Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
2
,
Febr
ua
ry
201
8
,
pp.
395
~
402
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
2
.
pp
395
-
40
2
395
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A Comparati
ve Stud
y o
f
P
hase O
ffset Disp
osition S
inu
soidal
Pul
se
Wi
dth
Modu
lation (POD
-
SP
WM) an
d Symm
etr
i
cal P
ulse
Width
Modulat
ion Swit
ching T
echiq
ues for G
enerali
ze
d
Current
Source
Multi
level Inve
rter(MCSI
)
Nik F
as
di
Nik
Isma
il
1
,
N
as
r
udin
Ab
d
ul R
ah
im
2
,
Siti
Roha
ni
Sheikh
Raiha
n
3
, 3Y
usu
f
Al
-
Turki
4
1,2,3,4
Faculty
o
f
Elec
tric
al
Eng
ineerin
g, U
nive
rsiti
Tekno
l
ogi M
ARA, 4
0000 S
ha
h Alam
,
Sela
ngor, Mal
a
ysi
a
1,2,3
UM Powe
r
En
e
rg
y
De
dicat
e
d
A
dvance
d C
entre
(
UMP
EDA
C
)
,
Uni
ve
rsiti
Mal
ay
a, Lev
el
4,
Wism
aR
&D,
Ku
al
a
Lum
pu
r
,
Mal
ay
sia
4
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f
Elec
tric
al
and
Com
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng, Co
ll
e
ge of
Enginee
r
ing
a
nd Re
newable E
nergy G
r
oup,
King
Abd
ul Azi
z U
ni
ver
sit
y,
Jed
dah,
Ar
a
b
S
aud
i
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
9
, 2
01
7
Re
vised
Dec
2
0
, 2
01
7
Accepte
d
Ja
n
11
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
pape
r
pr
ese
nts
a
compari
son
bet
wee
n
two
s
witc
hing
t
ec
hn
iq
ues
namel
y
Phase
Offs
et
Dispos
it
ion
Sinus
o
ida
l
PW
M
(P
O
D
-
SPWM
)
and
S
y
m
m
et
ric
a
l
PW
M
sw
it
chi
ng
for
a
gen
era
l
ize
d
cur
ren
t
sour
ce
m
ult
il
ev
el
inv
er
te
r
(MCS
I)
topol
og
y
.
On
e
o
f
the
adva
nt
age
s
of
MCS
I
is
it
c
an
red
u
ce
the
total
har
m
oni
c
distort
ion
(
TH
D)
at
the
ou
tp
ut
loa
d
cur
r
ent
with
a
sinuso
ida
l
cur
ren
t
wave
form
.
In
th
is
pape
r
,
the
gen
era
l
iz
ed
MCS
I
with
the
d
iffe
r
e
nt
le
v
el
s
has
bee
n
d
eve
lop
ed
with
Mat
la
b@
sim
ula
ti
on
soft
ware
in
orde
r
t
o
stud
y
the
per
form
anc
e
of
the
two
sw
it
ching
sche
m
es
for
the
op
era
t
ion
of
the
MCS
I
.
From
the
sim
ul
at
ion
result
s,
P
OD
-
SPWM
s
witc
hing
techniqu
e
ca
n
give
bet
t
er
THD r
esul
ts c
om
par
e
t
o
s
ym
m
et
ric
al
sw
itc
hing
t
ec
hniqu
e
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nik Fasdi
N
i
k Ism
ail
,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
,
4000
0
S
ha
h A
lam
, S
el
angor,
Ma
la
ysi
a
Em
a
il
:
nik
fasd
i
@yah
oo.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
An
in
ve
rter
co
nv
e
rts
direct
c
urren
t
(
DC)
to
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urren
t
(
AC)
.
Inv
erters
can
be
c
la
ssifie
d
int
o
two
t
opologies
; vo
lt
age
sou
rc
e inv
e
rters
(
VSI)
a
nd c
urren
t s
ource i
nv
e
rters
(
CSI
). Both
of
the top
ologies
hav
e
their
own
ad
va
ntages
a
nd
dis
adv
a
ntage
s
co
m
par
e
to
oth
er
s.
