Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
3
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
1
373
~
1379
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
2
.i
3
.pp
1
373
-
1379
1373
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Digital P
reservati
on of Int
angible
Cu
ltural
Herita
ge
Wan M
alini
Wan Is
a
1
,
No
r
A
z
an
M
at Z
i
n
2
, F
ad
hil
ah
Ro
s
di
3
, Ha
fiz
M
ohd
Sa
ri
m
4
1
,2,3,4
Ce
nter
for S
oftwa
re
T
ec
hn
olog
y
and
Mana
gement
(SO
FTAM
),
Facult
y
of
I
nform
at
ion
Sci
e
nce
and Technol
og
y
,
Univer
siti
Keba
ngsaa
n
Mal
a
y
s
ia,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
1
Facul
t
y
of
Infor
m
at
ic
s a
nd
Com
puti
ng,
Univer
sit
i
Sulta
n
Z
ai
n
al
Abidin,
Te
r
engg
anu,
Ma
lay
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
C
T
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
28, 201
8
Re
vised Oct
2
0
, 2
018
Accepte
d Oct
2
9
, 201
8
Cult
ura
l
her
it
ag
e
ref
l
ec
ts
a
soc
ie
t
y
’s
id
entit
y
,
hen
ce
should
be
pro
te
c
te
d
and
pre
serve
d
for
th
e
futur
e
gen
erat
ion.
Digi
tal
pre
serva
ti
on
is
sig
nifi
c
ant
for
cul
tur
al
her
it
ag
e
sinc
e
there
ar
e
a
lot
of
importan
t
knowl
edge
and
co
ll
e
ctions
of
m
anusc
ript
s
and
artefacts
which
nee
d
t
o
be
pre
serve
d
to
ensure
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
fo
r
futur
e
gen
era
t
i
ons.
How
eve
r
,
t
her
e
is
stil
l
a
l
a
ck
in
digital
pre
serva
t
ion
m
e
thods
for
cul
tu
ral
h
erit
age
es
pec
i
al
l
y
in
ta
ngi
ble
cul
tur
a
l
her
itage.
Thi
s
p
ape
r
discusses
c
ult
ura
l
her
i
ta
g
e
and
result
s
of
a
stud
y
on
int
angi
b
le
cultur
al
h
eri
t
age
pre
s
erv
ation.
An
in
t
erv
ie
w
wi
th
f
iv
e
exp
ert
s
in
int
angi
b
le
cul
tur
al
her
it
ag
e
dom
ai
n
has
be
en
c
ar
rie
d
out
.
Results
sh
ow
tha
t
le
ve
l
of
aw
are
n
ess
of
pr
ese
rvin
g
intangible
cult
ura
l
her
i
ta
g
e
is
stil
l
low.
In
addi
t
ion
,
the
h
eritag
e
p
racti
t
ione
r
s
-
art
isans
and
cr
aft
sm
en
kee
p
the
knowledg
e
and
skill
s
in
th
ei
r
m
emor
y
as
pre
serva
t
ion
m
e
thod.
Thus
th
e
knowledge
depe
nd
on
ind
ivi
d
ual
pra
ct
i
tioners
since
no
documentation
is
m
ade
.
Inform
ant
s
are
al
so
awa
r
e
of
th
e
importance
of
digi
t
al
i
za
t
ion
o
f
int
ang
ible
cul
tur
al
h
eritag
e
knowledge
for
t
he
pre
se
rva
t
ion and
safe
gu
ard
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Cult
ur
al
Her
it
a
ge
P
rese
rv
at
io
n
Digital
Pr
ese
r
va
ti
on
In
ta
ng
i
ble Cult
ur
al
Her
it
ag
e
Tan
gib
le
C
ultu
ral He
rita
ge
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nor Aza
n
Ma
t
Zin
,
Ce
nter
for
S
oft
war
e
Tech
nolo
gy and Ma
na
gem
ent
(SOFT
AM),
Un
i
ver
sit
i Ke
ba
ngsaan
Mal
ay
sia
, Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
azan@u
km
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Trem
end
ous
gr
ow
t
h
of
te
c
hnol
og
y
i
n
rece
nt
ye
ars
i
nd
ic
at
es
their
releva
nc
e
to
our
eve
ry
day
li
fe
a
nd
this
de
velo
pm
e
nt
has
co
ntri
bute
d
t
o
t
he
inc
r
easi
ng
num
ber
o
f
di
gital
pr
ese
rv
at
io
n
e
ffo
rts in
he
rita
ge
do
m
ai
n.
Cult
ur
al
her
it
a
ge
dom
ai
n
sub
sta
ntial
ly
us
es
dig
it
al
pr
e
ser
va
ti
on
te
ch
nolo
gies
to
pr
ese
r
ve
knowle
dge,
c
ollec
ti
on
of
m
anu
sc
ripts
an
d
arte
facts
[1
]
.
C
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
is
a
sym
bo
l
of
s
pirit
ual
an
d
i
ntell
ect
ual
wealt
h
of
al
l
ci
vili
zat
ion
s
[
2]
.
It
is
an
im
po
rtant
represe
ntati
on
of
a
s
ociet
y
and
natio
n,
be
sides
re
flect
ing
a
per
s
on’s
i
de
ntit
y.
The
w
ord
‘cu
lt
ur
e
’
is
a
re
flect
ion
of
the
belie
fs,
value
s
a
nd
norm
s
of
a
so
ci
et
y,
pro
v
idin
g
a
co
nn
ect
i
on
be
tween
the
pa
st,
pr
ese
nt
an
d
t
he
fu
t
ur
e
[
3],
[
4].
Wh
il
e
her
it
age
can
be
de
fine
d
as
a
valua
ble
thin
g
i
nh
e
rite
d
from
pr
e
vious
ge
nerat
ion
s
a
nd
wh
a
t
will
be
i
nh
e
rite
d
by
the
f
utur
e
ge
ner
at
io
ns
[
3],
[
5].
M
or
e
ov
er,
her
it
a
ge
is
one
of
the k
ey
c
om
ponen
ts
that
play
an
im
po
rtant
r
ole to c
reate c
ha
racter, i
de
ntit
y and nati
onal
i
m
age [
6].
Pr
ese
rv
at
io
n
is
an
act
io
n
that
pr
ese
r
ves
c
ultu
ral
he
rita
ge
a
nd
hist
or
ic
al
ob
je
ct
s
[7
]
.
Acc
ordin
g
to
t
he
Un
it
ed
N
at
io
ns Ed
ucati
onal
, Sci
entifi
c an
d
C
ultur
al
Orga
niz
at
ion
s
(UNES
CO), the
or
i
gina
l condit
ion o
f t
hes
e
obj
ect
s
m
us
t
be
m
ai
ntained
un
c
ha
ng
e
d
[
8].
Ph
ysi
cal
pr
es
erv
at
io
n
ca
n
be
car
ried
out
by
co
ns
e
rv
at
i
on,
a
nd
resto
rati
on,
w
hi
le
know
le
dg
e
and
inf
orm
ation
of
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
can
be
pr
eserv
e
d
dig
it
al
ly
.
The
refor
e
,
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
pr
ese
r
vation
is
im
po
rtant
for
f
our
reasons;
cultu
r
al
m
e
m
or
y,
co
nv
e
nient
pr
ox
i
m
ity,
en
vir
onm
ent
div
e
rsity
an
d e
conom
ic
g
ai
n
[
1].
The
ra
pid
de
ve
lop
m
ent
an
d
pa
st
colo
niali
zat
ion
m
ay
cause
Ma
la
ysi
an
cultural
he
rita
ge
t
o
be
at
ris
k
especial
l
y
w
he
n
t
he
im
po
rta
nt
arti
facts
a
re
no
t
di
gital
ly
preserv
e
d
[
3].
