Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1167~
1174
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1167
-
1174
1167
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Compari
son betw
ee
n P
I, PR+HC
, a
nd
modified PR+
HC
current
cont
rolle
r in inv
erter
syst
em
S.
S
alimi
n
1
,
M.
Ar
mstr
ong
2
, S.
A.
Ju
m
aat
3
,
R
.
H
amdan
4
1
,3,4
Gree
n
and
Su
stai
nable Energ
y
Focus Group (G
SEnerg
y
)
,
Un
ivers
it
i Tun
Hus
sei
n
Onn Mal
a
y
si
a (UTHM
)
,
Malays
ia
2
School
of Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
Newc
as
tl
e
Univer
sit
y
,
U
nit
ed
Kingdom
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
25
, 201
8
Re
vised Dec
6
,
2018
Accepte
d
Dec
15
, 201
8
Thi
s
pap
er
pr
e
sents
the
compari
son
be
twee
n
proporti
on
al
i
nte
gra
l
(PI)
cur
ren
t
con
troll
er,
proport
iona
l
resona
nce
an
d
har
m
onic
c
om
pensa
tor
(PR+HC)
cur
ren
t
cont
ro
ller
and
m
odifi
ed
PR
+HC
cur
ren
t
con
tr
oll
er
in
th
e
inve
rt
er
s
y
st
em.
Pow
er
el
e
ct
ro
n
ic
components
li
ke
inve
r
te
r
and
cur
r
ent
cont
roller
uses
in
the
sy
st
em
produc
e
unwante
d
har
m
onic
s
tha
t
aff
ec
t
th
e
qual
ity
of
distr
ibut
ion
power
net
work.
In
this
study
,
develo
pm
ent
and
sim
ula
ti
on
of
cu
rre
nt
con
trol
l
er
u
sing
conve
nt
ion
al
proport
iona
l
i
nte
gra
l
(PI),
the
sel
ec
t
ive
h
armonic
compe
nsati
on
sche
m
e
(PR+HC),
an
d
m
odifi
ed
ver
sion
of
the
la
t
te
r
are
conside
r
e
d
so
to
ov
erc
om
e
th
ese
har
m
oni
c
s
inj
e
ct
ion
.
Modific
a
ti
on
is
b
y
addi
ng
cont
r
ol
par
amete
r
r
an
dom
isat
ion
tech
nique
to
th
e
PR
+HC
sche
m
e.
Result
s
compare
the
thr
ee
contr
oll
ers
and
prove
d
tha
t
with
m
odifi
ca
t
ion
to
the
select
iv
e
har
m
onic
compe
nsati
on
sche
m
e,
the
over
a
ll
cur
ren
t
THD can
be
r
educed.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Current c
ontrol
le
r
Har
m
on
ic
s
Inver
te
r
syst
e
m
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Su
ria
na Sal
i
m
i
n,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
an
d El
ect
ronic E
ng
i
neeri
ng
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i T
un
Hu
s
sei
n O
nn
Ma
la
ysi
a,
Parit R
aja, B
at
u
Pa
hat,
Joh
or
,
Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
su
riana
@u
t
hm
.ed
u.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Gr
i
d
co
nnect
io
n
usual
ly
us
in
g
in
ver
te
r
beca
us
e
s
upply
ene
rg
y
f
or
gri
d
-
co
nn
ect
io
n
a
re
got
from
DC.
As
we
know,
our
hous
e
or
ot
he
rs
reside
ntial
us
e
d
AC
sup
ply.
So
inv
e
rter
will
change
th
e
su
pply
from
DC
to
AC
[
1
]
.
T
he
m
os
t
sign
ific
ant
disc
us
sio
n
i
n
a
ny
gri
d
c
onnecte
d
syst
e
m
is
the
cu
rr
e
nt
or
vo
lt
a
ge
har
m
on
ic
inj
ect
io
ns
.
Harm
on
ic
in
gen
e
ral
view
is
un
wan
te
d
volt
ag
e
or
c
urren
t
w
her
e
in
t
his
ca
se
occurri
ng
in
power
netw
ork.
It
ha
pp
e
ns
at
i
nteg
er
m
ulti
p
le
s
of
fun
dam
ental
fr
eq
ue
ncy
.
When
this
har
m
onic
is
ad
de
d
w
it
h
the
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
f
undam
ental
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
disto
rted
c
urren
t
or
volt
age
wavef
orm
is
produce
d.
Ha
rm
on
ic
em
i
ssio
n
is
no
t
only
depends
on
the
ch
aracte
risti
cs
of
the
syst
e
m
,
bu
t
al
so
de
pends
on
t
he
locat
io
n
of
P
V
instal
la
ti
on
a
s
well
as
pe
rform
ance
of
i
nverter
use
d
[
2,
3
].
Im
pacts
of
har
m
on
ic
c
urren
ts
acc
ord
ing
to
[
4
-
7
]
inclu
de
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
interfe
rence
,
h
eat
ing
pro
bl
e
m
s
that
le
a
d
to
ov
e
r
-
c
ur
ren
t,
ins
ulati
on
br
ea
kdow
n,
cable
corrosi
on
–
due
to
‘s
kin
e
ff
ec
ts’
of
co
pper
,
s
olid
sta
te
de
vi
ce
m
al
fu
nctio
ns
a
nd
v
oltage
distor
ti
on
t
hat
will
reduce
reli
abili
ty
elec
tric
al
an
d
el
ect
r
on
ic
syst
e
m
s
.
