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r
a
c
k
o
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he
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
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h
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d
a
m
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ge
d
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nt
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k
ee
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a
n
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o
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h
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p
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ce
n
t
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
a
f
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e
c
t
e
d
a
r
ea
[9]
.
T
r
a
di
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
he
p
a
d
d
y
le
a
f
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s
a
r
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
u
s
i
ng
a
na
k
ed
e
y
e
s
ob
se
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
od
[11]
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
vi
su
al
l
y
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
ts
b
y
i
d
e
nt
i
f
yi
n
g
t
h
e
c
ha
n
ge
s
in
t
h
e
p
a
d
d
y
l
e
af
c
o
lo
r
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
d
i
f
f
er
e
nt
e
xpe
r
ts
m
a
y
c
l
a
s
s
if
y
t
h
e
s
a
me
p
a
r
t
as
a
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
.
T
h
us
,
to
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
a
c
c
u
ra
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y
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a
p
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p
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d
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e
d
.
Y
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to
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bo
r
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o
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s,
t
i
m
e
-
c
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m
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ng
a
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i
m
p
ra
c
tic
a
l
f
or
t
h
e
la
r
ge
f
i
e
l
d
[
1
2]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
ob
l
e
m
s
d
is
c
us
s
e
d
,
t
h
e
v
is
ua
l
re
co
gn
i
t
i
o
n
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f
d
i
s
e
a
s
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s
o
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le
a
v
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s
is
ob
s
e
r
v
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d
to
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e
l
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s
a
c
c
ur
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t
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a
nd
it
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q
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i
r
e
s
m
o
r
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e
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r
i
e
n
c
e
d
w
o
r
ke
r
s
.
T
h
u
s,
a
f
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s
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a
nd
a
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ur
a
t
e
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
to
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l
a
s
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if
y
p
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d
d
y
le
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f
di
s
e
a
s
e
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s
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d
.
T
h
e
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fo
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,
a
s
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o
m
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l
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m
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s
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g
te
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i
que
is
pr
o
p
o
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e
d
.
T
he
i
m
a
ge
p
r
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c
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ss
in
g
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h
n
i
q
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is
ve
r
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e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
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d
d
e
p
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n
da
b
le
d
ay
b
y
da
y
.
Fe
a
t
ur
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e
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t
ra
c
ti
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h
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i
q
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es
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o
lo
r
,
t
e
xt
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r
e
,
a
n
d
s
h
a
p
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r
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i
m
pl
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m
e
n
t
ed
to
a
na
l
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ze
t
h
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h
a
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c
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s
t
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c
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o
f
t
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p
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d
d
y
l
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a
f
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
.
W
h
e
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e
a
s,
a
S
u
p
po
r
t
V
e
c
t
o
r
M
a
c
hi
n
e
(S
V
M
)
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
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is
u
s
e
d
t
o
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l
a
s
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fy
t
he
f
o
ur
t
y
pe
s
o
f
p
a
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le
a
f
d
i
s
e
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se
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
t
he
b
r
o
w
n
sp
o
t,
b
a
c
t
e
r
ial
le
a
f
b
l
i
ght
,
t
u
n
g
ro
v
i
r
us
,
a
nd
l
e
a
f
sc
a
l
d
.
T
he
o
ut
c
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
e
xpe
c
t
e
d
to
a
s
s
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st
t
he
a
g
r
o
te
c
h
n
ol
o
g
y
i
n
d
u
st
r
y
in
e
ar
l
y
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
pa
d
d
y
le
a
f
d
i
s
e
a
se
w
he
r
e
a
n
a
p
p
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o
p
r
i
a
t
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
ul
d
b
e
t
a
ke
n
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
l
y.
I
n
a
n
o
t
h
er
n
o
t
e
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
at
i
c
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
n
e
xt
r
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a
d
v
an
t
a
ge
a
s
it
m
a
y
re
d
u
c
e
a
la
r
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w
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t
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n
g
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
rg
e
c
ro
p
o
f
pa
d
d
y
.
2
.
