I
ndo
ne
s
i
a
n J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
V
o
l.
11
,
N
o.
1
,
J
ul
y
201
8
, p
p
.
284
~
29
3
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
,
D
O
I
:
10.
11
591/
i
j
eecs
.
v
11
.i
1
.p
p
284
-
2
93
284
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
p
age
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
c
or
e
.
c
om
/
j
our
nal
s
/
i
nde
x
.
php/
i
j
e
e
c
s
A Secu
re Da
t
a
Ag
g
reg
a
t
io
n T
echni
que f
o
r
Wireles
s
Sens
o
r
Net
w
o
rk
s
Us
ing
I
t
era
t
iv
e
F
ilt
eri
ng
Jyot
h
i
R
1
,
N
ag
ar
aj
G
C
h
ol
l
i
2
1
R
es
ear
ch
S
ch
o
l
ar
,
A
s
s
i
s
t
an
t
P
r
o
f
es
s
o
r
,
D
ep
t
of
C
S
E
,
G
A
T
,
B
e
ng
a
l
ur
u,
I
n
di
a
2
A
s
s
oc
i
a
t
e
P
r
of
e
s
s
or
,
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
I
S
E
,
R
.
V
.
C
ol
l
e
g
e
of
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
B
e
ng
a
l
ur
u,
I
n
di
a
A
rt
i
cl
e I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
tic
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
J
ul
2
,
201
7
Re
v
i
s
e
d
J
an
12
,
2
01
8
A
ccep
t
ed
A
pr
18
,
20
1
8
W
i
r
el
es
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ar
e
a
c
c
um
ul
a
t
i
on
of
s
e
ns
or
h
ubs
w
hi
c
h
s
e
nd t
he
de
t
e
c
t
e
d i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on t
o s
i
nk
hub
.
A
s
s
e
ns
or
hubs
a
r
e
c
on
s
t
r
a
i
ne
d t
o
c
o
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
a
l p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
v
ita
lit
y
a
s
s
e
t,
a
v
ita
lit
y
p
r
o
f
ic
ie
n
t u
s
a
g
e
o
f
a
s
s
e
ts
a
r
e
ba
s
i
c
k
e
e
pi
ng
i
n
m
i
nd t
he
e
nd g
oa
l
t
o ut
i
l
i
z
e
or
g
a
ni
z
e
f
or
l
ong
er
l
en
g
t
h
.
H
e
nc
e
da
t
a
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
i
ns
i
de
ne
t
w
or
k
a
nd l
a
r
g
e
a
m
ount
of
da
t
a
s
e
ndi
ng
t
o ba
s
e
s
t
at
i
o
n
n
eed
t
o
b
e r
ed
u
ced
.
T
h
e m
ai
n
g
o
al
o
f
d
at
a a
g
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
i
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
l
i
f
e t
i
m
e b
y
g
at
h
er
i
n
g
an
ag
g
r
eg
at
e d
at
a i
n
an
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
m
an
n
er
.
I
t
er
at
i
v
e
F
ilte
r
in
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
r
e
lia
b
le
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
c
om
pa
r
e
d t
o e
x
i
s
t
i
ng
m
e
t
hod a
nd i
t
pr
ov
i
de
s
t
he
w
a
y
f
or
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
ng
t
he
da
t
a
a
t
s
e
c
ur
e
l
e
v
e
l
a
nd
da
t
a
t
r
us
t
w
or
t
hi
ne
s
s
.
I
n
or
de
r
t
o s
t
r
e
ng
t
he
n s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
s
a
t
c
l
us
t
e
r
he
a
d c
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phi
c
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
uc
h a
s
R
S
A
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
e
d
to
en
cr
y
p
t
t
h
e ag
g
r
eg
at
ed
d
at
a b
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
u
b
l
i
c k
e
y
an
d
d
ecr
y
p
t
d
at
a at
b
as
e
s
t
a
t
i
on
by
us
i
ng
i
t
s
ow
n pr
i
v
a
t
e
k
e
y
.
W
he
r
e
t
hi
s
m
e
t
hod i
s
r
e
s
p
o
ns
i
bl
e
f
or
s
ecu
r
i
n
g
t
h
e i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
t
h
at
i
s
ag
g
r
eg
at
ed
at
cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
an
d
al
s
o
s
ecu
r
es
th
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on pa
s
s
e
d t
hr
oug
h
t
he
ne
t
w
or
k
s
.
T
he
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
h
ow
s
t
ha
t
pr
op
os
e
d m
e
t
hod c
ons
um
e
s
l
e
s
s
c
om
put
a
t
i
on t
i
m
e
,
da
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
ittin
g
,
hi
g
h s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
a
nd
h
as
a g
o
o
d
s
t
o
r
ag
e cap
aci
t
y
t
h
an
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
Ke
y
wo
rd
s
:
C
r
y
pt
og
r
a
ph
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
D
at
a ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
I
te
r
a
tiv
e
f
i
lte
r
in
g
S
ecu
r
i
t
y
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
C
opy
r
i
g
ht
©
201
8
I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f
A
d
v
anc
e
d E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
an
d
Sc
i
e
nc
e
.
A
l
l
ri
g
h
t
s re
se
rv
e
d
.
Co
rre
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
Au
t
h
o
r
:
J
yo
t
h
i
R
,
R
es
ear
ch
S
ch
o
l
ar
,
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
t
P
r
o
f
es
s
o
r
,
D
ep
t
o
f
C
S
E
,
G
A
T
,
B
e
nga
l
ur
u,
I
nd
i
a
E
m
a
il:
j
y
o
th
ir
.
g
a
t @
g
m
a
il
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
1.