Gl
ob
al
iz
at
io
n
a
nd
s
ocial
c
ha
nges
are
al
so
beco
m
ing
threats
to
the
pr
ese
r
vation
of
cultu
ral
her
it
a
ge
si
nce
t
hese
el
e
m
ents
cause
the
c
urre
nt
yo
unge
r
gen
e
rati
on
to
be
disi
ntereste
d
in
le
ar
ning
a
b
out
the
know
le
dg
e
a
nd
t
heir
cultu
ral
he
rita
ge.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
373
–
1379
1374
younge
r
ge
ne
r
at
ion
has
l
ow
le
vel
of
he
rita
ge
awa
ren
e
ss
an
d
are
reluc
ta
nt
to
e
ng
a
ge
in
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
conser
vation
pro
gr
am
s
[9
]
,
[
10
]
.
I
n
order
to
pr
ese
r
ve
the
cultural
her
it
a
ge,
e
sp
eci
al
ly
the
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
,
so
m
e
effor
ts
are
nee
ded
t
o
di
giti
ze
the
cultu
ral
heri
ta
ge
so
that
it
will
no
t
disa
ppear
or
bec
om
e
extinct
.
Howe
ver,
s
ome
i
m
pr
ovem
ents
can
be
m
ade,
especial
ly
in
di
gital
pr
ese
rv
at
ion
m
et
ho
ds
f
or
inta
ng
i
ble
cul
tural
her
it
age
[
11
]
.
This
paper
pre
sents
a
n
a
naly
sis
of
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
awa
re
ness
am
ong
t
he
Ma
la
ysi
ans,
the
c
urren
t
pr
ese
r
vation
m
et
hods
an
d
the
nee
d
f
or
dig
it
al
preser
vatio
n
f
or
inta
ng
i
ble
cultu
ral
her
it
a
ge
from
the
e
xperts
’
per
s
pecti
ves
.
The
rem
ai
nin
g
pap
e
r
is
or
ga
n
iz
ed
as
fo
ll
ows:
Sect
io
n
2
discusse
s
the
ba
ckgr
ound
an
d
relat
ed
work
on
c
ultu
ral
her
it
age
a
nd
t
heir
pr
ese
rvat
ion
;
Sect
ion
3
desc
ribes
t
he
m
et
ho
d
of
this
st
udy;
Sect
ion
4
pr
ese
nts t
he
re
su
lt
s and
disc
ussi
on and
Sect
ion 5
prese
nt th
e co
nclusi
on.
2.
BACKG
ROU
ND AN
D REL
ATED W
O
RK
2
.
1.
Cu
ltu
ral
Herit
ag
e
Her
it
age
can
be
desc
ribe
d
as
el
e
m
ents
of
t
he
past
that
a
re
valua
ble
an
d
ha
s
bee
n
passe
d
dow
n
from
gen
e
rati
on
t
o
t
he
ne
xt
ge
ner
a
ti
on
[
12
]
,
[
3],
[5
]
.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
he
rita
ge
can
al
so
be
de
fine
d
a
s
knowle
dg
e
a
nd
exp
e
rtise
inh
e
r
it
ed
thr
ough
th
e
way
of
li
fe
a
nd
belie
f,
a
nd
descr
i
bed
t
he
overall
m
e
m
or
y
of
th
e
com
m
un
it
y
and
sy
m
bo
li
zed
the
ci
vili
zat
ion
of
a
so
ci
et
y
[13].
More
ov
e
r,
it
is
a
treasu
re
tha
t
has
bee
n
or
i
s
bein
g
ow
ned
by
a
per
s
on
or
a
gro
up
of
s
ociet
y
or
pe
ople
w
ho
c
ollec
ti
vely
sh
a
red
res
pons
i
bili
ti
es
fo
r
protec
ti
on
a
nd
retenti
on
of
that
treasu
re.
Cult
ur
e
is
a
te
r
m
that
def
i
nes
the
way
of
li
fe
,
th
oughts
a
nd
beh
a
viors
of
a
ci
vili
zat
ion
tha
t
are
inh
e
rite
d
from
one
gen
e
rati
on
t
o
an
oth
e
r
a
nd
furthe
rm
or
e
s
om
e
e
xp
e
rts
hav
e
e
xpla
ined
that
a
c
ultu
re
is
th
e
value
i
n
hu
m
ans
that
help
s
to
create
a
nd
buil
d
ide
ntit
y
[1
4].
A
dd
it
io
na
ll
y,
culture
ca
n
be
a
ref
le
ct
ion
of
knowle
dge,
la
ws,
belie
fs
,
m
or
al
s,
c
us
tom
s,
art
or
a
ny
oth
e
r
hab
it
s
a
nd
ca
pab
il
it
ie
s
re
qu
i
red
by
hum
an
bei
ng
s
in the c
omm
un
it
y [1
5]
,
[
16
]
.
To
s
umm
arize,
cultural
he
rita
ge
ca
n
be
de
pi
ct
ed
as
the
le
ga
cy
of
physi
cal
artefact
s
an
d
intan
gib
le
at
tribu
te
s
of
a
gro
up
or
so
ci
e
ty
that
are
in
he
rite
d
from
the
pa
st
gen
e
rati
on
s
,
m
ai
ntained
i
n
t
he
prese
nt
a
nd
pr
ese
nted
f
or
t
he
be
nef
it
of
fu
t
ur
e
ge
ner
at
i
on
s
[
17]
.
Ge
ne
rall
y,
cultu
ral
he
rita
ge
ca
n
be
div
i
ded
int
o
t
wo
cat
ego
ries
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
1,
ta
ng
i
bl
e
cultu
ral
her
i
ta
ge
a
nd
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
[
18
]
,
[
19]
.
The det
ai
le
d
e
xp
la
nation
of
t
hese cate
gories
is d
isc
us
se
d
in
the
nex
t
sect
io
n.
Figure
1
.
Cult
ural
H
e
rita
ge
Cl
assifi
cat
ion
fro
m
U
NES
CO
[21]
2.1.1 T
angibl
e C
ult
ural
Heri
tage
Tan
gib
le
c
ultu
ral
he
rita
ge
is
a
he
rita
ge
that
can
t
o
be
see
n
a
nd
to
uch
e
d.
It
incl
ud
es
bu
il
din
gs
a
nd
histor
ic
al
sit
es
,
m
on
um
ents,
artefact
s,
a
nd
oth
e
rs,
w
hi
ch
a
re
c
onsid
ered
im
po
rtan
t
an
d
valua
ble
to
be
m
ai
ntained
f
or
the
f
uture.
F
urt
her
m
or
e,
ta
ng
i
ble
cultu
ral
he
r
it
age
al
so
c
omprises
t
he
m
at
e
rial
rem
ai
ns
of
hu
m
an
act
ivit
ie
s,
wor
ks
,
de
velo
pm
e
nts
an
d
ac
hie
vem
ents
su
ch
as
ci
ti
es
an
d
towns,
palac
es,
vill
ages
,
t
e
m
ples,
m
auso
le
um
s
and
m
anu
factu
ri
ng
pla
nts
[20].
Tan
gib
le
c
ultura
l
her
it
ag
e
ca
n
be
div
i
ded
int
o
im
m
ov
a
ble
he
rita
ge
Cul
tural Heri
tage
Tangib
l
e c
ul
tural he
ritage
Mov
abl
e herita
ge
Pai
nti
ngs
Sc
ul
ptures
Fur
ni
tur
e
W
al
l
pai
nti
ngs
Imm
ov
abl
e herita
ge
Hi
s
toric
al
bui
l
di
n
gs
Monu
ment
Arc
haeol
ogi
c
al
s
i
tes
Intangi
bl
e c
ul
tural he
ritage
O
ral
tr
adi
ti
ons
& expr
es
s
i
on
Soc
i
al
habi
ts
, ritu
al
s
& fe
s
ti
v
a
l
Tr
adi
ti
onal
s
k
i
l
l
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Digital Pre
ser
vation of
I
ntan
gib
le
C
ultura
l
Herit
age
(
Nor
Azan M
at Zi
n
)
1375
and
m
ov
able
he
rita
ge
as
s
ho
wn
in
Fi
gure
1
[
21
]
.
