TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.7, July 201
4, pp
. 5603 ~ 56
1
2
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i7.569
9
5603
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 29, 201
4
;
Revi
sed Ma
rch 1
6
, 2014;
Acce
pted April 4, 2014
Implementation of Input-Process-Output Model for
Measuring Information System Project Success
A’ang Subiy
akto*
1
, Ab
d. Rahm
an
Ahl
a
n
2
1
S
y
arif Hi
da
yat
u
lla
h State Isla
mic Univers
i
t
y
Jakarta,
Jl. Ir. H, Juand
a No. 95, 15
41
2,
T
angera
ng, I
ndo
nesi
a
Ph/F
ax: +
6
2
21 7
4
0
192
5/+
622
1 74
933
15
2
Internation
a
l I
s
lamic Un
iversi
t
y
Mala
ys
ia,
Jl. Gombak, 50
728, Kua
l
a L
u
m
pur, Mala
ys
ia
. Ph/F
ax: +
60 3619
64
000 /+
60
3619
64
053
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: aang
_su
b
i
y
a
k
to@ui
n
jkt.ac.i
d
1
, arrahman
@
iiu.e
du.m
y
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Measur
em
ent
of the information syst
em
(IS)
project succes
s
has bec
ome the interesting
topic for
researc
hers
an
d practiti
on
ers
since th
e Sta
n
d
ish Gro
up
pu
blish
e
d
their
fi
ndi
ngs
in
199
4
.
Project s
u
cc
ess
theory is the
main co
nce
p
t in t
h
is topic, b
u
t th
is
theory is stil
l
an a
m
b
i
g
uous
conce
p
t and
l
a
ck in a
g
re
ement
amon
g rese
arc
hers a
nd pr
actition
ers. They
are als
o
still te
ndi
ng to focus
on sin
g
l
e
or p
a
rtial d
i
me
nsio
n
.
Therefore, they did not
get
a cl
ear picture of the syst
em meas
ur
ements. This st
udy dev
eloped
an
altern
ative mo
del of
the proj
ect
success measur
e
m
ent
b
a
se
d
on
in
pu
t-pro
c
e
ss-ou
tp
u
t
(IPO) m
o
de
l
.
T
h
e
deve
l
op
ment
w
a
s conducte
d usi
ng co
mp
ariso
n
, ado
pt
i
on, ad
aptati
o
n
,
and co
mbin
ation th
e pr
ev
iou
s
theori
e
s a
nd
mo
de
ls: Davis'
s IPO mod
e
l, the pr
ojec
t s
u
c
c
ess theor
ies,
Delo
ne
an
d M
c
Lea
n'
mod
e
l,
and
the proj
ect clas
sificatory frame
w
ork. As indica
ted in
most studies that
most of
mod
e
ls ar
e deve
l
op
ed us
in
g
the previ
ous th
eori
e
s and
mo
dels rath
er tha
n
on e
m
p
i
rica
l proofs. T
he res
u
lt is a IS proje
c
t success mo
de
l
consisti
ng
of
9 vari
ab
les
a
nd
36 r
e
l
a
tion
ships
a
m
o
n
g
the var
i
ab
les.
Altho
ugh,
the
mod
e
l
is o
n
l
y
a
conce
p
tua
l
mo
del, but it w
a
s
devel
op
ed co
mp
lete
ly
an
d coher
ently co
n
s
ideri
ng
thr
ee ma
in
as
pects of
proj
ect succes
s
meas
ure
m
e
n
t, namely: proc
essio
nal a
nd c
ausa
l
mo
de
ls, proj
ect succes
s
theories, an
d
the
influ
ence c
onc
ept of project e
n
viro
nment.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
IS, project, success m
o
del, IPO
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Re
sea
r
che
r
s
and practition
ers h
a
ve bee
n tryi
ng to su
ccessfully ma
nage IS proj
ects to
attain the hig
h
proje
c
t performan
ce fo
r many yea
r
s.
This to
pic
h
a
s b
een th
e
intere
st of bo
th
resea
r
chers and pra
c
titio
ners sin
c
e
th
e
Standi
sh
Grou
p [1] p
u
b
lish
ed thei
r
finding
s in
1
994.
These findin
g
s have be
come the m
o
st famou
s
and wid
e
ly cited indu
stry benchm
ark in
information tec
h
nology (IT) [2]. However, s
e
veral sc
holars
[2-5] have c
r
itic
ized t
he validity of the
finding
s, but they have b
e
e
n
able
to
en
coura
ge a
w
a
r
e
ness of b
o
th
rese
arche
r
s a
nd practition
e
r
s
that
software developm
ent is
in
a crisi
s
. Mean
while
,
n
u
mer
o
u
s
sc
h
o
lar
s
su
ch as
[
6
-9]
i
ndi
cat
e
d
that definition
of the p
r
oje
c
t
su
cce
ss i
s
st
ill
an a
m
bigu
ous concept
becau
se it h
a
s
b
een
ch
ang
ed
over times, di
scussed ofte
ntimes, and
still lack in
agreement, part
i
c
ularly for which
criteria to
be
use
d
. Furth
e
r
more, in th
e co
ntext of the dev
elo
p
ment of p
r
oject
su
ccess mo
del, bo
th
resea
r
chers and pra
c
titio
ners still
ten
d
to
fo
cu
s
o
n
si
ngle
or selecte
d
pa
rts of the
su
ccess
dimen
s
ion [1
0, 11]. The
r
e
f
ore, they did
not get
a
cl
ear
pictu
r
e of
theirs sy
ste
m
s a
nd m
e
th
ods
[10] or prese
n
t a partial a
ppro
a
ch in t
heir
d
e
velop
m
ents [11].