H
asm
uk
h
S.
Pa
te
l
and
Ri
chard
G.H
of
t
[
8
]
ha
s
propose
d
a
te
chn
iq
ue
of
ha
rm
on
ic
el
i
m
i
nation
in
the
m
id
19
73.
It
was
in
the
half
bri
dge
as
well
as
the
fu
ll
br
i
dge
ou
tp
ut
wa
vefor
m
s.
Both
outpu
t
wa
ve
form
s
were
then
sam
pled
for
X
ti
m
es
in
on
e
half
cy
cl
e.
The
n,
X
e
quat
ion
was
t
he
n
f
ound
by
a
f
ew
de
rivati
on
sta
ges
wh
ic
h
can
be
r
esolve
d
bette
r
by
us
in
g
a
nu
m
erical
te
chn
iqu
e
.
Algo
rith
m
was
dev
el
op
ed
an
d
i
m
ple
m
ented
on
the
com
pu
te
r.
As
a
res
ult,
sol
ution
s
f
or
el
im
inati
ng
the
5t
h,
7th,
11th
,
13
t
h,
an
d
17t
h
wer
e
f
ound.
Seve
ral
pap
e
rs
ha
ve
a
lso
stud
ie
d
on
con
tr
oller
m
e
thod
su
c
h
as
PR
and
m
od
if
ie
d
PR
con
tr
ol
te
chn
iqu
e
[
9
-
1
2
]
.
Im
pr
ov
em
ent
in
te
rm
s
of
th
e
curre
nt
TH
D
is
obta
ine
d.
PR
co
ntr
oller
is
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
e
m
plo
ye
d
in
th
e
sta
ti
on
ary
re
fere
nce
f
ram
e
of
a
three
ph
a
se
gri
d
c
onnected
s
yst
e
m
.
Fo
r
the
adv
a
ntage
s,
P
R
con
tr
ollers
i
nclu
de
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1167
–
1174
1168
the
abili
ty
to
eli
m
inate
ste
ady
sta
te
err
ors
w
he
n
tracki
ng
A
C
sign
al
s
by
ge
ne
rati
ng
a
n
infi
ni
te
gain
at
a
kn
own
resona
n
t
f
requ
ency
of
t
he
si
gn
al
c
ontr
ol.
Be
sides
that
P
R
co
ntro
ll
er
a
lso
highly
at
te
nu
at
e
d
gain
at
oth
e
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
s
uc
h
as
the
ha
rm
on
ic
f
re
qu
e
nci
es
[1
3
]
.
The
i
nfi
nite
gain
int
r
oduce
d
by
PR
con
t
ro
ll
er
le
ad
s
to
an
infin
it
e
qual
it
y
factor
w
hich
i
s
hard
to
be
ac
hi
eve
d
in
a
nalog
or
dig
it
al
s
yst
e
m
s
[1
4
]
.
T
hen,
in
th
e
st
udy
by
R.Teo
doresc
u
et
.al
[
15
]
,
a
c
on
t
ro
l
str
uctu
r
e
was
co
nduct
ed
in
or
der
to
m
itigate
hig
h
har
m
on
ic
distor
ti
on
pro
blem
s
arise
from
i
m
per
fect
com
pen
sat
ion
act
ion
of
gr
i
d
volt
age
f
eed
f
orwa
rd
P
I
co
ntr
ol.
T
hi
s
ne
w
structu
re
us
e
s
a
P+Re
so
na
nt
(P
R)
con
t
ro
l
le
r
to
con
tr
ol
the
fun
dam
ent
al
cur
re
n
t
and
sever
al
ge
neral
iz
ed
integrat
or
s
in
a
har
m
on
ic
com
pensat
or
(
HC)
for
TH
D
le
vel
reducti
on
pur
poses.
T
he
inter
est
har
m
on
ic
s
are
in
the
3rd
,
5th
,
a
nd
7t
h
com
pone
nt.
Ob
se
r
vation
f
ro
m
the
Bod
e
grap
h
for
PR
+
HC
s
ho
ws
a
pea
k
ga
in
exists
at
the
interest
ha
r
m
o
nics
fr
eq
ue
ncies
w
her
e
t
hi
s
gain
can
not
be
f
ound
in
th
e
PR
gr
a
ph.
I
nt
eresti
ng
ly
,
co
ntr
oller
dynam
ic
re
m
a
ins
uncha
nged
and
this
is
bein
g
the
key
po
int
to
c
om
pen
sat
e
the
sel
ect
ive
harm
on
ic
com
po
ne
nts.
T
est
s
to
com
par
e
the
sp
ect
ru
m
fo
r
P
I,
PR
an
d
the
pro
pose
d
struct
ur
e
,
PR
+
HC,
wer
e
done.
Re
su
lt
s sho
w m
uch
i
m
pr
ove
m
ent in th
e
int
erested
ha
rm
on
ic
s o
r
de
r
a
nd the T
H
D
le
vel i
s also dec
rease
d
.
