TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 20
14, pp. 7304
~ 731
0
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.534
8
7304
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 1
2
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
Jul
y
20, 201
4
;
Accepte
d
Augu
st 10, 201
4
Resear
ch on the Modulation Performance in GPON
System
Li Li*, Chen Yan-Ta
o, Zhang Ji-Ju
n
, Li Zhi-Rui, Cheng Wan-Li
Departme
n
ts o
f
Electronic Informatio
n
an
d Electrical
E
ngi
ne
erin
g, An
yan
g
Institute of T
e
chno
log
y
,
Chin
a 45
50
00
*Corres
pon
di
n
g
author: li
lifkb
@16
3
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
m
a
in
l
y
do
e
s
re
se
arch
a
n
d
an
a
l
ysi
s
o
n
a
n
t
i
-
di
spe
r
si
ve
p
e
r
fo
rma
n
c
e
a
n
d
a
n
t
i
-
n
o
n
l
i
near
perfor
m
a
n
ce f
o
r inte
nsity
mo
dul
ation f
o
rmat
s
such as
NR
Z
,
RZ
, CS-RZ
,
DRZ
, MD-RZ
in 4
0
Gbps
hi
gh-
speed single-c
hannel
optical trans
m
i
ss
ion
system
. It com
p
ares
the fiv
e
pattern
mo
dulation f
o
rmats
in
disp
ersio
n
tole
rance, no
nli
n
e
a
r tolera
nce, a
nd adv
anta
ges
and dis
adv
an
tages in trans
miss
ion d
i
stan
ce
.
Anti-no
n
li
ne
ar
effect abi
lity o
f
CSRZ
, RZ
a
r
e stron
ger th
an th
at of N
R
Z
code; i
n
th
e sin
g
l
e
-cha
nn
e
l
transmissio
n
s
ystem, DRZ
an
d i
m
pr
oved
mo
dul
ation f
o
rmat
MDRZ
hav
e b
e
tter resistanc
e foranti-
no
nli
n
ear
perfor
m
a
n
ce, so they are suitab
le for lon
g
-dista
nce tra
n
smissio
n
. RZ
has the mi
ni
mu
m d
i
spers
i
o
n
tolera
nce. NR
Z
than RZ
ha
s hig
her sp
ectrum
effi
cie
n
cy
than RZ
, an
d
thus hav
e a
better dis
persi
o
n
tolera
nce.
CS
RZ
cod
e
has
h
i
gh
er sp
ectral
efficiency,
hi
gh
er d
i
spers
i
o
n
t
o
ler
ance
a
n
d
n
onli
n
e
a
r to
lera
nce
than RZ
code,
mak
i
n
g
it mor
e
suit
abl
e for lon
g
distanc
e tran
smiss
i
on.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
GPON, intensity m
o
dulation, PMD, EOP
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
With the ra
pid develo
p
m
ent of the
next gene
ration of opti
c
al fibe
r tra
n
smi
ssi
on
informatio
n system, 40Gb
p
s opti
c
al fiber tra
n
smission
system
and its wa
velength divi
sion
multiplexing
(WDM)
syste
m
have
bee
n
the fo
cu
s of
resea
r
ch. In
orde
r to
en
ha
nce
the
ca
pa
city
of the syste
m
and dimi
nish
the deg
rad
a
tion of pe
rformance which
woul
d be
ca
use
d
by the l
o
ss
of transmi
ssi
on, system
s engine
erin
g
and optim
ization wo
uld
be impo
rtant
. Thereinto,
th
e
optical
cod
e
-pattern
woul
d be the im
portant fa
cto
r
whi
c
h d
e
ci
des the
sp
e
c
trum effi
cie
n
cy,
transmissio
n
quality and
the di
spe
r
sive tolera
nc
e of
the sy
stem.
Thu
s
, the
chosen of
co
d
e
-
pattern is
the
firs
t fac
t
or in t
he
high
spe
e
d
optical tra
n
s
missio
n syst
em
[1-2].