Im
m
ov
a
ble
her
it
age
in
cl
ud
es
histor
ic
al
buil
ding,
m
on
um
ent,
arch
ae
ologica
l
sit
es
m
eanw
hile
m
ov
able
her
i
ta
ge
incl
ud
e
s
pa
inti
ng
s
,
sc
ulp
t
ur
es
,
fur
nitur
e
and
wall
pai
nting
s
wh
ic
h
a
re is
usual
ly
d
ispla
ye
d i
n
m
us
eum
s o
r
stor
e
d
i
n
a
rch
i
ves or resea
rc
h ce
nters
.
2.1.2 In
t
angib
le
C
ult
ural
He
ri
tage
In
ta
ng
i
ble
cul
tural
her
it
age
involve
s
the
or
al
t
rad
it
io
ns
a
nd
ex
pre
ssion
s
,
incl
ud
i
ng
la
ngua
ge;
perform
ing
art
s,
s
ocial
ha
bit
s,
ritual
s,
a
nd
festi
vals;
sci
ence
a
nd
ha
bits
relat
ed
to
nat
ur
e
an
d
w
or
l
d;
an
d
tradit
ion
al
sk
il
ls
[
21
]
.
I
ntan
gibl
e
cultural
he
rita
ge
al
s
o
c
on
ta
i
ns
hum
an
act
or
m
otion
th
at
c
an
be
see
n,
to
uc
hed,
per
cei
ved,
in
ha
le
d,
or
hea
rd
w
hen
it
was
done
or
existe
d,
but
can
no
l
onge
r
be
en
joye
d
wh
e
n
it
do
es
n
ot
exis
t
or
e
nd
[22].
F
urt
her
m
or
e,
th
e
Cult
ur
al
He
rita
ge
Co
nv
e
ntio
n
def
i
nes
intan
gi
ble
c
ultura
l
heri
ta
ge
as
the
pr
a
ct
ic
es,
represe
ntati
on
s
,
ex
pr
e
ssio
ns
,
knowle
dge,
sk
il
l
s
as
well
as
t
he
instru
m
ents,
obj
ect
s,
a
rtefact
s
and
cultu
ral
s
pa
ces
associat
ed
t
herewi
th
that
c
omm
un
it
ie
s,
gr
ou
ps
a
nd,
in
so
m
e
cases,
i
nd
i
vidu
al
s
recog
nize
a
s
pa
rt
of
thei
r
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
t
his
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
,
t
ran
s
m
itted
f
r
om
gen
erati
on
to
ge
ne
rati
on,
is
c
on
s
ta
ntly
recreate
d
by
c
omm
un
it
ie
s
and
gro
ups
in
re
s
pon
se
to
their
env
i
ronm
ent,
their
i
nteracti
on
with
nat
ur
e
a
nd
t
heir
histor
y,
an
d
pr
ov
i
des
t
hem
with
a
se
ns
e
of
id
entit
y
and
co
nt
inu
it
y,
th
us
pro
m
ot
ing
resp
e
ct
for
c
ultur
al
dive
rsity
and hum
an
cre
at
ivit
y [1
8].
In
20
03,
U
NE
SCO
has
cat
egorized
inta
ngible
cultu
ra
l
he
rita
ge
i
nto
fi
ve
dom
ai
ns
,
nam
el
y
or
al
tradit
ion
s
a
nd
expressi
on
s
th
at
inclu
de
la
ng
uag
e;
pe
rfo
rm
i
ng
a
rts;
s
ocial
pr
act
ic
es,
ritua
ls
an
d
festi
ve
e
ven
ts;
knowle
dge
a
nd
pract
ic
es
co
nc
ern
i
ng
nat
ur
e
a
nd
the
unive
rse
an
d
tra
diti
on
al
craftsm
ansh
ip
.
The
ex
plana
ti
on
of
ever
y
dom
ai
ns
is shown i
n
Ta
ble 1.
Table
1.
E
xpla
nation o
n
i
ntan
gib
le
c
ultu
ral
he
rita
ge do
m
ai
n
[
21
]
I
nta
ng
i
ble
cult
ur
al
h
erit
age
is
i
m
po
rtant
i
n
m
ai
ntaining
th
e
cultur
al
div
e
r
sit
y
in
the
face o
f
a
gro
wi
ng
globali
zat
ion
.
Unde
rstan
ding
of
i
ntan
gib
le
cultural
her
it
a
ge
am
on
g
dif
f
eren
t
c
omm
un
i
ti
es
would
e
nc
oura
ge
m
utu
al
resp
ect
for
the
way
a
com
m
un
it
y
l
ives,
s
o
in
orde
r
to
sust
ai
n
this
intangi
ble
cult
ur
al
her
it
age
f
or
t
he
fu
t
ur
e,
prese
rvat
ion
s
houl
d be
carr
ie
d ou
t
dili
gen
tl
y.
2.2
.
C
ultur
al
Heri
tage
Pres
ervatio
n
An
act
io
n
tha
t
preser
ves
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
ob
j
ect
s
a
nd
hist
or
ic
al
ob
j
ect
s
ca
n
be
def
i
ned
as
pr
ese
r
vation
[
7]
.
Pr
ese
rvat
ion
is
an
act
or
proces
s
t
o
ta
ke
act
ion
t
o
def
e
nd
the
existi
ng
f
or
m
,
integ
rity
an
d
m
at
erial
of
a
buil
ding
or
str
uc
ture
a
nd
prote
ct
ive
pla
nt
of
a
sit
e
[
23
]
.
M
oreo
ver,
Ma
la
ysi
a
Nati
onal
He
rita
ge
Act,
2005
(
Act
64
5)
al
so
ha
s
sta
te
d
that
pres
erv
at
io
n
is
a
n
a
ct
that
ai
m
s
to
stop
f
ur
t
her
de
te
rior
at
io
n,
dec
ay
or
ob
s
olete
c
onditi
on
s
of
bu
il
di
ngs,
m
onum
ents and site
s.
Ther
e
a
re
f
our
m
ajo
r
im
po
rt
ance
of
cultu
r
al
he
rita
ge
pre
serv
at
io
n
-
f
or
c
ultur
al
m
e
m
or
y,
distance
facil
it
ie
s,
en
vironm
ental
dive
rsity
an
d
ec
onom
ic
ben
e
fits
[
1].
Her
it
a
ge
el
e
m
en
t
play
s
an
im
po
rta
nt
r
ole
i
n
cultural
m
e
m
o
rial
as
the
pr
es
erv
at
io
n
of
cul
tural
he
rita
ge
c
an
preser
ve
physi
cal
m
at
erial
in
ph
ysi
cal
f
orm
and
can
tran
sfe
r
t
he
val
uab
le
knowle
dge
a
nd
s
kill
s
f
ro
m
the
previ
ous
ge
ner
at
io
n
to
t
he
prese
nt
a
nd
f
uture
gen
e
rati
ons.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e,
th
e
prese
rv
at
io
n
of
cultu
ral
her
it
age
ca
n
su
pp
or
t
the
i
nteracti
on
bet
ween
env
i
ronm
ents,
hu
m
ans
a
nd
c
om
m
un
it
y
act
ivi
ti
es.
The
di
versi
ty
of
t
he
e
nviro
nm
ent
as
the
ide
ntit
y
of
t
he
local
com
m
un
it
y
an
d
the
prese
rv
at
i
on
of
c
ultura
l
he
rita
ge
will
reta
in
local
artefa
ct
s
and
local
ar
ti
sans
in
li
ne
w
it
h
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
a
s
ociet
y.