1.
B
ac
k
gr
ou
n
d
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
or
n
e
t
w
or
k i
s
a
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
e
d
n
e
t
w
or
k a
n
d
i
t
i
s
c
o
m
pr
i
s
e
d of
a
l
a
r
g
e
num
be
r
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
,
s
e
lf
-
d
i
r
ect
ed
,
t
i
n
y
an
d
l
o
w
p
o
w
er
ed
d
ev
i
ces
cal
l
ed
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
.
S
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e l
i
m
i
t
ed
t
o
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
al
p
o
w
er
an
d
e
ne
r
gy
r
es
o
u
r
ces
.
L
i
f
et
i
m
e o
f
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e s
h
o
r
t
b
ecau
s
e o
f
l
o
w
b
at
t
er
y
po
w
e
r
e
d a
n
d l
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
on
r
a
ng
e
.
E
x
a
m
pl
e
s
of
W
S
N
a
r
e
f
l
ood de
t
e
c
t
i
on
,
e
n
vi
r
onm
e
n
t
a
l
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
an
d
ar
m
y
s
u
r
v
ei
l
l
a
n
ce,
acci
d
e
n
t
r
ep
o
r
t
,
h
eal
t
h
car
e.
W
S
N
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
co
l
l
ect
s
d
at
a an
d
s
en
d
i
t
t
o
s
i
n
k
i
.
e.
B
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
D
u
e t
o
l
i
m
i
t
ed
l
i
f
et
i
m
e o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
W
S
N
f
aces
a n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
al
l
en
g
e
s
.
W
S
N
h
av
e
m
a
n
y
i
s
s
ue
s
t
ha
t
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
,
c
a
lib
r
a
tio
n
,
lo
c
a
li
z
a
tio
n
,
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
iz
a
tio
n
e
tc
.
o
u
t o
f
w
h
i
c
h s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
a
n
d e
n
e
r
gy
c
ons
um
pt
i
on
a
r
e
m
a
j
or
i
s
s
u
e
s
o
f
s
e
ns
o
r
s
.
T
he
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
ga
t
he
r
i
n
g a
nd
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
ng
t
h
e d
at
a i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
d
at
a ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
t
s
m
a
i
n
g
o
al
i
s
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce t
h
e l
i
f
et
i
m
e o
f
n
o
d
es
i
n
a n
et
w
o
r
k
.
D
at
a
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
ng
d
a
t
a
s
e
ns
e
d
b
y
s
e
ns
o
r
no
d
e
s
us
i
n
g
f
u
nc
t
i
o
n s
u
c
h a
s
m
a
x,
m
i
n,
a
nd
av
er
ag
e an
d
t
h
e
n
t
r
an
s
m
i
t
s
t
h
e ag
g
r
eg
at
ed
d
at
a t
o
b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
B
y
t
h
e
s
e al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
le
s
s
p
o
w
e
r
to
tr
a
n
s
m
it d
a
ta
.
D
a
t
a
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n r
e
d
uc
e
s
t
he
e
ne
r
g
y
c
o
ns
u
m
p
t
i
o
n b
y
e
l
i
m
i
na
t
i
ng r
e
d
u
nd
a
nc
y
[1
]
.
S
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e
b
a
tte
r
y
li
m
i
te
d
he
nc
e
t
o
s
av
e
en
er
g
y
an
d
r
es
o
u
r
ces
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
t
en
t
i
al
el
e
m
en
t
.
S
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
eas
u
r
es
o
f
d
at
a
ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
ar
e n
et
w
o
r
k
l
i
f
et
i
m
e,
d
at
a accu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
l
at
en
c
y
[
2,
3]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
Se
c
ur
e
D
at
a A
ggr
e
gat
i
o
n T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
U
s
i
ng I
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
(
J
y
o
th
i R
)
285
1.
2.
P
r
o
bl
e
m
A
s
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e u
s
ed
i
n
r
e
m
o
t
e a
nd
ho
s
t
i
l
e
e
nvi
r
o
n
m
e
nt
i
n o
r
d
e
r
t
o
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
b
eco
m
es
m
aj
o
r
i
s
s
u
e
s
i
n
W
S
N
.
H
en
ce
a
s
u
i
t
ab
l
e
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
m
ech
a
n
i
s
m
n
eed
t
o
b
e d
es
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
t
h
e co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
ed
n
o
d
e f
r
o
m
al
t
er
i
n
g
a
g
g
r
e
g
at
ed
.
I
n W
S
N
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n t
a
ke
s
u
p
m
os
t
of
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
or
s
e
n
e
r
gy
be
c
a
u
s
e
s
e
n
s
or
n
ode
s
a
r
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
o
b
at
t
er
y
p
o
w
er
ed
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
r
es
o
u
r
ces
.
I
n
W
S
N
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
r
e
g
oi
ng
t
o be
de
pl
o
y
e
d i
n
m
os
t
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
to
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
.
S
i
m
p
le
d
a
ta
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n i
s
m
o
r
e
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
bl
e
t
o n
ode
c
om
pr
o
m
i
s
i
ng
at
t
ac
k
s
,
w
h
er
e co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
ed
n
o
d
es
i
n
j
ect
f
al
s
e d
at
a t
o
n
o
d
es
an
d
al
t
er
s
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
d
at
a.
A
n
d
t
h
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
et
h
o
d
d
eg
r
ad
es
t
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
n
o
d
es
a
n
d
l
ack
i
n
accu
r
ac
y
.
1.
3.
