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&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
16
,
N
o
.
2
,
N
o
v
e
m
be
r
2
019
:
92
5
-
931
926
t
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xt
ua
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n
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u
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n
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o
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m
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c
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u
r
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m
m
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n
t
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ri
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s
,
s
c
i
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n
c
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of
h
adi
t
h
(p
r
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p
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t
i
c
s
a
y
i
n
gs
),
a
n
d
g
r
a
m
m
a
r
(
Na
hw
).
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
i
n
r
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c
e
n
t
t
i
m
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s
,
w
i
t
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e
a
dv
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n
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s
i
n
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a
t
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c
hn
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a
c
hi
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rni
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,
a
ut
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m
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t
h
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Q
ura
n
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c
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s
(a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
r
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l
a
t
e
d
w
o
r
ks
)
fo
r
t
h
e
pur
po
s
e
of
kn
ow
l
e
dge
di
s
c
ove
r
y
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
e
c
e
s
s
i
t
y
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
a
ut
o
m
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t
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n
g
t
h
e
Q
u
ra
ni
c
t
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xt
h
a
s
ga
i
n
e
d
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
r
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c
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n
t
t
i
m
e
s
.
S
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
w
o
r
ks
a
s
f
o
un
d
i
n
l
i
t
e
ra
t
u
r
e
s
i
n
c
l
ude
:
t
e
xt
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
[
1
,
3
,
11
-
1
3];
o
n
t
o
l
o
g
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
[14
-
17
];
d
i
gi
t
i
z
e
d
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
[18
-
22]
.
F
u
rt
h
e
rm
o
r
e
,
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
m
o
ng
m
a
c
h
i
n
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l
e
a
rn
i
ng
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
s
o
f
t
e
n
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
i
n
M
L
t
a
s
ks
i
n
c
l
ude
:
na
ï
v
e
b
a
y
e
s
(N
B
)
[4],
de
c
i
s
i
o
n
t
r
e
e
s
(J
48)
[23],
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
[24],
s
uppo
r
t
v
e
c
t
o
r
m
a
c
hi
n
e
s
(S
V
M
)
[25],
a
n
d
k
-
n
e
a
r
e
s
t
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
ur
(
k
-
N
N
)
[
26]
.
A
n
e
x
ha
us
t
i
v
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r
e
v
i
e
w
of
t
h
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xi
s
t
i
n
g
w
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i
n
Q
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ra
n
i
c
t
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xt
c
l
a
s
s
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f
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c
a
t
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n
s
h
o
w
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d
t
h
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Q
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r
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ni
c
da
t
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r
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m
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nt
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d
w
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m
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du
a
l
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r
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s
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.
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r
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t
hi
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d
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l
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(
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m
o
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ra
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s
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ri
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of
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h
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Q
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ra
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ow
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ve
r
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s
t
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dy
h
a
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o
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ha
t
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l
y
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b
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15%
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f
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w
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r
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d
M
us
l
i
m
s
’
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
[
27
]
a
r
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A
ra
b
s
o
r
A
r
a
b
s
pe
a
ki
n
g
.
T
hus
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t
h
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d
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l
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t
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r
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r
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l
go
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t
hm
s
(o
r
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
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e
r
s
)
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
r
s
i
n
c
l
ude
S
V
M
,
N
B
,
J
48,
a
n
d
k
-
N
N
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
s
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
do
c
um
e
nt
s
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
do
l
o
g
y
e
m
pl
o
y
e
d
i
n
e
xe
c
ut
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
l
a
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s
i
f
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c
a
t
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o
n
t
a
s
k.
2.
M
ET
H
O
D
S
A
N
D
M
A
TER
I
A
LS
T
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
r
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s
e
s
o
f
f
i
ve
ph
a
s
e
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1;
da
t
a
ga
t
h
e
ri
n
g
,
p
r
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
(f
e
a
t
ur
e
ge
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
)
,
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
o
ut
put
/
r
e
s
ul
t
.
T
h
e
i
nput
da
t
a
a
r
e
Q
u
ra
n
i
c
v
e
r
s
e
s
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
s
o
ur
c
e
s
of
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
t
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
t
a
f
s
i
r
.
T
h
e
s
t
udy
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
t
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s
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g
n
i
f
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c
a
n
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e
of
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
ng
m
u
l
t
i
pl
e
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
Q
ura
n
i
c
s
o
ur
c
e
s
[1,
11]
f
o
r
b
e
t
t
e
r
u
n
de
r
s
t
a
ndi
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
put
v
e
r
s
e
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
s
t
e
ps
2.
1
.
D
at
a
G
ath
e
r
i
n
g
T
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
da
t
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s
e
t
s
(
Q
T
r
ans
,
QT
af
,
Q
T
r
ans
+
T
af
)
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
o
f
286
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
of
Q
ur
a
n
i
c
da
t
a
.
T
h
e
Q
ura
n
i
c
t
e
xt
a
r
e
t
h
e
w
o
r
ds
of
A
l
l
a
h
i
n
s
u
ra
h
B
a
qa
ra
(T
h
e
Co
w
)
of
t
h
e
h
o
l
y
boo
k.
