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n J
o
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l o
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lect
rica
l
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ng
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
201
8
,
p
p
.
5
~
11
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
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5
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h
ttp
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s
co
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p
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re
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Art
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I
nfo
AB
ST
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A
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ticle
his
to
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R
ec
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J
u
n
9
,
2
0
1
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2
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2
0
1
7
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cc
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ted
Dec
1
1
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2
0
1
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A
n
e
lec
tri
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a
l
v
e
h
icle
(EV
)
is
a
d
v
a
n
c
in
g
a
s
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
train
s
f
o
r
g
r
e
e
n
tran
sp
o
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o
n
.
T
h
e
DC
–
DC
c
o
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v
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f
o
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a
u
x
il
iar
y
p
o
w
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p
p
ly
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tri
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a
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s
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n
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p
a
p
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r
p
re
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a
n
e
w
to
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2
8
V
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b
u
s
a
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d
t
h
e
5
5
0
h
ig
h
v
o
l
tag
e
DC
b
u
s
(u
se
d
f
o
r
th
e
e
le
c
tri
c
trac
ti
o
n
).
Th
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
is
p
h
a
se
sh
if
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
l
l
b
rid
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter.
Us
in
g
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
e
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
lo
ss
e
s.
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
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l
c
o
n
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rter
a
t
t
w
o
lev
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ls
o
f
v
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lt
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g
e
b
y
o
n
l
y
o
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e
fu
ll
b
ri
d
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
u
sin
g
tw
o
p
lan
a
r
tran
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs
in
h
ig
h
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
th
e
p
rim
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r
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a
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o
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p
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d
in
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
a
n
d
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
a
re
in
se
ries
.
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e
m
in
i
m
iz
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d
th
e
siz
e
a
n
d
th
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
o
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c
o
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h
f
re
q
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e
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y
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d
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tag
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s
in
term
s
o
f
c
o
st,
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
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f
le
x
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il
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y
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a
n
d
in
c
re
a
se
d
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
p
o
s
sib
il
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y
o
f
e
a
s
y
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s rec
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DC
-
DC
C
o
n
v
er
ter
E
lectr
ical
Veh
icle
A
p
p
licatio
n
Hig
h
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
MA
T
L
A
B
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
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e
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rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
G.
Kan
n
a
n
,
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
No
n
-
d
es
tr
u
cti
v
e
E
v
alu
atio
n
,
A
ME
T
Un
i
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s
it
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C
h
en
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ai
-
6
0
3
1
1
2
.
No
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Vo
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p
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s
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an
s
f
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it :
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n
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ar
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tp
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it :
C
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t
i
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i
1.
I
NT
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D
UCT
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Sin
g
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s
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w
ab
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ased
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tp
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f
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i
s
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le
s
s
.
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n
ce
if
m
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r
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th
a
n
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s
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co
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p
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to
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tio
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(
T
HD)
p
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r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
9
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
201
8
:
5
–
11
6
P
ro
ble
m
Descript
io
n
Hig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
an
d
le
v
o
ltag
e
m
is
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
d
c
b
u
s
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d
Fu
el
ce
ll
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
e
lectr
ic
v
eh
icles.B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
er
y
lac
k
o
f
a
n
en
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
ag
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
t
h
ef
u
el
ce
ll,
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
r
elativ
el
y
lar
g
e
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
]
,
I
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
r
a
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
f
u
e
l
ce
ll
to
g
e
n
er
ate
5
5
0
V
DC
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
m
o
t
o
r
s
v
eh
icle,
a
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
o
o
s
t
t
h
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
le
v
elt
h
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
er
ter
to
th
e
d
esire
d
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
[
2
]
.
Ma
n
y
p
ap
er
s
ar
e
p
u
b
lis
h
e
d
in
th
i
s
ar
ea
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a,
a
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ip
p
le
o
f
f
u
el
ce
ll,
m
i
n
i
m
ized
t
h
e
s
ize
a
n
d
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t,
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
ee
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
if
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
[
3
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
th
i
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
a
n
y
f
u
el
ce
lls
,
w
h
ati
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
v
er
t
er
d
escr
ib
es
it
allo
w
s
eli
m
i
n
at
in
g
th
e
r
ip
p
leo
f
t
h
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
f
ee
d
a
s
i
n
g
le
lo
ad
[
4
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
alp
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
f
ee
d
s
a
r
esid
en
ce
w
it
h
elec
tr
ic
alen
er
g
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
f
u
el
ce
ll [
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
n
ee
d
s
m
u
lti
f
u
el
ce
llto
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
ac
v
o
l
tag
e.
T
o
d
ay
;
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
atin
g
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
a
f
u
e
l
ce
ll.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
f
u
el
ce
ll
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
s
b
et
w
e
en
2
0
V
an
d
5
0
V
at
f
u
ll
-
lo
ad
.
W
h
en
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
f
u
el
ce
lls
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
an
i
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
y
w
i
ll
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
ac
g
r
id
lev
el
v
o
ltag
e
s
[
6
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
u
s
ed
to
b
o
o
s
tin
g
v
o
ltag
e,
also
it
r
eg
u
l
ates
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
is
o
lates
t
h
e
lo
w
an
d
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
cir
cu
it
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
d
escr
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th
at
th
e
P
V
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
it
is
a
h
i
g
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
.
Fire
f
l
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
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ted
in
th
i
s
p
ap
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t
h
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al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
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r
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p
o
w
er
[
8
]
.
A
Stu
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y
o
n
3
-
p
h
ase
I
n
ter
leav
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DC
-
D
C
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
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ter
Stru
ctu
r
e
an
d
Op
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atio
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f
o
r
I
n
p
u
t
C
u
r
r
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n
t
Stre
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s
R
ed
u
ctio
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[
9
]
.
