I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
May
201
8
,
p
p
.
7
2
5
~7
3
2
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
1
0
.
i2
.
p
p
725
-
7
3
2
725
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
Sig
na
l
Strength
B
a
sed
Self
Recon
fi
g
ura
tion to
Ens
ur
e
Relia
bility in
Wir
eless
Senso
r N
etw
o
rk
s
M.
A.
M
a
niv
a
s
a
g
a
m
1
,
T
.
V
A
na
ntha
n
2
1
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
c
h
o
lar,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
S
t.
P
e
ter’s
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
I
n
d
ia
2
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r,
Dr.
M
.
G
.
R.
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
In
stit
u
te (Un
iv
e
rsity
),
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
N
ov
20
,
201
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
F
eb
12
,
2
0
1
8
P
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
in
W
irele
s
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
is
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
to
b
e
a
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
in
g
tas
k
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
li
m
i
ted
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
in
term
s
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
se
s
y
ste
m
s
ru
n
in
se
n
s
o
rs
w
it
h
lo
w
lev
e
l
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
a
b
stra
c
ti
o
n
s,
li
m
it
e
d
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
w
e
p
ro
p
o
se
a
stra
teg
y
to
a
d
ju
st r
a
d
i
o
s in
t
h
e
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
sig
n
a
l
stre
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
rin
g
n
o
d
e
s
t
o
e
n
s
u
re
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
u
sin
g
se
l
f
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
(S
2
R
2
).
Re
d
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
-
b
a
se
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
is
a
c
h
iev
e
d
b
y
p
e
rf
o
r
m
in
g
e
n
c
o
d
in
g
/d
e
c
o
d
in
g
e
it
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
so
u
rc
e
a
n
d
th
e
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
n
o
d
e
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
a
ir
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
n
g
se
n
so
r
n
o
d
e
s
f
ro
m
th
e
so
u
rc
e
to
th
e
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
.
A
lo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
th
e
li
n
k
a
n
d
th
e
sta
b
il
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
a
re
c
h
e
c
k
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
tab
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
ro
u
t
e
m
a
k
e
s
th
e
ro
u
te
a
v
a
li
d
o
n
e
to
se
n
d
d
a
ta.
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
sh
o
ws
th
a
t
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
p
e
rf
o
r
m
s
b
e
tt
e
r
in
term
s o
f
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
th
e
e
x
isti
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
R
eliab
ilit
y
Self
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
Sta
b
ilit
y
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
A
.
Ma
n
iv
a
s
ag
a
m
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
an
d
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
St.
P
eter
’
s
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
C
h
e
n
n
ai,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
m
a
n
iv
aa
s
ag
a
m
.
p
h
d
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
d
o
o
r
clim
ate
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
u
s
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ar
e
ex
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
W
ir
eless
Sen
s
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
(
W
SN)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ein
g
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
Of
ten
,
ea
c
h
n
e
w
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
s
tal
lati
o
n
o
f
a
d
ed
icate
d
W
SN.
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
/
s
o
m
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
e
in
s
tr
u
c
te
d
to
ch
an
g
e
t
h
i
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
d
ata
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
in
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ea
s
ily
co
n
s
tit
u
ted
in
a
W
SN
d
u
e
to
th
eir
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
i
ca
l
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
n
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
iv
ab
ili
t
y
o
f
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
o
r
les
s
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
W
SN.
T
h
e
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
ca
n
n
e
g
ati
v
el
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
.
R
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
-
b
ased
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
en
co
d
in
g
/d
ec
o
d
in
g
eit
h
er
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
o
r
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icat
in
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
t
h
e
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
li
n
k
an
d
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
ar
e
ch
ec
k
ed
f
o
r
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
a
v
alid
o
n
e
to
s
en
d
d
ata
i
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
W
ir
eles
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
s
(
R
W
SN)
i
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
n
o
d
es
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
ea
ch
o
n
e
ex
ec
u
tes
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
tas
k
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
ca
l
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
r
ee
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
ad
ap
te
d
in
R
W
SN:
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
allo
w
i
n
g
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
/
r
em
o
v
a
l/
u
p
d
ate
o
f
tas
k
s
,
h
ar
d
w
a
r
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
allo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
atio
n
/d
ea
ctiv
a
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es,
p
r
o
to
co
l
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
allo
w
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
es.