T
h
e
s
c
r
i
pt
u
r
e
c
o
m
pr
i
s
e
s
of
114
c
h
a
pt
e
r
s
(v
a
r
y
i
n
g
i
n
s
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e
a
n
d
o
r
de
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o
f
r
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ve
l
a
t
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n
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t
y
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t
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r
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f
286
v
e
r
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
nput
v
e
r
s
e
s
a
r
e
gr
o
upe
d
i
n
t
o
o
n
e
of
t
h
r
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pr
e
de
f
i
n
e
d
l
a
b
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l
s
:
f
ai
t
h
,
w
or
s
hi
p
,
a
n
d
e
t
i
que
t
t
e
s
.
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h
e
s
e
c
l
a
s
s
l
a
b
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l
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a
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f
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d
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n
t
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a
s
pe
c
t
s
o
f
Is
l
a
m
[1
,
3].
2.
2
.
T
e
x
t
P
r
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p
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t
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da
t
a
[1
,
4].
T
h
e
s
t
e
p
i
n
c
l
ude
s
f
e
a
t
ur
e
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n,
t
ra
n
s
f
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m
a
t
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n,
a
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c
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a
n
s
i
n
g
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t
l
y
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a
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xt
ra
c
t
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d
f
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m
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Q
u
r
a
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IS
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47
52
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11]
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n
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e
ne
r
a
t
i
v
e
M
o
de
l
s
,
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nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
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our
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om
pu
t
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nc
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and
A
p
pl
i
c
a
t
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ons
,
v
o
l
.
6,
pp
.
288
-
29
4,
2015
.
[
11]
A
.
A
de
l
e
ke
a
n
d
N
.
S
a
m
s
u
di
n,
“
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H
y
br
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d
F
e
a
t
u
r
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S
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
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T
e
c
hni
q
ue
f
o
r
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l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
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t
i
o
n
o
f
G
r
o
up
-
ba
s
e
d
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
V
e
r
s
e
s
,
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I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
of
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ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
&
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
v
o
l
.
7,
pp
.
228
-
233
,
201
8.
[
12]
M
.
G
o
ud
j
i
l
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
U
s
i
n
g
A
c
t
i
v
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ar
ni
ng
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n
T
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t
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l
a
s
s
i
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at
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on
o
f
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ur
ani
c
Sc
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e
nc
e
s
,”
I
nt
.
C
o
nf
.
o
n
A
dv
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nc
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I
n
f
o
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m
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t
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o
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gy
f
o
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Q
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n
a
nd
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t
s
S
c
i
e
nc
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s
,
p
p.
2
09
-
213,
2
015
.
[
13]
G
.
S
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
a
t
e
g
o
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z
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t
i
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f
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o
l
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ur
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n
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r
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-
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s
t
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hbo
ur
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l
g
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t
hm
,
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nt
.
J
.
of
C
om
put
e
r
A
pp
l
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c
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t
i
o
ns
v
o
l
.
129
,
pp
.
1
-
6
,
201
5.
[
14]
E
.
A
.
I
br
a
hi
m
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
P
r
o
v
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s
i
o
ns
o
f
Q
ur
a
n
T
a
j
w
e
e
d
O
n
t
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l
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gy
(
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t
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ul
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t
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o
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o
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nt
s
o
f
L
e
t
t
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r
s
,
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N
V
o
w
e
l
N
o
o
n
a
nd
T
a
nw
e
e
n)
,
”
I
n
t
.
J
.
o
f
Sc
i
e
nc
e
and
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
v
o
l
.
6,
pp
.
756
-
76
1,
20
1
7.
[
15]
M
.
A
l
qa
h
t
a
ni
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n
d
E
.
A
t
w
e
l
l
,
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r
ab
i
c
Q
u
r
an
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c
Se
ar
c
h
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oo
l
B
as
e
d
on
O
nt
o
l
og
y
,”
21
st
I
nt
.
C
o
nf
.
o
n
A
ppl
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c
a
t
i
o
ns
o
f
N
a
t
u
r
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l
L
a
ng
ua
g
e
t
o
I
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
pp
.
478
-
485
,
201
6.
[
16]
S
.
M
.
A
l
r
e
ha
i
l
i
a
n
d
E
.
A
t
w
e
l
l
,
“
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om
pu
t
at
i
on
al
O
n
t
o
l
og
i
e
s
f
or
Se
m
ant
i
c
t
agg
i
ng
of
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he
Q
ur
an
:
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s
ur
v
e
y
of
p
as
t
appr
o
ac
he
s
,”
N
i
n
t
h
I
nt
.
C
o
nf
.
o
n
L
a
ng
ua
g
e
R
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
a
nd
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n,
20
14.
[
17]
Y
.
A
bde
l
h
a
m
i
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
U
s
i
ng
O
n
t
o
l
og
y
f
or
A
s
s
o
c
i
at
i
ng
W
e
b
M
ul
t
i
m
e
di
a
R
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
he
H
o
l
y
Q
u
r
an
,
”
T
a
i
ba
h
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ni
v
e
r
s
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t
y
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nt
.
