I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l
E
ng
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
6
1
7
~
6
2
4
I
SS
N:
2
5
02
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ee
cs.v
2
1
.i
2
.
pp
617
-
6
2
4
617
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
I
m
pro
v
ed
dy
na
mic perf
o
r
m
a
nc
e of
photo
v
o
ltaic pa
nel using
fu
zz
y
log
ic
-
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rith
m
K
ha
lid
W.
Na
s
s
er
1
,
Sa
la
m
J
.
Ya
qo
o
b
2
,
Z
a
ina
b A.
H
a
s
s
o
u
n
3
1
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
isa
n
,
Ira
q
2
P
o
p
u
lar M
o
b
i
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,
P
rim
e
M
in
ister Off
ice
,
Ira
q
3
T
h
e
Isla
m
ic Un
iv
e
rsit
y
-
N
a
ja
f
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
A
p
r
1
2
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
n
1
5
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
l 8
,
2
0
2
0
T
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
a
n
d
in
ten
se
c
re
d
e
n
c
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
(
P
V
)
p
a
n
e
l
o
n
t
h
e
so
lar
irrad
ian
c
e
a
n
d
a
m
b
ien
t
t
e
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
i
m
p
o
rtan
t
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
in
th
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
to
p
ic.
T
o
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
e
se
p
ro
b
lem
s,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
(M
P
P
T
)
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
is
n
e
e
d
e
d
w
h
ich
c
a
n
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
e
f
f
i
c
ien
c
y
.
In
o
th
e
r
w
o
rd
s,
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
,
th
e
M
P
P
T
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
c
a
n
h
e
l
p
to
e
x
trac
t
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
a
n
d
o
v
e
ra
ll
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
f
ro
m
th
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
a
t
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
lo
a
d
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s.
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
(F
L
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
stro
n
g
e
st
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
th
e
e
x
trac
ti
n
g
o
f
M
P
P
i
n
th
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
sin
c
e
it
h
a
s se
v
e
ra
l
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s; r
o
b
u
st;
n
o
re
q
u
irem
e
n
t
to
h
a
v
e
a
n
a
c
c
u
ra
te
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l,
a
n
d
wo
rk
s
w
it
h
im
p
re
c
is
e
in
p
u
ts.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
in
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
(F
L
-
M
P
P
T
)
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
d
sim
u
late
d
to
im
p
ro
v
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
a
t
d
if
fe
re
n
t
so
lar
irrad
ian
c
e
a
n
d
th
e
n
i
n
c
re
a
se
d
th
e
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
"
M
ATLA
B/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
"
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
se
d
to
b
u
il
d
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
s
u
lt
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
te
a
s
w
e
l
l.
Be
sid
e
s,
a
ro
b
u
st
F
L
-
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
p
re
se
n
ted
w
it
h
h
ig
h
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
we
a
th
e
r
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
h
a
s
a
q
u
ick
e
r
re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
les
s
o
sc
il
lato
ry
c
o
m
p
a
ri
so
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s in
th
e
su
b
jec
t
o
f
e
x
trac
ti
n
g
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
F
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
F
L
-
MP
P
T
F
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
M
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t tr
ac
k
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
a
n
el
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Kh
alid
W
.
Nass
er
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
o
f
M
is
a
n
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
K
h
alid
.
w
alee
d
@
u
o
m
is
an
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
w
i
n
d
,
s
o
lar
,
w
av
e,
tid
al
p
o
w
er
s
ar
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
l
y
clea
n
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
y
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
e
m
p
h
a
s
is
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ted
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
t
h
a
t
u
s
ed
to
d
a
y
d
u
e
to
it
h
as
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
icat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tallat
io
n
a
n
d
less
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
s
[
2
,
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
a
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
r
elati
v
el
y
h
i
g
h
m
an
u
f
a
ctu
r
in
g
co
s
ts
a
n
d
lo
w
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
(
ab
o
u
t
9
-
1
8
%).
Sin
ce
it
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
o
p
er
ate
a
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
at
th
e
MP
P
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
W
h
e
n
a
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
o
r
k
s
at
t
h
is
p
o
in
t,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
ir
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
w
it
h
a
P
V
p
an
el
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
u
n
d
er
a
n
y
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
[
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
v
o
lta
g
e
(
I
-
V)
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
-
v
o
lta
g
e
(
P
-
V)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
P
V
p
an
el
ar
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t o
f
a
P
V
p
an
el
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
.
