TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.5, May 2014, pp
. 3962 ~ 39
6
8
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomni
ka.v12i5.4039
3962
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 1
0
, 201
3; Revi
se
d Decem
b
e
r
20, 2013; Accept
ed Ja
nua
ry 9,
2014
Positioning System of Underground Coal Mines Based
on ZigBee Technology
Zhang De
1
, Li Gang Yan
2
1
Institute of Mechan
ical a
nd El
ectronic En
gi
n
eeri
ng,
W
uha
n Univers
i
t
y
of
T
e
chno
log
y
W
uha
n Cit
y
,
H
ube
i Provinc
e
, 430
07
0, Chin
a
2
Loufan L
u
d
i
Minin
g
Lim
i
ted C
o
mpa
n
y
,
Loufa
n
Co
unt
y
,
Shan
xi Prov
in
ce, 0303
00, Ch
ina
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he study i
n
tro
duces th
e
ma
n
and
mach
ine
posit
i
oni
ng sys
tem
of un
dergr
oun
d co
al
mi
n
e
s bas
e
d
on the Z
i
gB
ee
W
i
reless Co
mmu
n
icati
on
T
e
chno
logy.
It can real
i
z
e
t
he effective
mana
ge
me
nt of the
precis
e positioning of
mach
ine and t
he wor
k
ers. This
artic
l
e
pres
ents the com
p
osition
of the system
, t
h
e
perfor
m
a
n
ce a
nd
man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t of content a
nd netw
o
rk fo
r
m
ati
on. T
he a
c
tual ap
pl
icatio
n show
s that th
e
und
ergro
u
n
d
ma
n-
mac
h
in
e
positi
oni
ng sys
tem b
a
se
d on
Z
i
gBee tec
hno
l
ogy ca
n play
a
n
i
m
porta
nt rol
e
in
the
underground personnel informati
on and
secur
i
ty m
a
nag
em
ent. So the system
c
a
n
m
e
et the needs of
the mi
ne safety
man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t and ther
e
has
great ap
plic
atio
n prosp
e
ct.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Zig
B
ee techn
o
l
o
g
y
, position
i
n
g
system, in
for
m
a
t
ion man
a
g
e
ment, emerge
nc
y adapti
n
g
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
The main
re
aso
n
and the
dire
ct cau
s
e
of accid
ents in mines a
r
e
the person'
s unsaf
e
behavio
rs an
d insecurity state of the m
anag
em
ent.
The ma
nag
ers
cann
ot exchang
e info
rm
ation
timely with u
nderground
p
e
rson
s in
re
a
l
-time, re
al time di
stri
butio
n of the mi
ne
perso
nnel
a
nd
can't
be o
b
tai
ned; p
r
e
c
ise
positio
ning
of the staff
can'
t be gotten
effectively. Esp
e
cially in
so
m
e
unexpe
cted
a
cci
dent, it i
s
unabl
e to d
e
termin
e the
e
x
act lo
cation
of the min
e
person
nel, th
us
lead to the in
cre
a
se num
b
e
r of ca
su
alties. The
r
efo
r
e
,
how to re
alize the p
e
rson
nel po
sitionin
g
in
the unde
rg
ro
und mine h
a
s great sig
n
ificance in
the safety manage
ment of the mine.
Und
e
rg
ro
und
Man-ma
chi
ne Positioni
ng Sy
stem, also kn
own as the person
n
e
l
positio
ning a
nd un
dergro
u
nd work pe
rsonnel m
ana
g
e
ment sy
ste
m
, is gen
erall
y
compo
s
e
d
by a
recognitio
n
card, lo
cation
monitori
ng
station, po
wer
sup
p
ly unit (With the inte
gration
of su
b-
station),
tran
spo
r
t inte
rfaces,
Ho
st
co
mputer
(i
ncl
u
ding monito
r),
sy
stem so
ftware, se
rve
r
,
printe
r, large
-
scree
n
, UPS power suppli
e
s, rem
o
te terminal, netwo
rk interf
ace
s
and ca
ble
s
a
n
d
so on.