This
rep
r
e
s
e
n
ts invalidity and
incom
p
leten
e
ss in the d
e
velopme
n
t of succe
ss mo
del
.
This
pap
er
prese
n
ts a
dev
elopme
n
t of p
r
ocessio
nal
a
nd
cau
s
al m
o
del for develo
p
ing a
n
alternative I
S
proje
c
t succe
ss m
o
d
e
l throug
h
comp
ari
s
o
n
, adoption,
adaptatio
n, and
combi
nation t
he p
r
ior
studi
es. As
de
scri
bed by Be
l
o
u
t
and G
auvre
au [12] that
most of m
o
d
e
ls
are d
e
velope
d usin
g the
previou
s
the
o
rie
s
ra
th
er
than on em
p
i
rical
pro
o
fs.
Based o
n
this
descri
p
tion,
a
u
thors tri
e
d
to ma
ke
a l
o
gical
sen
s
e f
o
r
developi
n
g
the
rel
a
tion
ship
am
ong
four
theorie
s an
d model
s: Davi
s'
s IPO mode
l [13], the project su
cce
ss theori
e
s [14
-
1
8
], DeLone a
nd
McLe
an'
s (D&M) IS success mod
e
l [19], and McL
e
od and M
a
cDon
ell' s (M
&M) cla
s
sificatory
frame
w
ork [2
0]. Howeve
r, four meta-a
nalysi
s
studi
es of the D&M model [10-1
1
], [19,
21]
indicated that
this model h
a
s be
en the d
o
minant b
a
si
s of IS succe
ss m
e
a
s
urem
ent over two l
a
st
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5603 – 56
12
5604
decade
s, but
they have al
so su
gge
st
ed
to extend
and
re-sp
e
cify thi
s
mo
del a
s
m
entione
d by its
authors [1
9] for furth
e
r developm
e
n
t and valid
at
ion of thei
r mod
e
ls.
Consi
deri
ng t
hese
sug
g
e
s
tion
s, this stu
d
y is
aimed to d
e
velop a m
e
a
s
urem
ent mod
e
l of IS proje
c
t su
cce
ss in
the
context of co
ntinuou
s stu
d
y fo
r creati
ng ne
w po
ssibilities in th
e enha
ncem
ent of IS pro
j
ect
su
ccess. Th
e followi
ng
se
ction
s
de
scrib
e
lit
eratu
r
e review,
rese
arch m
e
thod, result
and
analysi
s
, and
lastly, this arti
cle is
con
c
lu
d
ed with sugg
estion for the
further
studie
s
.
2. Literature
Rev
i
e
w
2.1. The Mea
n
ing of Proje
c
t Succe
ss
De
Wit [14]
mentione
d th
at the mo
st a
ppro
p
ri
ate cri
t
eria fo
r
success a
r
e th
e d
egre
e
to
whi
c
h a
proj
ect me
ets it
s obje
c
tives.
He al
so
sug
geste
d for
separating
bet
wee
n
the
project
su
ccess an
d
the proje
c
t manag
eme
n
t succe
s
s [1
4
]. Several scholars [14, 2
2
] describ
ed
tha
t
stakehol
der’
s
perceptio
ns f
r
om te
chni
cal
to strat
egi
c
asp
e
ct
s mu
st be co
nsi
dere
d
in the proje
c
t
measurement
. Wateri
dge [
15] extende
d
this con
c
ept
t
h
rou
gh de
co
mposi
ng proj
ect
life cycle
i
n
to
the p
r
oje
c
t m
anag
ement
life cy
cle
and
t
he p
r
o
duct
life cy
cle. Atki
n
s
on
[23]
pro
p
o
se
d a
tria
ng
le
measurement
model usin
g
cost, time and quality;
he has al
so d
e
scrib
ed ho
w to identify
the
cau
s
e
of pro
j
ect failu
re
s
by trackin
g
whe
r
e th
e e
r
rors o
c
cu
red.
Ho
weve
r, this m
odel
was
critici
z
ed by I
k
a [24]
because
of it
s incapability to represent t
he comprehensive cr
iteria, despi
t
e
the fact that it had been th
e basi
s
of un
derstandi
ng for furthe
r the
o
rie
s
. Furthe
rmore, Lim an
d
Moham
ed [1
6] distingui
sh
ed cle
a
rly bet
wee
n
su
cce
s
s
crite
r
ia a
n
d
its succe
s
s factors in term o
f
proje
c
t envi
r
o
n
mental a
s
p
e
c
ts in li
ne
with the
sta
k
e
h
o
lder's fo
cu
ses, na
mely: macro a
nd m
i
cro
environ
ment
s.
Figure 1. Proj
ect Succe
s
s Con
c
e
p
t (Ado
pted from [14
-
18])
Similarly, Ho
wsawi
et al
. [18] pro
p
o
s
ed
a m
o
d
e
l ba
sed
o
n
ad
option
of four
environ
menta
l
variable
s
, in
cludi
ng the
project itsel
f, its deliverable,
busi
n
e
ss, a
n
d
co
ntext levels.
Jud
gev a
nd
Muller [17]
who
explain
e
d
ret
r
o
s
pe
cti
v
ely develop
ment of th
e
proje
c
t
su
ccess
theorie
s
sin
c
e over 45 ye
a
r
s
ago,
th
ey concl
ude
d that
the theo
rie
s
bega
n from
the limited
scope
arou
nd the
project life
cycl
e into definiti
on which it
reflected
strategically the p
r
odu
ct life
cycle.