A
zo
n
e
-
b
ased
m
u
l
ti
-
ag
e
n
t
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
f
o
r
R
W
SN
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
w
h
er
e
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
w
ell
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
7
2
5
–
7
3
2
726
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
a
g
e
n
t
o
f
th
i
s
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
i
s
m
o
d
ele
d
b
y
n
ested
s
ta
te
m
ac
h
i
n
es
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
R
W
SN
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
m
u
lti
-
a
g
en
t
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e.
T
i
m
ed
au
to
m
ata
m
o
d
els
ar
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
a
n
d
v
er
if
icat
io
n
o
f
t
h
is
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
[
2
]
.
E
ac
h
ag
en
t
is
m
o
d
eled
b
y
T
i
m
ed
Au
to
m
at
io
n
(
T
A
)
to
v
er
if
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
n
d
te
m
p
o
r
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
w
h
e
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
w
it
h
r
e
m
o
te
ag
en
t
s
.
R
W
SN
is
a
s
et
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
ed
n
o
d
es
th
a
t
e
x
ec
u
t
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
tas
k
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
lo
ca
l
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
R
W
iN
o
f
a
n
R
W
SN
w
a
s
d
es
ig
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
Un
i
f
ied
Mo
d
elin
g
L
an
g
u
ag
e
(
UM
L
)
to
an
al
y
ze
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
d
ev
elo
p
,
an
d
v
er
i
f
y
ea
s
il
y
R
W
SN
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
es
[
3
]
.
Fo
r
th
at,
a
m
eta
m
o
d
el
o
f
R
W
SN
w
a
s
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
UM
L
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
zo
n
e
-
b
ased
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
t
h
at
u
s
es
a
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
o
f
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
d
esi
g
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
ea
c
h
a
g
en
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
w
a
s
m
o
d
eled
b
y
n
e
s
ted
s
tate
m
ac
h
i
n
es.
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
t
e
m
p
o
r
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
b
y
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tin
g
ag
e
n
t
s
,
ea
ch
o
n
e
is
m
o
d
eled
b
y
a
ti
m
ed
au
to
m
ato
n
.
I
n
ST
E
M
-
Net,
s
el
f
-
o
r
g
an
izat
i
o
n
is
m
a
n
a
g
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
u
ll
y
-
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
w
ir
ele
s
s
d
ev
ic
es
(
ca
lled
s
te
m
-
n
o
d
es),
th
at
ca
n
u
n
d
er
g
o
m
u
tatio
n
s
to
f
u
l
f
ill
a
s
p
ec
if
i
c
task
s
,
li
k
e
th
eir
b
io
lo
g
ical
c
o
u
n
ter
p
ar
t
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
te
m
-
n
o
d
es a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
w
h
ich
ca
n
r
es
u
lt
in
a
n
e
x
tr
e
m
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
e
g
m
en
t,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
h
eter
o
g
en
eit
y
f
r
o
m
a
li
m
ita
tio
n
to
a
r
ich
n
ess
.
Th
e
p
ip
elin
e
o
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
s
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
g
iv
es
a
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
f
o
r
a
n
y
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
ta
s
k
s
w
h
e
n
s
ev
er
al
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
ir
f
r
eq
u
en
t
in
co
m
e,
th
e
p
ip
eli
n
e
f
o
llo
w
s
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
et
o
f
s
tep
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
i
g
u
r
e
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
th
a
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
w
it
h
o
u
t
alter
in
g
it
s
o
w
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
m
o
d
u
le
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
u
le
c
h
ec
k
s
th
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
tas
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
b
y
r
ej
ec
tin
g
an
y
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tab
le
f
lo
w
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
d
estab
ilize
a
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
m
o
d
u
le
ch
ec
k
s
t
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
r
e
q
u
est,
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
v
er
i
f
ies
t
h
e
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
a
n
e
w
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
A
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
d
esi
g
n
a
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
s
m
ar
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
W
SN
in
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
co
m
p
l
ex
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
lo
g
ic
d
ev
ic
e
(
C
P
L
D)
is
ad
o
p
ted
as
th
e
co
r
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
r
ea
d
d
ata
in
p
ar
allel
an
d
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
I
E
E
E
1
4
5
1
.
2
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
i
s
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
th
is
d
esig
n
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
l
y
s
tip
u
late
s
th
e
s
m
ar
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
esig
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
r
elev
an
t
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
in
tel
l
ig
en
t
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
f
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
A
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
it
io
n
.