I
n
te
rm
of
eco
nom
ic
pr
ofi
ta
bili
ty
,
pr
e
ser
vatio
n
can
be
nef
it
th
e
com
m
un
it
y
i
n
tw
o
ways
s
uch
as
sa
ving
c
os
ts
i
n
te
rm
s
of
c
onstr
uc
ti
ng
ne
w
bu
il
di
ng
s
a
nd
be
com
ing
to
ur
ist
at
tra
ct
i
on
s.
F
ur
t
herm
or
e,
Do
m
ain
Exp
lan
atio
n
Oral
t
raditio
n
s an
d
exp
ressio
n
An
eno
r
m
o
u
s v
arie
ty
of
sp
o
k
en
f
o
r
m
s
inclu
d
in
g
p
rov
erbs
,
ridd
les, t
ales, nu
rser
y
rhy
m
es,
leg
en
d
s,
m
y
th
s,
epic so
n
g
s an
d
po
e
m
s,
char
m
s, pray
ers,
chan
ts,
so
n
g
s, dra
m
atic pe
rf
o
r
m
an
ces and
m
o
re
Perf
o
r
m
in
g
ar
ts
Ran
g
e f
ro
m
vo
cal
an
d
ins
tru
m
en
tal
m
u
sic
,
d
an
ce
an
d
th
eatre
to p
an
to
m
i
m
e
,
su
n
g
verse and
beyon
d
.
So
cial practices
,
ri
tu
als an
d
f
estiv
e
ev
en
ts
Hab
itu
al activities
th
at structu
re
th
e li
v
es o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ities an
d
g
rou
p
s an
d
that are s
h
ared by a
n
d
relevan
t to
m
an
y
o
f
their
m
e
m
b
ers.
Kn
o
wled
g
e and
practices con
cernin
g
n
atu
re
an
d
the u
n
iv
erse
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
k
n
o
wh
o
w,
sk
ills, practi
ce
s an
d
represen
tatio
n
s d
ev
elo
p
ed
by
co
m
m
u
n
ities b
y
in
terac
tin
g
with th
e natu
ral
en
v
iron
m
en
t.
Tr
ad
itio
n
al cr
af
ts
m
a
n
sh
ip
Sk
ills an
d
kn
o
wled
g
e inv
o
lv
ed
in craf
ts
m
an
sh
ip
r
ath
er
th
an
the cra
f
t pro
d
u
cts th
e
m
selv
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
373
–
1379
1376
cultural
he
rita
ge
prese
rv
at
io
n
can
c
ontrib
ute
to
oth
e
r
a
sp
ect
s
of
li
fe,
suc
h
a
s
to
ur
ism
,
co
nt
ent
in
dustry,
se
cur
it
y
and d
e
fe
ns
e, a
nd busi
ness [7
]
.
Currentl
y,
the
world
c
ultu
ral
her
it
age
is
t
hr
e
at
ened
by
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
urb
an
c
ultu
re
,
r
a
pid
pac
e
of
li
fe
,
te
ch
nol
og
ic
al
a
nd
ec
onom
ic
grow
t
h
[
24
]
,
[
25
]
.
This
sit
uation
ca
us
e
s
the
y
ounger
ge
ner
at
io
n
t
o
ha
ve
lo
w
le
vel
of
a
war
e
ness
a
bout
the
ir
ow
n
her
it
ag
e
an
d
t
hey
see
m
disinterest
ed
i
n
le
ar
ning
about
t
he
knowle
dg
e
con
ce
r
ning
pr
e
serv
at
io
n
of
c
ul
tural
he
rita
ge.
Seve
ral
ef
forts
hav
e
bee
n
ca
rr
i
ed
ou
t
by
ce
rtai
n
age
ncies
s
uc
h
as
UN
E
SCO
,
t
o
e
ncou
rag
e
pr
ese
rv
at
io
n
of
he
rita
ge
i
n
so
ci
et
y.
O
ne
of
the
ef
f
or
ts
un
der
ta
ke
n
by
U
NES
C
O
was
the
la
un
c
h
of
t
he
"M
em
or
y
of
the
World"
pro
gr
am
in
1992.
Am
on
g
the
obj
ec
ti
ves
of
t
he
pro
gram
wer
e
to
prom
ote
the
pr
eserv
at
io
n
of
w
or
l
d
he
rita
ge,
t
o
hel
p
re
gional
acce
ss
to
le
gac
y
doc
um
entaries
th
r
ough
t
radi
ti
on
al
m
et
ho
ds
a
nd
dig
it
al
te
ch
no
l
og
y,
a
nd
to
r
ai
se
awa
ren
e
s
s
ab
out
the
e
xistence
an
d
i
m
po
rtance
of
le
gacy
do
c
um
entaries.
In
Ma
la
ysi
a,
t
he
gove
r
nm
ent
ha
s
est
a
blishe
d
a
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Nati
onal
Her
it
age
(
Jaba
ta
n
War
isa
n
Neg
a
ra)
in
20
06,
as
one
of
the
e
ffor
ts
to
ward
her
it
ag
e
pr
ese
r
vation.
This
dep
a
rtm
e
nt
is
re
spo
ns
ible
f
or
conser
ving,
pr
e
serv
i
ng,
protec
ti
ng
an
d
pr
om
oting
the
he
r
it
ag
e
in
Ma
la
ysi
a.
More
ov
e
r,
th
r
ough
this
de
pa
rtm
ent,
Nati
on
al
Her
it
age
A
ct
(Act
645)
w
as
i
ntrod
uced,
the
m
ai
n
obj
ect
ive
is
to
fo
c
us o
n t
he
preserv
at
io
n
of
na
ti
on
al
her
it
age
,
ta
ngi
ble
cultu
ral
he
r
it
age,
intan
gib
l
e
cultur
al
he
rita
ge
a
nd
nat
ur
a
l
her
it
age
.
T
h
e
act
al
so
pr
ov
i
de
s
the
basic
ru
le
s
an
d
regulat
ion
s
pert
ai
nin
g
the
prot
ect
ion
a
nd
m
anag
em
ent
of
he
r
it
age
treas
ur
es
besides
est
abli
sh
in
g
a
Nati
on
al
Heri
ta
ge
List
.
Ma
la
ysi
a
al
so
sup
port
this
ef
fort
by
fo
c
us
i
ng
m
or
e
on
pr
ese
rv
i
ng
a
nd
co
nse
rv
i
ng
ta
ng
ible
an
d
i
nt
ang
ible
cultu
r
al
h
erit
age
pr
oducts
thro
ugh
t
he Ninth
Mal
ay
sia
Plan
(RM
K 9)
.
2.3
.
In
t
angib
le
cultur
al her
ita
ge
preser
va
tion
Currentl
y,
t
he
effor
ts
to
prese
rv
e
a
nd
sa
fegu
ard
c
ultur
al
he
r
it
age
do
not
on
ly
fo
c
us
on
phy
sic
al
obj
ect
s
su
c
h
as
buil
dings
an
d
the
ir
s
urr
oundin
gs
,
but
include
inta
ngible
cultu
ral
her
it
age
,
su
c
h
as
la
nguag
e
,
ar
t,
an
d
custom
s
[2
6].
Howe
ver,
a
dif
fer
e
nt
ap
proac
h
is
nee
ded
for
intangi
ble
cultural
he
rita
ge
preser
vatio
n,
ba
sed
on
reco
m
m
end
at
ion
s
by
UN
E
S
CO
w
hich
st
re
ssed
the
neces
s
it
y
to
in
vo
l
ve
the
com
m
un
it
y
perform
ers’
to
protect
their
tradit
io
ns
[27].
I
n
the
2003
c
onve
ntio
n,
UN
E
SCO
ha
s
set
a
li
st
of
gu
i
delines
or
regulat
ion
s
for
the
protect
ion
of
i
ntan
gib
le
c
ultu
ral
he
rita
ge.