P
r
o
po
s
e
d So
l
ut
i
o
n
H
en
ce an
I
te
r
a
ti
v
e
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
r
e
a
ttr
a
c
ti
v
e
o
p
tio
n
in
W
N
S
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
it e
li
m
i
n
a
te
s
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
s
uc
h a
s
d
a
t
a
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n a
nd
d
a
t
a
t
r
us
t
w
o
r
t
hi
ne
s
s
u
s
in
g
s
in
g
le
ite
r
a
ti
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
u
t s
i
m
p
le
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l s
e
c
u
r
it
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
a
r
e
n
o
t s
u
ita
b
le
to
a
c
h
ie
v
e
e
n
d
to
e
nd
c
o
nf
i
d
e
nt
i
a
l
i
t
y
a
nd
p
r
i
va
c
y
[
4,
5]
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
a
ll t
h
is
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
is
s
u
e
s
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
ite
r
a
tiv
e
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
b
y
a
p
p
ly
i
n
g
a
s
u
i
ta
b
le
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
.
I
n t
he
F
i
g
u
r
e 1
d
at
a
ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
h
ap
p
en
s
at
cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
w
h
er
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
i
s
ch
o
s
e
n
o
n
e a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
no
d
e
s
i
n
ne
t
w
o
r
k.
C
l
us
t
e
r
he
a
d
t
r
a
ns
m
i
t
t
he
a
ggr
e
ga
t
e
d
d
a
t
a
t
o
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
hi
c
h
i
n t
ur
n r
e
d
uc
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
es
l
e
s
s
en
er
g
y
[
6,
7]
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
C
l
u
s
t
er
B
as
ed
D
at
a A
g
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
.
T
r
a
di
t
i
on
a
l
l
y
s
e
n
s
or
n
ode
s
s
e
nd
d
at
a t
o
b
as
e
s
t
at
i
o
n
w
h
en
e
v
er
b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
r
eq
u
e
s
t
s
f
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
B
u
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e o
f
m
et
h
o
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
w
i
l
l
b
e h
i
g
h
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
i
n
cr
eas
e n
o
d
e l
i
f
et
i
m
e cl
u
s
t
er
b
as
ed
d
a
t
a
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n i
s
us
e
d
.
2.
TEC
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
U
S
ED
2
.1
.
D
a
t
a A
g
gr
e
gat
i
on
2.
1.
1.
I
m
p
or
t
an
c
e
of
A
ggr
e
ga
t
i
on
A
g
gr
e
ga
t
o
r
f
unc
t
i
o
n f
i
g
ur
e
o
ut
t
he
r
e
a
d
i
ng
s
f
r
o
m
s
e
ns
o
r
no
d
e
s
.
F
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng r
e
q
ui
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
ne
e
d
t
o
b
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
bl
e
f
or
c
o
m
pu
t
i
ng
t
h
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
s
.
(
1)
I
n
di
vi
du
a
l
s
e
ns
or
n
ode
s
da
t
a
h
a
s
t
o be
pr
ot
e
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
p
r
i
va
c
y.
(
2
)
M
i
ni
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
h
as
t
o
b
e t
r
an
s
m
i
t
t
ed
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e n
e
t
w
o
r
k
b
eca
u
s
e d
at
a
ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
n
eed
s
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
al
.
(
3
)
Mai
n
t
ai
n
t
h
e ex
a
ct
accu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e d
at
a ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
r
es
u
l
t
[8
]
.
It
’s
an
ef
f
ect
i
v
e ap
p
r
o
ach
t
o
ag
g
r
eg
at
e t
h
e d
at
a at
cl
u
s
t
er
h
ea
d
f
o
r
o
p
t
i
m
al
m
a
ki
ng
us
e
o
f
t
he
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
l
i
ke
b
a
nd
w
i
d
t
h a
nd
e
ne
r
g
y
i
n W
S
N
.
D
a
t
a
a
g
gr
e
ga
t
i
o
n f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k s
ho
w
n i
n t
he
b
e
l
o
w
F
i
g
ur
e
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
Sc
i
,
Vo
l
.
11
, N
o
.
1
,
J
ul
y
201
8
:
2
84
–
293
286
Fi
g
ur
e
2
.
D
at
a
A
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
F
r
am
ew
o
r
k
2.
1.
2.
C
l
u
s
t
er A
p
p
ro
a
ch
I
n
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e n
o
t
cap
ab
l
e
f
o
r
s
en
d
i
n
g
t
h
e d
at
a d
i
r
ect
l
y
t
o
t
h
e b
as
e
s
t
at
i
o
n
i
n
s
u
c
h
cas
es
,
m
a
k
e u
s
e o
f
a cl
u
s
t
er
ap
p
r
o
ach
i
s
accep
t
ab
l
e.
I
n
t
h
i
s
el
e
g
a
n
t
t
y
p
e o
f
m
et
h
o
d
d
i
v
i
d
es
t
h
e
w
hol
e
n
e
t
w
or
k
i
n
t
o num
be
r
of
g
r
ou
pe
d
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
.
E
a
c
h
c
l
us
t
e
r
gr
o
up
i
s
ha
v
i
n
g t
he
o
w
n C
l
u
s
t
e
r
H
e
a
d
.
A
g
gr
e
ga
t
i
o
n o
f
a
l
l
t
he
d
a
t
a
ha
s
t
o
b
e
t
a
ke
n c
a
r
e
b
y t
he
he
a
d
o
f
t
he
c
l
us
t
e
r
a
nd
i
t
w
i
l
l
t
r
a
ns
m
i
t
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
t
he
ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
t
o
b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
T
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
ca
n
d
i
r
ect
l
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
cat
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e b
as
e s
t
a
t
i
on
t
h
r
ough
ot
h
e
r
cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
.