In
t
his
resea
rc
h,
the
posit
iv
e
feature
s
of
sel
ect
ive
har
m
on
ic
c
om
pen
s
at
ion
sc
hem
e;
wh
ic
h
ca
n
com
pen
sat
e
the
low
orde
r
ha
rm
on
ic
s
of
pa
r
ti
cularly
the
3rd,
5t
h,
a
nd
7th,
and
t
he
ra
ndom
sign
al
inj
e
ct
ion
;
wh
ic
h
can
reduced
t
he
ha
rm
on
ic
m
agn
it
ude
of
the
9th
t
o
17t
h
orders
are
us
e
d
to
ge
ther
in
the
c
urren
t
con
t
ro
ll
er
syst
e
m
.
The
com
bin
ing
m
et
ho
ds
are
pro
pose
d
in
orde
r
to
r
ed
uce
the
har
m
on
ic
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
th
e
low
or
der
ha
r
m
on
ic
s
sp
ect
ru
m
between
the
3rd
a
nd
19th
of
the
in
ver
te
r
syst
em
.
All
three
co
ntr
oller
te
chn
iq
ues
a
re
com
par
ed base
d on the
TH
D ob
ta
ine
d.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
In
the
sim
ulatio
n,
the
P
I
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
is
m
od
el
le
d
as
i
n
Fi
gur
e
1.
T
he
ou
t
put
current
from
the
in
ver
te
r
that
has
bee
n
m
easur
ed
will
be
the
in
pu
t
of
the
c
urre
nt
con
t
ro
ll
er.
It
is
then
c
om
par
ed
with
th
e
re
fer
e
nce
current
sig
nal
and
t
he
co
ntr
ol
pr
oce
ss
be
gi
ns
.
F
or
P
W
M
switc
hing
pu
rposes,
t
his
co
ntro
ll
er
ou
t
pu
t
will
be
com
par
ed wit
h a t
rian
gula
r w
ave si
gn
al
.
Figure
1. Co
nventional
PI cu
r
ren
t c
ontrolle
r
dig
it
al
m
od
el
PI
c
urre
nt
co
nt
ro
ll
er
t
ran
s
fer
f
un
ct
io
n
i
n
disc
rete
dom
ai
n
is
as
in
1.
is
pro
portio
nal
gai
n
and
is
integral
gain
.
(
)
=
+
1
−
−
1
(1)
Howe
ver,
it
is
dif
fer
e
nt
wi
th
the
sec
ond
co
ntro
l
te
c
hniqu
e.
This
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
re
du
c
e
an
d
nea
rly
el
i
m
inate
any
har
m
on
ic
orde
r
of
t
he
c
ho
ic
e;
e.g
.:
t
he
3rd,
5th,
7th
,
9t
h,
a
nd
el
se.
T
he
PR+
HC
c
urre
nt
con
t
ro
ll
er t
rans
fer
f
un
ct
io
n ba
sed o
n
[
1
4
]
is
def
i
ned as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Compari
son
be
tw
een PI, PR
+
HC, and
m
od
if
ie
d
PR
+H
C
cu
rrent c
on
tr
oller i
n
i
nverter sy
ste
m
(
S. Sali
mi
n)
1169
+
(
)
=
+
2
+
2
+
∑
2
+
(
ℎ
)
2
ℎ
=
3
,
5
,
7
(2)
The
as
so
ci
at
ed
d
isc
rete t
ran
s
f
er
f
unct
ion o
f
t
he
PR+
HC acc
ordin
g
t
o
[
10
]
,
[
11]
is:
+
(
)
=
+
2
[
2
+
1
+
2
2
+
1
+
2
]
+
∑
ℎ
(
ℎ
)
2
[
2
+
1
+
2
2
+
1
+
2
]
ℎ
=
3
,
5
,
7
(3)
T is the
sam
pli
ng tim
e and o
t
her
s
are
as
fo
ll
ow
s
,
∘
=
0
1
=
ℎ
∘
sin
(
ℎ
∘
)
2
=
−
1
1
=
−
2
cos
(
ℎ
∘
)
2
=
1
Figure
2
is
the PR+HC
c
on
tr
ol
le
r
m
od
el
use
d
in
t
he
sim
ulati
on
.
Ba
se
d
on the
fig
ure
s
hown,
the
re
are
five
gai
ns
that
need
t
o
be
tu
ne
d
so
t
hat
el
i
m
inati
on
or
redu
ct
ion
in
the
3rd,
5th
,
a
nd
7th
har
m
on
ic
ord
ers
ca
n
be
ac
hieve
d.
Figure
2. Mo
de
l of PR+HC
c
on
t
ro
l t
ec
hn
i
que u
se
d
i
n
sim
ul
at
ion
This
pro
j
ect
pr
opos
e
so
m
e
m
od
i
ficat
ion
of
the
PR+
HC
c
ontr
ol
m
et
ho
d.
Her
e
,
rat
her
th
an
us
in
g
a
fixe
d
gain
,
a
pro
portio
nal
si
gnal
that
va
ries
rand
om
l
y
is
use
d
for
the
co
nt
ro
ll
er
by
ad
ding
a
ra
ndo
m
sig
nal
gen
e
rato
r fr
om M
at
la
b
Sim
uli
nk to
olbox.
It is ex
plaine
d
in
the
nex
t
sect
ion.
3.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
AND DIS
C
USSION
3.1.
PI Con
tro
l
Techni
que
The
gain
f
or
th
e
con
t
ro
ll
er
a
re
tun
e
d
usi
ng
th
e
tria
l
and
e
rro
r
m
et
ho
d
unti
l
the
lowe
st
gr
i
d
current
is
achieve
d.