T
he
guideli
nes
aim
to
protect
the
us
e,
re
pr
es
entat
ion
,
e
xpre
ssi
on,
knowle
dge
a
nd
te
ch
nique
t
hat
com
m
un
it
ie
s,
gro
up
s
a
nd
in
di
vid
uals
rec
ogni
ze
as
par
t
of
th
ei
r
cult
ur
al
her
i
ta
ge.
More
ov
e
r,
th
e
m
ai
n
intel
le
ct
ual
and
op
e
rati
onal
ste
ps
to
be
fo
ll
owe
d
by
a
gove
rn
m
ent
of
a
country
an
d
in
the
internati
onal
le
vel to p
ro
te
ct
i
ntan
gib
le
c
ultu
ral h
e
rita
ge
a
re
also i
ntrod
uce
d durin
g
t
he
c
onve
ntio
n.
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
U
NES
C
O
has
st
arted
se
ver
al
pro
j
ect
s
relat
ed
t
o
the
pr
otect
ion
of
i
ntan
gib
le
cultu
ral
her
it
age
[
28]
.
The
m
os
t
pro
m
inent
ones
a
r
e
the
est
a
blish
m
ent
of
tw
o
li
s
ts
that
ha
ve
be
en
release
d
in
t
he
2003
Conve
ntion
on
the
List
of
I
nta
ng
i
ble
Cult
ur
al
He
rita
ge
I
nter
national
List
s
a
nd
I
ntan
gib
le
Cult
ur
al
He
rita
ge
List
wh
ic
h
require
i
m
m
ediat
e
pr
ot
ect
ion
.
T
he
li
sts
inclu
de
a
n
in
te
rn
at
io
nal
in
ve
ntory
of
t
rad
it
ion
al
e
xpressi
ons
a
nd
they
c
an
be
ac
cessed
on
li
ne,
includi
ng
the
photog
raphs
a
nd
a
udio
-
vis
ua
l
reco
r
di
ng
s
of
cultural
e
xpre
ssion
s
.
The
in
ven
t
or
y
act
s
as
a
n
ar
chive
s
ource
that
raises
a
wa
ren
es
s
of
tra
di
ti
on
al
e
xpressi
on
s
i
n
a
c
omm
un
it
y.
Howe
ver,
the
weakness
of
t
hi
s
li
sts
is
that
t
hey
only
aim
t
o
prom
ote
rath
er
tha
n
to
creat
e
act
ivit
ie
s
that
hav
e
direct im
pact o
n
the
local c
omm
un
it
y [2
9].
The
ra
pid
de
ve
lop
m
ent
of
te
chnolo
gy
has
i
niti
at
ed
ne
w
init
ia
ti
ves
to
pr
eserv
e
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
.
Di
gital
pr
ese
rv
at
io
n
is
on
e
of
t
he
te
chnol
ogic
al
appr
oach
t
hat
can
be
us
e
d
for
prese
rv
at
io
n
of
intangi
ble
c
ultur
e
he
rita
ge.
It
is
not
only
a
way
of
pr
ese
r
vi
ng
our
cultu
ra
l
her
it
age
but
it
al
so
pro
vid
es
an
easy
too
l
to
arc
hiv
e
the
m
at
erial
as
re
fe
ren
ces
for
e
ducat
ion
pu
rposes,
es
peci
al
ly
for
t
he
f
u
ture
ge
ne
rati
on
[
2].
More
ov
e
r, t
he a
ct
o
f
preser
vi
ng and a
rc
hiv
i
ng are
ab
le
t
o
s
us
ta
in t
he digit
iz
ed
res
ources
[16].
On
e
of
t
he
di
gi
ta
l
pr
eser
vatio
n
was
ca
rr
ie
d
ou
t
by
the
Ce
ntre
f
or
Tra
diti
on
al
Ar
ts
&
E
thnolo
gy
in
Lua
ng
Pr
a
ba
ng,
La
os
.
As
the
preser
vatio
n
m
et
ho
d,
they
ha
ve
recorde
d
a
ud
i
o
a
nd
vi
deo
of
the
I
u
Mi
e
n
Ne
w
Year
cel
eb
rati
on
us
in
g
hi
gh
de
finiti
on
dig
it
al
aud
i
o
a
nd
vid
e
o.
The
a
uthors
m
entioned
that
the
co
nce
rn
is
wh
e
n
old
e
r
gen
e
rati
ons
disap
pea
r,
t
he
c
ultur
al
tra
diti
on
s
an
d
ritual
s
ass
ociat
ed
with
this
feast
m
a
y
be
lo
st
f
or
e
ver.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
di
gi
ta
li
zation
of
i
ntan
gib
le
c
ultu
ral
he
rita
ge,
t
hro
ugh
dig
it
al
m
edia
and
m
ob
il
e
te
chnolo
gy
can
po
te
ntial
ly
p
re
serv
e
them
f
or
the futu
re
gene
rati
on
s
[3
0].
More
ef
forts
a
r
e
re
qu
i
red
f
or
di
gital
pr
ese
r
vation.
St
ud
ie
s
f
rom
Hu
,
L
v
a
nd
Zha
ng
[
11]
co
nc
urred
that
dig
it
al
pr
ese
rvat
ion
f
or
inta
ngible
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
a
re
sti
ll
ne
eded.
Digital
iz
at
ion
of
i
ntan
gib
le
cultu
ral
he
rita
ge
knowle
dge
sho
uld
be
m
ade
t
o
retai
n
t
he
knowle
dge
an
d
s
kill
s
of
i
ntan
gib
l
e
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
i
n
a
la
sti
ng
an
d
syst
e
m
atic
fo
r
m
.
It
is
i
m
po
rtant
to
en
sure
the
con
ti
nuit
y
of
t
his
le
gacy
f
or
t
he
f
uture
ge
ne
r
at
ion
s.
T
he
re
m
ai
nin
g
sect
ion
s
presen
t
a
stud
y
on
the
curre
nt
prese
r
vation
m
et
ho
ds
of
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
her
it
a
ge
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
an
d
the
need f
or d
i
gital
preser
vatio
n
f
r
om
ex
per
t’
s
pe
rsp
ect
ive
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Digital Pre
ser
vation of
I
ntan
gib
le
C
ultura
l
Herit
age
(
Nor
Azan M
at Zi
n
)
1377
3.
METHO
D
A
s
urvey
us
i
ng
an
inter
view
m
et
hod
is
us
e
d
to
gat
her
the
data
in
t
his
st
ud
y.
T
he
obj
ect
ive
s
of
the
stu
dy
are
to
ide
ntify
t
he
le
vel
of
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
a
war
e
ness
,
the
c
urren
t
preser
va
ti
on
m
et
ho
d
an
d
t
he
need
f
or
dig
it
al
pr
ese
r
vation of
intan
gib
le
cult
ur
al
h
e
rita
ge
from
the
ex
per
ts
’
per
s
pecti
ves
.
The
re
are
th
re
e
phases
in
volved
i
n
this stu
dy whic
h
a
re s
et
up,
d
at
a colle
ct
ion an
d data analy
sis.
In
set
up
phase,
the
obj
ect
ive
s
of
the
stu
dy
wer
e
ide
ntifie
d
an
d
t
he
qu
e
sti
on
s
f
or
the
int
erv
ie
w
wer
e
const
ru
ct
e
d
ba
sed
on
li
te
ratur
e
.
The
qu
e
sti
on
s
wer
e
div
ide
d
into
t
hree
sect
ion
s
w
hich
ar
e
Sect
ion
A
:
Dem
og
ra
ph
ic
s,
Sect
ion
B:
Ex
per
ie
nc
e
in
cultural
her
it
age
do
m
ai
n
and
Sect
io
n
C
:
Cult
ur
al
he
r
it
age
do
c
um
entat
ion.