3.
P
R
O
J
EC
T D
ES
C
R
I
P
T
IO
N
S
ecu
r
e d
at
a ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
i
s
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
s
ec
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e a
g
g
r
eg
at
ed
co
n
t
en
t
at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
l
ev
el
.
B
as
i
cal
l
y
t
h
e d
at
a
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
s
e
n
s
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e t
r
an
s
f
er
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e n
o
d
es
an
d
t
h
e
n
w
e ar
e
a
p
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
ite
r
a
ti
v
e
f
i
lte
r
in
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t t
h
e
m
a
lic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
n
o
d
es
.
A
f
t
er
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
al
i
c
i
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
d
at
a
w
h
i
ch
w
e
h
av
e r
ecei
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
at
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
ar
n
o
d
e w
i
l
l
b
e b
l
o
ck
ed
an
d
t
h
en
p
r
o
ces
s
ed
w
i
t
h
t
h
e s
ecu
r
e d
at
a
.
T
ill n
o
w
it
’
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t p
h
a
s
e
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t,
in
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
w
e
a
r
e
g
o
in
g
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e t
h
e o
n
e
m
o
r
e l
ev
el
o
f
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
t
o
t
h
e a
g
g
r
e
g
at
ed
d
at
a at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
.
I
n
i
t
i
al
l
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
n
o
d
es
h
av
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
r
r
or
,
s
e
n
s
or
s
c
a
n
be
m
ode
l
e
d b
y
u
s
i
ng
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
t
o e
s
ti
m
a
te
t
h
e
b
ia
s
.
B
ia
s
e
s
ti
m
a
tio
n
i
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
t
ep
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
a
l
i
ci
o
u
s
n
o
d
e.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e es
t
i
m
at
ed
b
i
as
v
al
u
e d
e
f
i
n
e an
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
e t
h
e
m
at
r
i
ces
t
o
es
t
i
m
at
e t
h
e v
ar
i
a
n
ce v
al
u
e.
E
s
t
i
m
at
ed
b
i
as
v
al
u
e i
s
s
u
b
t
r
act
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e s
e
n
s
o
r
r
ead
i
n
g
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
M
L
E
m
e
t
ho
d
r
e
p
ut
a
t
i
o
n ve
c
t
o
r
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
.
T
he
s
e
ns
o
r
no
d
e
s
ha
vi
ng t
he
no
n
-
z
e
r
o
M
L
E
v
a
lu
e
w
ill b
e
th
e
m
a
lic
io
u
s
n
ode
i
n
ou
r
a
ppr
oa
c
h
.
4.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ETH
O
D
4.
1.
I
t
era
t
i
v
e
F
ilt
e
r
in
g
I
te
r
a
tiv
e
F
ilte
r
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
is
a
n
a
ttr
a
c
tiv
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
W
S
N
b
ecau
s
e i
t
s
o
l
v
es
b
o
t
h
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
on
o
f
da
t
a
a
n
d da
t
a
t
r
u
s
t
w
or
t
hi
n
e
s
s
u
s
i
ng
a
s
i
ng
l
e
pr
oc
e
du
r
e
.
T
h
i
s
k
i
n
d of
t
r
us
t
w
or
t
h
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
on
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n t
he
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
a
d
i
ngs
f
r
o
m
t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
.
A
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
i
s
us
ua
l
l
y a
w
e
i
ght
e
d
a
ve
r
a
ge
;
s
e
ns
o
r
s
w
hos
e
r
e
a
di
ng
s
m
o
s
t
di
f
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
s
uc
h e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n a
r
e
a
s
s
i
gne
d
t
o
b
e
a
l
e
s
s
t
r
us
t
w
o
r
t
hi
ne
s
s
.
4.
1.
1.
B
i
a
s
S
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
I
n
t
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
B
ia
s
e
s
ti
m
a
t
io
n
w
il
l b
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
te
p
o
f
f
i
n
d
in
g
o
u
t t
h
e
m
a
l
ic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
s
.
I
n
it
ia
ll
y
s
en
s
o
r
s
r
ead
t
h
e
d
at
a ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
i
s
t
a
k
e
n
as
S
i.
G
a
u
s
s
ia
n
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
v
ar
i
ab
l
e v
al
u
e
w
i
l
l
b
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
E
i.
B
y
A
d
d
i
ng
t
he
a
c
t
ua
l
va
l
ue
o
f
t
he
s
e
ns
o
r
S
i
w
it
h
t
h
e
G
a
u
s
s
ia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
v
a
r
ia
b
le
E
i,
w
e
w
ill g
e
t
a
v
a
l
u
e
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
Se
c
ur
e
D
at
a A
ggr
e
gat
i
o
n T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
U
s
i
ng I
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
(
J
y
o
th
i R
)
287
b
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
X
i.
I
f
an
at
t
ack
er
i
n
cl
u
d
e t
h
e i
n
v
al
i
d
d
at
a t
h
at
w
i
l
l
b
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
a v
a
l
u
e
A
i.
C
ons
i
de
r
t
h
e
b
e
lo
w
e
x
p
la
n
a
tio
n
X
i
= S
i
+E
i
(1
)
I
f
an
at
t
ac
k
er
i
n
cl
u
d
e t
h
e i
n
v
al
i
d
d
at
a t
h
at
w
i
l
l
b
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
A
i
F
i
= X
i
+ A
i
(2
)
F
i
i
s
t
h
e b
i
as
v
al
u
e
w
e h
a
v
e ca
l
cu
l
at
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
at
a.