Ma
n
y
MP
P
T
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
p
r
ac
ticed
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
5
-
7
]
.
T
h
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tech
n
i
q
u
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ca
n
m
ak
e
i
t
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
s
elec
t
t
h
e
b
est tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
ad
o
p
t
w
h
e
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
a
P
V
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
1
7
-
6
2
4
618
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
an
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
P
V
p
an
el
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
li
g
h
tl
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lta
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
P
V
p
o
w
er
v
alu
e.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
w
h
e
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
el
c
u
r
r
en
t is
m
o
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
;
w
h
ich
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
w
h
ile
th
e
P
V
v
o
ltag
e
ex
p
o
s
e
s
litt
le
c
h
an
g
e
[
8
]
.
T
o
d
ay
,
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
a
s
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
I
NC
)
al
g
o
r
ith
m
[
9
,
1
0
]
,
Hill
C
li
m
b
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
1
1
]
,
an
d
p
e
r
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
(
P
&
O)
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
an
d
v
er
y
s
i
m
p
le
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
,
b
u
t
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
s
u
ch
as
lo
w
er
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
o
s
cillatio
n
s
i
n
t
r
ac
k
in
g
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el.
Se
v
er
al
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
ese
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
th
e
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
ar
tif
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
n
ar
tif
ic
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
A
N
N)
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
(
FL
)
,
an
d
g
e
n
eti
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
(
G
A
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
i
c
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ep
r
esen
ted
a
g
en
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
ex
p
r
ess
i
n
g
lin
g
u
is
t
ic
r
u
l
es,
th
u
s
it
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
it
h
s
i
m
p
le
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
in
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
(
FL
-
MP
PT
)
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
f
o
r
PV
p
an
e
l
i
s
p
r
es
en
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
PP
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
t
r
a
ck
e
d
th
e
p
e
a
k
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
PV
p
o
w
e
r
w
ith
a
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
w
ea
th
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
PP
T
u
n
li
k
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
PP
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
w
h
e
r
e
i
t
is
t
r
a
ck
e
d
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
M
PP
o
n
t
h
e
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
o
r
I
-
V
cu
r
v
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
e
r
r
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
e
r
r
o
r
t
h
a
t
r
e
p
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
.
T
h
e
FL
-
M
PP
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
h
as
b
e
e
n
t
es
t
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
ad
i
a
n
c
e
t
o
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
w
o
r
k
s
u
c
ce
s
s
iv
e
ly
.
H
e
n
c
e
,
"M
a
tl
a
b
/
Sim
u
l
in
k
"
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
is
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
th
e
ef
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
es
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
PP
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
th
m
.
F
in
a
l
ly
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
h
a
s
l
es
s
o
s
c
i
ll
a
t
o
r
y
th
an
th
e
c
o
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
s
in
ex
t
r
a
c
t
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV
p
an
e
l
.
2.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
O
F
P
V
CE
L
L
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
is
i
n
d
ic
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
in
g
le
-
d
io
d
e
P
V
ce
ll
m
o
d
el
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
On
e
-
d
io
d
e
m
o
d
el
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
P
V
ce
ll
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
licit
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
i
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
ich
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
(
STC)
ar
e
th
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ater
ial,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
B
asic
eq
u
atio
n
s
t
h
at
r
ep
r
esen
t t
h
i
s
id
ea
l P
V
ce
ll m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
(
1
)
(
2
)
*
+
(
3
)
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
is
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
(
2
5
.
7
m
V
at
2
5
°C
)
.
T
h
e
id
ea
lity
f
ac
to
r
g
en
er
all
y
v
ar
ies
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
f
o
r
th
e
s
in
g
l
e
-
d
io
d
e
m
o
d
el.
A
l
s
o
,
is
th
e
ter
m
in
a
l
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
P
V
ce
ll,
is
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
–
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
P
V
ce
ll,
an
d
is
o
u
tp
u
t
P
V
ce
ll
cu
r
r
en
t.
A
l
s
o
,
is
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
)
,
is
th
e
B
o
ltz
m
an
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
(
1
.