Coh
e
re
ntly, Subiyakto
an
d Ahlan [2
5] develop
ed a
frame
w
o
r
k
usin
g sy
stem
atic, man
age
rial,
dire
ctional,
a
nd e
n
viron
m
ental dim
e
n
s
ions to u
n
d
e
rsta
nd i
n
formation a
nd
comm
uni
cati
on
techn
o
logy (I
CT)
enviro
n
m
ent. Ho
wev
e
r, several
sc
hol
ars such
as [6
-9] indi
cated th
at project
su
ccess defin
ition
is an am
biguo
us co
ncept,
but
a
u
tho
r
s co
nc
lu
ded
th
a
t
pr
o
j
ec
t s
u
cc
es
s co
ns
is
t
of two
main
dimen
s
ion
s
: t
he p
r
oj
ect
m
anag
ement
a
nd the
p
r
od
u
c
t utilization
su
ccesse
s. T
h
is
con
c
lu
sio
n
is in line with
early theo
rie
s
[14-
15], [17]
and the pla
c
ement of ea
ch dimen
s
ion
is
based on environm
ental concepts [16,
18] as illustrated in Figure 1.
2.2. The Procession
al an
d Caus
al Models of IS Project
It is inevitabl
e that
stake
holde
r’s pe
rcept
ion
s
a
r
e
often u
s
ed
to devel
op
a
proj
ect
su
ccess
mod
e
l a
s
in
dicate
d by
seve
ral
schola
r
s [
14,
19, 23,
25] th
at pe
rception
s
from te
chni
cal
to strate
gic
a
s
pe
cts
du
rin
g
the p
r
oje
c
t
pro
c
e
s
s, mu
st be
co
nsi
d
ered
to me
a
s
ure the
proj
ec
t
su
ccess. In
o
r
de
r to
identif
y the
cau
s
e
s
of the
p
r
oje
c
t failure, At
ki
nso
n
[23]
ha
s el
uci
dated
t
h
is
con
c
e
p
t by tracking
whe
r
e
the erro
r o
c
curred.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Input-Proce
ss-Output
Model fo
r Me
asu
r
ing Info
rm
ation… (A’
a
ng Subiyakto
)
5605
Similarly, implementation o
f
these proce
ssi
onal a
nd causal model
s were also a
dopted
by DeLon
e and McLea
n
to develop D&M IS
s
u
cce
ss mo
d
e
l. They accomm
odate
d
the
comm
uni
cati
on re
sea
r
ch of
Shan
non
a
nd Weave
r
[2
6] and
the
inf
o
rmatio
n
“influen
ce” theo
ry of
Maso
n [27]. These re
sea
r
che
r
s [19] de
scribe
d
that the adoptio
n of both mod
e
ls is aim
ed to
captu
r
e th
e
multidimen
sional a
nd i
n
terdep
end
ent
nature of I
S
su
ccess [
19]. The th
ree
d
i
me
ns
io
ns
o
f
th
e
i
r mo
de
ls
a
r
e th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
of a
syste
m
, the
use of
the
system,
and
the
con
s
e
que
nce
s
(imp
act
)
of its syst
em a
s
i
llustrate
d by Figure 2.
Figure 2. Pro
c
e
ssi
onal a
n
d
Cau
s
al Mod
e
ls of D&M IS Model (Ado
p
t
ed from [19])
This m
odel
h
a
s b
een th
e
domina
n
t ba
sis
of IS su
cce
ss
mea
s
u
r
ement ove
r
t
w
o la
st
decade
s, but a number of
sch
olars [10
-
11], [19,
21] con
c
lude
d that the wide
popul
arity of the
model i
s
al
so
stro
ng in
dica
tion of the n
e
ed for it
s utili
zation i
n
the f
u
rthe
r succe
s
s me
asure
m
e
n
t
studie
s
in
the
co
ntext for d
e
veloping
an
d validatin
g
this m
odel. Sp
ecifically, Petter et
al. [10]
has
sho
w
n
that
more
stu
d
ie
s are
ne
ede
d
to und
erstan
d the
relatio
n
s
hip
bet
wee
n
two va
riabl
e
s
in
the system
use dim
e
n
s
i
on and thei
r relation
sh
ip
s towa
rd
s variabl
e of the system im
pact
dimen
s
ion.
They al
so
sugge
sted
bo
th re
se
arche
r
s an
d p
r
a
c
titioners to
use
the
ove
r
all
dimen
s
ion
s
o
f
D&M
su
cce
s
s mod
e
l in
o
r
de
r to
pre
s
e
n
t the
whol
e
portrait of p
r
o
c
e
ssi
onal
mo
del
[10]. Further,
Urba
ch a
nd
Müller (11
)
found that
mo
st studies a
r
e
con
d
u
c
ted to
date have o
n
ly
focu
sed
on
the me
asure
m
ent a
nd
a
s
sessme
nt o
f
sele
cted
p
a
rts of the
dimen
s
ion
s
and
descri
bed th
a
t
utilization of
the compl
e
te
model
will h
e
l
p re
sea
r
che
r
s and
pra
c
titioners to exte
n
d
unde
rsta
ndin
g
of the overa
ll validity.