W
e h
av
e i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
ed
t
h
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
e ap
p
r
o
ach
t
o
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e m
al
i
ci
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
.
4.
1.
2.
V
a
ri
a
n
ce
E
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
W
e can
n
o
w
o
b
t
ai
n
an
es
t
i
m
at
i
o
n
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
b
i
as
v
al
u
e
w
h
i
ch
w
e h
a
v
e cal
cu
l
at
ed
.
F
o
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e v
ar
i
a
n
ce v
al
u
e
w
e
h
av
e
a s
i
m
p
l
e ap
p
r
o
ach
,
s
u
b
t
r
act
i
n
g
t
h
e b
i
as
v
al
u
e F
i
w
it
h
G
a
u
s
s
ia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
i
ab
l
e E
i
w
i
l
l
g
et
a
v
ar
i
an
ce v
al
u
e.
FF
i
=
F
i
–
E
i
(3
)
4.
1.
3.
M
LE
E
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
ect
i
o
n
s
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ap
p
r
o
ach
f
o
r
es
t
i
m
at
i
n
g
t
h
e b
i
as
a
n
d
v
ar
i
a
n
ce
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
ba
s
e
d on
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
a
di
ng
s
.
M
a
x
i
m
um
l
i
k
e
l
i
h
ood
es
t
i
m
at
i
o
n
i
s
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
v
ar
i
an
ce
v
al
u
e an
d
t
h
e act
u
al
r
ead
i
n
g
of
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
or
w
hi
c
h
i
s
de
n
ot
e
d a
s
S
i
i
n t
he
p
r
e
vi
o
us
s
e
c
t
i
o
n.
H
er
e F
F
i
is
th
e
va
r
i
a
nc
e
va
l
ue
w
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n t
he
p
r
e
vi
o
us
s
e
c
t
i
o
n a
nd
S
i
i
s
th
e
in
itia
l r
e
a
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e,
as
t
h
i
s
i
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
e ap
p
r
o
ach
w
e
h
av
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
A
f
t
er
s
u
b
t
r
act
i
o
n
w
e
w
i
l
l
g
et
t
h
e M
L
E
v
al
u
e co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
c
e t
o
t
h
e v
ar
i
an
ce.
No
n
-
zer
o
M
L
E
va
l
ue
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
r
e
’
s
a
n i
nj
e
c
t
i
o
n o
f
i
nva
l
i
d
d
a
t
a
i
n t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k;
w
e
m
a
r
k
t
ha
t
n
o
d
e as
a Mal
i
ci
o
u
s
n
o
d
e i
n
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
.
ML
E
v
al
u
e zer
o
i
n
d
i
cat
es
t
h
at
t
h
er
e’
s
n
o
m
al
i
c
i
o
u
s
act
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
A
g
g
r
eg
at
o
r
n
o
d
e t
ak
es
t
h
e d
at
a
f
r
o
m
a
l
l
t
h
es
e
s
ec
u
r
e
n
ode
s
t
h
e
n i
t
s
a
gg
r
e
g
a
t
e
a
n
d
pa
s
s
e
d t
o t
h
e
s
i
nk
n
ode
.
4.
2.
S
y
s
t
e
m
A
rch
i
t
ect
u
re
T
h
e i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
n
ece
s
s
ar
y
r
eas
o
n
f
o
r
d
at
a ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
i
s
t
o
ac
q
u
i
r
e an
d
ag
g
r
eg
a
t
e t
h
e d
at
a i
n
ef
f
ect
i
v
e
m
an
n
er
t
o
u
t
i
l
i
ze t
h
e r
es
o
u
r
ces
.
I
t
er
at
i
n
g
F
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
p
l
a
y
s
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
r
o
l
e i
n
t
h
e
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
a
t
a
i
n W
S
N
.
I
F
,
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
eo
u
s
l
y
a
g
g
r
e
g
at
e d
at
a f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
cl
u
s
t
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
e
v
al
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
es
e
d
at
a i
s
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
ac
t
o
r
as
s
i
g
n
ed
t
o
each
s
en
s
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e ar
ch
i
t
ect
u
r
e d
i
a
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3.
A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
n
ode
de
pl
oy
m
e
n
t
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
r
ead
s
d
at
a ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
.
D
at
a
w
h
i
c
h
co
m
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
n
eed
t
o
b
e
ag
g
r
e
g
at
ed
at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ea
d
.
A
s
w
e i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
ed
t
h
e I
t
er
at
i
v
e f
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
at
t
h
e n
e
x
t
l
ev
el
t
o
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
al
i
ci
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
O
n
ce
w
e
el
i
m
i
n
at
e t
h
e i
n
v
al
i
d
d
at
a t
h
r
o
u
g
h
I
t
er
at
i
v
e
f
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
s
ecu
r
e d
at
a h
a
s
t
o
b
e t
r
an
s
f
er
r
ed
t
o
B
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
I
f
a
n
y
er
r
o
r
o
c
c
u
r
s
w
h
ile
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
,
f
ir
s
t e
s
t
i
m
a
te
t
h
e er
r
o
r
s
an
d
cal
cu
l
a
t
e t
h
e
v
ar
i
an
ce o
f
d
at
a
w
i
t
h
M
L
E
an
d
t
h
e
n
t
r
an
s
m
i
t
t
h
e ag
g
r
e
g
at
ed
d
at
a t
o
B
as
e
s
ta
tio
n
[
9,
10]
.