3
8
0
6
5
0
3
×
),
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
-
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
T
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
o
ne
-
d
io
d
e
P
V
ce
ll m
o
d
el
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
P
V
ce
ll
o
r
p
an
e
l
as
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
m
,
t
h
e
s
er
ies
an
d
p
ar
allel
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
ar
e
ad
d
ed
t
o
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
P
V
ce
ll
m
o
d
el
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
a
r
ea
l
P
V
ce
ll.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
b
asic
(
2
)
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
P
V
ce
ll c
an
b
e
r
ew
r
it
ten
a
s
[
1
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
d
yn
a
mic
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
p
a
n
el
u
s
in
g
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
K
h
a
lid
W
.
N
a
s
s
er
)
619
*
(
)
+
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
allel
an
d
s
er
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
A
ll
P
V
p
an
els
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
d
ata
s
h
ee
t
th
at
i
n
cl
u
d
es
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
s
o
p
en
–
ci
r
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
(
)
,
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
(
)
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
MP
P
(
)
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
at
MPP
(
)
,
th
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
o
p
en
-
c
ir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
(
)
,
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
ca
s
e
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
c
u
it c
u
r
r
en
t (
)
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
(
)
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
p
u
t
tied
in
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
P
V
p
an
el,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
in
ST
C
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ce
l
l
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
a
an
d
ar
e
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
d
atash
ee
t,
it
ca
n
b
e
ev
al
u
ate
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
(
)
d
ep
en
d
s
lin
ea
r
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
all
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
el
p
la
n
e
an
d
its
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
a
m
b
i
en
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
as sh
o
w
n
b
elo
w
[
1
8
]
.
(
)
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
h
o
to
-
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
at
,
(
),
is
th
e
f
a
llen
o
f
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
o
n
th
e
p
an
el
an
d
(
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²)
at
.
I
n
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
P
V
p
an
el,
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
eq
u
al
to
,
d
u
e
to
r
ea
l P
V
p
an
el
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
E
lectr
ic
al
q
u
an
tit
ies
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
ar
e
in
T
ab
le
1.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
lectr
ical
q
u
an
titi
es o
f
th
e
SR
-
6
0
SW
P
V
p
an
el
u
n
d
e
r
ST
C
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
1
4
.
7
V
4
A
60
W
1
9
.
2
6
V
4
.
5
5
A
36
-
3.
ANALY
SI
S O
F
DC
-
DC
B
O
O
ST
CO
NV
E
RT
E
R
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
d
iag
r
a
m
w
it
h
th
e
F
L
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
in
d
icate
d
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
d
c
-
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
b
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
i
ts
d
u
t
y
c
y
cl
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
(
FL
)
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ich
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
d
esig
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
tea
d
y
-
s
tate
eq
u
atio
n
s
i
n
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
d
e
(
C
C
M)
d
u
e
to
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
i
m
p
le
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
cir
cu
i
t
i
s
ad
o
p
ted
u
n
d
er
C
C
M
w
it
h
an
id
ea
l
cir
cu
it
(
cu
r
r
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
w
itch
e
s
at
OF
F
s
tate
is
ze
r
o
an
d
d
r
o
p
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
itch
e
s
at
ON
s
tat
e
is
ze
r
o
)
.
I
n
C
C
M
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
w
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
ze
r
o
.
I
f
a
s
tead
y
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
ex
is
t
s
,
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
P
V
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
as sh
o
w
n
b
elo
w
[
1
9
,
2
0
]
:
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
ON
ti
m
e
an
d
is
th
e
s
w
itc
h
OFF t
i
m
e.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
f
ac
t
⁄
,
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
to
tal
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
w
h
ic
h
is
eq
u
al
to
(
,
th
en
th
e
(
6
)
ca
n
b
e
r
e
w
r
itten
a
s
:
(
7
)
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
(
8
)
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t c
an
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
1
7
-
6
2
4
620
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itten
as:
(
1
0
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
d
iag
r
a
m
w
it
h
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
M
P
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fro
m
(
7
)
an
d
(
1
0
)
,
th
e
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
i
n
p
u
t
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
o
r
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
t
h
at
i
s
s
ee
n
b
y
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as [
2
0
]
:
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
r
o
m
(
1
1
)
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
an
d
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
ch
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
t
h
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
I
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
lo
ad
lin
e
w
it
h
a
s
lo
p
e
o
f
⁄
⁄
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ch
an
g
in
g
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
t
h
e
MP
P
p
o
in
t
m
o
v
ed
o
n
t
h
e
I
-
V
c
u
r
v
e.