Inf
or
m
ants
are
al
so
ide
ntifi
ed;
they
are
fi
ve
ex
per
ts
i
n
cultural
her
it
age;
an
officer
of
the
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Nati
onal
Her
i
ta
ge,
P
er
bad
a
na
n
Kem
aju
an
Kr
a
ftan
gan
M
al
ay
sia
,
Lem
b
aga
M
uzium
Neg
e
ri
Tereng
ganu
a
nd tw
o
c
raf
tsm
en.
They
ha
ve
a
t l
east
8
yea
rs
’ e
xp
e
rie
nce
in
c
ultur
al
her
it
a
ge
dom
ai
n.
Nex
t,
data
c
ol
le
ct
ion
was
ca
rr
ie
d
out
us
in
g
sem
i
structu
r
ed
i
nter
view.
The
inter
view
er
as
ke
d
the
inf
or
m
ants
to
a
ns
we
r
the
ques
ti
on
s
i
n
t
he
i
nterv
ie
w
sc
he
du
l
e
an
d
in
ad
diti
on,
as
ke
d
f
ur
th
er
pro
bing
que
sti
ons
base
d
on
in
for
m
ants’
fee
db
a
ck
to
get
f
ur
th
er
inf
orm
ation
.
Each
inter
vie
w
sessio
n
was
recorde
d
to
fa
ci
li
ta
te
data
analy
sis
process.
T
he
la
st
ste
p
w
as
a
naly
zi
ng
a
nswer
s
f
r
om
the
intervie
w.
T
he
obta
ine
d
data
we
re
a
na
ly
zed
us
in
g
t
hem
atic analy
sis t
ech
niq
ue
s to
ide
ntif
y, anal
yz
e a
nd
repor
t acc
ordi
ng to
the t
hem
es
.
4.
RESU
LT
A
N
D DIS
CUSSI
ON
In this sect
io
n,
we disc
us
s
the
resu
lt
s
base
d o
n
the
f
i
nd
i
ng
s
fro
m
the inter
vi
ews.
4.1
.
Findi
n
gs
on
c
ultur
al he
ri
tage
awaren
ess
The
res
ults
on
t
he
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
awa
re
ness
show
ed
that
m
os
t
of
t
he
i
nform
ants
(80%
)
be
li
eved
t
hat
the
le
vel
of
co
m
m
un
it
y
aware
ness
is
l
ow,
as
sho
wn
i
n
Fi
gu
re
2.
T
he
pe
op
l
e
are
sti
ll
not
a
war
e
of
the
im
portanc
e
of
pr
ese
r
ving the h
e
rita
ge,
es
pecial
ly
the intang
i
ble cu
lt
ura
l her
it
age.
T
he
y al
so
i
m
plied that the c
omm
un
it
y i
s
no
t
intere
ste
d
in
knowin
g
a
nd
pr
ese
r
ving
t
he
her
it
age
e
ven
t
hough
th
ere
ha
ve
bee
n
sug
ges
ti
on
s
f
ro
m
the
le
ade
r
s
to
preser
ve
the
her
it
age
,
an
d
m
any
resea
rch
a
r
ti
cl
es
hav
e
bee
n
pu
blishe
d
re
ga
rd
i
ng
t
he
im
p
or
ta
nce
of
this
issue
.
If
t
his
sit
uatio
n
re
m
ai
ned
unc
ha
ng
e
d,
the
he
rita
ge
ca
n
be
lo
st.
H
ow
e
ver,
var
i
ou
s
ef
forts
have
bee
n
m
ade
to
raise
public
awa
re
ne
ss,
s
uch
as
wor
ks
ho
p
-
de
velo
pm
ent
pro
gr
am
s
an
d
f
orum
s,
or
gan
iz
in
g
e
xhibi
ti
on
s
i
n
a
natio
nw
i
de
prom
otion
a
nd
creati
ng
a
li
ve
m
us
eum
.
In
add
it
io
n,
ed
u
c
at
ion
al
prom
ot
ion
s
su
c
h
a
s
a
war
e
ness
pro
gram
s
in
pr
im
ary and
se
conda
ry scho
ols as wel
l as s
hort a
nd lo
ng ter
m
trai
nin
g are
al
so
held.
Figure
2
.
Level
of c
ultur
al
heri
ta
ge
awa
ren
e
s
s
4.2
.
Fin
dings
o
n
int
angibl
e
cultur
al herit
ag
e
preser
vati
on
m
eth
od
The
fin
dings
f
r
om
the
intervie
w
s
howe
d
that
the
pract
it
ion
er
s
of
intan
gib
le
cultural
her
it
ag
e
su
c
h
a
s
craftsm
en,
tra
ns
fe
rr
e
d
their
knowle
dge
by
oral
a
nd
prac
ti
cal
m
et
ho
ds,
the
sam
e
wa
y
they
i
nh
e
rite
d
t
heir
knowle
dge
fro
m
pr
evio
us
ge
ner
at
io
n.
T
he
f
our
i
nfor
m
an
ts
sta
te
d
t
hat
no
do
c
um
entat
ion
was
rec
orde
d
durin
g
the
kn
ow
le
dg
e trans
fer
p
r
oces
s
thu
s
the k
no
wled
ge
rem
ai
n
undoc
um
ente
d
a
nd
unprese
r
ved.
Mo
re
ov
e
r
,
al
l
the
inf
or
m
ants
,
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e
3
co
nclu
de
d
that
pr
e
sently
th
e
pr
act
it
ion
e
rs
of
inta
ng
i
ble
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
st
or
e
d
their
knowle
dge
i
n
t
heir
m
e
m
or
y,
with
out
sp
eci
fic
pres
erv
at
io
n
m
et
h
od
to
retai
n
t
he
knowle
dge.
The
se
pr
act
ic
es
sho
w
that
the
her
it
ag
e
kn
ow
le
dg
e
a
nd
s
kill
s
s
olely
de
pe
nd
on
eac
h
pract
it
ion
er
,
without
a
ny
sta
nda
r
d
or ag
reed m
et
ho
d am
on
g
t
he
m
.
80%
20%
Low
Hi
gh
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
1
373
–
1379
1378
Figure
3
.
Cu
rr
e
nt prese
rv
at
io
n m
e
tho
d o
f
i
ntang
i
ble cu
lt
ur
al
her
it
age
4.3
.
Fin
dings
o
n
t
he
nee
d for d
i
git
al pres
ervatio
n
All
inform
ants
in
Fig
ur
e
4
,
rec
ognized
t
he
ne
ed
to
dig
it
iz
e
the
he
rita
ge
kn
owle
dge
an
d
s
kill
s
so
that
it
can
be
sto
red
per
m
anen
tl
y
f
or
pr
es
er
vation
and
sa
fegua
rd.
Wh
il
e
the
re
a
re
s
om
e
effor
ts
to
kee
p
this
c
ultur
al
her
it
age
knowle
dg
e
in
the
f
or
m
of
re
posit
or
i
es
in
s
om
e
gove
rn
m
ent
age
nci
es
but
it
is
on
ly
f
or
inter
nal
use
.
T
he
public
can
no
t
acce
ss
the
re
posit
or
y
to
get
m
or
e
in
f
or
m
at
ion
ab
out
cultura
l
her
it
age.
T
his
requires
m
or
e
effort
to
pr
ese
r
ve
t
he
he
rita
ge
s
o
t
ha
t
it
can
be
acc
essed
by
the
public
to
inc
rea
se
thei
r
a
war
e
ne
ss
a
nd
t
o
e
nsure
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
do
es not
beco
m
e extinct a
nd can
b
e
protect
ed
for t
he fut
ur
e
g
e
ner
at
io
ns
.
Figure
4
.