To
day,
m
os
t
of
the
publis
he
d
resea
rch
es
are
on
VS
I
c
om
par
e
to
CSI
in
te
rm
of
publica
ti
on
s
and
researc
h
works.
T
his
is
because
VSI
topolo
gies
ha
ve
m
or
e
com
m
on
adv
a
ntage
in
powe
r
co
nv
e
rter
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
s
uch
as
dev
ic
e
vol
ta
ge
rati
ngs,
hi
gh
e
r
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
and
m
or
e
pr
act
ic
al
in
industrial
ap
plica
ti
on
s
[
1]
–
[8]
.
H
oweve
r,
CSI
is
ver
y
po
pu
la
r
with
thei
r
sp
eci
al
featu
r
es
as
com
par
e to V
S
I
su
c
h
as the r
e
li
abili
ty o
f
the input inducto
r, short circuit
cu
r
ren
t p
r
o
te
ct
ion
a
nd
i
nh
e
rent
b
oost
char
act
e
risti
cs
[9]
–
[
12]
.
This
pa
per
fo
c
us
e
d
on
Mult
il
evel
Current
S
ource
I
nv
e
rter
(MCS
I
)
with
tw
o
different
switc
hin
g
sche
m
es.
The
switc
hing
schem
e
na
m
el
y
Ph
ase
D
ispo
sit
io
n
P
WM
and
sym
m
etr
ic
al
P
W
M
has
been
us
e
d
to
ge
ner
at
e
five
-
le
vel
ou
t
pu
t
cu
rr
e
nt
f
or
the
MC
SI
.
I
n
the
stud
y,
the
s
i
m
ulati
on
s
for
5
-
le
vel,
7
-
le
vel
an
d
9
-
le
vel of MC
SI
ha
ve been
c
onduct
ed
i
n
M
ATL
AB/Si
m
ul
ink
softwa
re.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
2
,
Fe
br
uary
201
8
:
395
–
4
02
396
2.
MU
LT
ILE
VE
L CUR
RENT
SOUR
CE I
N
VERTER
(M
CS
I
)
The
ge
ner
al
iz
e
d
MC
S
I
to
polog
y
i
n
Fi
gure
1
was
i
ntr
oduc
ed
in
[
13]
,
a
nd
for
t
he
fi
ve
-
le
vel
outp
ut
MC
SI
is
s
ho
wn
in
Fig
ure
2.
This
fi
ve
-
le
vel
ci
rc
uit
co
ntains
of
four
co
uple
s
of
pa
rall
el
com
plem
entary
(PW
M
)
s
witc
he
s
w
hich
a
re
S
5
S
6
,
S
7
S
8
,
S
3
S
4
and
S
1
S
2
.
In
t
he
MC
SI
,
the
in
te
rm
ediat
e
cur
r
ent
m
us
t
be
eq
ually
distrib
uted
am
ong
al
l
branc
he
s
in
orde
r
to
hav
e
a
cu
rr
e
nt
balancin
g.
I
f
the
cu
rr
e
nt
are
no
t
e
qu
al
ly
sh
a
red,
th
e
ou
t
pu
t
c
urre
nt
wav
e
f
or
m
bec
om
e
un
bala
nce
d,
t
hus
the
t
ot
al
har
m
on
ic
distor
ti
on
(THD
)
f
or
t
he
outp
ut
load
current
bec
ome
s h
i
gh
e
r.
1
L
2
n
L
1
n
L
21
n
S
1
S
3
S
5
S
2
S
4
S
6
S
2
n
S
DC
I
Figure
1:
Gen
e
ral MC
SI
N
-
Le
vel
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
switc
hi
ng
co
nt
ro
l
sc
hem
e
use
d
i
n
the
MC
SI
nee
ds
t
o
e
nsure
the
cu
rr
e
nt
ba
la
nci
ng
betwee
n
the
in
te
rm
ediat
e
ind
ucto
r
curre
nt
le
vels.