The ap
plication of optical
fiber tran
sm
i
ssi
on sy
ste
m
and de
nse-wavelen
g
th
-divisio
n-
multiplexing (DWDM
)
sy
stem ma
ke the
dispe
r
si
ve to
leran
c
e m
a
rkedly decre
ase, and the n
on-
linearity effe
ct has
an im
p
a
ct on
the
sy
stem p
e
rfo
r
m
ance. Tra
d
itional
NRZ co
de-p
a
ttern
would
not have
me
t the dem
an
d, while
ne
e
d
othe
r ne
w
modulatio
n f
o
rmat. Peo
p
l
e
propo
se
m
a
n
y
cod
e
-p
attern
s in te
rms of
40Gb/
s o
p
tical tra
n
smi
s
si
on
system
[3
-11],
su
ch
as RZ
[3], and
also
propose the
RZ of the carrier
suppressi
v
e (C
S-RZ
), single si
deband-RZ
(SSB-RZ), duojdeci
m
a
l
-
RZ (D-RZ), mend duoj
decimal
-
RZ
(M
D-RZ)
[4],
RZ-DPSK [5-6], full spectr
um return-to-zero
(FSRZ
)
an
d chirp return
-to-zero (CRZ
).
In the pa
per,
take th
e 4
0
G
bp
s for exa
m
ple, the
wa
y of modeli
z
a
t
ion of NRZ,
RZ, CS
-
RZ, and DRZ, MD-RZ with compute
r
analyze
s
the optical sp
ectru
m
. The
40 Gbps
si
gnal
transmitted in
G.652
fibe
r
by way
of si
n
g
le
cha
nnel
with
e
r
biu
m
-d
ope-fib
e
r-am
plifier (EDFA
)
is
simulate
d fo
r
these
form
ats. Thu
s
CS
RZ
, RZ h
a
s bett
e
r a
n
ti-lin
earit
y ability than
the NRZ
co
d
e
;
in the
singl
e-cha
nnel t
r
an
smissio
n
system,
DRZan
d
improved
modulatio
n f
o
rmat M
D
RZ
ha
s
better anti-nonlinearity, and is
s
u
itable for
lo
ng-dist
ance tra
n
smissi
on.
RZ h
a
s
the
minimu
m
disp
ersion
to
leran
c
e.
NRZ ha
s
high
er sp
ect
r
um
efficien
cythan
RZ, a
nd th
u
s
h
a
ve a
be
tter
disp
ersion tol
e
ran
c
e.
CSRZ co
de h
a
s hi
gher spe
c
tral
efficien
cy, hig
her
dispersio
n
toleran
c
e a
n
d
nonlin
ear tole
ran
c
etha
n the
RZ co
de,so it’s more
suita
b
le for long di
stan
ce tran
smissi
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Modulatio
n Perform
a
n
c
e in GPON S
ystem
(Li Li)
7305
2.
The Principle and Ch
ara
c
teris
t
ic
Intensity modulation is th
e pro
c
e
ss to
tr
ansmit informatio
n on the amplitud
e of the
optical
sign
al by the modul
ator, and de
modulate t
he
transmitted in
formation at the re
ceiving
side
by detecting
the cha
nge
s in the amplitude.
It includes
NRZ, RZ and Du
obi
nary. NRZ also
inclu
d
e
s
carri
e
r-su
ppresse
d zero
CS
RZ,
ze
ro
chi
r
p
CRZ a
nd
so
on
. Beside
s, the
r
e a
r
e
DRZ
a
nd
MDRZ gen
erated by comb
ination of Du
obina
ry and
RZ.
2.1.
The Principle of Cho
sen
Code Pa
tter
n [12
]
There a
r
e
three p
r
in
ciple
s
for th
e mo
d
u
lation fo
rma
t
that we
sho
u
ld follo
w: firstly, the
comp
act
mod
u
lation
sig
nal
sp
ect
r
um i
s
good
at e
nha
ncin
g the
op
e
r
ating
facto
r
of the
spe
c
trum
and the
disp
ersive tol
e
ran
c
e of g
r
ou
p velocity; se
co
ndly, a high
non-li
nea
rity tolera
nce; thirdly,
the stru
cture of the transmi
tter and re
cei
v
er are
simpl
e
as soon a
s
possibl
e.
2.2.