2. Comparis
on of Differ
e
n
t Positionin
g
Method
s
2.1. The Personnel Positioning Tech
nolog
y
Base
d on RFID
The
wo
rkin
g
prin
cipl
e of
RFID (radi
o fr
eq
uen
cy
identificatio
n devices)
p
o
sitioni
ng
techn
o
logy its is p
u
tting a
certai
n num
b
e
r of ba
se
stations in
down hole, and
e
a
ch b
a
se stat
ion
is co
nne
cted
with the gro
und controll
e
r
throu
gh co
mmuni
cation
cable a
nd d
a
ta cabl
e, each
person
have
the id
entification
of
ra
dio fre
que
ncy ca
rd,
whe
n
the
peo
pl
e go
into t
h
e
unde
rg
roun
d,
as l
ong
a
s
t
he p
eople
pa
ss or ne
ar
th
e re
ceivin
g
stations, the
b
a
se
statio
n will
immediately
receive
s
th
e
signal, a
nd
upl
oade
d the
inf
o
rmatio
n to
the m
a
in
co
ntrol m
a
chine
on
the gro
und.
The ma
ste
r
machi
ne
can
store the
inf
o
rmatio
n thro
ugh
softwa
r
e
platform; an
d put
the informati
on on the screen,
and the
every day informatio
n ca
n
be saved to the databa
se
of
mine pe
rson
nel man
age
ment. The
manag
er
ca
n ch
eck the
total numb
e
r of un
de
rg
roun
d
person
nel in real time, personnel info
rma
t
ion nearby
the base
statio
n, etc., it also
can que
ry the
informatio
n a
c
cordi
ng to the spe
c
ific tim
e
, the name o
r
numb
e
r of the mine pe
rsonnel n
eede
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Positionin
g
System
of Und
e
rg
rou
nd Coa
l
Mines Ba
se
d on ZigBee
Tech
nolo
g
y
(Zhang
De
)
3963
2.2. TDO
A
Location T
e
c
hnolog
y
The prin
cipl
e of TDOA (Ti
m
e Differen
c
e of c
oncaten
ated) po
sition
ing techn
o
log
y
is that
the ra
dio freq
uen
cy identifi
c
ati
on ca
rd
la
unche
s
two
wirel
e
ss si
g
n
a
ls
with diffe
rent propa
gati
o
n
velocity, the wirel
e
ss two
kind
s of
sign
al tran
smi
ssi
on spee
d ba
se
station
s
can calculate
the
distan
ce
bet
wee
n
the
ra
dio freque
ncy identificat
io
n card a
nd
WAP (Wirele
s
s Acce
ss P
o
int)
according to
the differen
c
e of arrival time of
the two sign
als. In the same
wa
y, the distance
betwe
en two
WAP and the radio frequ
ency ide
n
tification ca
rd ca
n be mea
s
u
r
ed throu
gh the
three e
dge
measuri
ng m
e
thod o
r
maximum likeli
h
o
od estim
a
tion
method, thu
s
the locatio
n
of
the radi
o freq
uen
cy identification
ca
rd can be det
e
r
m
i
ned. Usually
radio frequ
en
cy identificati
o
n
card e
m
its
ra
dio fre
que
ncy
sig
nal
or th
e
ultrasoni
c
sig
nals,
T1, T2
are
arrival tim
e
of two
sign
als
as sho
w
n in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Positioning Prin
ci
ple Dia
g
ra
m of
TDOA
As radio f
r
eq
uen
cy sig
nal
is
kno
w
n
and
the ultrasoni
c p
r
op
agatio
n
sp
eed i
s
1
C
an
d
2
C
so the di
stan
ce bet
wee
n
the AP and the radio frequ
ency ide
n
tification ca
rd is
as (1
).
12
dTT
S
(1)
Whe
r
e,
12
1
2
()
SC
C
C
C
2.3. Positioning Technol
og
y
Based o
n
RSSI
RSSI (Re
c
eiv
ed Signal Strength Indi
cat
o
r) i
s
ba
sed o
n
received si
gnal strength,
and the
positio
ning te
chn
o
logy receive the sam
e
sig
nal of
id
entification
card at le
ast t
h
ree AP at t
he
s
a
me time to,
as
s
h
own in figure 2 and obtain the
value of RSSI,. I
t
c
an get relative dis
t
ance of
radio
freq
uen
cy identification
card to e
a
ch
W
AP th
rough E
q
(2)
and
(3), th
en
merge
with t
h
e
absolute
coo
r
dinate
s
with
WAP, and th
en throug
h th
ree
edge
s m
easurin
g met
hod o
r
maxi
mum
likeliho
od
est
i
mation meth
od pe
rson
nel
locatio
n
inf
o
rmatio
n in t
he min
e
can
be o
b
taine
d
.