F
or
this
pro
j
ect
,
t
he
gai
ns
set
are
0.1
1
for
a
nd
0.17
f
or
.
Af
te
r
t
he
m
od
el
is
r
un
for
so
m
e
tim
e,
the
FFT
a
naly
sis
is
then
done
and
recor
ded
.
GUI
:
FF
T
a
na
ly
sis
is
us
ed
to
capture
an
d
m
easur
e
t
he
ha
r
m
on
ic
orders
.
10
cy
cl
es
of
wa
vefo
r
m
has
been
ta
ken
as
sam
ple
and
t
he
lo
w
or
der
ha
rm
on
ic
prof
il
e
of
the
inv
e
rter
ou
t
pu
t c
urre
nt
is t
hen tran
sfe
r
red to e
xcel as
il
lustrate
d
in
Fi
gure
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1167
–
1174
1170
Figure
3. I
nv
e
r
te
r
outp
ut c
urr
ent h
a
rm
on
ic
profil
es w
it
h PI
current c
ontr
oller
Ba
sed
on
Fig
ure
3,
it
can
be
seen
t
hat
the
i
nverter
outp
ut
c
urren
t
s
how
s
a
TH
D
of
0.4
5
%,
with
hi
gh
har
m
on
ic
s
ap
pe
ar
betwee
n
th
e
3
rd
an
d
17
th
orde
r.
T
he
val
ue
of
the
3
rd
ha
r
m
on
ic
or
de
r
is
appr
ox
im
at
ely
0.015
and
t
he
val
ue
of
t
he
5
th
a
nd
t
he
7t
h
ha
rm
onic
order
is
a
pproxim
at
e
ly
0.
02.
T
hese
th
ree
low
order
ha
r
m
on
ic
s
are
the
prom
inent
har
m
on
ic
s
wh
ic
h
are
the
f
ocus
to
be
el
im
inate
d
in
this
researc
h
w
ork
.
A
bi
gg
e
r
nu
m
ber
of
har
m
on
ic
ord
e
r
s af
te
r
the 20
th
is seen to
bec
om
e less severe. This is
m
ai
nly
b
ecause
of
t
he
cu
tof
f
f
reque
nc
y of
the lo
w pas
s
filt
er.
3.2.
PR+H
C C
on
t
rol Tec
hniq
ue
Ne
xt,
instea
d
of
us
i
ng
the
PI
m
et
ho
d,
the
PR+HC
co
ntrol
m
e
tho
d
is
use
d.
I
n
orde
r
to
ensure
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
this
PR+HC
con
t
ro
l
te
ch
nique,
the
first
thr
ee
gains;
,
and
3
are
set
to
a
certai
n
val
ue
and
t
he
la
st
tw
o
gai
ns
;
5
a
nd
7
are
s
et
to
0.
Aft
er
tria
l
a
nd
er
r
or,
is
set
t
o
0.
29,
is
set
to
4000
a
nd
3
is
set
t
o
80
.
A
fter
t
he
m
od
el
is
r
un,
us
in
g
t
he
sam
e
m
et
ho
d
as
befo
re,
the
har
m
on
ic
pro
file
of
the
in
ver
t
er
ou
t
pu
t c
urre
nt
is ex
ported
a
nd
r
ec
orded in e
xc
el
. Th
is i
s
in
di
cat
es as in
Fi
gure
4
.
Fig
ure
4
.
I
nv
e
r
te
r
outp
ut c
urr
ent h
a
rm
on
ic
profil
es
with
PR
+HC c
on
tr
oller
(
wit
h
the
3rd
order ha
rm
on
ic
com
pen
sat
ion
al
on
e:
T
H
D
=
0.43%)
Fr
om
F
igure
4
,
it
ca
n
be
no
ti
ced
that
t
he
3rd
har
m
on
ic
ord
er
has
bee
n
re
duce
d
a
nd
nea
rly
el
i
m
inate
d.
T
hi
s
cl
early
sh
ows
an
d
pr
ov
es
that
by
us
in
g
the
PR+HC
con
t
ro
l
te
ch
nique,
wit
h
just
the
3rd
har
m
on
ic
com
pensat
ion
us
ed
,
the
har
m
on
ic
prof
il
e
of
the
inv
e
rter
outp
ut
cur
re
nt
is
i
m
p
rove
d.
F
ur
the
r
m
or
e,
it
can
al
so
be
s
een
that
the
ot
her
har
m
on
ic
orders
are
al
s
o
sli
gh
tl
y
reduc
ed.
T
he
ov
e
rall
THD
of
the
in
ver
te
r
ou
t
pu
t
c
urren
t
is
m
easur
ed
to
be
0.43
%
wh
ic
h
is
a
re
du
ct
io
n
by
0.02%.
Alth
ough
it
see
m
s
s
m
al
l,
the
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
of
the
lo
w
ord
er
ha
rm
on
ic
pro
f
il
e
as
in
fi
gure
above
sho
uld
not
be
aba
ndone
d
a
nd
nee
ds
f
urt
he
r
work
w
hich
is
discusse
d
ne
xt.
Fo
ll
owin
g
tha
t,
the
sam
e
m
o
del
is
run
a
gain
us
i
ng
t
he
sa
m
e
value
f
or
and
bu
t
this
ti
m
e
5
is
set
to
80
an
d
3
and
7
are
set
t
o
0.