RE
S
EA
R
C
H
M
ET
H
O
D
T
he
a
i
m
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
is
to
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
l
a
s
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fy
t
h
e
p
a
d
d
y
l
e
a
f
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
u
s
in
g
i
m
a
ge
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
e
c
hn
i
q
u
e,
a
n
d
to
e
v
a
l
u
a
te
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
d
e
p
i
c
t
s
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
pr
o
c
e
s
s
f
l
o
w
of
t
h
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
c
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
ati
o
n
o
f
pa
dd
y
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
pr
o
ce
s
s
f
l
o
w
of
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ut
o
m
a
t
i
c
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
pa
d
d
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le
a
f
di
s
e
a
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T
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
p
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ss
o
f
a
ut
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m
a
t
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c
l
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f
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c
a
t
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f
p
a
d
d
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le
a
f
d
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s
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a
s
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b
eg
i
ns
w
i
t
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t
h
e
i
n
s
e
r
t
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o
n
o
f
pa
d
d
y
le
a
f
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
i
m
a
ge
.
T
h
e
i
n
s
e
r
t
e
d
i
ma
g
e
w
ill
go
t
h
r
ou
gh
t
he
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
st
a
ge
s
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
pr
e
-
p
ro
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
.
T
he
pr
e
-
p
ro
c
es
s
i
ng
i
nc
l
ude
s
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
h
a
nc
e
m
e
n
t.
On
t
he
o
t
h
e
r
ha
n
d,
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
st
a
ge
c
o
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
t
w
o
s
u
b
-
pr
o
c
e
s
s
es
w
hi
c
h
a
r
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f
ea
t
u
r
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e
xt
ra
c
t
i
o
n
a
nd
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n.
D
ur
i
ng
t
h
e
f
ea
t
ur
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e
xt
ra
c
t
i
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss,
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
a
d
d
y
le
a
f
d
i
s
e
a
se
w
ill
b
e
e
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
.
T
he
p
r
o
c
e
ss
is
us
e
d
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
ea
c
h
Re
g
i
o
n
o
f
In
te
r
e
s
t
(
R
O
I)
w
hi
c
h
c
o
n
s
e
qu
e
nt
l
y
pr
o
d
uc
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d
t
h
e
R
OI
ta
b
l
e
.
Ne
x
t,
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
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s
w
ill
a
u
to
m
a
t
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c
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l
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fy
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d
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c
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r
od
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t
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f
i
n
a
l
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tc
o
m
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t
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c
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a
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e
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T
he
d
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t
a
i
l
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xp
l
a
na
t
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o
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a
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bor
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t
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r
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h
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r
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n
t
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ne
x
t
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b
s
e
c
t
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o
n
s
.
2.
1
.
T
e
s
ti
n
g
I
m
age
s
H
u
n
d
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ed
a
n
d
s
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x
t
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o
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leaf
d
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w
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c
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,
b
ro
w
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po
t,
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a
f
s
c
a
l
d
w
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c
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l
l
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c
t
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d
.
T
a
b
le
1
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pl
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on
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1.
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2.
2
.
Pre
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P
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o
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s
s
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T
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d
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f
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m
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t
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s
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mo
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hn
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n
i
t
[
1
3]
.
T
h
us
,
i
m
a
ge
e
n
h
a
nc
e
m
e
nt
p
l
a
ys
an
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m
p
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a
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le
in
t
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d
o
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pr
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.
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is
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a
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f
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m
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ge
[14]
.
T
he
q
ua
l
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t
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o
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t
he
im
a
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i
s
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t
i
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[1
5
]
.
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
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s
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J
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1
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[
1
3]
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[18].
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T
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3
.
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N
[
1
9]
.
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4
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.
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.
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∑
∑
(
2)
H
o
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A
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∑
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(3)
C
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M
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gh
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p
ix
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s.
∑
∑
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
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c
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:
2502
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4752
A
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[20]
.
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[
2
1]
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R
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[2
2
]
.
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I
nt
e
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n
at
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on
al
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onf
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r
e
nc
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u
r
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nt
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r
e
nd
s
i
n
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dv
anc
e
d
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om
pu
t
i
ng
(
I
C
C
T
A
C
)
,
2016
.
[
4]
A
.
A
.
J
o
s
hi
,
a
nd
B
.