The principl
e of NRZ
We u
s
u
a
lly u
s
e the
Ma
ch
-Zehnd
er
mod
u
lator
(MZM
) and th
e con
s
e
c
utive wave (CW)
lase
r i
n
the
modulatio
n
system. Excep
t
for th
e
NRZ
,
their app
earance w
oul
d b
e
pe
rformed
by
the two con
c
atenation of
MZM. The
s
e
two con
c
aten
at
ions
of MZ
M play a diffe
rent role. The
first
MZM is u
s
ed
to bring vari
o
u
s pul
se
s by
the drive
of the clo
c
k sig
n
a
l. The se
co
n
d
one is
used
to
load the data.
CW
-Las
er
MZ
M
40G
b/s o
p
t
i
cal N
R
Z sign
al
40Gb
/
s
el
ectrical
NRZ sig
n
al
Bia
s
C
o
nt
to
l
Figure 1. Blocks Di
agram
of NRZ
Figure 1 i
s
th
e frame
of th
e NRZ
sign
al
of
the opti
c
s. When t
r
an
smitted the “1
” in the
NRZ, o
p
tical
sign
al impul
se occu
pies
a
whol
e bit-tim
e
; whe
n
there
is no o
p
tical
pulse, the sig
nal
is
“0”.
The
re
alizatio
n of th
e codin
g
i
s
si
mple,
o
n
ly
ne
eding
a high
spe
ed exterio
r
mo
dulato
r
t
hat
can
work
effectively at th
e spee
d
of
10Gb
p
s.
The
advanta
g
e
of NRZ i
s
the
simpli
city of
appli
c
ation, l
o
w
co
st a
n
d
high
spe
c
trum effi
ci
ency, which
ca
n be
u
s
ed
widely i
n
to t
he
synchro
nou
s
digital
hie
r
a
r
chy (SDH) and wavele
n
g
th
divisio
n
multiplexing (WDM
)
sy
ste
m
.
Und
e
r the 10Gb
p
s sy
st
em and mo
re less, we
use the NRZ modul
ation model. The
disa
dvantag
e
of NRZ i
s
th
at the tra
n
siti
on d
o
e
s
n't
ret
u
rn ze
ro
bet
ween
t
w
o co
de
s,
the se
nsitiv
ity
for tran
smi
ssion lo
ss. So
it is not
suitabl
e fo
r h
i
gh spee
d a
nd the
extra
long
-di
s
tan
c
e
transmissio
n.
2.3.
The Principle of RZ and
CS-RZ
Figure 2
is th
e fram
e a
bou
t the p
r
in
ciple
of th
e
ge
neration of
RZ
a
nd
CS-RZ,
which
is all
comp
osed b
y
the two co
ncate
nation
of MZM. Th
e
technol
ogy
of RZ c
ode prevail
s
re
ce
ntly,
whi
c
h i
s
u
s
e
d
in the
high
speed
of 40
Gp
s o
p
tical t
r
an
smissio
n
syst
em. In the p
u
l
s
e
seq
uen
ce
o
f
RZ
co
de, the
tran
sition
area
whi
c
h
co
n
nect
s
“1” am
plitude
of ele
c
tri
c
field
ha
s the in
dep
en
dent
time envelop
e. Beca
use
modulatio
n fo
rmat of RZ
h
a
s the
differe
nt tran
sition
all the time in
the
cod
e
bit
s
, thu
s
it
ca
n b
r
ing
more
“ne
a
tn
ess” opti
c
al
signal i
n
o
r
d
e
r to u
n
scramb
le the
re
ceive
r
.
The advantage of RZ is the low
average of optical
power; high
er ability on anti-non-linearity
effect and an
ti-pola
r
ization
mode dispersion (PM
D
)
[12]. RZ cod
e
is also mo
re con
ducive
to
clo
ck
re
cov
e
r
y
.
B
e
caus
e t
he co
ns
ecutive “1” of NRZ is a wh
ole,
the eye pattern of RZ
co
de
stret
c
he
s bi
gger, the b
e
tter ability of anti-
error-co
de pe
rforma
nc
e, and provid
es the
improvem
ent on 3dB of the
optical si
gnal
noise ratio (OSNR).