I
n
orde
r
to
stud
y
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
these
two
ty
pe
s
of
switc
hing
c
on
t
ro
l
sc
hem
e
nam
el
y
PO
D
SP
WM
an
d
Sym
m
et
rical
PW
M
,
the
c
om
par
ison
was
m
ade
betwee
n
the s
witc
hing s
trat
egies.
1
L
1
S
3
S
7
S
5
S
DC
I
4
S
2
S
6
S
8
S
2
L
f
C
L
o
a
d
Figure
2
: Fi
ve
-
Level MC
SI
Table
1
s
hows
the
switc
hing
sequ
e
nce
f
or
5,
7
a
nd
9
le
ve
ls
of
CSI.
In
n
-
le
vels
of
CS
I,
2(n
-
1)
of
switc
hes
are
ne
eded.
He
nce,
for
5
-
le
vel
of
MC
SI
,
8
switc
hes
are
nee
de
d,
wh
e
reas
12
s
witc
hes
are
ne
eded
f
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A Co
mpar
ative
S
tu
dy of P
has
e O
ff
set
D
is
pos
it
ion
S
i
nuso
i
dal Pulse Wi
dth
Mo
du
l
ation
…
(
First
Au
th
or
)
397
7
-
le
vel
and
16
switc
hes
need
for
9
-
le
vel
of
MC
SI
.
Th
ere
fore,
it
can
be
c
oncl
ude
that,
f
or
the
n
-
le
vel
of
MC
SI
requires
of
2 (n
-
1)
nu
m
ber
s
of
sw
it
ches
.
Level
ON Swit
ch
es
Ou
tp
u
t Cu
rr
en
t
1
S
4
, S
6
0
2
S
2
, S
4
, S
5
,
S
7
I
3
S
2
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
7
I/2
4
S
1
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
8
-
I/2
5
S
1
, S
3
, S
6
,
S
8
-
I
Level
ON Swit
ch
es
Ou
tp
u
t curre
n
t
1
S
5
, S
7
0
2
S
2
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
7
, S
9
,
S
11
I
3
S
2
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
8
, S
9
,
S
11
2
I/3
4
S
4
, S
6
, S
8
,
S
9
I/3
5
S
3
, S
6
, S
8
,
S
10
-
I/3
6
S
1
, S
3
, S
5
,
S
7
, S
10
,
S
12
-
2
I/3
7
S
1
, S
3
, S
5
,
S
8
, S
10
,
S
12
-
I
(a)
Sw
it
chi
ng s
equ
e
nces
for 5
le
vels MC
SI
(b)
S
witc
hing
s
equ
e
nces
for 7
le
vels MC
SI
Level
ON switch
es
Ou
tp
u
t curre
n
t
1
S
8,
S
10
0
2
S
2
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
8
, S
9
,
S
11
, S
13
, S
15
I
3
S
2
, S
4
, S
6
,
S
8
, S
10
,
S
11
, S
13
, S
15
3
I/4
4
S
2
, S
4
, S
7
,
S
9
, S
13
,
S
15
I/2
5
S
2
, S
7
, S
9
,
S
15
I/4
6
S
1
, S
8
, S
10
,
S
16
-
I/4
7
S
1
, S
3
, S
7
,
S
9
, S
14
,
S
16
-
I/2
8
S
1
, S
3
, S
5
,
S
8
, S
10
,
S
12
, S
14
, S
16
-
3
I/4
9
S
1
, S
3
, S
5
,
S
7
, S
10
,
S
12
, S
14
, S
16
-
I
(c)
Sw
it
chi
ng s
equ
e
nces
for 9
le
vels CSI
Table
1: a) Swi
tc
hin
g se
qu
e
nc
es for
5 le
vels
CSI, b) S
witc
hi
ng
seq
ue
nces
for 7 levels
CS
I,
c) Swit
chin
g
s
equ
e
nces
for 9
le
vels CSI
.
2
.
1
.
Ph
as
e O
ffset
Disposi
tio
n (
P
OD
-
SP
W
M) w
ith
a
sin
gl
e carrier
In
gen
e
ral
the
POD
-
S
P
W
M
is
a
si
m
ple
and
ge
neral
switc
hing
te
ch
niqu
e
for
m
ultilevel
inv
erter
s.