J
a
dh
a
v
,
“
M
o
ni
t
o
r
i
ng
a
nd
C
o
n
t
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l
l
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c
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m
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qu
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nt
e
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at
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on
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on
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nc
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om
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t
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nal
y
t
i
c
s
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c
ur
i
t
y
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r
e
nds
(
C
A
ST
)
,
pp.
4
71
-
476
,
2016
.
[
5]
P
.
B
.
P
a
do
l
a
nd
A
.
A
.
Y
a
da
v
,
"
S
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f
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o
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onf
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nc
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s
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n
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gn
al
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
(
C
A
SP
)
,
P
un
e
,
pp
.
175
-
17
9,
20
16.
[
6]
P
.
C
h
a
udh
a
r
y
e
t
al
.
,
“
C
o
l
o
r
T
r
a
ns
f
o
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m
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a
s
e
d
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ppr
o
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c
h
f
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r
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i
s
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po
t
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l
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f
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t
e
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na
t
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ona
l
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our
nal
o
f
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om
pu
t
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r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
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e
l
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
v
o
l
.
3
(
6)
,
p
p.
65
-
71
,
2012
.
[
7]
A
.
S
i
ng
h
a
nd
M
.
L
.
S
i
ng
h,
"
A
ut
o
m
a
t
e
d
b
l
a
s
t
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s
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s
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de
t
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om
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ddy
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nt
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a
f
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l
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c
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o
a
c
h,
"
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h
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nt
e
r
n
at
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on
al
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o
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
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n
dus
t
r
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a
l
T
e
c
h
no
l
og
y
and
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anage
m
e
nt
(
I
C
I
T
M
)
,
O
xf
o
r
d,
201
8,
pp.
33
9
-
344.
[
8]
P
.
K
um
a
r
a
n
d
N
.
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ho
i
,
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pu
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c
at
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on
s
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l
.
1
57(
1
)
,
p
p.
24
-
27
,
201
7
.
[
9]
N
.
R
i
s
h
i
a
nd
J
.
S
.
G
i
l
l
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n
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nt
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ne
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s
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ar
c
h
(
I
J
SE
R
)
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v
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l
.
3
(
5
)
,
pp
.
11
4
-
117,
2
015
.
[
10]
J
a
dh
a
v
R
.
e
t
al
.
,
“
R
i
s
k
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
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g
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ul
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l
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t
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c
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e
v
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e
w
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nd
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e
t
a
-
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
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our
nal
o
f
A
gr
om
e
di
c
i
ne
,
v
o
l
.
20(
4
)
,
pp.
4
34
-
449
,
2015
.
[
11]
V
.
S
i
ng
h
a
nd
A
.
K
.
M
i
s
r
a
,
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e
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t
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o
n
o
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pl
a
nt
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f
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s
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s
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g
m
e
nt
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t
i
o
n
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nd
s
o
f
t
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om
put
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ng
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,
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In
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
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r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
i
n
A
gr
i
c
u
l
t
ur
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
(
1)
,
pp
.
41
-
49,
201
7.
[
12]
P
.
C
h
a
udh
a
r
y
e
t
al
.
,
“
C
o
l
o
r
T
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
B
a
s
e
d
A
ppr
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c
h
f
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r
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s
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a
s
e
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po
t
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t
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n
o
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l
a
n
t
L
e
a
f
,
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nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
our
nal
o
f
C
om
pu
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
and
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
v
o
l
.
3
(
6)
,
p
p.
65
-
71
,
2012
.
[
13]
B
.
C
h
i
t
r
a
de
v
i
a
nd
P
.
S
r
i
m
a
t
h
i
,
“
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n
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
n
I
m
a
g
e
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
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e
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
,
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n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
our
nal
o
f
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nno
v
at
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v
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R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
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n
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om
p
ut
e
r
and
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
pp.
6
466
-
647
2,
20
14.
[
14]
A
.
S
.
A
.
S
a
l
a
m
,
M
.
N
.
M
.
I
s
a
,
M
.
I
.
A
hm
a
d,
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pa
t
i
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l
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m
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1
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4
,
M
5,
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7
)
,
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ndone
s
i
an
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o
ur
n
al
of
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l
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c
t
r
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c
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l
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ngi
ne
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r
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g
an
d
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om
put
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r
Sc
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nc
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l
.