The CS-RZ
code is b
a
sed on the traditi
onal
RZ
cod
e
,
and join the
phase se
paration of
π
in each ad
jace
nt sign
bi
t (no matter t
he sig
n
bi
t is “0” o
r
“1”). The ph
ase separation of t
he
carrie
r
can
b
e
re
ga
rde
d
a
s
the
si
gnal
with a
minu
s but the
carri
e
r i
s
inva
riab
ility. The typical
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 730
4
– 7310
7306
value of this signal with po
sitive and neg
ative ambipol
ar
is ‘0’, so th
ere is n
o
pinn
acle in the
ze
ro
freque
ncy
be
cau
s
e
of wit
hout
△
fu
nct
i
on (im
pul
se
functio
n
), af
ter multiplyin
g the a
c
co
rd
ing
carrie
r, and there i
s
also
no pinna
cle i
n
the ca
rrier.
In the CS-RZ, becau
se t
he sign a
bou
t
con
s
e
c
utive code of amplit
ude of ele
c
tri
c
field is
reve
rse
d
, we can
get the low wi
dth of spe
c
tru
m
.
With the high
powe
r
, it not only increa
ses the di
sp
e
r
sive ca
pa
city, but also e
n
h
ances the
re
sist
of the non-lin
earity of self-pha
se mod
u
l
a
tion
(SPM) a
nd four-wave-mixing (F
WM
), and so on.
Figure 2. Blocks Di
agram
of RZ/CS-RZ
2.4.
The Principle of DRZ
Optical
duo
bi
nary
NRZ
(DRZ) is
a
com
b
i
nation ofDu
obina
ryco
de and RZ cod
e
,
which
can
be
gene
rated by t
w
o
MZ mod
u
lato
rs in
se
ri
e
s
prod
uctio
n
, shown in
Fig
u
re
3. Pseu
do-
rand
om bina
ry seque
nce PRBS sou
r
ce
, instead of
the actu
al data informatio
n
transmitted,
get
throug
h the
binary p
r
e
c
o
der, NRZ
g
enerator
and
an a
s
soci
ated code
r to
gene
rate
NRZ
duobi
nary si
g
nal. After it g
e
t through th
e first stage
Mach
-Ze
hnd
er mod
u
lator,
a seco
nd st
age
Mach
-Ze
hnd
er mod
u
lator
will obtain
DRZ sign
alsd
riv
en by a 40G
Hz frequ
en
cy sinu
soid
al si
gnal.
Binary pre
c
o
der a
c
hieve
s
the result through diffe
ren
c
e of time de
lay, and the relevant enco
der
achi
eves the
result throu
g
h
sum of the
time
delay, both will hel
p
improve the
quality of sig
n
a
l
transmissio
n and sy
stem receive
r
sen
s
itivity.
When th
e numb
e
r of
odd
s betwee
n
two adja
c
e
n
t 1
in DRZ
cod
e
equal
s 0, the pha
se inversi
on occu
rs.
Figure 3. Gen
e
ration
Diag
ram of DRZ
2.5.
The Principle of MD-RZ
Improved
du
obina
ry NRZ
(MD-RZ) i
s
th
e optic
al d
u
o
b
inary
NRZ
code fo
rm, al
so known
as ca
rrie
r
-su
ppre
s
sed du
obina
ry
RZ. Improved
do
uble bi
nary
zero
code
g
eneration
ca
n be
achi
eved em
ploying
t
w
o cascad
ed Ma
ch-Ze
hnd
er
m
odulato
r
s,
i.e. obtain
ed th
rough
mo
dulat
ing
the clo
ck p
o
rt
ion of CSRZ
by duobi
n
a
ry sign
al. Figure
4. Duobin
a
ry
NRZ
sign
al o
f
the first stag
e
Mach Z
ehn
d
e
r mod
u
lato
r is gen
erated
by the subt
ra
cting ci
rcuit d
e
lay. The se
cond sta
ge M
a
ch
Zehnd
er
mod
u
lator
obtain
s
M
D
-RZ
sig
nal via a
sin
u
soi
dal
sign
a
l
with a frequ
ency of
20G
Hz.