Mean
while,
several
re
sea
r
che
r
s such a
s
[28
-
30] h
a
d
also
ado
pted
the processi
onal a
nd
cau
s
al m
odel
s u
s
ing IPO l
ogic. Althou
g
h
, these
ado
ptions we
re condu
cted
in d
i
fferent
re
se
a
r
ch
fields, but the
logic was im
plemente
d
in
the si
milar p
u
rpo
s
e fo
r measurin
g qual
ity of a system.
F
a
mo
us
ly, th
is
ba
s
i
c s
y
s
t
em th
e
o
r
y
is
us
e
d
to
pre
s
e
n
t a
system
a
t
ic con
c
ept
of
a
system.
F
o
r
example, this model was
use
d
for con
c
eptu
a
lizi
ng, planni
ng and
/or do
cume
nting a co
mput
er
prog
ram i
n
p
a
rticul
arly for
grap
hically prese
n
ti
ng
the prog
ram’
s co
ntrol stru
cture
and set
of
I
P
O
flaws [13]. Davis [13] pre
s
ente
d
the compute
r
pro
g
r
am a
s
IPO logic an
d de
scrib
ed that this
system
atic lo
gic mod
e
l can eas
ily be
understoo
d by some sta
k
eh
olde
rs
who are inexp
e
rt
techni
cally i
n
the te
ch
nica
l wo
rk [13].
Ho
wever,
the
“text plu
s
flo
w
chart
”
nature of IPO charts
often doe
s no
t represent the cu
rrent
stat
e of the re
al con
d
ition,
but
the logic
ca
n
help de
sig
n
e
r
s
to evaluate a
nd refine the
desi
gn, and
correct the pr
i
o
r implem
ent
ation flaws [13] as illustrated in
Figure 3. In short, autho
rs
argu
e that the D&M IS su
ccess mo
del
can b
e
combi
ned with th
e IPO
model in o
r
de
r to pre
s
ent comprehe
nsiv
ely t
he proce
ssi
onal a
nd causal model
of a proje
c
t.
Figure 3. IPO Model (Ado
p
t
ed from [13])
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TELKOM
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Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5603 – 56
12
5606
3. Rese
arch
Metho
d
The research
pro
c
e
ss foll
o
w
ed i
s
a
s
sho
w
n in
Fi
gu
re
4. The research
wa
s carrie
d out in
the following four s
t
ages
:
Stage 1: Lite
rature revie
w
; this stag
e
of re
sea
r
ch
wa
s pe
rform
ed thro
ugh li
terature
review
of seconda
ry so
urces
su
ch a
s
b
ooks, jou
r
nal
s, and
co
nf
erence procee
ding
s that were
held d
u
rin
g
February 2
0
13 till May 2013. Th
e theori
e
s
and
model
s of IS proje
c
t succe
ss
available f
r
o
m
schol
arly
articl
es
were
i
dentifie
d and
ba
se
d on th
e
nature
of t
hese
theorie
s/mo
d
e
ls, auth
o
rs
analyzed the
m
into the IP
O mod
e
l [13]
in orde
r to
capture
a h
o
li
stic
approa
ch a
s
sug
g
e
s
ted by
a numbe
r of schola
r
s [13
-
19] (Figu
r
e 1,
2, and 3).
Stage 2: Research mod
e
l desi
gn;
base
d
on the anal
ysis re
sult
s, authors comb
ined and
con
c
e
p
tuali
z
e
d
the con
c
ep
ts into the p
r
opo
sed m
o
d
e
l (Fig
ure
s
5
)
. The semant
ics
of the flo
w
,
depe
nden
cie
s
bet
wee
n
th
e co
nst
r
u
cs
a
nd de
pen
den
cie
s
am
ong t
he con
s
tru
c
ts of model
ca
n
be
identified fro
m
the
dra
w
n
mod
e
l. The
identifie
d
va
riable
s
i
n
e
a
c
h
dimen
s
io
n
we
re
de
sign
ed
based
o
n
the pro
c
e
ssi
onal and cau
s
al
concepts
of IPO mod
e
l. The
m
odel
co
nsi
s
ts of thre
e ma
in
dimen
s
ion
s
of IPO logi
c and t
w
o
sub-di
men
s
ion
s
b
a
sed o
n
the
comp
a
r
iso
n
, ad
opti
on,
adaptatio
n, and com
b
inati
on of the prior theor
i
e
s/m
odel
s. These
works were done from
Ju
ne
2013 till Sept
embe
r 20
13.
At the end of
this sta
ge,
au
thors foun
d 3
6
relatio
n
ship
s of 9 va
riabl
es
(Tabl
e 1).
Figure 4. Re
search Pro
c
e
ss
Stage 3: Ana
l
yzing the
pro
posed mo
del;
in ord
e
r to e
n
su
re the fe
a
s
ibility of the
model
for further
studie
s
, authors identified i
ndicators
of each con
s
tru
c
t base
d
on
the nature of
con
s
tru
c
t
s
from previou
s
studie
s
. Thi
s
an
alysi
s
was d
one f
r
o
m
Octo
ber 2
013 till Nove
mber
2013. In addi
tion, authors
had al
so di
scussed t
he m
o
del with a n
u
m
ber of
colle
ague
s in
cludi
ng
at lea
s
t 5
do
ctoral
studen
ts in th
e diff
erent
topics
of IS field a
nd 5
a
c
ad
e
m
ician
s
wh
o
had
experie
nces
in the si
mila
r re
se
arch fi
eld.
At the end of thi
s
stage
autho
rs form
ulated
54
measurement
indicato
rs.