Comp
utation
formula
s
are as follo
ws:
00
0
()
(
)
1
0
l
g
(
)
d
pd
pd
d
(2)
00
()
(
)
10
0
10
pd
pd
dd
(3)
Whe
r
e
()
p
d
、
0
()
p
d
respectively, rep
r
esents th
e d
i
st
an
ce from
the base stat
ion WAP
for d, and th
e stre
ngth si
gnal st
ren
g
th
of d0,
()
pd
is the actual
re
ce
ived power,
0
()
pd
is
the
received po
wer at the refe
ren
c
e di
stan
ce d0,
η
is
the path loss
fac
t
or,
0
is
G
a
uss
i
an
r
a
nd
o
m
variable
s
of zero me
an wit
h
stand
ard d
e
v
iation is
δ
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3962 – 39
68
3964
1
θ
2
θ
Figure 2. Positioning Prin
ci
ple Dia
g
ra
m of
RSSI
Figure 3. Location Prin
cipl
e Diag
ram of
AOA
2.4. Personn
el Positioning Technolog
y
Based on AO
A
AOA (angle
of arrival)
locatio
n
tech
nology is to
get positio
n dire
ction
s
through
measuri
ng an
gle between t
a
rget an
d location
nod
e.When two lo
cat
i
ng nod
e me
asu
r
e the
sa
me
sign
als emitted fro
m
o
ne t
a
rget
nod
e at
the
same
ti
me, interse
c
ti
on of th
e two
the AOA i
n
come
goal is a
direction location of the target, wh
ich i
s
shown in the Figure 3
below.If make t
he
hypothe
sis th
at sign
al arri
val angle
of locali
zatio
n
n
ode A an
d B
are
1
,
2
respectively, the
formula (4)
can be obtai
ne
d:
0
0
ta
n(
)
i
i
i
x
x
y
y
i
=1
，
2
(4)
The nod
e location co
ordi
n
a
tes if
00
(,
)
x
y
target can b
e
obtain
ed by solving
the nonline
a
r
equatio
n.
2.5. ZigBee
Technolo
g
y
Due to
sho
r
t
-ra
nge, lo
w-complexity, low-p
o
wer, lo
w data rate, a
nd low-co
st, ZigBee
techn
o
logy h
a
s be
en reco
gnized a
s
the
main tech
nical sup
port of
the wirel
e
ss
sen
s
o
r
netwo
rk.
Zigbee
st
ru
cture i
s
com
p
o
s
ed
of the
ap
plicatio
n la
ye
r, network lay
e
r, ap
plicatio
n suppo
rt lay
e
r,
data link lay
e
r, the medi
a access an
d physical layers,et
c
. Th
e netwo
rk la
yer proto
c
ol
is
develop
ed by
the ZigBee
Alliance. T
h
e
physi
cal
lay
e
r, medi
a acce
ss l
a
yer, a
nd the dat
a link
layer use the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The phy
si
cal
layer of IEEE 802.15.4
si
mply adopt
s
bit
techn
o
logy, symbol
-to-symbol
ma
ppin
g
co
nversion
techn
o
logy
to the chi
p
seq
uen
ce, of
fset
quadrate phase
shift keyi
ng (OQPSK) modulation
techniques, al
gorithm
s
of channel coding,
etc.;
media
a
c
cess
l
a
yer use
s
ca
rrie
r
sen
s
e mu
ltipl
e
add
re
ss co
llision avoida
nce
technolo
g
y,
support
sl
eep mode. Ba
sed on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol,
ZigBee technol
ogy
adopt
s the gl
obal
free-ban
d in
comm
uni
cati
on. Global
ba
nd 2.400
~ 2.
484G
Hz, in Europ
e
, the ba
nd is fro
m
86
8.0
to 868.6M
Hz, the
United
States h
a
s ad
o
p
ted the
b
a
n
d
90
2
~ 9
2
8
M
Hz,
the tran
sfer rate
is from
250
kbit/s to
20 kbit/s a
nd
40 kbit/s ,an
d
its theo
retica
l value of
co
mmuni
cation
distan
ce i
s
a
bout
10 ~ 75m, th
e spe
c
ific mo
dule pa
ram
e
ters a
s
sho
w
n
in Table 1.