T
his
is
the
n
fo
ll
owe
d
by
usi
ng
the
sam
e
and
once
agai
n,
7
is
set
t
o
80
a
nd
3
a
nd
5
are
set
to
0.
The
harm
on
ic
prof
il
es
of
t
he
in
ver
te
r
outp
ut
current
f
or
both stat
e are
r
ec
orde
d
a
nd s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
5(
a
)
a
nd
5
(b).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Compari
son
be
tw
een PI, PR
+
HC, and
m
od
if
ie
d
PR
+H
C
cu
rrent c
on
tr
oller i
n
i
nverter sy
ste
m
(
S. Sali
mi
n)
1171
(a)
with the
5
t
h
order ha
rm
on
ic
c
om
pen
sat
ion al
on
e
( TH
D
=
0.43%
)
(b) wit
h
the
7
t
h order
h
a
rm
on
ic
co
m
pen
sat
i
on alo
ne ( T
H
D
=
0.4
3% )
Fig
ure
5.
I
nv
e
r
te
r
outp
ut c
urr
ent h
a
rm
on
ic
profil
es w
it
h PR
+HC c
urren
t c
on
t
ro
ll
er
Ba
sed
on
the
har
m
on
ic
pro
file
s
show
n
a
bove,
the
c
orr
esp
onde
nce
ha
rm
on
ic
orde
rs
are
near
ly
el
i
m
inate
d
with
the
PR+HC
con
t
ro
l
te
ch
nique.
Com
par
ed
to
the
THD
of
inv
e
rter
outp
ut
cur
re
nt
us
in
g
the
PI
current
co
ntr
oller
w
hich
is
0.4
5%,
the
TH
D
m
easur
e
d
w
hen
usi
n
g
the
PR+HC
c
on
t
r
ol
te
ch
nique
i
s
al
so
i
m
pr
oved
to
0.43%
w
hen
t
he
5th
an
d
7th
or
der
har
m
on
ic
c
om
pen
sat
or
is
us
e
d
ind
e
pe
ndently
.
These
prov
e
d
that
the
PR+H
C
con
tr
ol
te
ch
nique
w
orks
e
ff
ic
ie
ntly
in
order
to
reduce
and
im
pr
ove
the
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
the
sel
ect
ed
ha
rm
on
ic
or
der
of int
erest.
Figure
6
dem
on
st
rates
the
har
m
on
ic
pro
f
il
e
of
furthe
r
si
m
ulati
on
of
the
inv
e
rter
outp
ut
curre
nt.
This
is
when
a
ll
three
har
m
on
ic
com
pen
sat
or
s;
the
3rd,
5th
an
d
7t
h
are
us
e
d
tog
et
her
i
n
the
PR+HC
current
con
t
ro
ll
er.
T
ab
le
1
pr
ese
nts
the
val
ue
of
th
e
con
tr
oller
pa
ram
et
ers.
These
values
are
t
he
sa
m
e
gain
va
lues
us
e
d
w
he
n
t
he c
on
t
ro
ll
er is
workin
g
i
nd
i
viduall
y wh
ic
h
is
ob
ta
ine
d by tri
al
an
d er
ror
m
et
hod.
Figure
6. I
nv
e
r
te
r
outp
ut c
urr
ent h
a
rm
on
ic
profil
es w
it
h PR
+HC c
urren
t c
on
t
ro
ll
er
(
with
the 3r
d,
5th, a
nd
7th
order ha
rm
on
ic
co
m
pen
sat
ors)
Fr
om
Table
1
,
it
is
app
a
ren
t
that
the
3rd,
5th
a
nd
7t
h
ha
rm
on
ic
orders
are
sig
nificantl
y
reduced
.
In
te
re
sti
ng
ly
,
the
T
H
D
when
us
i
ng
this
PR
+HC
c
urren
t
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
with
the
th
ree
ha
rm
on
ic
com
pen
sa
tors
is
ob
s
er
ved
t
o
be
reduced
fro
m
0.
45%
to
0.4
1%
w
he
n
c
om
par
ed
with
us
in
g
the
co
nv
e
ntio
nal
PI
curren
t
con
t
ro
ll
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1167
–
1174
1172
Table
1.
PR+H
C C
on
t
ro
ll
er
P
aram
et
er V
al
ue
s
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
Prop
o
rtion
al gain
,
Kp
0
.29
Res
o
n
an
t gain
,
Kr
4000
3
rd
o
rder har
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
sato
r
gain
,
Kc3
80
5
th
o
rder ha
r
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
sato
r
gain
,
Kc5
80
7
th
o
rder ha
r
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
sato
r
gain
,
Kc7
80
3.3.
Modifie
d P
R+
HC C
on
tr
ol T
echnique
The
fo
ll
owin
g
si
m
ulati
on
is
r
un
us
i
ng
the
sa
m
e
m
od
el
but
a
sli
gh
tl
y
dif
fe
ren
t
c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
te
ch
nique
.
In
ste
a
d
of
us
in
g
the
sel
ect
ive
har
m
on
ic
co
m
pen
sat
ion
te
chn
i
qu
e
as
befo
re,
a
m
od
ific
at
ion
of
the
co
nt
ro
ll
er
par
am
et
er
is
m
a
de
to
t
he
pro
portio
nal
gai
n.