The way MD-RZ si
gnal i
s
gene
rated
an
d the way DRZ sign
al is g
e
nerate
d
are d
i
fferent in del
ay
sum a
nd d
e
l
ay subtracti
on. The
cha
r
acte
ri
st
ic of
MD-RZ
co
de is that t
he code p
h
a
se
inverseswh
en
it encounte
r
s 1, and cod
e
pha
se re
main
s un
cha
nge
d whe
n
en
cou
n
t
ers 0.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Modulatio
n Perform
a
n
c
e in GPON S
ystem
(Li Li)
7307
Figure 4. Gen
e
ration
Diag
ram of MD-RZ
3.
The An
aly
s
is of Spec
tru
m
b
y
kinds o
f
Modulatio
n
Formats
The figu
re b
e
low i
s
the
spectrum of
modul
atio
n format; figu
re
5 is the
wav
e
and th
e
spe
c
tru
m
of
NRZ;
the
spe
c
trum
wi
dth o
f
NRZ is
ab
o
u
t 80G
Hz (th
e
di
stan
ce
be
tween
secon
dary
line sp
ect
r
u
m
); figure
6
is the wave and the
sp
e
c
trum of
RZ
code, a
nd
spe
c
tru
m
wi
dth is
160G
Hz; Fig
u
re 7 i
s
the wave and the spectrum
of CS-RZ
cod
e
, and sp
ect
r
um
width is 1
20G
Hz
with no ca
rri
er wave. DRZ signal
spe
c
trum
s ar
e shown in Fig
u
re 8. DRZ has a na
rro
w
er
spe
c
tru
m
tha
n
ordina
ry bi
nary
cod
e
pa
ttern, and th
e ca
rri
er i
s
suppresse
d at
the same ti
me.
MD-RZ
sign
a
l
spe
c
trum i
s
sho
w
n in Fi
gure
9. MD-RZ si
gnal i
s
return
-zero
sign
als, so the
spe
c
tral
widt
h sho
u
ld be
wide
r than th
at of non-
retu
rn to ze
ro
Du
obina
rybut na
rro
we
r than t
hat
of RZ
cod
e
li
ke
CSRZ. It
has th
e n
a
rro
w
e
s
t ban
dwi
d
th is th
e ba
ndwi
d
th of th
e na
rro
we
st
NRZ
pattern. M
D
-RZ
co
de
s ov
ercome
the
si
ngle-ch
ann
el transmissio
n system
self-p
hase
m
odulat
ion
(SPM) effect
more effecti
v
ely when compa
r
ed wit
h
the RZ an
d duobin
a
ry RZ, and is
more
con
d
u
c
ive to avoid den
se
wavelen
g
th division
multi
p
lexing tran
smissi
on sy
st
em cross-ph
ase
modulatio
n (XPM) and four-wav
e mixing (FWM
) and other
nonlin
ear eff
e
cts. Howev
e
r,
gene
ration of
MD-RZ is th
e
most com
p
le
x compa
r
ed
with that of other mo
dulatio
n formats.
(a) Spe
c
tr
um
of NRZ
(b) Spe
c
tr
um
of NRZ
-DPS
K
Figure 5. Wa
ve and Spect
r
um of NRZ
(a) Spe
c
tr
um
of RZ
(b) Spec
trum
of RZ-DPSK
Figure 6. Wa
ve and Spect
r
um of RZ
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7308
(a) Spe
c
tr
um
of CS-R
Z
(b) Spe
c
tr
um
of CS-R
Z-
DP
SK
Figure 7. Wa
ve and Spect
r
um of CS-RZ
Figure 8. Spectrum of DRZ
Figure 9. Spectrum of M
D
-RZ
4.
Anti
-Nonlinearit
y
Capabilities for Di
fferent Intensity
Modulation Formats
Nonli
nea
r effects h
a
ve a seriou
s influe
n
c
e on si
gnal tran
smi
ssi
on in high-sp
eed
optical
fiber commun
i
cation tra
n
smissi
on sy
ste
m
. Optical si
g
nal in the opti
c
al fiber
nonli
near effe
cts
will
be mo
re
sig
n
ificant
as th
e tran
smi
s
sio
n
rate
is in
creased, a
nd t
he tra
n
smissi
on di
stan
ce i
s
longe
r. No
nli
nearity tole
ra
nce l
a
rg
ely determi
ne
s the tran
smi
ssion pe
rform
a
nce
of vario
u
s
modulatio
n format
s, and
resea
r
ch on
the anti-n
onl
i
nearity for m
odulatio
n format of different
pha
se
s in the
high-spe
ed transmi
ssion
system is very importa
nt.