This
te
chn
i
qu
e
us
es
a
sing
le
sinu
s
oid
al
re
fe
ren
ce
sig
nal
w
it
h
four
car
rier
sign
al
s.
The
se
sign
al
s
nee
d
to
be
com
par
ed
in
orde
r
to
pro
du
c
e
gating
sig
nals
fo
r
the
i
nvert
er
as
sh
ow
n
in
Figu
re
3
for
a
5
-
le
vel
MC
SI
.
Fr
om
the f
ig
ur
e
, th
e
ou
t
pu
t S
P
W
M
is set
to
be
“
O
N”
sta
te
when
the r
efe
re
nce si
gn
al
is
higher
t
han
t
he
car
rier
sign
al
and
i
n
the
“
OFF”
sta
te
wh
e
n
lowe
r
tha
n
the
carrier
si
gn
al
s
.
The
m
ulti
le
ve
l
carrier
sig
nal
can
be
ei
the
r
i
n
the
form
of
phase sh
ifte
d
or
le
vel
sh
ifte
d
as p
re
s
ented
i
n
[
10]
,
[
9],
[
14]
–
[
16]
. U
su
al
l
y,
in
n
-
l
evel
of
c
urren
t source
inv
e
rter,
one
s
inu
s
oid
al
si
gnal
will
be
c
om
par
ed
with
(
n
-
1)
num
ber
of
car
rier
sig
nal,
but
i
n
the
pu
rpos
e
d
POD
-
S
P
W
M
te
chn
i
qu
e
,
on
ly
one
ca
rr
ie
r
sig
nal
an
d
one
si
nu
s
oi
dal
sig
nal
will
be
us
e
d
t
o
gen
e
rate
the
P
W
M
pu
lse
s
f
or
the
inv
e
rter.
The
gen
e
rati
ons
of
switc
hi
ng
sig
nals
in
or
der
t
o
gen
e
rate
different
le
vel
of
ou
t
put
current a
re sh
own
in Fi
gures
. 4(a
)
to
4(
d)
.
Figure
3
.
O
perat
ing
P
rinci
ple
of SP
WM
Tec
hn
i
qu
e
f
or 5
-
le
vel MC
SI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
2
,
Fe
br
uary
201
8
:
395
–
4
02
398
a. I
m
ax
b.
+
I/2
c.
–
I/2
d.
-
I
m
ax
Figure
4.
(a
),
(
b), (
c
), (
d)
:
O
pe
rati
on of
Si
ngle
Carrier Si
gn
al
POD
-
S
P
WM in
5
-
le
vel M
CSI
2
.
2
.
Sy
m
metri
cal PW
M Sw
itchin
g
Si
gnal
This
te
chn
i
qu
e
com
par
es
a
si
nu
s
oi
dal
sign
al
with
a
sing
le
li
ne
sign
al
.
I
n
this
stud
y,
the
a
m
pl
it
ud
e
of
the
sin
gle
li
ne
is
fixe
d
at
0.5
at
al
l
per
io
ds.
The
c
om
pari
so
n
betwee
n
s
inu
s
oid
al
waveform
and
sin
gle
li
ne
pro
du
ces
a
P
WM
sig
nals
a
s
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
T
his
s
w
it
ching
sig
nals
is
co
ns
i
der
e
d
as
sym
m
et
rical
sig
nal
because
produ
ces switc
hi
ng s
ign
al
wh
ic
h
is
al
ways 50%
of
duty
cyc
le
.
Fig
ure
5.
O
perat
ing
P
rinci
ple
of Sym
m
et
rica
l P
W
M
Sw
it
ch
ing
Sig
nals
3.
RESU
LT
A
N
D DIS
CUSSI
ON
In
this
sect
io
n,
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
for
5
-
le
vel,
7
-
le
ve
l
and
9
-
le
vel
of
MC
SI
a
re
discuss
e
d.
The
or
et
ic
al
ly
,
by
inc
reasin
g
the
num
ber
of
outp
ut
c
urrent
le
vels,
it
wil
l
le
ad
to
the
r
edu
ct
io
n
of
T
HD
of
ou
t
pu
t
c
urren
t
and
as
a
resu
lt
a
s
m
al
l
siz
e
of
filt
er
is
needed.