The
need o
f digit
al
iz
at
ion
of intan
gib
le
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge kno
wledg
e
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Cult
ur
al
he
rita
ge
is
im
po
rtant
to
be
pr
es
er
ve
d
an
d
protect
ed
for
the
fu
t
ur
e
gen
e
rati
on.
He
rita
ge
re
flect
a
com
m
un
it
y’s
ide
ntit
y,
the
refor
e
they
m
us
t
be
prese
rved.
A
pa
rt
fro
m
pr
eser
vatio
n
of
ta
ng
i
ble
her
it
age
,
intangi
ble
c
ultur
al
he
rita
ge
is
al
so
a
n
im
po
r
ta
nt
dom
ai
n
th
at
nee
ded
pr
e
s
erv
at
io
n.
I
n
di
gital
te
ch
no
l
ogy
era
,
dig
it
al
prese
rv
a
ti
on
is
one
of
th
e
m
et
ho
ds
t
o
protect
this
valua
ble
her
it
age
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
la
c
k
of
di
gital
pr
es
er
va
ti
on
of
the
i
ntan
gibl
e
cultural
he
rita
ge
re
quires
m
or
e
effor
ts
t
o
be
m
ade
to
preven
t
the
he
rita
ge
from
disap
pear
i
ng
and b
ec
om
ing
extinct
.
This
pap
e
r
has
discusse
d
on
her
it
age
a
nd
presente
d
re
su
lt
s
from
the
pr
el
i
m
inary
stud
y
on
iss
ues
of
intangi
ble
c
ult
ur
al
he
rita
ge,
sp
eci
fical
ly
th
e
nee
d
f
or
m
or
e
e
ffor
ts
to
preser
ve
it
.
T
he
re
is
a
l
ow
le
vel
of
awar
e
ness
i
n
pr
ese
r
ving
int
ang
i
ble
cultu
r
al
her
it
age
am
ong
the
s
ociet
y
and
pr
ese
ntly
the
pr
act
it
io
ner
s
of
her
it
age
keep
t
he
knowle
dge
in
thei
r
m
e
m
or
y
as
a
pr
ese
rv
a
ti
on
m
et
ho
d.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
they
a
re
a
war
e
of
the
ne
e
d
to
prese
rv
e
th
e
knowle
dge
a
nd
sk
il
ls
dig
it
al
ly
.
Ther
e
fore
,
di
gital
pr
e
ser
vation
is
sig
ni
ficant
to
be
us
ed
for
intangi
ble
cult
ur
al
her
it
age
knowle
dge
as
a
pr
ese
r
vation
m
et
hod.
F
uture
s
tud
y
will
look
into
be
s
t
ap
pro
aches
to prese
rv
e
int
ang
i
ble h
e
rita
ge
of local c
raf
t.
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NT
The
a
utho
r
would
li
ke
to
ac
knowle
dge
U
ni
ver
sit
i
Keb
a
ng
saan
Ma
la
ysi
a
f
or
f
undi
ng
this
r
esearc
h
unde
r
the
Gr
a
nd
C
h
al
le
nge
Fund
(
DCP
-
20
17
-
007/2).
We
al
so
tha
nk
t
he
Sk
im
Lat
ihan
A
ka
dem
ik
(S
LAB)/
Sk
im
Lati
han
Ak
a
dem
ik I
PT
A
(
SL
AI),
Mi
ni
stry of Hi
gh
e
r Ed
ucati
on of
Ma
la
ysi
a.
5
0
By
thems
el
v
es
O
ther
s
5
0
Nee
d
O
ther
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Digital Pre
ser
vation of
I
ntan
gib
le
C
ultura
l
Herit
age
(
Nor
Azan M
at Zi
n
)
1379
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
Prom
pa
y
uk
an
d
P.
Chai
r
at
t
ana
n
on.
Preserva
ti
on
of
Cult
ura
l
Heri
t
age
Com
m
unity
:
Cases
of
Thaila
n
d
and
Deve
lope
d
Countri
es.
Proc
e
dia
-
Soci
al
and
B
ehav
ioral
Scienc
es.
2016;
234:
2
39
–
243.
[2]
M.
Z.
Idris,
N.
B.
Mus
ta
ffa
,
an
d
S.
O.
S
y
ed
Yus
off.
Preserva
tion
of
Int
angi
bl
e
Cult
ura
l
Her
it
a
ge
Us
ing
Advan
ce
Digit
al Technol
o
g
y
:
Iss
ues
and
C
hal
l
enge
s.
Har
monia:
Journal of
Arts
Re
search
&
Ed
ucat
ion.
2
016;
16(1):
1
-
13.
[3]
Z.
Abd
Man
af
a
nd
A.
Ism
ai
l
.
M
al
a
y
si
an
cu
lt
ur
al
her
i
ta
ge
a
t
risk
?
:
A
ca
se
stud
y
of
digitisa
ti
on
proje
c
ts.
Libr
ary.
Re
v
ie
w
.
2010;
5
9(2):
107
-
116
.
[4]
C.
L.
L
ie
w.
Onl
ine
cultura
l
h
eritag
e
exh
ibi
t
ions:
A
surv
e
y
of
in
form
at
ion
r
et
r
ieva
l
fe
at
ure
s.
Elec
troni
c
Libr
ary
Information
Syst
em.
2005;
39(1):
4
-
24.
[5]
UN
ESCO,
Opera
ti
on
al
Guid
el
in
es
for
th
e
Im
plem
ent
at
ion
of
th
e
W
orld
Heri
ta
g
e
Convent
ion
.
Pari
s:
UN
ESCO
W
o
rl
d
Heri
ta
g
e
C
ent
re
,
2015.
[6]
T.
Petronela
.
Th
e
Im
porta
n
ce
of
the
In
ta
ng
ibl
e
C
ult
ura
l
Her
it
ag
e
in
th
e
Ec
onom
y
.
Proce
d
ia
Ec
ono
mics
and
Fi
nanc
e
.
2016;
39:
731
–
7
36.
[7]
H.
Kurniawa
n
,
A.
Sali
m
,
H.
Suharta
n
to,
and
Z.
A.
Hasibua
n
.
E
-
Cult
ural
Heri
tag
e
and
Natural
H
istory
Framewor
k:
an
int
egrat
ed
a
pproach
to
digi
t
al
preservat
ion
.
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
C
onfe
ren
c
e
on
T
e
le
comm
unic
atio
n
Te
chno
log
y
a
nd
Applic
a
ti
ons (IA
CS
IT)
.
Singapor
e.
2011
:
177
-
182
[8]
I.
S.
Division.
G
uide
li
n
es
for
the
Prese
rvati
on
of
Digit
al
H
erit
age
.
Nat
ional
L
ibra
r
y
of
Aus
tra
l
ia.
2
003.
[9]
N.
Azm
an,
S.
A
.
Hali
m
,
O.
P.
L
iu,
S.
Said
in,
an
d
I.
Kom
oo.
Public
educ
a
ti
on
in
her
itage
conse
r
vat
ion
for
g
eopark
comm
unity
.
Pro
ce
dia
-
So
ci
al
and
Be
ha
vi
oral
Scie
nce
s
.
2010
;
7
:
5
04
-
511.
[10]
M.
Jaa
far
,
S.
M.
Noor,
and
S.
M.
Rasooli
m
anes
h.
Aw
are
ness
a
nd
will
ingn
es
s
for
enga
gemen
t
of
y
ou
th
on
wor
ld
her
itage
si
te:
A s
tud
y
on
le
nggon
g
arc
h
ae
o
logi
c
al site.
Asian
Soc
i
al
Sc
ie
nc
e
.
2014
;
10(22):
29
-
36.
[11]
J.
Hu,
Y.
Lv
,
a
nd
M.
Zha
ng
.
The
Ontolog
y
Design
of
Inta
n
gibl
e
Cult
ur
al
Heri
ta
g
e
B
ase
d
on
CIDO
C
C
RM.