14(
1
)
,
pp.
25
0
-
257
,
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pr
i
l
201
9.
[
15]
A
.
J
a
i
n,
F
undam
e
nt
al
s
o
f
D
i
g
i
t
al
I
m
age
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
,
P
r
e
nt
i
c
e
-
H
a
l
l
,
1989
,
C
ha
p
.
7,
pp
.
235
.
[
16]
H
.
A
.
N
ug
r
o
ho
e
t
al
.
,
“
S
ha
pe
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
f
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l
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s
s
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f
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c
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t
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br
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t
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di
g
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t
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m
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g
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s
,
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nd
one
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i
a
n
J
our
nal
o
f
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l
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c
t
r
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c
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l
E
ngi
ne
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ng
and
C
om
p
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r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
v
o
l
.
13
(
2
)
,
pp.
8
37
-
844
,
F
e
b
201
9
.
[
17]
A
.
S
i
ng
h
a
nd
K
.
G
up
t
a
,
“
A
C
o
nt
r
a
s
t
E
n
ha
nc
e
m
e
n
t
T
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hn
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qu
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f
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g
ht
I
m
a
g
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s
,
”
2nd
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
C
C
S
20
15)
,
201
5.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
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In
do
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E
l
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m
p
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l
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16
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o
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2
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N
o
v
e
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be
r
2
019
:
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7
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774
[
18]
M
.
B
o
ui
l
l
o
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
G
r
a
y
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n:
A
m
e
a
ni
ng
f
ul
g
r
a
y
s
c
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l
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c
o
nv
e
r
s
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t
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m
pr
o
v
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ndw
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t
t
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s
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
do
c
um
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nt
s
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
P
at
t
e
r
n
R
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
12
1,
pp
.
46
-
51
,
2019
.
[
19]
P
.
M
o
ha
na
i
a
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
m
a
g
e
T
e
xt
ur
e
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
E
xt
r
a
c
t
i
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n
U
s
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ng
G
L
C
M
A
ppr
o
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c
h,
”
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
o
ur
n
al
of
Sc
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
&
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
P
ubl
i
c
a
t
i
on
,
v
o
l
.
3(
5
)
,
p
p.
1
-
5
,
2
013
.
[
20]
D
.
P
.
T
i
a
n,
“
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
I
m
a
g
e
F
e
a
t
ur
e
E
x
t
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a
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t
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o
n
a
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p
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e
nt
a
t
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T
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c
hn
i
que
s
,
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I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
nal
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our
n
al
o
f
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
di
a
an
d
U
b
i
qu
i
t
ous
E
n
gi
ne
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r
i
ng
,
v
o
l
.
8
(
4
)
,
J
ul
2
013
.
[
21]
P
.
S
.
K
um
a
r
a
nd
V
s
.
D
ha
r
u
n,
“
E
xt
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
of
T
e
xt
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F
e
a
t
ur
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s
us
i
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L
C
M
a
nd
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ha
pe
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
us
i
ng
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o
nne
c
t
e
d
R
e
g
i
o
ns
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
ou
r
na
l
of
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
og
y
,
v
ol
.
8
.
pp.
2
926
-
293
0,
20
16
.
[
22]
J
.
N
a
`
a
m
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
n
A
ut
o
m
a
t
i
c
R
O
I
of
T
he
F
undus
P
ho
t
o
g
r
a
phy
,
”
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nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
our
na
l
of
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l
e
c
t
r
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c
a
l
and
C
om
put
e
r
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
8
(
6
)
,
pp
.
4
545
-
455
3
,
D
e
c
2
01
8
.
[
23]
N
.
L
.
I
.
R
us
l
i
,
A
.
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m
i
r
,
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.
A
.
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.
Z
a
hr
i
,
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.
B
.
A
hm
a
d,
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pe
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o
c
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s
s
i
ng
,
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I
nd
one
s
i
an
J
ou
r
na
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
C
om
pu
t
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
v
o
l
.
13
(
3
)
,
pp.
99
9
-
1006
,
M
a
r
2019
.
[
24]
M
.
A
.
C
ha
n
dr
a
a
n
d
S
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