Stage 4:
Rep
o
rt
writing; fin
a
lly do
cume
n
t
ing t
he
fin
d
in
gs of
the re
search, rep
o
rt writing
and findin
g
o
pportu
nities f
o
r furthe
r em
pirical re
se
arch was
ca
rrie
d
out from Decem
b
e
r
201
3 till
Jan
uary 20
14
.
4. Result a
n
d Analy
s
is
Belout and
Gauvre
au [1
2] descri
bed
that mo
st of model
s were
develope
d u
s
ing th
e
previou
s
the
o
rie
s
rath
er t
han on e
m
pi
rical
pro
o
fs.
Con
s
id
erin
g this de
scri
ption, research
ers
develop
ed
a l
ogical
sen
s
e
of the
relatio
n
shi
p
a
m
ong
the several th
eorie
s and
m
odel
s
related
to
the re
sea
r
ch
probl
em through
com
p
a
r
ison, a
doptio
n, adaptatio
n
,
and combi
nation the
prior
finding
s and
sug
g
e
s
tion
s.
First, auth
o
rs comp
are
d
two model
s: D&
M m
odel [19]
and IPO mo
del [13]. As i
ndicated
by a n
u
mbe
r
of sch
o
lars
[10-11], [19,
22], D&M m
odel [1
9] we
re d
e
velop
e
d
ba
sed
on
a
n
assumptio
n
that IS as the
informatio
n proce
s
si
ng
ada
pted the p
r
o
c
ession
al mod
e
l of IS [26] an
d
adopte
d
the
causal mod
e
l
of IS [27
]. Similarly, autho
rs
assum
ed t
hat
a
pr
o
j
ec
t is
as
a
p
r
od
uctio
n
pro
c
e
s
s and
adopte
d
the I
P
O model [1
3] in order to
captu
r
e the
h
o
listic
pro
c
e
s
s a
s
indi
cate
d by
[13-19]. Thi
s
ad
option
is rea
s
ona
bl
e be
cau
s
e
the mod
e
l i
n
its n
a
ture re
pre
s
e
n
ted
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Input-Proce
ss-Output
Model fo
r Me
asu
r
ing Info
rm
ation… (A’
a
ng Subiyakto
)
5607
comp
re
hen
si
vely the p
r
o
c
e
ssi
onal
an
d cau
s
al
mo
del. Ba
sed
on
com
pari
s
on of
the
s
e
two
model
s, auth
o
rs foun
d tha
t
the pro
c
e
s
si
onal a
nd
cau
s
al m
odel
of D&M mo
del i
s
in
com
p
lete
in
term of IPO
model of a project. As expl
ained by
sev
e
ral stu
d
ie
s [10, 11] that the model
wa
s only
focu
s on
uti
lization
s
a
n
d
se
rvice
s
of
the
p
r
odu
ct
. In the co
ntext of a
proje
c
t
su
ccess
measurement
, this mo
del
wa
s la
ck in
particula
rl
y to explain
the
input di
men
s
ion
of the I
P
O
model. A
c
cordingly, the I
P
O mod
e
l i
s
more
comp
rehe
nsive
th
an
D&M mo
del. In a
dditi
on,
authors a
r
gu
e that this m
odel will b
e
e
a
sly und
er
sto
od by som
e
proje
c
t sta
k
e
holde
rs
who
are
inexpert te
ch
nically
as
de
scrib
ed
by Da
vis [13]. Spe
c
ifically, this i
s
relate
d to th
e “key info
rm
ant”
role of th
e st
ake
hold
e
rs in
the proje
c
t measur
ement
studie
s
. Fo
r i
n
stan
ce, in th
e data
colle
ct
ion
phase; how to explain the
research
issues and get valid
responses from them
. The utilization of
this model
can also h
e
lp
rese
arche
r
s and pra
c
tion
ers to evalu
a
t
e and refine
the model, and
corre
c
t the prior implem
ent
ation flaws. More
over
, IPO model
can
captu
r
e b
o
th pro
c
e
ssi
onal
and
cau
s
al mo
del
s of the proj
ect to get understandi
ng
of overall validity as sugg
ested by Urb
a
ch
and Mulle
r [1
1].
Figure 5. The
Propo
sed IPO Model for
Measuri
ng IS Project Su
ccess
Secon
d
, re
se
arche
r
s h
ad
also a
dopte
d
the pr
oje
c
t su
ccess theo
rie
s
[14-18], D&M the IS
su
ccess stu
d
i
es [19], and
the proje
c
t cla
ssifi
ca
tory
framework [20]. The ado
ption of proj
ect
su
ccess the
o
r
ies
wa
s impl
emented to
d
e
velop
cau
s
a
lity aspe
cts o
f
the model.
Authors ad
op
ted
all of D&M model an
d thre
e of the proje
c
t cla
ssi
fi
cato
ry framework
(Pro
je
ct co
ntent, People a
nd
action,
and
Institutional
context) ex
cep
t
Proje
c
t p
r
o
c
ess. It is be
cause the
p
r
oj
ect p
r
o
c
e
s
s
wa
s
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
by process di
mensi
on.