Table 1. ZigB
ee Modul
e Param
e
ters
Small pow
e
r
mo
dule
ZICM2410P
0
High-po
w
e
r mod
u
le
ZICM2410P
2
Real-Time Meas
uring of
transmis
s
ion distance
(5dbi antenna
/m)
500 1500
Antenna po
wer o
u
tput/dBm
6
20
Receiver sensitivity
/
dBm
-97
-103.5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Positionin
g
System
of Und
e
rg
rou
nd Coa
l
Mines Ba
se
d on ZigBee
Tech
nolo
g
y
(Zhang
De
)
3965
The
de
sign
o
f
the e
n
tire
p
r
otocol m
a
ke
s Zi
gBee t
e
chnolo
g
y ha
s
the cha
r
a
c
ters of
low
data tran
sfe
r
rates, lo
w p
o
w
er
co
nsump
t
ion,
low cost
, huge net
wo
rk
cap
a
city, low p
r
op
agati
on
delay, safe,
small
effectiv
e rang
e, flexible
wo
rkin
g
band
an
d et
c. It is very
suitabl
e in
th
e
applia
nce
s
of
indust
r
ial m
onitorin
g
an
d
control sy
stem, the wirel
e
ss dete
c
tion
, remote cont
rol
system
s, se
curity
and defe
n
se
system
s.
3. Underg
ro
und Man-m
a
chine Positi
oning Sy
ste
m
Based on
ZigBee T
ech
nolog
y
Und
e
rg
ro
und
man-m
a
chi
ne po
sitioni
ng sy
ste
m
based on Z
i
gBee techn
o
logy is
comp
osed
by the info
rmati
on p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
serve
r
s,
co
mmuni
cation
links,
wi
rele
ss
b
a
se statio
ns,
identity card,
power Ada
p
ter.
3.1. The Main Performan
ce of Compo
sed Parts
a) The info
rm
ation pro
c
e
ssing se
rvers
It is p
r
imarily
respon
sibl
e f
o
r info
rmatio
n
sto
r
age
of i
s
sue
d
by th
e n
e
twork
wi
rele
ss ba
se
station,
an
d to
analysi
s
, pro
c
e
ss and
displ
a
y
the
re
ceived inf
o
rmatio
n, wh
ile allo
w oth
e
r
authori
z
e
d
users to a
c
ce
ss information i
n
the form of netwo
rk.
b) Wi
rele
s
s
b
a
se
station
It can reali
z
e
the data acquisitio
n
of subs
cri
b
e
r
ide
n
tity module card, and se
nd the
informatio
n to
the info
rmati
on p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
serve
r
thro
ugh
both
wire
d an
d wi
rele
ss, an
d al
so
carry
other wi
rel
e
ss ba
se statio
n data relayin
g
function
s.
c) Identifi
c
ation ca
rd
I
t
mainly
sen
d
s a
sign
al t
i
mely
t
o
t
he sy
st
em fo
r registe
r
ing, in
orde
r to obt
ain the
positio
ning of
personn
el function
s.
d) Opti
cal tra
n
sceiver
conv
erter
The
data t
r
ansmi
ssion
cha
nnel
is
betwe
en i
n
formatio
n p
r
oce
s
sing
se
rver
and
unde
rg
roun
d
radio ba
se
station; this module
can
conve
r
t the electri
c
al
sig
nal to an optical
sign
al.
e) Power sup
p
ly adapter
The po
wer supply
a
dapte
r
can
conve
r
t
high
-voltag
e
into lo
w-vo
ltage dire
ct curre
n
t,
whi
c
h is th
e
need of u
nde
rgroun
d safe
system
s.
It also
ca
n aut
omatically
co
nvert for b
a
ttery
cha
r
gin
g
in the ca
se of po
wer failu
re u
n
der no
rmal
circum
stan
ce
s.
3.2. Manage
ment of
Und
e
rgroun
d Ma
n-machin
e Positioning
The ori
entati
on syste
m
of mining p
e
rsonn
el is
a com
p
re
he
nsive sy
ste
m
, which
combi
n
e
s
the
undergroun
d
man-ma
chi
n
e positio
ning,
attendan
ce
of the mining
personn
el wi
th
the emergen
cy rescue an
d daily manag
e
m
ent.