This
ti
m
e,
a
ran
dom
sign
al
,
i
s
ad
ded
t
o
the
fixe
d
pro
portio
nal
gain
a
nd
becom
e
a
new
ly
ran
dom
pr
oport
ion
al
sig
nal
f
or
the
con
t
ro
ll
er
process
.
This
i
s
seen
in
Fig
ur
e
7
an
d
Figure
8
is a
n exam
ple o
f
t
he
r
a
ndom
sign
al
.
F
igure
7.
M
od
el
o
f
m
od
ifie
d PR+
HC tech
ni
qu
e
use
d i
n
t
he
sim
ulatio
n
Figure
8. Exa
m
ple o
f
the
ra
ndom
sign
al
,
Rp
Af
te
r
the
sim
u
la
ti
on
of
t
he
m
od
ifie
d
co
ntr
ol
te
ch
nique
is
r
un,
F
FT
a
nal
ysi
s
of
the
i
nv
erter
outp
ut
current
is
onc
e
again
capt
ured
an
d
tran
sfe
rr
e
d
us
i
ng
E
xc
el
.
Re
su
lt
can
be
obser
ve
d
in
Fig
ure
9.
F
r
om
the
fig
ur
e,
so
m
e
add
it
io
n
a
nd
ca
ncell
at
ion
ha
ve
occ
urred
to
the
cu
rr
e
nt
ha
rm
on
ic
pro
file
as
the
e
ff
e
ct
of
t
he
rand
om
l
y
var
yi
ng
propo
rtiona
l
gain.
M
os
t
im
po
rtantl
y,
this
add
it
io
n
a
nd
cancel
la
ti
on
ha
ve
f
ur
t
her
reduce
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Compari
son
be
tw
een PI, PR
+
HC, and
m
od
if
ie
d
PR
+H
C
cu
rrent c
on
tr
oller i
n
i
nverter sy
ste
m
(
S. Sali
mi
n)
1173
the
gr
i
d
curre
nt
THD
from
0.
41%
to
0.3
6%.
This
is
a
go
od
resu
lt
wh
e
re
it
cl
early
pr
ov
e
s
and
sho
ws
tha
t
the
m
od
ifie
d
PR+
HC
co
ntr
ol
sc
hem
e
can
be
co
ns
ide
red
as
a
c
urren
t
c
ontr
oller
in
i
nv
e
rter
s
yst
e
m
wh
et
her
sing
le
or p
a
rall
el
con
nected.
Figure
9. I
nv
e
r
te
r
outp
ut c
urr
ent h
a
rm
on
ic
profil
es w
it
h an
d wit
hout
in P
R+
HC contr
oller
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
ha
s
prese
nted
the
c
om
par
iso
n
betwee
n
pr
oport
ion
al
i
nt
egr
al
c
urre
nt
co
ntr
oller,
pro
portion
al
r
eso
nan
t
an
d
ha
rm
on
ic
com
p
ensati
on
cu
rr
e
nt
con
t
ro
ll
er
a
nd
the
m
od
ifi
cat
ion
to
the
seco
nd
current
co
ntr
oller
in
i
nverter
s
yst
e
m
.
Fr
om
the
la
st
res
ult
,
it
can
be
easi
ly
observe
d
t
hat
re
du
ct
io
n
of h
ar
m
on
ic
m
agn
it
ud
e
s
is
occurre
d
w
he
n
us
i
ng
the
har
m
on
ic
com
pensat
ion
a
nd
m
od
ifie
d
ha
r
m
on
ic
co
m
pen
sat
io
n
te
chn
iq
ue.
When
a
ra
ndom
sign
al
is
a
dde
d
to
t
he
pro
portion
al
gain
of
har
m
on
ic
c
ompen
sat
ion
te
ch
nique
,
there
e
xists
a
rand
om
interact
ion
in
t
he
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
proce
ss
an
d
af
fecte
d
the
ha
rm
on
ic
m
agn
it
ud
e
pro
file
.
The
m
os
t
esse
ntial
thing
to
r
ecognize
is
t
he
overall
gr
id
THD
w
he
re
it
decr
ease
s
f
r
om
0.4
5%
to
0.4
1%
to
0.36%.
T
his
sim
ula
ti
on
re
su
lt
is
an
im
po
rtant
val
ue
a
nd
a
m
assive
ste
p
i
n
order
to
te
st
the
te
ch
nique
i
n
the
pr
act
ic
al
h
a
r
dware
f
or v
al
ida
ti
on
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENT
The
aut
hors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
ackno
wled
ge
the
Re
search
Ma
nag
em
ent
Ce
nter
(RMC
),
U
ni
ver
sit
i
Tu
n
Hu
s
sei
n
O
nn
Ma
ly
sia
(U
TH
M),
Ba
tu
Paha
t,
Jo
hor
,
Ma
la
ysi
a
fo
r
the
f
inancial
suppo
rt
fo
r
this
res
earch
.
This
researc
h
i
s p
a
rtly
b
y R
MC
und
e
r
the
H1
57 (
Tie
r 1)
G
ra
nt.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
N.
Bia
nchi
and
M.
Dai
Pre,
“
Acti
v
e
power
fil
t
er
cont
rol
using
neur
al
ne
twork
te
chnol
og
ie
s,
”
IEE
Proce
edi
ng
s
-
El
e
ct
ri
c
Pow
er Appl.
,
vol. 150,
no.
2
,
pp
.
139
–
1
45,
2003
.
[2]
J.