Third, auth
o
rs ada
pted pl
acem
ent of the va
riabl
es
in line with the IPO logic and the
definition of p
r
oje
c
t su
ccess used
in this study. Three
point adaptat
i
ons a
r
e: (1
)
Placing tog
e
ther
the two of D&M model
dimensi
o
n
s
(system cr
e
a
tion and sy
stem utilizati
on) into pro
c
e
ss
dimen
s
ion
of the model a
s
indicated by
several sc
h
o
l
a
rs [1
5, 25], [17-1
8
] that a proje
c
t proce
ss
is co
nsi
s
ting
of two sub
-
p
r
oce
s
s: prod
u
c
t pro
d
u
c
tion
and its utilization. The pl
acem
ent of the
system imp
a
c
t dimen
s
ion
of D&M mod
e
l as outp
u
t
dimensi
on of the model in li
ne with defini
t
ion
of proje
c
t su
ccess [15, 2
5
], [17-18]. (2) Devel
opin
g
relatio
n
ship betwe
en v
a
rible
s
of in
put
dimen
s
ion
of
the mo
del to
wards its pro
c
e
s
s dim
ensi
on va
riable
s
.
In this
point,
each va
riable
of
the input di
mensi
on a
ssociate
d
towa
rd ea
ch va
ri
able of the
pro
c
e
ss
dim
ensi
on in lin
e with
pro
c
e
ssi
onal
and ca
usal
model of IPO Model
[13]. (3) Developin
g
relati
onship bet
ween
Institutional
contexts to
ward
s all vari
able
s
in the
model b
a
sed on
con
c
ept of syste
m
environ
menta
l
influences [1
6, 18, 20].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5603 – 56
12
5608
Table 1. Ju
sti
f
ication of the
Relation
ship
s
Constructs Relations
hips References
Project contents
Project contents
→
Information
q
uality
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Project contents
→
S
y
stem quali
t
y
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Project contents
→
Service qualit
y
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Project contents
→
S
y
stem use
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Project contents
→
User Satisfa
c
tion
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
People and actions
P
eople and actions
→
Informatio
n qualit
y
[13, 14], [16], [
1
8
], [20], [22]
People and actions
→
S
y
stem q
uality
[13, 14], [16], [
1
8
], [20], [22]
People and actions
→
Service quality
[13, 14], [16], [
1
8
], [20], [22]
People and actions
→
S
y
stem u
s
e
[13, 14], [16], [
1
8
], [20], [22]
People and actions
→
User Sati
sfaction
[13, 14], [16], [
1
8
], [20], [22]
Institutional contexts
Institutional contexts
→
Info
rmat
ion quality
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
S
y
ste
m
Qualit
y
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
Service
quality
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
S
y
ste
m
use
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
Use
r
Sa
tisfaction
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
People
and actions
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
Project
contents
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Institutional contexts
→
Net
ben
efits
[13], [16], [18], [
2
0]
Information qualit
y
Information qualit
y
→
S
y
st
em us
e
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Information qualit
y
→
Use
r
satisfaction
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Information qualit
y
→
N
e
t benefit
s
[10], [14, 15], [
1
7
]
S
y
stem qualit
y
S
y
stem qualit
y
→
S
y
stem use
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
S
y
stem qualit
y
→
User satisfaction
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
S
y
stem qualit
y
→
Net ben
efits
[10], [14, 15], [
1
7
]
Service quality
Service quality
→
S
y
stem use
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Service quality
→
User satisfaction
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Service quality
→
Net bene
fits
[10], [14], [15], [
1
7]
S
y
stem use
S
y
stem use
→
User satisfaction
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
S
y
stem use
→
Net benefits
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
User satisfaction
User satisfaction
→
S
y
stem use
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
User satisfaction
→
Net ben
efits
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Net Benefits
Net Benefits
→
Information qualit
y
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17]
Net Benefits
→
S
y
stem qualit
y
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17]
Net Benefits
→
Service quality
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17]
Net Benefits
→
S
y
stem use
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Net Benefits
→
User satisfaction
[10, 11], [14, 1
5
],
[17], [19]
Fourth, the
model d
e
velo
ped in thi
s
study is
combi
nation of fou
r
theorie
s a
n
d
model
s
above mentio
ned. This
co
mbination
wa
s perfo
rme
d
in orde
r to re
spond two mai
n
issue
s
aro
u
nd
IS proje
c
t su
ccess m
odeli
ng, nam
ely validit
y and
comp
re
hen
si
veness of th
e mea
s
u
r
em
ent
model. Th
e
comp
re
hen
si
veness of t
he mod
e
l
d
e
velope
d is
mean
s that
the model
wa
s
develop
ed to
cover ove
r
all
dimensi
on of
a proje
c
t
in the co
ntext of its pro
c
e
ssi
o
nal and
cau
s
a
l
asp
e
ct
s a
s
i
n
dicate
d by
co
nclu
sio
n
s of t
w
o m
e
ta
-anal
ysis
studi
es [10, 11]. T
he
validity is me
ans
that this mod
e
l rep
r
e
s
ente
d
basi
s
of project su
cce
s
s theo
ries. T
h
ree m
a
in di
mensi
o
n
s
of the
develop
ed m
odel are inp
u
t, proce
s
s, and output
dimensi
o
n
s
. The pro
c
e
s
s dimen
s
io
n
is
con
s
i
s
ting two sub-dimen
s
ions:
system
cre
a
tion
and
system
use d
i
mensi
o
n
s
. T
he mo
del i
s
a
l
so
con
s
i
s
ting 9
variable
s
and
36
relatio
n
ships amo
ng t
he vari
able
s
.
Proje
c
t conte
n
ts, Peopl
e a
nd
action, a
nd In
stitutional
co
ntexts
are three varia
b
le
s for the i
nput
d
i
mensi
on. Informatio
n qu
al
ity,
System quali
t
y, Service quality,
System use, an
d User satisfa
c
tion are five variable
s
in the
pro
c
e
ss di
me
nsio
n, and Net benefits is
the variable f
o
r output dim
ensi
on.