B
i
as
v
al
u
e = F
i
V
ar
i
an
ce = F
F
i
M
L
E
= F
F
i
-
S
i
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
Sc
i
,
Vo
l
.
11
, N
o
.
1
,
J
ul
y
201
8
:
2
84
–
293
288
F
i
g
ur
e
3
.
S
y
s
te
m
A
r
c
h
ite
c
t
u
r
e
.
5.
IM
P
LEM
EN
TA
TIO
N
W
e h
av
e
m
ak
e
u
s
e o
f
t
h
e N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
u
l
at
o
r
-
2 pl
a
t
f
or
m
f
o
r
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
i
ng
t
h
i
s
P
r
oj
e
c
t
.
N
ode
s
g
e
t
de
pl
oy
e
d i
n
t
h
e
e
nv
i
r
onm
e
n
t
ba
s
e
d on
t
h
e
a
ppr
o
xi
m
a
t
i
o
n
g
i
ve
n
b
y t
he
a
ut
ho
r
s
.
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
a
ke
s
vi
t
a
l
r
o
l
e i
n
t
h
e W
S
N
;
cl
u
s
t
er
i
s
t
h
e co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
t
n
o
d
es
.
W
h
er
e each
cl
u
s
t
er
i
s
h
av
i
n
g
t
h
e c
l
u
s
t
er
h
ead
t
h
at
h
as
t
o
b
e ch
o
s
en
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e r
es
i
d
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e n
o
d
e.
B
as
i
cal
l
y
cl
u
s
t
er
he
a
d
i
s
a
l
w
a
ys
ha
vi
n
g
t
h
e h
i
g
h
es
t
e
n
er
g
y
a
m
o
n
g
al
l
o
t
h
er
cl
u
s
t
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
b
ecau
s
e i
t
h
as
t
o
b
e t
ak
e
n
car
e o
f
ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e d
at
a.
Fi
g
ur
e
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
at
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
s
ec
u
r
e d
at
a ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
.
I
n
i
t
i
al
l
y
n
o
d
es
ar
e
s
cat
t
er
ed
an
d
t
h
e
n
i
t
’
s
d
ep
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
t
h
e e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
es
e s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
cr
eat
e t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
,
each
cl
u
s
t
er
w
i
l
l
h
av
e t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
.
C
r
u
ci
al
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e p
r
o
j
ect
i
s
s
t
ar
t
ed
o
v
er
af
t
er
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
,
cal
cu
l
at
i
o
n
o
f
B
i
as
a
n
d
v
ar
i
an
ce
w
i
t
h
M
L
E
w
i
l
l
b
e
h
ap
p
en
b
as
e
d
o
n t
he
e
q
ua
t
i
o
n
t
ha
t
w
e
ha
ve
d
e
r
i
ve
d
i
n
t
he
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
ec
t
i
o
n
.
D
et
ect
i
o
n
o
f
m
al
i
ci
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
a
n
d
ag
g
r
eg
at
i
n
g
t
h
e d
at
a at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
h
as
t
o
b
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e af
t
er
t
h
e v
a
l
u
e
s
r
ev
el
ed
b
y
t
h
o
s
e eq
u
at
i
o
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
Se
c
ur
e
D
at
a A
ggr
e
gat
i
o
n T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
U
s
i
ng I
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
(
J
y
o
th
i R
)
289
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
6.
R
ES
U
LT
S
AND D
I
S
CU
S
S
I
O
NS
T
h
e n
o
d
es
ar
e g
r
o
u
p
ed
t
o
g
et
h
er
t
o
f
o
r
m
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
.
E
ach
C
l
u
s
t
er
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
l
u
s
t
er
h
ead
.
40 i
s
t
h
e
n
ode
de
n
ot
e
d a
s
a
ba
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
on
.
Fi
g
ur
e
5
r
ep
r
es
en
t
s
t
h
e i
n
i
t
i
al
n
o
d
es
cr
eat
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Fi
g
ur
e
5
.
I
n
itia
l N
o
d
e
C
r
e
a
tio
n
i
n t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k
F
i
g
u
r
e 6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e d
at
a a
g
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
i
n
w
i
r
el
e
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
D
at
a
g
at
h
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
cl
u
s
t
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
ar
e ag
g
r
e
g
at
ed
at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
an
d
t
h
en
t
r
an
s
f
er
r
ed
b
et
w
een
t
h
e o
t
h
e
r
cl
u
s
t
er
s
t
o
t
r
an
s
f
er
d
ir
e
c
tl
y
to
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
s
ta
tio
n
.
D
a
ta
w
h
ic
h
is
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
th
e
b
a
s
e
s
ta
tio
n
is
t
h
e
s
e
c
u
r
e
d
a
ta
,
i
te
r
a
tiv
e
f
il
te
r
in
g
i
s
ex
ecu
t
ed
b
ef
o
r
e ag
g
r
eg
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e d
at
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
Sc
i
,
Vo
l
.
11
, N
o
.
1
,
J
ul
y
201
8
:
2
84
–
293
290
Fi
g
ur
e
6
.
D
at
a
A
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
Fi
g
ur
e
7 s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
a
l
i
c
i
ous
n
ode
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
or
k
.
N
ode
2,
0,
5 a
r
e
m
a
l
i
c
i
ou
s
n
ode
s
de
t
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
r
oug
h
ou
r
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
ope
r
a
t
i
on
.
O
n
c
e
w
e
f
i
n
d
out
t
h
e
m
i
s
be
h
a
vi
or
n
o
de
da
t
a
f
r
o
m
t
h
o
s
e
n
o
d
es
w
i
l
l
n
o
t
b
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
f
o
r
ag
g
r
eg
at
i
o
n
.