An
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
a
g
e
n
t
i
s
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
t
o
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
r
u
n
ti
m
e
[
7
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
tas
k
s
to
b
e
f
ea
s
ib
le,
t
h
e
a
g
e
n
t
m
o
d
i
f
ie
s
th
e
ir
te
m
p
o
r
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
;
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
ea
s
ib
l
y
s
er
v
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
tas
k
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
's
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
t
h
e
ag
e
n
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
r
ee
v
ir
tu
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
b
y
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
th
e
p
er
io
d
ic
task
s
.
I
n
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
ice,
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
b
u
ilt
as
s
ep
ar
ate
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
i
n
te
g
r
at
io
n
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
d
es
ig
n
i
n
g
a
b
o
ar
d
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
m
u
ltip
le
in
te
g
r
ated
cir
cu
i
ts
(
I
C
s
)
.
I
n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
t
h
e
FP
G
A
co
r
e
allo
w
s
u
s
to
p
u
t
a
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
en
s
o
r
i
n
ter
f
ac
e,
e
m
b
e
d
d
ed
Dig
ital
Si
g
n
al
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
DSP
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
So
f
t
w
ar
e
-
Def
i
n
ed
R
ad
io
(
SDR
)
,
an
d
a
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
ch
ip
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
d
ev
ice
[
8
]
.
T
W
I
ST
is
b
ased
o
n
an
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
y
p
ical
an
d
d
esira
b
le
u
s
e
-
ca
s
es.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
asic
s
er
v
ices
li
k
e
n
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
w
id
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
,
o
u
t
-
of
-
b
an
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
d
eb
u
g
d
at
a
an
d
g
at
h
er
in
g
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ata,
a
n
d
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
s
e
v
er
al
n
o
v
e
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
[
9
]
.
Firstl
y
,
T
W
I
ST
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
w
i
th
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
n
o
d
e
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
en
ab
le
s
ea
s
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
USB
-
p
o
w
er
ed
an
d
b
atter
y
-
p
o
w
er
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
elec
t
i
o
n
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
as
w
ell
as
co
n
tr
o
lled
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
e
f
a
ilu
r
e
s
i
n
to
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
ir
d
ly
,
T
W
I
S
T
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
b
o
th
at
an
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
eo
r
y
(
SC
T
)
o
f
ti
m
ed
d
i
s
cr
ete
-
e
v
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
T
DE
S),
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
o
f
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
n
u
n
i
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
1
0
]
.
A
n
e
w
f
o
r
m
ali
s
m
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
as
s
ig
n
p
er
io
d
ic
tas
k
s
w
ith
m
u
ltip
le
-
pe
r
io
d
s
.
B
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
S
C
T
,
a
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
R
T
S)
is
d
y
n
a
m
ic
all
y
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
w
h
en
its
i
n
itial
s
a
f
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
et
i
s
e
m
p
t
y
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
p
er
io
d
s
,
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
es d
if
f
er
e
n
t sa
f
e
e
x
ec
u
ti
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
AR
S)
e
n
ab
l
es
a
m
u
l
ti
-
r
ad
io
W
MN
to
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
li
n
k
f
ail
u
r
es
to
p
r
eser
v
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
el
an
d
r
ad
io
d
iv
er
s
itie
s
i
n
W
MN
s
,
A
R
S
g
en
er
ate
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
c
h
an
g
e
s
i
n
lo
ca
l
r
ad
i
o
a
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
as
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
ts
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
f
ail
u
r
es
[
1
1
]
.
A
n
Op
ti
m
ized
R
o
u
ti
n
g
Sc
h
e
m
e
w
i
th
Sel
f
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
(
OR
SS
R
)
e
n
ab
les
a
m
u
lti
-
r
ad
io
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
ig
n
a
l str
en
g
th
b
a
s
ed
S
elf
R
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
R
elia
b
i
lity in
Wir
ele
s
s
…
(
M.
A
.
Ma
n
iva
s
a
g
a
m
)
727
W
MN
to
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
li
n
k
f
a
ilu
r
e
s
to
p
r
eser
v
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
A
d
h
o
c
On
-
D
e
m
an
d
Di
s
ta
n
ce
Vec
to
r
(
A
OD
V)
is
e
n
h
an
ce
d
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
e
w
h
y
b
r
id
r
o
u
tin
g
m
etr
ic
a
n
d
is
t
h
e
n
co
u
p
led
w
it
h
a
n
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
Net
w
o
r
k
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
AR
S).