I
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
in
o
p
ti
m
al
v
al
u
e,
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
o
p
er
ates
in
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
at
p
o
in
t
MP
P
an
d
th
en
th
e
p
ea
k
p
o
w
e
r
is
d
eliv
er
ed
to
th
e
lo
ad
w
h
er
e
o
p
tim
a
l
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
eq
u
al
to
⁄
.
I
n
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
f
ill
f
ac
to
r
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
q
u
an
t
ities
t
h
at
li
m
ited
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tate
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el,
w
h
er
e
a
f
ill
f
ac
to
r
is
th
e
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
e
l
to
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
an
d
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
f
ill
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
:
(
1
2
)
E
f
f
icien
c
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
i
n
ten
s
it
y
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
ce
ll
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
ef
f
ici
e
n
c
y
w
i
th
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
MP
P
T
is
u
s
ed
g
r
ad
u
all
y
ex
p
an
d
ed
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
an
d
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
i
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
F
L
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
4.
F
U
Z
Z
Y
L
O
G
I
C
M
P
P
T
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
Ma
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
F
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
s
u
ch
as
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
itie
s
,
n
o
t
n
ee
d
in
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
eli
n
g
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
it
h
i
m
p
r
ec
is
e
i
n
p
u
ts
[
1
5
,
1
6
,
2
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
est
i
n
MP
P
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
2
-
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
FL
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
u
n
its
:
f
u
zz
i
f
icati
o
n
u
n
it,
a
r
u
le
b
ase
u
n
i
t,
an
i
n
f
er
en
ce
en
g
i
n
e,
an
d
a
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
ica
tio
n
u
n
it.
T
h
e
F
L
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
t
s
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
th
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
th
e
er
r
o
r
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
FL
-
MP
P
T
h
as
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
le,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
v
a
lu
e
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
f
o
r
FL
-
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el,
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
d
yn
a
mic
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
p
a
n
el
u
s
in
g
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
K
h
a
lid
W
.
N
a
s
s
er
)
621
(
1
4
)
W
ith
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
an
d
,
F
L
-
MP
PT
d
ec
id
es
th
e
n
e
x
t
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
u
s
ed
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
a
r
u
le
tab
le.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
g
iv
e
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
f
ar
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
i
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
MP
P
,
w
h
ile
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
h
o
w
f
ast
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
i
n
ts
i
n
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
w
ar
d
s
o
r
f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
MP
P
.
I
f
th
e
er
r
o
r
v
al
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
ze
r
o
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
c
h
an
g
es
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
to
r
is
e
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
ti
l
r
ea
ch
es
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
,
if
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
v
al
u
e
l
es
s
t
h
an
ze
r
o
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ch
an
g
es
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
til r
ea
c
h
es
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ag
a
in
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
iv
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
u
zz
y
le
v
els
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
p
u
ts
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
(
n
e
g
at
iv
e
b
ig
NB
,
n
eg
at
iv
e
s
m
all
N
S,
ze
r
o
Z
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
m
al
l
P
S,
an
d
p
o
s
iti
v
e
b
ig
P
B
)
.