C
l
u
s
t
er
h
ead
ag
g
r
e
ga
t
e
s
t
he
d
a
t
a
w
h
i
c
h t
a
ke
n o
nl
y b
y
t
he
s
e
c
ur
e
no
.
Fi
g
ur
e
7
.
M
a
lic
io
u
s
N
o
d
e D
et
ect
i
o
n
Fi
g
ur
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e s
ec
u
r
e t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e a
g
g
r
eg
at
ed
d
at
a t
o
t
h
e b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
4
0
.
A
f
t
er
f
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e i
n
v
al
i
d
d
at
a at
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
ag
g
r
eg
a
t
ed
d
at
a h
as
t
o
b
e t
r
an
s
f
er
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
h
ead
s
t
o
s
en
d
t
h
e d
at
a d
i
r
ect
l
y
t
o
t
h
e b
as
e s
t
at
i
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
Se
c
ur
e
D
at
a A
ggr
e
gat
i
o
n T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
U
s
i
ng I
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
(
J
y
o
th
i R
)
291
Fi
g
ur
e
8
.
S
ecu
r
e
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
ss
i
o
n
to
B
a
s
e
S
ta
tio
n
Fi
g
ur
e
9
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n o
f
d
e
l
a
y
w
i
t
h
t
he
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g s
ys
t
e
m
.
T
hi
s
gr
a
p
h i
s
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
b
y
ex
ecu
t
i
n
g
o
u
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
e t
o
t
h
e ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
el
a
y
g
et
s
r
ed
u
ced
.
D
at
a i
s
co
m
p
l
et
el
y
s
ecu
r
ed
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
i
t
t
ed
ev
e
n
i
f
d
el
a
y
g
et
s
r
ed
u
ced
.
Fi
g
ur
e
9
.
D
e
l
a
y C
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
F
i
g
ur
e
1
0
s
ho
w
s
t
he
r
o
b
us
t
a
ggr
e
ga
t
e
a
f
f
i
ne
a
nd
F
i
gur
e
1
1
s
ho
w
s
t
he
R
M
S
e
r
r
o
r
.
T
he
s
e
gr
a
p
hs
a
r
e
o
b
ta
in
e
d
b
y
e
x
e
c
u
tin
g
th
i
s
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
t.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
u
lt
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ite
r
a
tiv
e
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
he
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y o
f
t
he
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
b
y
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g t
h
e
e
r
r
or
da
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
on t
o t
h
e
ba
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d t
h
r
o
u
gh
num
be
r
o
f
ite
r
a
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
Sc
i
,
Vo
l
.
11
, N
o
.
1
,
J
ul
y
201
8
:
2
84
–
293
292
Fi
g
ur
e
10
.
Ro
b
u
st
-
A
g
gr
e
ga
t
e
-
A
f
fi
n
e
Fi
g
ur
e
11
.
RM
S
-
E
rro
r
7.
CO
NCL
U
S
I
O
N
C
o
mp
r
o
mi
s
e
d
n
o
d
e
g
iv
e
s
th
e
in
v
a
lid
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
te
d
d
a
ta
to
th
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
to
r
n
o
d
e
s
o
th
a
t e
n
tir
e
d
a
ta
w
ill
b
e
f
a
ls
e
.
T
h
is
w
il
l b
e
a
v
o
id
e
d
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
I
te
r
a
ti
v
e
f
ilte
r
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
a
t th
e
h
e
a
d
le
v
e
l f
o
r
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
p
ur
p
o
s
e
.
T
r
us
t
a
nd
d
a
t
a
a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
i
s
t
he
m
a
i
n
t
hi
n
g t
o
b
e
ha
p
p
e
ni
n
gi
n t
he
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
ns
o
r
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
.
O
ur
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
d
es
i
g
n
ed
t
o
s
o
l
v
e t
h
es
e p
r
o
b
l
em
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e en
ch
an
t
m
e
n
t
w
e
w
i
l
l
d
es
i
g
n
t
h
e n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ce
no
o
f
o
ve
r
he
a
d
s
i
n t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
M
o
h
s
en
R
ezv
an
i
,
A
l
e
k
s
an
d
ar
I
g
n
ja
to
v
ic
,
Elis
a
B
e
r
tin
o
,
a
nd S
a
nj
a
y
J
ha
,
“S
ecu
r
e D
at
a
A
gg
r
e
ga
t
i
on T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
el
es
s
S
en
s
o
r
N
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
P
r
es
en
ce o
f
C
o
l
l
u
s
i
o
n
A
t
t
ack
s
”,
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
o
n D
e
pe
nd
a
-
bl
e
and Se
c
ur
e
C
om
put
i
n
g (
T
D
SC
)
,
20
14
.
[
2]
Y.
S
u
n
,
H.
L
u
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Da
s,
“
A t
r
u
s
t
-
ba
s
e
d f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
f
a
ul
t
-
t
o
le
r
a
n
t
d
a
ta
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
tio
n
in
w
ir
e
le
s
s
m
u
ltim
e
d
ia
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
s
”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
on
on
D
e
pe
nd
ab
l
e
&
Se
c
ur
e
C
om
put
i
ng
,
N
o
v.
20
12
.
[
3]
D
.
W
a
g
n
e
r
,
“
R
e
s
ilie
n
t a
g
g
r
e
g
a
tio
n
in
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
”
,
in
P
r
oc
.