Schla
bba
ch,
e
t
al.
,
“
Influ
ence
of
Harm
onic
S
y
stem
Volta
ges
o
n
the
Harm
onic
Curre
nt
Emiss
io
n
of
Photovolt
a
i
c
Inve
rte
rs,
”
Power
Engi
nee
ring,
E
nergy
and
El
e
ctr
ic
al
Dr
iv
es,
20
07.
POWE
R
EN
G
2007.
Inte
rnat
ional
Confe
ren
c
e
on
,
pp
.
545
-
550
,
2007.
[3]
G.
Chicco,
et
a
l.
,
“
Chara
c
te
risa
ti
on
and
assess
m
ent
of
the
har
m
onic
emiss
ion
of
grid
-
conn
ecte
d
photovo
lt
a
i
c
s
y
stems
,
”
Powe
r
Tech, 2005 IEEE
Russia
,
pp.
1
-
7
,
2005
.
[4]
M.
Armstrong,
et
al.
,
“
Low
orde
r
har
m
onic
ca
n
ce
l
la
t
ion
in
a
gri
d
conne
cted
m
ult
ipl
e
inv
erter
s
y
stem
via
cur
ren
t
cont
rol
par
ameter ra
ndom
izati
on
,
”
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vol. 2
0,
pp
.
885
-
892
,
2005.
[5]
J.
S.
Subjak
and
J.
S.
McQuilkin,
“
Harm
onic
s
-
ca
uses,
eff
ec
ts
,
m
ea
surem
ent
s,
a
nd
ana
l
y
sis:
an
updat
e
,
”
Industr
y
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons,
IE
EE
Tr
ans
act
ions
on
,
vol. 26, pp.
1034
-
1042,
199
0.
[6]
V.
E.
W
agne
r,
e
t
al.
,
“
Eff
ects
of
har
m
onic
s
on
equi
pm
ent
,
”
Pow
e
r
Deli
ve
ry,
I
EE
E
Tr
an
sacti
ons
on
,
vol.
8,
pp.
672
-
680,
1993
.
[7]
D.
G.
Infie
ld,
e
t
al.
,
“
Pow
er
qual
ity
from
m
ult
ipl
e
grid
-
conn
ec
t
e
d
single
-
phase
i
nver
te
rs,
”
Power
Deli
ve
ry,
IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons on
,
vol. 19, pp. 198
3
-
1989,
2004
.
[8]
H.
Dehgha
ni
Tafti,
A
.
I.
Masw
o
od,
A.
Ukil
,
O.
H.
P.
Gabri
e
l,
a
nd
L.
Ziy
ou,
“
NP
C
photovol
ta
i
c
grid
-
connect
ed
inve
rt
er
using
proporti
ona
l
-
reso
nant
cont
ro
ll
er
,
”
As
ia
-
Paci
fic
P
ower
Ene
rg
y
E
ng.
Conf.
AP
P
EE
C,
vol
.
2015
–
Marc
h,
no.
Marc
h,
2014
.
[9]
H.
S.
Pate
l
and
R.
G.
Hoft,
“
Gene
ralize
d
Techni
ques
of
Harm
on
ic
Elim
ina
ti
on
a
nd
Volta
ge
Cont
rol
in
Th
y
risto
r
Inve
rte
rs:
Par
t
I
--
Harm
onic
El
imina
ti
on,
”
Industry
Ap
pli
cations,
IE
E
E
Tr
ansac
ti
ons
on
,
vol.
IA
-
9,
pp.
310
-
317
,
19
73.
[10]
S.
Sali
m
in,
et
a
l.
,
“
Low
Order
Harm
onic
s
Im
prove
m
ent
of
a
Si
ngle
Grid
Conn
ec
t
ed
Inve
rte
r
Sy
stem
und
er
PR
Control
Te
chn
iq
ue
,
”
A
RP
N
Jour
nal
of
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
and
App
li
ed
Sci
en
ce
s
,
vol
.
10
,
pp
.
8601
-
8605
,
2015.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1167
–
1174
1174
[11]
K
.
C.
Chen,
et
al.
,
“
Single
Pha
se
Inve
rte
r
S
y
s
t
em
using
Propo
rti
onal
R
esona
nt
Curre
nt
Contro
l
,
”
Int
ernati
ona
l
Journal
of
Power
El
e
ct
ronics
an
d
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
m (
IJP
EDS)
,
vol
.
8
,
pp.
1913
-
1918,
2017.
[12]
Althoba
iti,
M.
Arm
strong,
M.
A.
El
gend
y
,
and
F.
Mulola
ni,
“
T
hree
-
phase
grid
conne
c
te
d
PV
in
ve
rters
using
the
propor
ti
onal
resonance
cont
roll
e
r
,
”
E
EE
IC
2016
-
Int. Conf. E
nv
i
ron.
E
lectr
.
Eng
.
,
pp
.
2
–
7
,
2016
.
[13]
A
.
Kotsopoulos,
J.
L.
D
6
uar
te,
an
d
M.
a.
M.
Hendri
x,
“
A
pre
dic
ti
v
e
cont
rol
sche
m
e
for
DC
volt
age
and
AC
cur
ren
t
in
\
ngrid
-
conne
c
t
ed
photovol
t
ai
c
i
nver
te
rs
with
m
ini
m
um
DC
li
nk
ca
pa
ci
t
ance,”
IE
CON
’01.