Har
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w
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I
m
p
l
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f
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B
ased
B
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to
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n
v
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I
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ter
S
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te
m
[
1
0
]
.
T
r
an
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o
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ad
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ased
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cr
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E
f
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[
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1
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le
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co
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ter
[
1
2
]
.
2.
P
RO
P
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D
SYS
T
E
M
T
o
in
cr
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e
lif
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o
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t
h
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f
u
el
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ll,
it
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a
v
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u
tp
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r
r
en
t
a
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d
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ce
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ip
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e
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o
p
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u
r
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1
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t a
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w
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:
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v
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d
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h
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ase
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o
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g
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ates
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/D
C
co
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w
i
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g
:
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u
r
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1
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g
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a
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Mo
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M
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h
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p
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u
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N
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4752
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o
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er
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d
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Vita
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w
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t n
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ce
s
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RE
F
E
R
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NC
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S
[1
]
Ag
u
s
P
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rw
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ra
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ia
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m
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2
0
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3
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Re
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Ye
a
r:
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0
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6
[2
]
Zh
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,
2
0
1
6
,
Hig
h
-
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re
q
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e
n
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y
DC
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DC
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o
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v
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rter
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tri
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v
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h
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se
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o
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G
a
N
tran
sisto
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En
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rg
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Exp
o
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Ye
a
r:
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0
1
6
[3
]
Djil
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Ha
m
z
a
;
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a
ji
d
P
a
h
lev
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n
in
e
z
h
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d
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2
0
1
4
,
In
teg
ra
ted
c
a
p
a
c
it
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m
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le
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Exp
o
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Ye
a
r:
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0
1
4
[4
]
M
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lev
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d
;
Djil
a
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Ha
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ish
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rv
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;
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li
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k
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sh
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i;
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in
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ted
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su
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p
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le
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q
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tra
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sfo
rm
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rs
in
h
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g
h
p
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r
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DC
c
o
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v
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h
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ra
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Ja
in
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2
0
1
2
-
3
8
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
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f
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re
n
c
e
o
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IE
EE
I
n
d
u
strial
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
Ye
a
r:
2
0
1
2
[5
]
M
a
h
m
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d
M
.
A
m
in
;
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a
m
a
A
.
M
o
h
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m
m
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d
,
2
0
1
1
,
A
th
re
e
-
p
h
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se
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f
re
q
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m
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c
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tt
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rg
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rid
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v
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Ex
p
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siti
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Ye
a
r:
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0
1
1
[6
]
S
h
ish
u
o
Zh
a
o
;
Qia
n
g
L
i;
F
re
d
C
.
L
e
e
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2017
,
Hig
h
fre
q
u
e
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tra
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sfo
rm
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r
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sig
n
fo
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m
o
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la
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p
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r
c
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v
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fro
m
me
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iu
m
v
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lt
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g
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AC
to
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V
DC
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IEE
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Ap
p
l
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Po
we
r
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e
c
tro
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Co
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fer
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n
c
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a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
(
AP
EC)
Ye
a
r:
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
Ba
v
it
ra
,
K.,
S
in
th
u
ja,
S
.
,
M
a
n
o
h
a
ra
n
,
N.
a
n
d
Ra
jes
h
,
S
.
,
2
0
1
5
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
re
n
e
wa
b
le
P
V
i
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
In
d
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
8
(
1
4
)
.
[8
]
Ka
n
n
a
n
,
G
.
,
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
D.P
.
a
n
d
S
h
a
n
k
a
r,
R.
U.,
2
0
1
5
.
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
f
iref
l
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
In
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Ren
e
w
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(p
p
.
8
3
-
9
0
).
S
p
rin
g
e
r
In
d
ia.
[9
]
Ha
ri
m
o
n
,
M
.
A
.
,
P
o
n
n
iran
,
A
.
,
Ka
sira
n
,
A
.
N.,
&
Ha
m
z
a
h
,
H.
H.
(2
0
1
7
).
A
S
tu
d
y
o
n
3
-
p
h
a
se
In
ter
lea
v
e
d
D
C
-
DC
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
S
tr
u
c
tu
re
a
n
d
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
In
p
u
t
Cu
rre
n
t
S
tr
e
ss
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
8
(4
)
.
[1
0
]
Ja
s
m
in
e
,
D.,
&
G
o
p
in
a
th
,
M
.
(2
0
1
6
).
Ha
rd
w
a
re
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
o
lar Bas
e
d
Bo
o
st t
o
S
E
P
IC
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
F
e
d
Nin
e
L
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter S
y
ste
m
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
7
(4
)
.
[1
1
]
S
u
ji
t
h
a
,
C.
,
Ra
v
i,
S
.
,
Dia
rra
,
B.
,
&
Ch
u
m
a
,
J.
(2
0
1
6
)
.
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
r
L
e
ss
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Qu
a
d
ru
p
ler
Ba
se
d
DC
-
D
C
Co
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Co
u
p
led
In
d
u
c
to
r
a
n
d
P
I
F
il
ter
f
o
r
I
n
c
re
a
s
e
d
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ga
in
a
n
d
Eff
icie
n
c
y
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
7
(4
).
[1
2
]
Din
e
sh
,
B.
,
Ja
iv
in
a
y
a
g
a
m
,
M
.
,
U
d
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r,
M
.
,
&
S
y
e
d
is
m
a
il
,
S
.
S
OLA
R
PHOTOVOL
T
AIC
AR
RA
Y
FE
D
W
AT
ER
PUM
P
RIV
EN
BY
BR
US
HLE
S
S
DC M
OTOR
US
ING KY
CONVE
RT
ER
.
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