2nd A
C
M
W
or
k
s
hop Se
c
ur
i
t
y
A
d H
oc
Se
ns
.
N
e
t
w
.
,
200
4,
pp
.
7
8
–
87.
[
4]
Y
.
Ya
n
g
, X
. W
a
n
g
, S
. Z
h
u
, a
n
d
G
. C
a
o
,
“
S
D
A
P
:
a
s
e
c
ur
e
hopby
-
hop da
t
a
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
on pr
ot
o
c
ol
f
or
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
s
”
,
i
n
M
obi
H
oc
,
2
00
6,
pp.
3
56
–
36
7.
[
5]
C
h
a
n
H
.,
P
e
r
r
i
g
A
., a
n
d
S
o
n
g D
,
“S
ecu
r
e h
i
er
ar
ch
i
cal
i
n
-
n
e
t
w
o
r
k a
ggr
e
ga
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
s
”
,
i
n
P
r
oc
.
13t
h
A
CM
C
onf
.
C
om
p
ut
.
C
om
m
u
n.
Se
c
ur
i
t
y
,
20
06
,
pp.
2
78
–
2
87.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
A
Se
c
ur
e
D
at
a A
ggr
e
gat
i
o
n T
e
c
hni
que
f
or
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
ns
or
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
U
s
i
ng I
t
e
r
at
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng
(
J
y
o
th
i R
)
293
[
6]
Ch
o
u
C
. T
., I
g
n
a
t
o
v
i
c
A
., a
n
d
H
u
W
,
“E
f
f
i
ci
en
t
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
av
er
ag
e o
f
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
v
e
s
en
s
i
n
g
d
at
a i
n
w
i
r
el
e
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e p
r
es
en
ce o
f
s
en
s
o
r
f
au
l
t
s
”,
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
a
ra
l
l
e
l
Di
st
ri
b
.
S
y
st
.
,
20
13,
v
ol
.
24,
n
o.
8,
pp.
15
25
–
15
34
.
[
7]
H.
-
L
. S
h
i
, K
. M
.
H
ou,
H
.
y
i
ng
Z
ho
u,
a
nd
X
.
L
i
u,
“
En
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t a
n
d
f
a
u
lt to
le
r
a
n
t
m
u
ltic
o
r
e
w
ir
e
le
s
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
:
E
2
MW
SN
,
” i
n
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
ons
,
N
e
t
w
or
k
i
n
g
and M
ob
i
l
e
C
om
pu
t
i
n
g (
W
i
C
O
M
)
,
2011 7
t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
on
,
2
011
,
pp
.
1
-
4.
[
8]
B
.
A
w
e
r
buc
h,
R
.
C
ur
t
m
ol
a
,
D
.
H
ol
m
e
r
,
C
.
N
ita
-
r
ot
a
r
u,
a
n
d H
.
R
ube
ns
,
“
M
itig
a
tin
g
b
y
z
a
n
tin
e
a
tta
c
k
s
in
a
d
h
o
c
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
ne
t
w
or
ks
,
”
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
C
o
m
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
J
o
hns
H
o
pk
i
ns
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
e
c
h,
T
e
c
h.
R
e
p.
,
200
4.
[
9]
X.
-
Y
. X
i
a
o
,
W
.
-
C.
P
e
n
g,
C
.
-
C
.
H
ung
,
a
nd
W
.
-
C
.
L
ee,
“
U
s
i
ng
S
e
ns
or
R
a
nk
s
f
or
i
n
-
ne
t
w
or
k
de
t
e
c
t
i
on of
f
a
ul
t
y
r
e
a
di
ng
s
i
n w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
s
,
”
i
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
6
t
h A
C
M
i
nt
e
r
nat
i
o
na
l
w
or
k
s
ho
p on D
at
a e
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
f
o
r w
i
re
l
e
ss a
n
d
mo
b
i
l
e
a
c
c
e
ss,
se
r.
M
o
b
i
DE
’0
7
,
20
07
.
[
1
0]
S
. R
o
y
, M
. C
o
n
t
i
, S
. S
e
t
i
a
,
an
d
S
.
J
aj
o
d
i
a,
“S
ecu
r
e d
at
a ag
g
r
e
g
at
i
o
n
i
n
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
t
w
or
k
s
”
,
I
nf
or
m
at
i
o
n
F
or
e
ns
i
c
s
an
d
Se
c
ur
i
t
y
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
ac
t
i
o
ns
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
7,
no.
3,
p
p.
10
40
–
1
05
2.
[
1
1]
A
z
e
e
m
M
oha
m
m
e
d A
bdul
,
S
y
e
d
U
m
ar
,
“A
t
t
ac
k
s
o
f
D
en
i
al
-
of
-
S
er
v
i
ce o
n
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
L
a
ye
r
o
f
O
S
I
M
od
e
l
an
d
M
ai
n
t
ai
n
i
n
g
o
f
S
ecu
r
i
t
y
”,
I
ndon
e
s
i
an J
our
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng a
nd C
om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
V
o
l
. 5
, N
o
.
1
,
J
a
nua
r
y
2017,
pp
.
1
81
-
18
6
.
[
1
2]
R
a
hul
D
e
s
a
i
,
B
P
P
a
t
i
l
2 D
ua
l
,
“
R
e
i
nf
or
c
e
m
e
nt
Q
R
out
i
ng
f
or
A
d
H
oc
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
”
,
I
ndone
s
i
an
J
o
u
r
n
a
l o
f E
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
an
d C
om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
,
V
o
l
. 7
, N
o
.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
20
17
,
pp
.
7
86
–
79
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.