F
or
t
he
sim
ula
ti
on
pa
ra
m
et
ers,
the
m
a
xim
u
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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on
esi
a
n
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E
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c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A Co
mpar
ative
S
tu
dy of P
has
e O
ff
set
D
is
pos
it
ion
S
i
nuso
i
dal Pulse Wi
dth
Mo
du
l
ation
…
(
First
Au
th
or
)
399
current
is
set
t
o
be
20A
a
nd
the
switc
hing
f
r
equ
e
ncy
is
5
kHz.
Each
pow
er
switc
h
in
th
e
si
m
ulati
on
c
on
sist
s
of the
IG
BT
w
i
th the se
ries
di
od
e
s.
T
he
ci
rcui
t sim
ulati
on
fo
r
the
5
-
le
vel M
CSI a
re show
n i
n
F
ig
. 6.
Fig
ur
e
6
:
Five
-
le
vel MC
SI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
2
,
Fe
br
uary
201
8
:
395
–
4
02
400
Table
3
: C
omparis
on of
O
utp
ut C
urre
nt
Wav
ef
or
m
f
or
5, 7
a
nd
9
Le
vels
of CSI
W
it
h
a
nd
W
it
ho
ut Fil
te
r
(a
)
POD
-
S
P
W
M
Wav
e
f
or
m
, (
b)
Sym
m
et
rical
P
W
M S
witc
hi
ng Sig
nal
Wavefo
rm
Level
Ou
t
pu
t C
urre
nt
W
a
vefor
m
s
W
it
h
Fil
te
r
W
it
hout Filt
er
5
(a)
POD
-
SP
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
(a)
POD
-
SP
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
7
(a)
POD
-
SP
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
(a)
POD
-
S
P
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
9
(a)
POD
-
SP
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
(a)
POD
-
SP
W
M
(b)
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A Co
mpar
ative
S
tu
dy of P
has
e O
ff
set
D
is
pos
it
ion
S
i
nuso
i
dal Pulse Wi
dth
Mo
du
l
ation
…
(
First
Au
th
or
)
401
Table
3
s
hows
the
ou
t
pu
t
cu
r
ren
t
wa
ve
form
fo
r
5,
7
an
d
9
le
vels
of
MC
S
I
for
the
P
OD
-
SP
W
M
a
nd
Sy
m
m
e
tric
al
P
WM
Sw
it
chi
ng
Sig
nals
with
and
without
filt
er.
From
the
resu
lt
s,
the
wa
ve
form
beco
m
e
s
m
or
e
sinu
s
oid
al
with
the
inc
rem
e
nt
of
nu
m
ber
of
le
vels.
H
oweve
r,
bet
wee
n
the
P
OD
-
SP
WM
an
d
Sym
m
et
rical
switc
hing
sche
m
es,
the
PO
D
-
SP
WM
can
ge
ner
at
e
a
good
qu
al
it
y
of
ou
t
pu
t
cu
rr
e
nt
wa
vefor
m
s
with
a
low
THD
val
ues
as
show
n
i
n
Ta
bl
e
4.
T
he
T
H
D
for
7
a
nd
9
le
vels
are
le
s
s
than
5%
f
or
t
he
POD
-
SP
W
M
.
Th
e
POD
-
S
P
W
M
is
able
t
o
ge
nerat
e
m
or
e
nu
m
ber
of
pulse
s
s
ign
al
s
c
om
pared
to
Sym
m
e
tric
al
P
W
M
S
wi
tc
hin
g
Sign
al
[17]
. As
a res
ult, it
can
reduce t
he
T
H
D value at t
he ou
t
pu
t c
urre
nt.