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
u
-
and
e
-
Serv
ice, Sc
i
ence and Tec
hnolog
y
.
2014;
7(1)
:
261
–
274.
[12]
S.
M.
Noor,
K.
Y.
Li
m
,
and
R.
Moham
ed.
Bu
il
d
ing
Lenggong
W
orld
Heritage
Si
te
Brand
Ide
n
ti
t
y:
Assess
ing
Co
re
Val
ues
Of
Local
Comm
unit
y
.
In
ternat
ion
al
Conf
er
enc
e
on
Touri
sm
Deve
lopment
.
P
ena
ng
.
2013:
22
0
–
231.
[13]
Jaba
ta
n
W
ar
isan
Nega
r
a,
“
Jaba
ta
n
W
ar
isan
Nega
r
a:
Soala
n
L
az
im,
”
2016.
[Onl
ine
]
.
Availabl
e:
htt
p://ww
w.he
ritage
.
gov
.
m
y
/ms
/ke
nali
-
kami/soalan
-
lazim.
[14]
F.
Mat
ara
ss
o.
R
ec
ognising
Cult
ure
–
A
seri
es
of
briefing
pape
rs
on
cul
tur
e
and
dev
el
opm
ent
.
Lo
ndon:
C
ana
d
i
an
Heri
ta
g
e. 2001.
[15]
E.
B
.
T
y
lor
.
Pri
m
it
ive
Cu
lt
ure
: Resea
rch
es
Into
The
Dev
el
opm
e
nt.
London: John Murra
y
,
1871.
[16]
Z.
Abd
Man
af.
T
he
sta
te
of
dig
it
is
at
ion
initiative
s
b
y
cultura
l
insti
t
uti
ons
in
M
al
a
y
s
ia
:
An
expl
or
at
or
y
surv
e
y
.
Libr
ary
Re
v
ie
w
.
2007;
5
6(1):
45
–
60.
[17]
UN
ESCO,
“
Ta
ngib
le
Cul
tur
al
Her
it
a
ge,
”
201
7.
[Onli
ne]
.
Avail
able
:
htt
p://ww
w.une
sco.
org/n
ew/e
n
/cair
o/
cul
tur
e/
t
ang
ibl
e
-
cul
tur
al
-
he
ri
ta
ge
/. [Ac
c
essed:
16
-
Apr
-
2018]
.
[18]
UN
ESCO,
“
Con
vent
ion
for the
S
afe
guar
d
ing
of
t
he
Int
angi
bl
e
Cu
lt
ura
l
Heri
ta
g
e,” 2003.
[19]
M.
Y.
Yus
za
id
y
,
D.
Hana
pi
,
K.
A
b
Sam
ad,
and
O.
D.
Moham
ed
Anw
ar.
Pem
bangun
an
W
ari
san
di
Malay
si
a:
T
injaua
n
Um
u
m
Te
nta
ng
Dasar.
Jurnal
M
el
ayu
.
2010
;
5:
2
77
–
283.
[20]
S.
Hua
.
W
orld
h
eri
t
age
c
la
ss
ifi
c
a
ti
on
and
re
la
t
ed
issues
-
A
c
ase
stud
y
of
th
e
‘Con
ve
nti
on
con
ce
rn
i
ng
th
e
pro
tecti
o
n
of
the world cul
t
ura
l and
n
at
ura
l heri
t
age
.
Proc
ed
ia
-
Soci
al
and
Behavi
oral
S
ci
en
ces
.
2010;
2
(5):
69
54
–
6961.
[21]
UN
ESCO,
“
I
nta
ngible
Her
it
ag
e
dom
ai
n
s
in
the
2003
Con
vent
ion
.
”
[On
li
ne]
.
Avai
la
b
le:
htt
ps://
ic
h
.
unesc
o.
org/e
n
/1c
om
.
[
Acc
essed:
12
-
Oc
t
-
2016]
.
[22]
Jaba
ta
n
W
ar
i
san
Nega
ra
,
“
W
ari
san
Ti
dak
Ke
ta
r
a:
Pengena
l
an,”
2016.
[On
li
ne]
.
Avai
la
b
le
:
htt
p://ww
w.he
ritage
.
gov
.
m
y
/ms
/war
isan
-
ti
d
ak
-
ke
ta
ra
/grp
-
wari
san
-
ti
dak
-
k
et
ar
a
-
pe
ngena
l
an.
[Ac
ce
ss
ed:
23
-
Se
p
-
2017]
.
[23]
E.
L.
How
e,
B.
J.,
Fl
eming,
D
.
A.,
&
Kem
p.
H
ouses
and
Hom
e
s:
Expl
or
ing
Th
ei
r
Histor
y
,
Vo
l
2.
W
al
nut
Cre
e
k:
Rowm
an
Alta
m
ira
,
1997
.
[24]
M.
Alivi
z
at
ou.
Inta
ngible
Heri
t
age
and
Era
sur
e:
Ret
h
inki
ng
Cult
ura
l
Pres
erv
at
ion
and
Cont
emporar
y
Mus
e
u
m
Prac
tice.
Int
ernati
onal Journal
o
f
Cult
ural
Proper
ty
.
2011;
18(1):
37
–
60.
[25]
Loh
G.
S.
Consu
m
pti
on
Patterns
and
Re
ta
i
l
Ac
ti
v
it
ie
s
in
Geo
rge
T
own.
Penang
.
U
nive
rsiti Sains M
al
a
y
s
ia,
2001
.
[26]
I.
S
y
ahr
u
l,
M.
Radz
uan
,
N.
Fukam
i,
and
Y.
Ahm
ad.
Cult
ur
a
l
h
eri
t
age,
ince
nti
ves
s
y
st
em
a
nd
th
e
sus
taina
ble
comm
unity
:
Le
s
sons
from
Ogima
chi
Village
,
Jap
an.
G
eografi
a.
M
alay
sian
Journal
of
So
ci
e
ty
and
S
pace
.
2014;
10(1
):
130
–
146.
[27]
M.
Sever
o
and
T.
Ventur
in
i.
In
t
angi
bl
e
cul
tur
al
her
itage
webs:
Com
par
ing
na
ti
o
nal
net
works
wi
t
h
digita
l
m
et
hod
s.
New
Me
d
ia
&
S
oci
e
ty
.
2016;
18(
8):
1616
–
1635.
[28]
N.
Aikawa
.
An
Historic
a
l
Overv
ie
w
of
th
e
Prep
ar
at
ion
of
th
e
UN
E
SC
O
Inte
rna
ti
on
al
Conven
ti
on
f
o
r
the
Sa
feg
uar
d
in
g
of
the Int
angi
bl
e
Cult
ur
al
H
eri
t
ag
e.
Mus
eum
Int
ernati
onal
.
2014;
56(1
-
2):
137
–
14
9.
[29]
Hafste
in,
V.,
In
ta
ngible
Her
it
ag
e
as
L
ist:
From
Mast
erp
iece
s
t
o
Repre
sent
atio
n.
In:
Sm
it
h
L.
and
Akaga
w
a
N.
Inta
ngible
He
rita
ge.
Abingdon:
Routl
edge.
2009
:
93
–
111.
[30]
K.
Papangelis,
A.
Chamberl
ai
n,
and
H.
-
N.
L
ia
n
g.
New
di
recti
on
s
for
pre
serving
int
angi
b
le
cultur
al
h
eri
t
age
throu
gh
the
use
of
m
obile
technolog
ie
s.
Proce
edi
ngs
of
t
he
18th
In
te
rn
at
i
onal
Confe
ren
c
e
on
Hum
an
-
Com
pute
r
Inte
r
ac
t
i
on
with
Mobil
e
De
vic
es
and
Serv
ices Adjunc
t
.
Flor
enc
e
.
2016
;
964
–
967.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.