27th
A
nnu.
Conf.
IEEE
Ind.
E
lectr
on.
So
c.
(C
at.
No.3724
3),
vol
.
3
,
no
.
C
,
pp.
1994
–
1999
,
2001
[14]
R.
Te
odore
scu
,
et
a
l.
,
“
A
new
c
ontrol
struct
ur
e
for
grid
-
conne
c
t
ed
LCL
PV
inve
rte
rs
with
ze
ro
stea
d
y
-
sta
te
err
o
r
and
sel
ec
t
ive
ha
rm
onic
compensat
ion
,
”
Appl
i
ed
Powe
r
Elec
troni
cs
Confe
ren
ce
a
nd
Ex
posit
ion,
2
004.
A
PE
C
'04
.
Nine
teenth
Annu
al
IE
EE
,
vol
.
1
,
pp.
580
-
586
,
20
04
.
[15]
R
Te
odore
scu
,
e
t
al
.,
“
Proportio
nal
-
resona
n
t
con
trol
lers
and
fil
t
e
rs
for
grid
-
conne
cted
voltage
-
so
urc
e
C
onver
te
rs
,”
El
e
ct
ric
Pow
er
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons,
IE
E
Proc
ee
dings
,
vol.
153
,
pp
.
750
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Suriana
Sali
m
i
n
is
a
le
ct
ure
r
in
Facul
t
y
of
El
ectrical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(FK
EE
),
UTHM
.
After
gra
du
at
ed
from
her
first
degr
ee
in
El
e
trica
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
(UTM
-
2006),
s
he
worked
as
a
tut
or
in
UTHM
for
6
m
onths
and
cont
inu
ed
f
or
MS
c
in
Powe
r
Distribut
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
Newca
stle
Un
iv
ersity
(2007).
S
he
completed
h
er
PhD
in
El
e
ctrical
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g
in
2014
al
so
from
Newca
stle
Univer
sit
y
,
UK
.
She
has
publi
shed
a
few
pape
rs
i
n
Jurnals
and
proc
ee
d
ing
since
2013.
Her
r
ese
a
rch
intere
sts
are
on
power
qu
al
i
t
y
improvem
ent
,
distri
bute
d
gen
e
rat
io
n
s
y
stems
and
har
m
onic
s
m
it
iga
ti
on
.
Matt
hew
Arm
strong
(MEng,
PhD
)
is
a
senior
l
e
ct
ure
r
in
Newcas
tl
e
Univer
si
t
y
.
He
is
a
m
ember
of
the
Instit
uti
o
n
of
Engi
nee
rin
g
and
Te
chnol
o
g
y
(MIET
)
.
He
has
a
num
ero
us
num
ber
of
publi
c
at
ions
to
dat
e
.
His
m
ai
n
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
li
e
in
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
conve
rte
rs,
power
el
e
ct
roni
c
con
tro
ll
ers,
elec
tr
ic
dr
i
ves,
and
d
igi
t
al
cont
rol
s
y
stems
.
He
have
a
par
ti
c
ula
r
in
te
rest
in
grid
connect
ed
i
nver
te
r
s
y
stems
,
power
qualit
y
m
onit
oring
and
improvem
ent
,
h
ard
ware
-
in
-
th
e
-
loop
(HIL
)
emulat
ion
s
y
st
ems
,
and
s
y
stem
id
ent
ifica
ti
on
(p
ar
amete
r
esti
m
ati
on)
of
power
el
e
ct
roni
c
s
y
s
tem
s.
Siti
Am
ely
Ju
m
aa
t
is
a
lect
ure
r
in
Fa
cult
y
of
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(F
KEE)
,
UTHM
.
She
complet
ed
her
PhD
in
El
ectrical
Eng
ine
er
i
ng
in
2015
from
Univer
s
it
i
Teknologi
MA
RA.
She
has
a
num
ber
of
m
ana
geme
nt
expe
r
ie
nc
es
i
ncl
uding
he
ad
o
f
pane
l
,
he
ad
of
la
bora
tor
y
and
hea
d
of
dep
art
m
ent
.
She
publ
ished
in
m
an
y
Journals
and
proc
e
e
ding
sinc
e
2007.
Her
rese
arch
int
er
ests
are
on
power
sy
st
em
ana
l
y
s
is,
FA
CTs
d
evi
c
es,
computational
intelligen
c
e,
opti
m
izati
on
te
chn
ique
,
and
r
ene
wabl
e ene
rg
y.
Rohai
z
a
Ham
dan
is
a
le
c
tur
er
in
Facu
lty
of
Elec
tr
ical
E
ngine
er
ing
(FK
EE
),
UTHM
.
She
complet
ed
h
er
Master
s
in
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
E
ngine
er
ing
in
20
16
from
Univer
s
it
i
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
Malay
s
ia.
She
has
expe
r
ie
nc
es
in
m
ana
g
ement
team
includin
g
hea
d
of
pan
e
l
and
h
ea
d
of
la
bora
tor
y
.
She
i
s a
lso a
m
ember of a
few
gr
ant
s f
rom
UTHM
and
publi
shed
in
Jou
rna
l
as
we
ll
as
book
cha
p
te
rs.
Her
res
ea
rch
in
te
r
ests
are on
pow
e
r
s
y
st
em a
na
l
y
s
i
s a
nd
r
ene
wabl
e ene
rg
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.