Monitor th
e real-time l
o
cation of the mi
n
i
ng pe
rsonn
el
throu
gh the
perm
eated
re
aders i
n
the mine a
n
d
the man
age
r coul
d ma
ster the traje
c
tory of mine pe
rson
nel a
nd m
obile d
e
vice
s in
the mana
ge
ment. Once an accid
ent o
c
curs, the re
scue worke
r
s could ta
ke a
ppro
p
ri
ate action
s
and
provid
e i
mmediate
hel
p a
c
cordi
ng t
o
the
data
an
d graphi
cs th
at provid
ed
b
y
the sy
stem.
It
coul
d improve the efficien
cy of
the eme
r
gen
cy re
scu
e
work.
With differe
nt logos, a
nalo
g
gra
phi
cs o
r
diffe
rent color, data, dynam
ics th
e syste
m
coul
d
displ
a
y of the status a
nd di
stri
butio
n of the do
wn hol
e
catego
rie
s
of
person
nel an
d scra
pers an
d
transpo
rt vehi
cle
s
in
re
al-ti
m
e, and
it
ca
n dynami
c
display the
simul
a
tion of
activities t
r
aje
c
tory
of
unde
rg
roun
d
man-m
a
chine
,
then re
alize
the intera
ctio
n
of
the sche
duling com
m
and cente
r
wi
th
unde
rg
roun
d
managem
en
t perso
nnel.
It will provide the warnin
g with autom
atic audibl
e and
visual ala
r
m once the person
nel und
ergrou
nd wo
rk overtime, display the dan
ger zone o
r
ke
y
prote
c
tion a
r
ea an
d wh
en
the wo
rki
ng
face h
a
ve
accide
nts a
nd the un
dergro
u
nd pe
rsonn
el
in
ca
se of eme
r
gen
cy.
3.3. Distribu
tion of Und
e
r
g
round Ma
n-machine Po
sitioning
The d
r
a
w
n
m
i
ne d
e
velopm
ent an
d mini
ng a
r
ea
la
yo
ut acco
rdin
g
to the a
c
tual
situation
of the wellbo
r
e, the road
way, and the
mining
ar
e
a
,
and
sho
w
s th
e pe
rson’
s n
u
mbe
r
of va
ri
ous
regio
n
s
of cu
rre
nt pan
el in the figure. Thes
e figu
re
s are dyna
mi
c, as th
e un
derg
r
o
und m
an-
machi
ne i
s
m
obile, the figures will
be updated at
any
time. Click on the graph
with a m
o
use, it
can
display the sel
e
cte
d
area
of ma
n and m
a
chi
ne’s li
st, it also
ca
n display a sel
e
cted
whe
r
ea
bout
s
whe
n
the
ma
n-ma
chi
ne
go
ing d
o
wn;
if e
n
ter a
n
y ma
n
-
ma
chin
e n
a
m
e an
d n
u
m
ber,
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Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3962 – 39
68
3966
grap
hically area of it can
be immedi
ately displa
ye
d
.
It can also
have the di
splay function
of
curre
n
t positi
on of multiple
staff and mo
bile devices.
Figure 1. Person
nel Positi
oning System
Arc
h
itec
ture
Figure 2. Dist
ribution
Diag
ram of the Man-
machi
ne Po
si
tioning
3.5. Information Manage
ment of the
Mining Personnel
The system
i
s
cap
able
to
statistics
th
e entran
c
e time
a
n
d r
i
s
e
time
of the s
t
aff in real-
time. Monitor and cla
s
sify statistics
of the numbe
r of cla
s
ses, trip
s,
late, leave e
a
rly, etc. in each
unit.
The data
c
o
uld be queried with
real-time. The s
i
tuation of
the s
e
parate s
t
aff,
team,
and
mine lea
dership can be
checke
d at an
y time. Da
ta can
be kept
for at lea
s
t two years. T
h
e
system al
so
can p
r
ovide
two
years of data summ
ary statisti
cs.
The person
nel informati
on
manag
eme
n
t can b
e
ca
rri
e
d
out summ
ary statistics,
q
uery, print a
c
cording to the
demand
at any
time.