R
esu
lti
n
g
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FL
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
MP
PT
w
ill
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
2
5
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
u
les
a
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
cr
is
p
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lta
n
t v
al
u
e
i
s
d
eliv
er
ed
to
th
e
s
w
i
tch
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
T
ab
le
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
s
tab
le
/
NB
NS
ZE
PS
PB
NB
ZE
ZE
NB
NB
NB
NS
ZE
ZE
NS
NS
NS
ZE
NS
ZE
ZE
ZE
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
ZE
ZE
PB
PB
PB
PB
ZE
ZE
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
"
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
"
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
a
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
u
n
its
;
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
d
c
-
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it,
a
n
d
th
e
F
L
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
eq
u
atio
n
s
a
s
p
r
esen
t
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
t
w
o
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
te
r
is
b
u
ilt d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
it t
h
at
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
F
L
-
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tati
o
n
o
f
F
L
-
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
s
i
m
u
lated
w
it
h
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
a
s
in
p
u
ts
,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
er
r
o
r
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
,
an
d
it
f
ed
to
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
P
W
M
s
ig
n
al
to
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
An
d
,
b
y
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
in
p
u
t
r
esis
tan
ce
is
ac
h
iev
ed
w
it
h
r
e
m
ain
t
h
e
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
is
co
n
s
tan
t
f
o
r
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
V
p
an
e
l
is
o
b
tai
n
e
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
F
L
i
s
u
s
ed
to
tu
n
e
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
(
MF
s
)
an
d
r
u
le
-
b
ase
tab
le
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
T
h
u
s
,
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
ar
e
b
u
ilt
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
MF
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
in
d
icate
d
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
th
at
o
p
er
ated
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
lo
w
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
it
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
w
ea
th
er
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
o
n
l
y
s
u
c
h
as
h
ig
h
er
r
ad
i
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
w
er
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
1
7
-
6
2
4
622
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
s
p
r
esen
te
d
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
FL
-
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
tes
ted
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
ta
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t so
la
r
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
els as p
r
ese
n
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
5.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
a)
in
p
u
t v
ar
iab
les
an
d
(
b
)
o
u
tp
u
t v
ar
iab
le
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
FL
-
MP
P
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
d
yn
a
mic
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
p
a
n
el
u
s
in
g
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
MPP
T a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
K
h
a
lid
W
.
N
a
s
s
er
)
623
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
r
es
u
lts
,
t
h
e
P
V
p
o
w
er
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
;
if
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
is
h
i
g
h
er
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
V
i
s
h
ig
h
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FL
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
o
th
er
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
I
N
C
)
,
an
d
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
(
P
&
O)
to
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
u
n
d
er
FL
-
MP
PT
,
P
&
O,
an
d
I
NC
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
n
d
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
P
&
O
alg
o
r
it
h
m
e
x
h
ib
its
a
s
lo
w
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
lo
w
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
le
v
el,
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
b
u
t
a
f
a
s
t
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
in
h
i
g
h
er
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
o
w
er
ca
lcu
latio
n
.
T
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
i
n
P
&
O
is
lar
g
e
a
f
ter
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
p
er
atio
n
.
W
h
ile
I
NC
al
g
o
r
ith
m
h
as
a
n
ac
c
ep
tab
le
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
el
s
w
i
t
h
litt
le
o
s
cillatio
n
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FL
-
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
a
q
u
ick
er
r
esp
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
less
o
s
ci
llato
r
y
th
a
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
So
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
el
u
n
d
er
"
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
"
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
u
n
d
er
FL
-
MP
P
T
,
P
&
O
an
d
I
NC
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
a
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
(
F
L
)
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
(
M
P
P
T
)
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
a
n
d
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
M
P
P
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
.
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
d
i
o
d
e
P
V
c
e
l
l
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
u
s
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
m
a
t
h
em
a
t
i
c
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
i
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
,
t
h
e
d
c
-
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
t
h
e
F
L
-
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
.
T
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
,
a
n
d
i
t
s
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
e
q
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
F
L
-
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
im
p
l
em
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
"
M
a
t
l
a
b
/
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
"
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
F
L
-
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
c
a
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
M
P
P
u
n
d
e
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
h
a
s
a
q
u
i
c
k
e
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
l
e
s
s
o
s
c
i
l
l
a
t
o
r
y
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
i
n
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V
.
Q
u
a
sc
h
n
i
n
g
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
s,”
Ear
th
sc
a
n
,
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
]
A
.
H.
A
li
,
H.
S
.
Ha
m
a
d
a
n
d
A.
A
.
A
b
d
u
lraz
z
a
q
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
st
e
m
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
Ba
se
d
o
n
M
A
TL
A
B
S
i
m
u
latio
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
te
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
.
8,
n
o.
6
,
p
p
.
4
8
4
7
-
4
8
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
H.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
Off
-
G
rid
P
o
w
e
r
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic,”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o.
3
,
p
p
.
4
18
-
4
2
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
J.
Zh
a
o
,
X
.
Zh
o
u
,
Y.
M
a
,
a
n
d
W
.
L
iu
“
A
No
v
e
l
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
trate
g
y
B
a
se
d
o
n
Op
ti
m
a
l
V
o
l
tag
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
st
e
m
s
Un
d
e
r
V
a
riab
le
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,”
S
o
la
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
2
2
,
p
p
.
640
-
6
4
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
R.