Due to the
close
relation
ship between
fiber
nonli
n
e
a
rity and di
spersion
clo
s
e
l
y, th
e
sign
al has
different non
-linea
r effect
s usin
gdifferent dispe
r
sio
n
comp
en
sa
tion ways, the
introdu
ction
o
f
better di
spe
r
sion
co
mpen
sating
nonl
i
n
ear
effects
ca
n be mi
nimized imp
a
ct o
n
the
sign
al.
We ignore
the
effects pola
r
ization
mo
d
e
di
spe
r
si
on
and
fiber
optical
ampli
f
ier
spo
n
tane
ou
s emission h
a
ve on sig
nals,
retain di
spe
r
sion, and com
pare n
onlin
ea
r cap
abilitie
s of
a variety of a
n
ti-pha
se
mo
dulation fo
rm
ats
with
sym
m
etrical di
sp
ersi
on
com
p
e
n
satio
n
when
the
disp
ersion i
s
fully compe
n
sated.
Several ki
nd
s of cu
rves
about the ey
e diagr
am o
penin
g
pri
c
e
EOP of the intensity
modulatio
n formats
cha
ngi
ng with SMF i
n
to the fiber o
p
tical po
we
r as sho
w
n in
Figure 10.
We
can
see
from the di
agra
m
that, the eye
op
en
co
sts of the
s
e
kind
s of intensity
modulatio
n fo
rmat in
crea
ses
slo
w
ly wit
h
the in
crea
ses
of the fibe
r opti
c
al
po
wer,du
ring
whi
c
h
MDRZ a
nd
DRZ
both h
a
ve
goo
d a
b
ilities to resi
st n
onl
inear effect
s.
Whe
n
the
ey
e figure o
peni
ng
price rea
c
h
e
s 1 db, the fib
e
r optical po
wer i
s
5.
6 dBm and 5 dBm resp
ectively. In these kind
s of
intensity mo
d
u
lation fo
rma
t
s, the no
nlin
ear tol
e
ra
nce
of MD
– RZ
is la
rge
s
t, a
nd the
nonlin
ear
resi
stan
ce
of
it is
be
st; DRZ follo
ws;th
e no
nlin
e
a
r t
o
lera
nce of
RZ
and
CS
RZ are
simila
r; the
nonlin
ear tol
e
ran
c
e
of
NRZ i
s
mi
nim
a
l. In ge
neral, the n
on-li
near resi
stan
ce i
n
the
ze
ro
modulatio
n format is better than that in
non-ze
ro mo
dulation form
at. RZ and CSRZ modul
ation
formats can l
ead to th
e b
r
oade
ning
of optical
pul
se
and th
e de
crea
se
s of p
u
l
s
e p
e
a
k
p
o
wer
whe
n
affecte
d
by the disp
ersi
on, and th
e influen
ce of
nonline
a
r is
relative minor
than NRZ co
de.
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Modulatio
n Perform
a
n
c
e in GPON S
ystem
(Li Li)
7309
5.
Dispersion Abilit
y
of Differen
t Intensit
y
Modulation Formats
Due to the n
online
a
r effe
ct and di
spe
r
sion of
the fiber a
r
e cl
ose
l
y related, the sign
al
transmissio
n
in the transmissi
on line
will not onl
y affected by fiber nonlin
ear, also will
be
affected by severe di
spe
r
sion, and due
to environm
e
n
t temperatu
r
e, pressu
re,
etc. Will ch
an
ge
the dispersio
n
value of tra
n
smi
ssi
on lin
es, so ev
en if
usin
g the di
spersion
co
mp
ensation fibe
r or
other
dispersion compensation dev
i
c
e
to com
pensate, but the di
spersi
on are still
hard
to be
comp
en
sated
complet
e
ly. The a
c
cumul
a
tion of re
si
dual di
spe
r
si
on ca
n limit the increa
se
of
transmissio
n
distan
ce,
a
nd affe
ct the pe
rfor
m
a
n
c
e
of the
system. Di
sp
ersi
on tol
e
ra
nce,
therefo
r
e, a
r
e also a
n
i
m
porta
nt indi
cator of me
asu
r
e th
e di
fferent mo
du
lation form
at of
disp
ersion
system of rob
u
stiousn
e
ss.