4. The Ne
t
w
ork of th
e Sy
stem
Currently mos
t
of the s
y
s
t
em's
networki
ng mode is
adopted bus
method, as
t
h
is
mode
will affect the comm
uni
cation spe
ed and distance of multi-base
station, the num
ber of base
station
s
of n
e
t
work-attach
e
d
and
the
co
mmuni
cati
on
distan
ce
are l
i
mited. With t
h
e devel
opm
ent
of Internet te
chn
o
logy, it becom
es
main
strea
m
m
edi
a
of the indu
st
rial data t
r
an
smissi
on
with i
t
s
uniqu
e features of low-co
st, hi
gh effectiveness, high
scalability
an
d high intellig
ence. The m
an
and ma
chi
n
e
positio
ning
system i
n
th
e study i
s
b
a
se
d on th
e
Industri
a
l Eth
e
rnet
with u
s
ing
ZigBee com
m
unication te
chn
o
logie
s
. Its esta
blishm
ent of comm
unication lin
k in the link la
yer
proto
c
ol ha
s
been g
uarant
eed.
The
system
of physi
cal
l
a
yer a
dopt
s
freque
n
cy
of 2.4G
Hz in
comm
uni
c
ati
ons, thi
s
techn
o
logy
can
reali
z
e
m
o
re
far comm
unication
s di
stan
ce, a
n
d
i
t
s anti
-
interfe
r
en
ce
capa
cit
y
is
stron
g
, but si
gnal of pe
net
rating force
a
nd diffra
c
tion
cap
a
city is n
o
t enoug
h. T
h
e well
roa
d
w
ay
is na
rrow, a
n
d
enviro
n
me
nt is very
co
mplex, a
ll re
gional
are
un
able to b
e
visual i
n
line, t
h
e
occurre
d
faul
ts in
comm
u
n
icatio
ns
nod
e may led
to
a re
gion
al int
e
rruption
of communi
catio
n
s;
according
to
this p
r
obl
em,
the
system
take th
e
wire
co
mbine
d
with wirele
ss communi
catio
n
method in order to improve system reli
ability.
5. Z-NET Sy
s
t
em
Mine safety prod
uctio
n
is a dynamic,
compl
e
x, an
d system
atic pro
c
e
ss. In
orde
r to
reali
z
e the
mine safety, digitized m
e
thod s
houl
d put into con
s
id
eratio
n
systemati
c
and
comp
re
hen
si
vely, it also sho
u
ld ma
ke
the
whole system efficie
n
tly and coll
aborative, each
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
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046
Positionin
g
System
of Und
e
rg
rou
nd Coa
l
Mines Ba
se
d on ZigBee
Tech
nolo
g
y
(Zhang
De
)
3967
sub
s
ystem
can run
inde
pend
ent,
an
d
al
so ca
n run
in colla
b
o
ration
to protect sched
u
ling
comm
andi
ng
the unob
stru
cted hi
g
h
spe
ed.
Like the u
nderground
positioni
ng
and
comm
uni
cati
on system,
they can be
a unified
system integration platform, the effective
integratio
n o
f
these inde
pend
ent su
b
s
ystem
s
; ca
n be used
in the actua
l
analysi
s
and
manag
eme
n
t.
The i
ndu
stria
l
network
co
nstru
c
tion
i
s
t
he b
a
se o
f
the
system
s’ e
ngin
eeri
n
g. The
netwo
rk i
n
frastru
c
tu
re i
s
built unde
r the gui
da
n
c
e of the
core id
ea of
the integra
t
e
d
comm
uni
cati
ons platform, its target i
s
to achi
eve
high-spe
ed, o
p
en, an
d
se
cu
re, reliable
m
i
ne
publi
c
network tran
smi
s
sio
n
platform
an
d network
swi
t
ching
system
. integrated
a
pplication of
54
MB
bro
adb
a
nd wirel
e
ss, RS485
an
d ZigBee sen
s
or
wirel
e
ss t
r
ansmi
ssion
cam realize
safe
prod
uctio
n
sched
uling,
personn
el
positi
oni
ng
, the monitoring an
d
control n
e
twork
comm
uni
cati
ons pl
atform can b
e
sh
are
d
by multiple appli
c
ation
s
.