C
o
nf
.
o
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A
dv
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e
s
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n
I
nf
o
r
m
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t
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o
n
T
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c
hno
l
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g
y
f
o
r
t
he
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
a
nd
i
t
s
S
c
i
e
nc
e
s
,
pp
.
266
-
271
,
2013
.
[
18]
S
.
K
.
H
a
m
e
d
a
nd
M
.
J
.
A
b
A
z
i
z
,
“
A
Q
ue
s
t
i
o
n
A
ns
w
e
r
i
ng
S
y
s
t
e
m
o
n
H
o
l
y
Q
ur
a
n
T
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
Q
ue
s
t
i
o
n
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xpa
n
s
i
o
n
T
e
c
hni
q
ue
a
n
d
N
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ur
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l
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
”
J
.
of
C
o
m
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
12
,
pp
.
169
-
177
,
201
6.
[
19]
H
.
A
bde
l
n
a
s
s
e
r
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Al
-
B
ay
a
n:
A
n
A
r
ab
i
c
Q
ue
s
t
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on
A
ns
w
e
r
i
ng
S
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
t
he
H
o
l
y
,”
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ng
s
o
f
t
h
e
E
M
N
L
P
2014
W
o
r
ks
ho
p
o
n
A
r
a
b
i
c
N
a
t
ur
a
l
L
a
ng
ua
g
e
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
,
pp
.
57
-
64
,
2014
.
[
20]
A
.
N
.
A
kki
l
a
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
A
bu
N
a
s
e
r
,
“
T
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
he
r
i
g
ht
l
e
t
t
e
r
p
r
o
nunc
i
a
t
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o
n
i
n
r
e
c
i
t
i
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t
h
e
ho
l
y
Q
ur
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n
u
s
i
ng
i
nt
e
l
l
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g
e
nt
t
u
t
o
r
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ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
I
n
t
.
J
.
of
A
d
v
an
c
e
d
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
an
d
D
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
pp
.
64
-
68
,
2017
.
[
21]
A
.
H
.
A
hm
e
d
a
nd
S
.
M
.
A
bdo
,
“
V
e
r
i
f
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c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
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m
o
f
Q
ur
a
n
R
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c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
c
o
r
di
ng
s
,
”
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n
t
.
J
.
o
f
C
om
pu
t
e
r
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
v
o
l
.
1
63,
p
p.
6
-
11
,
2017
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
22]
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A
l
j
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al
.
,
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pa
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o
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A
dv
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nc
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put
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ns
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v
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l
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,
pp
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135
-
139
,
201
6.
[
23]
A
.
S
.
Z
h
a
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m
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a
m
be
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o
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nd
A
.
A
.
P
a
k
,
“
Se
nt
i
m
e
nt
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
doc
um
e
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t
u
s
i
n
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de
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p
l
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ar
n
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and
de
c
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s
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on
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r
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w
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nt
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nf
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l
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put
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m
put
a
t
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n
,
p
p.
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-
4
,
2
015
.
[
24]
J
.
H
.
W
a
ng
a
nd
H
.
Y
.
W
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“
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nc
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t
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m
pos
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um
on
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p
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r
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r
a
nd
C
on
t
r
o
l
,
p
p.
97
0
-
973,
2
01
4.
[
25]
T
.
S
a
bba
h
a
nd
A
.
S
e
l
a
m
a
t
,
“
Sup
por
t
V
e
c
t
or
M
a
c
hi
ne
bas
e
d
ap
pr
oa
c
h
f
or
Q
u
r
an
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c
w
or
d
s
de
t
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c
t
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on
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n
onl
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ne
t
e
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t
ua
l
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a
,
p
p.
32
5
-
330
,
2
014
.
[
26]
K
.
R
.
T
o
w
ns
e
nd
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
k
-
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N
t
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x
t
c
l
as
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c
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-
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nt
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/
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gy
,
pp.
257
-
26
3,
20
15.
[
27]
K
.
H
o
us
s
a
i
n,
“
T
he
W
o
r
l
d
M
u
s
l
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m
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pul
a
t
i
o
n
,
H
i
s
t
o
r
y
&
P
r
o
s
pe
c
t
,
”
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
P
u
bl
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s
h
i
ng
,
201
4.
[
28]
P
.
S
e
w
a
i
w
a
r
a
nd
K
.
K
.
V
e
r
m
a
,
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C
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
v
e
S
t
udy
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v
a
r
i
o
us
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
T
r
e
e
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
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o
n
A
l
go
r
i
t
hm
us
i
ng
W
E
K
A
,
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nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
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o
f
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m
e
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g
i
ng
R
e
s
e
a
r
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M
a
na
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e
m
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c
hno
l
ogy
,
vo
l
.
4
,
pp
.
87
-
91,
2
015
.
[
29]
S
.
T
e
l
i
a
nd
P
.
K
a
ni
ka
r
,
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A
S
ur
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D
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,
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nt
e
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n
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t
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o
na
l
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o
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A
d
v
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put
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f
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ng
,
v
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l
.
5,
p
p.
61
3
-
617
,
2
015
.
[
30]
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.
S
.
G
ha
r
e
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h,
e
t
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l
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,
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