S
h
u
n
-
c
h
e
u
n
g
Y
e
u
n
g
,
He
n
ry
S
h
u
-
h
u
n
g
Ch
u
n
g
,
N
o
rm
a
n
Ch
u
n
g
-
fa
i
T
se
,
a
n
d
S
tev
e
T
z
u
-
h
siu
n
g
Ch
u
a
n
g
,
“
A
G
lo
b
a
l
M
P
P
T
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Ex
isti
n
g
P
V
S
y
ste
m
M
it
ig
a
ti
n
g
S
u
b
o
p
ti
m
a
l
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
Co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,”
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
4
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
-
1
5
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
J.
P
.
Ra
m
,
T
.
S
.
B
a
b
u
,
a
n
d
N.
Ra
jas
e
k
a
r
“
A
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
S
o
lar
P
V
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,”
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
, v
o
l.
6
7
,
p
p
.
8
2
6
-
847
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
A
.
G
u
p
ta,
Y.
K.
Ch
a
u
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
K
P
a
c
h
a
u
ri
.
“
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
s f
o
r
S
o
lar
P
V S
y
ste
m
,
”
S
o
la
r en
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
-
2
5
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
1
7
-
6
2
4
624
[8
]
J.
Ju
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
o
f
sin
g
le cr
y
st
a
ll
in
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic p
a
n
e
ls
f
o
r
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
si
m
u
latio
n
,
”
2
0
1
0
IEE
E
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
Co
n
g
re
ss
a
n
d
Exp
o
sit
io
n
,
A
tl
a
n
ta,
GA
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
4
2
-
3
4
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
ECCE
.
2
0
1
0
.
5
6
1
8
0
1
5
.
[9
]
R.
F
a
ra
ji
,
A
.
Ro
u
h
o
lam
in
i,
H.
R.
Na
ji
,
R.
F
a
d
a
e
in
e
d
jad
a
n
d
M
.
R.
Ch
a
v
o
sh
ian
,
“
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
se
d
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
in
c
re
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
in
g
c
o
n
tro
l
ler f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic s
y
ste
m
s,
”
in
IET
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
4
-
1
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/i
e
t
-
p
e
l
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
6
0
3
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ka
o
u
a
n
e
,
B.
A
k
k
il
a
,
a
n
d
A.
Ch
e
rit
i,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
In
c
re
m
e
n
tal
-
c
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
M
P
P
T
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
In
a
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
DC
-
DC
ZE
TA
Co
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E,
8
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
(
ICM
IC)
,
2
0
1
6
.
,
h
tt
p
s:
//
iee
e
x
p
lo
re
.
iee
e
.
o
rg
/d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t/
7
8
0
4
1
8
4
?
d
e
n
ied
.
[1
1
]
N.
P
e
ll
e
t,
F
.
G
io
rd
a
n
o
,
M
.
Ib
ra
h
i
m
Da
r,
G
.
Zak
e
e
ru
d
d
in
,
S
.
M
.
,
M
a
i
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
G
rä
tze
l,
“
Hill
C
l
im
b
in
g
H
y
ste
re
sis
o
f
P
e
ro
v
sk
it
e
‐b
a
se
d
S
o
lar
Ce
ll
s:
a
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Pro
g
re
ss
in
Ph
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ics
:
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
, v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o.
1
1
,
p
p
.
9
4
2
-
9
5
0
, 2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
A
.
Ro
z
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
A
w
a
n
g
Ju
so
h
,
“
A
n
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
P
&
O
Ch
e
c
k
in
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
M
P
P
T
f
o
r
Hig
h
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Eff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
P
a
rti
a
ll
y
S
h
a
d
e
d
P
V
M
o
d
u
le,”
S
o
la
r E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
6
3
,
p
p
.
5
7
0
-
5
8
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
S
.
M
o
tah
h
ir,
A
.
El
G
h
z
iza
l,
S
.
S
e
b
ti
,
A
.
De
ro
u
ic
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
G
h
z
iza
l,
“
P
r
o
p
o
sa
l
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
No
v
e
l
Pe
rt
u
rb
a
n
d
Ob
se
rv
e
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
Us
in
g
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
,
”
IEE
E
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
S
a
leh
,
Am
e
e
r
L
.
,
A
d
e
l
A
.
Ob
e
d
,
Zain
a
b
A
.
Ha
ss
o
u
n
,
S
a
lam
J.