On the base
of the Industrial Etherne
t, t
he multi-play mine Z-NET com
m
u
n
icatio
ns
manag
eme
n
t platform
whi
c
h i
s
integ
r
at
ed the d
a
ta,
voice a
nd im
age, is th
e
first full-intri
n
si
cally
safe, p
r
e
c
ise
positio
ning, b
r
oad
ban
d, co
mplex un
derg
r
oun
d info
rm
ation sy
stem
platform. It can
provide
the
strong IT
a
s
su
ran
c
e fo
r the
six maj
o
r
sy
stem
s impl
e
m
entation
an
d digiti
zed
mi
ne
c
o
ns
tr
uc
tio
n
.
Figure 3. Z-NET System Applicatio
n Di
agra
m
6. Conclusio
n
By applying
the advan
ce
d wirele
ss
communi
catio
n
tech
nolo
g
y in man a
n
d
machi
n
e
positio
ning
system of un
derg
r
o
und
coal mine
s,
t
he reali
z
atio
n of zone
positio
ning
a
nd
manag
eme
n
t
of man
an
d m
a
chi
ne
und
ergrou
nd
ca
n b
e
pe
rformed. The und
erg
r
o
und po
sitioni
ng
base statio
ns can
coll
ect t
he si
gnal
of the ide
n
ti
ty ca
rds held
by e
a
ch
wo
rker
a
nd scrap
ers, and
uploa
d the si
gnal
s to the central se
rve
r
on t
he gro
u
nd. Thro
ugh
the analysi
s
of the colle
cted
data, it can
sho
w
th
e di
stribution
of p
e
rsonn
el
a
n
d
vehicl
es un
derg
r
o
und,
runnin
g
tra
c
k, an
d
other info
rma
t
ion in time, indire
ct, visua
l
indicatio
n
. All this ca
n im
prove the d
a
i
l
y managem
e
n
t
of the mine person
nel, vehicl
es,
an
d sched
uling.
This al
so av
oids the o
ccurren
ce of work
passin
g
p
h
e
nomen
on, a
nd imp
r
ove
s
the
wo
rkin
g efficie
n
cy.
Un
dergroun
d man
-
ma
ch
ine
positio
ning
a
nd info
rmatio
n man
age
me
nt is
not o
n
ly impo
rtant for effective rescue
work
wh
en
accide
nt ha
p
pen
s, but
also it is impo
rt
ant to
imp
r
ov
e the l
e
vel of
mode
rn
man
ageme
n
t of
mine
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
. Furthe
rmo
r
e i
t
can p
r
event
the ultr
a-ca
p
a
city pro
d
u
c
tion and
preve
n
ts pe
rsonn
el
to
enter
ha
za
rd
ous area
s. It can
re
du
ce the
accid
ent ha
za
rd
s deg
ree
by
com
p
rehe
n
s
ive
manag
eme
n
t mea
s
ures
a
nd p
r
event
seriou
s a
c
ci
d
ents. Me
an
while, it also
provide
s
stro
ng
techni
cal
sup
port and IT a
s
sura
nce to digitized min
e
con
s
tru
c
tion.
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68
3968
Referen
ces
[1]
QP W
ang, L
W
ang. Z
i
gbe
e techno
lof
y
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d
its applicati
o
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Modern telec
o
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a
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P Z
hang, G
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ang, H T
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w
p
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w
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r c
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m
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unci
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hno
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E
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e
chno
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HM Z
han, CS Sun, S W
u
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i
gBee techno
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g
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p
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l
i
c
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n
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e
res
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ue s
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mp
uter Engi
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plicati
ons.
2
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i
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on
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e
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g
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ang, F
e
n
g
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hen
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T
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201
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g
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e
i-l
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han
g
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i
g
bee
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e
chnol
og
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te
lli
ge
nt
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eak
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y
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p
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lie
d
Research.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indones
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ourn
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l
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2013; 11(
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hong ba
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n
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n
tegrate
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ont
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n
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i
gBe
e
W
i
rel
e
ss
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o
r
k.
TELKOMNIKA
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esi
an Jou
r
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ne
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ng.
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ang H
u
a
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aol
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i
r
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w
e
r G
ener
a
t
ion M
onitor
i
ng
Sy
s
t
e
m
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T
E
LK
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n Journ
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ne
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ous
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ng S
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em
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E
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