In ord
e
r to m
easure
the
di
spe
r
si
on tol
e
ranc
e of th
e i
n
tensity mo
d
u
lation fo
rmat
, ignore
the polari
z
ati
on mode di
spersion, no
nli
near effe
ct and optical amplifie
r spont
aneo
us radia
t
ion
influen
ce on
sign
al tran
sm
issi
on, leavin
g it out
of consid
eratio
n, only k
eep the
disp
ersion eff
e
ct
of the system
.
Here, the method we ad
op
t is to change
the dispe
r
si
o
n
value, mea
s
ured NRZ, RZ and
CS
RZ,
D
R
Z,
MD - R
Z
dis
p
ersi
on r
e
si
st
a
n
ce
mo
dulati
on format is
shown in Figu
re 11.
What can be
seen fro
m
the Figu
re 11
is t
hat NRZ
signal
s ca
n
tolerate 55
ps/nm that is
prob
ably twi
c
e a
s
DRZ
with strong
er ability to resist di
spe
r
sio
n
, when th
e
openin
g
pri
c
e
disp
ersion
va
lue rea
c
hin
g
to ldB eye
diagra
m
. Follo
wed
by CS
RZ, tolerate
di
spe
r
si
on val
u
e is
about 35 p
s
/n
m, MD - RZ can tolerate di
spe
r
si
on valu
e of 12.5 ps/n
m. RZ sign
al can tole
rate the
minimum val
ue of the disp
ersi
on, abo
ut 12 ps/nm.
Figure 10. EOP Chan
ge
s with Optical Powe
r
into the Fiber
Curve
Figure 11. Co
mpari
s
o
n
Ch
art of Anti-
disp
ersion Ca
pacity
6. Concludin
g
remarks
This chapte
r
mainly
studi
ed di
sp
ersio
n
p
r
ope
rtie
s and anti-n
onl
i
near pe
rformance in
high spe
ed optical
t
r
an
smissi
on syst
em
chan
nel
of intensity
modulatio
n f
o
rmat
s NRZ,
RZ,
CSRZ, DRZ,
MD-RZ, an
d com
pared
five modula
t
ion formats in the disp
ersi
on tole
ra
nce,
nonlin
ear tol
e
ran
c
e a
nd the advantag
es an
d di
sa
d
v
antage
s on transmissio
n distan
ce. CS
RZ,
RZ ha
s bett
e
r anti-li
nea
ri
ty ability
than the NRZ
cod
e
; in the single
-
chan
nel tran
smi
s
sion
system,
DRZ
and imp
r
ov
ed mod
u
latio
n
format
M
DRZ
ha
s be
tter anti-n
onli
nearity, and
is
suitabl
e for l
ong-dista
n
ce
tran
smi
ssi
on
. RZ h
a
s the
minimum
di
spe
r
si
on tol
e
ran
c
e.
NRZ
has
highe
r spe
c
trum efficien
cy
than RZ, a
n
d
thus
have
a better di
sp
ersi
on tole
ra
nce.
CSRZ
code
has high
er spectral
effici
e
n
cy,
high
er di
spe
r
si
on tole
rance an
d no
nlinea
r tole
ra
nce th
an the
RZ
cod
e
, so it’s
more
suitabl
e
for long dista
n
ce tra
n
smission.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This
wo
rk was
sup
p
o
r
ted
by the tackl
e
key
pro
b
le
ms in
scien
c
e and
techn
o
logy of
Hen
an Provin
cial (1
221
022
1001
7) an
d fund
of Anyan
g
Institute of Tech
nolo
g
y.
Referen
ces
[1]
Yuel
in D
u
,
Jin
g
xia
n
Z
han
g.
T
he Performan
c
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y
nchr
o
n
izati
on Al
gorit
hm in R
e
a
l
time OF
DM-PON
Sy
s
t
e
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.
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E
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OMNIKA Indon
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n Journ
a
l o
f
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i
ne
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g
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046
TELKOM
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KA
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r 2014: 730
4
– 7310
7310
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g
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a
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a
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W
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M T
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E
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i
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