In addition, i
n
ord
e
r to
measure qua
ntit
atively and qualitativel
y the model, authors
defined the v
a
riabl
es a
nd their indi
cato
rs (Ta
b
le 2
)
. Most of the in
dicato
rs
we
re
identified ba
sed
on four m
e
ta-analysi
s
stu
d
i
e
s of Petter e
t
al. [10], Urbach a
nd Mull
er [12], DeL
o
ne and M
c
le
a
n
[19], and McL
eod an
d MacDon
ell [20]. There a
r
e the
variable
s
u
s
e
d
in this study
:
(1)
Projec
t contents
,
the
deg
ree related
to
the vario
u
s fa
ctor
s
that are
co
nsi
dered a
s
p
r
op
erties
of the proje
c
t
itself whi
c
h
affect typicall
y, stra
tegicall
y, technically,
or mate
rially the pro
c
e
ss
of proje
c
t [20].
(2)
People a
nd a
c
tion
s,
the de
gree
rel
a
ted t
o
the pe
ople’
s cha
r
a
c
t
e
ri
st
ics,
a
c
t
i
on
s,
i
n
t
e
ra
ct
ion
s
and rel
a
tion
ships
sha
pe th
e developm
e
n
t trajecto
ry and proje
c
t outcome
s in m
u
ltiple way
s
[20].
(3)
Institutional context
s
,
the degree relate
d to the both internal o
r
ga
nizatio
nal pro
pertie
s
and
external envi
r
onmental
con
d
itions that af
fe
ct the proje
c
t, often in unpredi
ctabl
e ways.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Input-Proce
ss-Output
Model fo
r Me
asu
r
ing Info
rm
ation… (A’
a
ng Subiyakto
)
5609
(4)
Inform
ation q
uality,
the
de
gree
to
whi
c
h information
co
nsi
s
tently
meets the
re
quire
ment
s
and expe
ctati
ons of the u
s
ers in
p
e
rfo
r
ming their jo
b
s
[10].
(5)
System
Quali
t
y,
the deg
re
e relate
d to t
he pe
rceived
ease
of u
s
e i
s
the fam
o
u
s
definition of
this co
nst
r
uct
relating to the techn
o
logy
accepta
n
ce (TAM) mod
e
l.
(6)
Servi
c
e Q
uali
t
y,
the degree
of the excellence of sy
ste
m
servi
c
e
s
into use
r
s [19].
(7)
System
Use,
the degree in
whi
c
h an IT is
utilized by its users [19].
(8)
User satisfa
c
tion,
the degree of the use
r
’s level of sati
sfactio
n
when utilizi
ng
an IT as the
proje
c
t output
[14, 22].
(9)
Net Benefits
,
the extent to
whi
c
h
IS are
co
ntributin
g
to the
su
ccess of i
ndividu
a
l
s, g
r
oup
s,
orga
nization
s, industrie
s, a
nd nation
s
[1
9].
Table 2. Ju
sti
f
ication of the
Indicators
Constructs Indicators
References
Project contents
Project size
Project complexity
Ne
w
ness to orga
nization
Appropriaten
e
ss of the strategic m
anagement
Clarit
y
of the
proj
ect strategic management
Resour
ces availability
Technolog
y
d
e
velopment
Data qualit
y
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
People and actions
Professionalism
Integrit
y
Norms
Stakeholder’s support
Clarit
y
of the
proj
ect structure
Conflict management
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
[20]
Institutional context
Orga
nizational cultures
Orga
nizational Policie
s
Orga
nizational experiences
Legacies sy
stem
and infrastructur
e
Business environ
ment
External conte
x
t
[16], [18], [20]
[16], [18], [20]
[16], [18], [20]
[16], [18], [20]
[16], [18], [20]
[16], [18], [20]
Information qualit
y
Accuracy
Timeliness
Completeness
Relevance
Consistency
[19]
[19]
[19]
[19]
[19]
S
y
stem qualit
y
Ease-of-use
Reliability
F
l
ex
ibility
Functionality
Maintainability
Response time
[10, 11], [19]
[10, 11], [19]
[19], [32]
[19]
[10]
[19], [32]
Service quality
Assurance
Empath
y
Responsiveness
F
l
ex
ibility
Interperson
a
l qu
ality
Technological training
Securit
y
[19], [33]
[19], [33]
[19] ,[33]
[34]
[34]
[34]
[35]
S
y
stem use
Nature of
use
Extent of use
Intensit
y
of use
[19]
[19],[36]
[37], [38]
User satisfaction
Adequac
y
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Overall satisfaction
[39-41]
[39-41]
[39-41]
[31], [38-4
2
]
Net benefit
Profitability
Enha
ncement
Job perform
ance
Resour
ces savings
Managerial effect
iveness
Productivity
impr
ovement
Product qualit
y
i
m
provement
Customer satisfaction
Competitive advantage
Market exp
ansions
[43]
[32], [37]
[19], [31], [39],
[
44]
[31], [39], [44], [
4
5]
[31, 32], [44, 4
5
],
[37]
[46]
[46]
[39], [46]
[19]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 7, July 201
4: 5603 – 56
12
5610
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
based o
n
di
scu
ssi
on
s invo
lved
12 d
o
cto
r
al
student
s i
n
the differen
t
topics
of IS field an
d 6 a
c
ad
emi
c
ian
s
who
ha
d expe
rien
ce
s in the
dom
ain, two m
a
i
n
issue
s
of t
heir
comm
ents a
n
d
sug
g
e
s
tion
s are relate
d to compl
e
xi
ty of the propo
sed m
odel a
nd its validity. In
orde
r to
re
sp
ond the
s
e
a
s
pect
s
, re
se
arche
r
s p
r
opo
sed the
use o
f
ca
se
study
to explore th
e
compl
e
xity a
nd to
mea
s
u
r
e the
validity
as
de
scri
b
ed
by Ru
ne
son
and
Hö
st [4
7] that the
stu
d
y
is
origin
ally use
d
prim
arily fo
r explo
r
atory
and
c
onfirma
tory purpo
se
s in
spe
c
ific
phen
omen
on,
in
particula
rly for testin
g valid
ity of the com
b
inati
on
between th
ree va
riable
s
of the i
nput dim
ensi
o
n
that ado
pted
from the
proj
ect
cla
ssifi
cat
o
ry fram
ew
ork
[20] and
its relation
shi
p
s toward
va
riab
les
of the pro
c
ess dimen
s
io
n and the ou
put
dimens
i
on from the D&M IS succe
s
s model [19].