Ya
q
o
o
b
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
A
L
o
w
Co
st
P
e
rt
u
rb
&
O
b
se
rv
e
a
n
d
In
c
re
m
e
n
tal
Co
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
M
P
P
T
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
I
n
P
r
o
teu
s
S
o
f
tw
a
re
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
F
ly
b
a
c
k
Co
n
v
e
rter
,”
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s: M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
v
o
l
.
8
8
1
.
n
o
.
1
.
IO
P
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
5
]
M
.
Ke
r
m
a
d
i,
a
n
d
El
M
.
Be
rk
o
u
k
,
“
A
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Co
n
tro
l
lers
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
s:
Co
m
p
a
ra
t
iv
e
stu
d
y
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
3
6
9
-
3
8
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
L
u
b
is,
A
.
J.,
S
u
sa
n
to
,
E.
,
S
u
n
a
ry
a
,
U.
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
o
n
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
Us
in
g
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
V
.
L
.
Bra
n
o
,
A
.
Orio
li
,
G
.
Ciu
ll
a
a
n
d
A
.
D.
G
a
n
g
i,
“
A
n
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
F
iv
e
-
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
M
o
d
e
l
fo
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
M
o
d
u
les
,
”
S
o
la
r
En
e
rg
y
M
a
ter
ia
l
s a
n
d
S
o
la
r
Ce
ll
s
,
v
o
l.
9
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
4
-
3
7
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
1
8
]
S
a
l
a
m
J
.
Y
a
q
o
o
b
,
a
n
d
A
d
e
l
A
.
O
b
e
d
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
,
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
of
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
P
a
n
e
l
M
o
d
e
l
b
y
P
r
o
t
e
u
s
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
H
i
g
h
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
T
w
o
-
d
i
o
d
e
M
o
d
e
l
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o.
1
.
p
p
.
39
-
5
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
E
.
B
a
s
o
g
l
u
a
n
d
B
.
C
a
k
i
r
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
s
o
f
M
P
P
T
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
I
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
N
o
n
-
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
D
C
-
D
C
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
A
N
e
w
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
0
,
p
p
.
1100
-
1
1
1
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
A
.
Kh
a
li
g
h
a
n
d
O
m
e
r
C.
On
a
r,
“
En
e
rg
y
Ha
r
v
e
stin
g
S
o
lar,
W
in
d
,
a
n
d
Oc
e
a
n
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
ste
m
s,”
Bo
c
a
Ra
to
n
:
CRC
P
re
ss
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
L
.
F
a
ra
h
,
A
.
Ha
d
d
o
u
c
h
e
,
A
.
Ha
d
d
o
u
c
h
e
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
Be
tw
e
e
n
P
ro
p
o
se
d
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
a
n
d
A
N
F
IS
f
o
r
M
P
P
T
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
-
1
0
7
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
2
]
Z.
Ch
e
n
g
,
H.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
S
u
n
,
“
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
se
d
P
V
sy
ste
m
s
fu
z
z
y
M
P
P
T
c
o
n
tro
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
2
0
1
0
S
e
v
e
n
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
F
u
zz
y
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Kn
o
wled
g
e
Disc
o
v
e
ry
,
Y
a
n
tai,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
4
-
1
2
4
8
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
F
S
KD
.
2
0
1
0
.
5
5
6
9
1
2
7
.
[2
3
]
B.
T
a
re
k
,
D.
S
a
id
a
n
d
M
.
E.
H.
Be
n
b
o
u
z
id
,
“
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Co
n
tro
l
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
N
e
u
ro
-
F
u
z
z
y
“
A
NFIS
”
,
”
2
0
1
3
Ei
g
h
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
h
ib
i
ti
o
n
o
n
Eco
l
o
g
ica
l
Veh
icle
s a
n
d
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
ies
(
EV
ER
)
,
M
o
n
te Ca
rlo
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/E
V
ER.
2
0
1
3
.
6
5
2
1
5
5
9
.
[2
4
]
L
.
Re
z
n
ik
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
Co
n
tro
ll
e
rs,”
Ne
w
n
e
s,
1
st ed
it
i
o
n
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
5
]
T
.
Esra
m
a
n
d
P
.
L
.
Ch
a
p
m
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic A
rra
y
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
-
4
4
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
EC.
2
0
0
6
.
8
7
4
2
3
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.