Table
4: Com
par
iso
n perce
nta
ge of
THD
bet
ween P
OD
-
SP
WM a
nd
Sy
m
m
e
tric
al
PW
M S
witc
hing
Sig
nals
Level
% THD
of
POD
-
P
W
M
,
%
% THD
of
Sy
m
m
et
rical
P
W
M
5
6
.72
1
3
.45
7
4
.24
6
.37
9
3
.72
4
.57
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
stu
dy,
a
com
par
iso
n
betwee
n
P
OD
-
SP
W
M
with
a
sing
le
ca
rr
ie
r
and
Sym
m
et
rical
P
W
M
switc
hing
sc
hem
e
are
pres
ented.
T
he
operati
on
for
t
he
propose
d
conve
rter
has
bee
n
sim
ulated
with
MATLAB/Si
m
ulink.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
switc
hi
ng
sc
hem
es
fo
r
both
te
c
hn
i
ques
are
a
ble
to
pro
du
ce
the
de
sire
d
ou
t
pu
t
c
urren
t
le
vels.
From
t
he
analy
sis
by
increasin
g
the
nu
m
ber
of
out
pu
t
le
ve
ls
of
MC
SI
,
f
ro
m
5
-
le
vel
to
9
-
le
vel,
the
pe
rcen
ta
ge
of
To
ta
l
Har
m
on
ic
Distortio
n
(
TH
D)
ar
e
sig
nificantl
y
red
uc
ed
.
Howe
ver,
the
POD
-
SP
W
M
s
witc
hin
g
te
ch
nique
c
an
giv
e
bette
r
ou
t
pu
t
res
ults
com
par
e
to
the
Sy
m
m
et
rical
P
W
M
te
ch
niqu
e
with
low %
of
TH
D
for
sim
il
a
r
le
vel o
f
outp
ut c
urren
t.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENT
The
a
uthor
s
a
ppreciat
e
fina
nc
ia
l
su
pp
or
t
by
the
U
niv
e
rsity
Tech
no
l
og
y
M
ara
(
UiTM)
thr
ough
gr
a
nt
of 60
0
-
IRMI/D
ANA
5/3
/LES
T
ARI (00
22
/
2016)
.
REFERE
NCE
S
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.
Choi, P.
N.
E
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W
.
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,
“
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l
o
pm
ent
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Equ
iva
l
ent
C
irc
ui
t M
odel
of a
Fue
l Cel
l
to
Eva
lu
at
e
th
e
Ef
f
ec
ts of
Inve
r
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e
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nt
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r
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“
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igh
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e
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put
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n
t â€
TM
s Ripple and
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ll
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ane
n
t M
agne
tic
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y
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ronous Motor
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y
Faul
t Tol
era
nt
Five
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g
e
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e Invert
er
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.
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e
ct
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othi a
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l
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v
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ve
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.
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ct
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.
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rum
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erter To
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es
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e
y
,
”
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ll
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e
ct
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cs
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N.
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r
aj
an
an
d
A.
R
ee
na
,
“
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duct
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itc
hes
and
DC
source
s in
Casc
ade
d
Multi
le
v
el Inve
rt
er,
”
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ll
.
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e
ct
r.
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o
rm
ati
cs
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n
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e, L.
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no
,
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M
.
I
.
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“
Multi
le
ve
l
cur
ren
t
-
sou
rce
inve
r
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r
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FP
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L
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odula
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e
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t
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e
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nt
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ed
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y
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al
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ve
Bridge D
C
–
DC Conve
rt
er
for
a
Fuel
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
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9
,
No.
2
,
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br
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02
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dit
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”
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r
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i
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n
t S
ourc
e
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rte
r
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it
chi
ng
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eg
y
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er
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.
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ct
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rum
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e,
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ro
l
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ul
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urr
ent
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EE Int
.
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Z.
B
ai,
Z
.
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ng
,
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ng
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ner
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t
hre
e
-
phas
e
m
ult
i
le
ve
l
cur
ren
t
source
inve
r
te
r
with
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rr
ie
r
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-
shifte
d
SP
W
M,”
PE
SC
R
e
c.
-
IE
EE A
nnu
.
Powe
r E
le
c
tron. Spec
.
Conf
.
,
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2055
–
2060,
200
7.
[16]
Suros
o
and
T
.
N
oguchi
,
“
New genera
l
iz
ed
m
ult
i
level curre
n
t
-
sourc
e
PW
M i
nver
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