5. Conclusio
n
Literatu
re stu
d
y
sh
own
th
a
t
most studie
s
in
the IS/IT
proje
c
t man
ageme
n
t topics is
still
indicate a disagre
e
me
nt around d
e
finitio
n
of proj
e
c
t succe
ss. Me
a
n
whil
e, most
resea
r
che
s
a
n
d
pra
c
titione
rs
are still use singl
e or pa
rtial dimen
s
ion
in modeling
of proje
c
t su
ccess.Thi
s
st
udy
wa
s cond
uct
ed to respon
d these two
main issu
es
.
Therefore, th
e develo
ped
model i
s
the
majo
r
contri
bution
o
f
this
wo
rk. Al
though
the
re
sult of
t
he
stu
d
y is
only a
p
r
opo
sition
mo
del, but it
ha
s
been d
e
velop
ed to cove
r four ba
si
s the
o
rie
s
and m
o
dels of IS pro
j
ect su
cce
ss,
namely: the IPO
logic mo
del, the proj
ect su
ccess theo
rie
s
, the D&
M succe
ss mo
del
, and the proj
ect cla
s
sificat
o
ry
frame
w
ork. T
he IPO mod
e
l wa
s imple
m
ented in o
r
der to re
pre
s
ent a comp
re
hen
sive view o
f
proje
c
t proce
ss. Th
e proj
e
c
t su
ccess th
eorie
s were
a
dopted in o
r
d
e
r to rep
r
e
s
e
n
t cau
s
alitie
s
o
f
proje
c
t su
cce
ss.
T
he D&M
IS
succe
s
s model wa
s
a
l
so a
dopte
d
i
n
line
with its validitie
s th
at
been
domin
a
n
t use
d
to d
a
t
e. Lastly, the
proj
ect
cl
a
s
sificatory fra
m
ewo
r
k a
s
the
input vari
abl
es
wa
s ado
pted
based on the
influen
ce co
n
c
ept of project environme
n
t.
Rep
r
e
s
entati
on of
the
s
e
theo
rie
s
a
nd m
odel
s i
s
ai
med
to
en
su
re vali
dity and
comp
re
se
nsi
v
eness
of th
e mod
e
l. Co
mpre
hen
sive
is me
an
s tha
t
the mo
del
wa
s d
e
velop
ed to
cover ove
r
all
dimensi
on o
f
project in the co
nt
ext of its proce
s
si
onal and
ca
usal a
s
pe
ct
s as
indicated by
sug
g
e
s
tion b
y
four refe
rre
d
meta-
analy
s
is
studi
es. V
a
lid is m
ean
s that this mo
del
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
basi
s
of project su
cce
ss
theorie
s mo
d
e
ls. The mo
del is con
s
isting three m
a
in
dimen
s
ion
s
, namely:
in
pu
t,
pro
c
e
ss, and output
dimen
s
ion
s
. The pro
c
e
ss
dime
nsio
n is
con
s
i
s
ting two sub-dimen
s
ions:
system
cre
a
tion
and
system
use d
i
mensi
o
n
s
. T
he mo
del i
s
a
l
so
con
s
i
s
ting 9
variable
s
an
d
36 relation
ships am
ong t
he variabl
es.
The co
heren
t combinatio
n
o
f
dimen
s
ion
s
,
variable
s
, a
n
d
rel
a
tion
shi
p
s i
s
al
so
a
nother uni
qu
e co
ntrib
u
tio
n
of this
wo
rk. In
sho
r
t, the
mo
del d
e
velopm
ent of thi
s
st
udy p
r
e
s
ente
d
that th
e m
o
del
wa
s d
e
ve
loped
u
s
ing
the
previou
s
the
o
rie
s
rath
er
than on em
pirical pr
o
o
fs. Therefore, further re
searche
s
can
be
con
d
u
c
ted q
uantitatively and q
ualitatively to test
va
lidity of the variabl
es pa
rticula
r
ly for th
ree
variable
s
of the input dime
nsio
n and its
relation
sh
i
p
s
toward varia
b
l
es of the pro
c
e
ss dim
e
n
s
i
on
and the ou
put
dimensi
on.
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ati
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Im
plem
entation of Input-Proce
ss-Output
Model fo
r Me
asu
r
ing Info
rm
ation… (A’
a
ng Subiyakto
)
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