M
u
lti
-
h
o
p
w
ir
eless
m
es
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
MN
s
)
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
lin
k
f
ail
u
r
es
d
u
e
to
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
b
s
tacle
s
,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
d
em
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ail
u
r
es
ca
u
s
e
s
e
v
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
W
MN
s
[
1
3
]
.
Q
u
ick
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
Q
AR
S)
en
ab
les
a
m
u
lt
i
-
r
ad
io
W
MN
to
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
lin
k
f
ai
lu
r
es.
P
ar
ticle
S
w
ar
m
Op
t
i
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
p
r
o
v
ed
it
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
in
e
n
h
an
c
in
g
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
etc.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
P
SO
also
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
h
i
g
h
er
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
iter
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
it
y
w
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
s
o
l
v
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
e.
g
.
,
allo
ca
tin
g
tr
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
in
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
4
]
.
C
lu
s
ter
b
as
ed
E
n
er
g
y
E
f
f
icien
t
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
C
B
E
E
R
P
)
g
ath
er
s
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
h
u
b
s
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
to
c
lu
s
ter
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
m
an
n
er
i
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
l
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
t
h
e
f
lo
o
d
in
g
tr
af
f
ic
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
is
c
o
v
er
t
h
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
.
C
B
E
E
R
P
w
il
l
b
alan
ce
th
e
E
n
er
g
y
i
n
th
e
Gr
o
u
p
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
n
o
d
es
[
1
5
]
.
A
ll
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
h
a
v
e
th
e
o
p
tio
n
o
f
elec
ti
n
g
n
ex
t
Data
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
N
o
d
e.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
d
ata
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
o
d
e
is
ch
o
s
en
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
i
n
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
li
n
k
,
r
e
m
a
in
in
g
en
er
g
y
,
an
d
th
e
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
d
is
tan
ce
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
B
ase
S
tat
io
n
[
1
6
]
.
2.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
s
elf
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
as t
h
e
k
e
y
p
o
in
t
s
.
2
.
1
.
Self
re
co
nfig
ura
ble WSN
T
h
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
f
o
r
m
s
:
H
a
rdw
a
re
re
c
o
nfig
ura
t
io
n
:
A
cti
v
atio
n
an
d
d
ea
ctiv
a
tio
n
o
f
d
etec
to
r
s
an
d
n
o
d
es
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
o
d
ea
ctiv
ate
a
n
o
d
e,
all
t
h
e
d
etec
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ea
ctiv
ated
.
Fo
r
ac
tiv
ati
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
n
o
d
e
,
th
e
d
etec
to
r
n
o
d
e
is
ac
tiv
ated
.
So
f
t
wa
re
re
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n:
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
ca
n
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
u
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
c
h
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
b
y
in
s
er
tio
n
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
QS
ta
s
k
s
to
b
e
ex
e
cu
ted
in
n
o
d
es,
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
d
ata
u
s
ed
b
y
tas
k
s
a
n
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
t
h
eir
s
ch
ed
u
l
in
g
.
Pr
o
t
o
co
l
re
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n:
Mo
d
if
icatio
n
i
n
d
ata
r
o
u
tin
g
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
w
h
en
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
a
r
e
ex
ec
u
ted
a
t
r
u
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
allo
w
s
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
y
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
v
a
l,
u
p
d
ate
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
c
h
an
g
ed
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
o
d
es a
n
d
th
eir
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ath
s
.
T
h
e
r
ad
i
o
co
g
n
itio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
ath
er
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
at
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
ad
io
n
et
w
o
r
k
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
a
w
ar
e
o
f
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
r
ad
io
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
cl
u
d
es
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
to
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
n
o
i
s
e
r
atio
.
A
d
j
u
s
ti
n
g
r
ad
io
s
is
n
o
t
h
i
n
g
b
u
t
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
w
ap
p
in
g
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Qo
S
d
e
m
a
n
d
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
i
s
o
n
e
m
et
h
o
d
to
esti
m
ate
b
o
th
th
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
.
I
f
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
M
AC
allo
w
s
s
w
itc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
a
d
io
s
,
th
e
n
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
,
a
r
ad
io
s
w
i
tch
is
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
el
f
-
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
a
W
SN.
2
.
2
.
P
a
t
h sta
bil
it
y
P
ath
Stab
ilit
y
(
P
S)
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
1
.
1
.
(
)
hc
i
P
S
M
a
x
L
S
i
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
h
c
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
co
u
n
t
in
th
e
s
elec
ted
r
o
u
te.
T
h
e
p
ath
th
at
h
as
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
S
w
ill
b
e
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
tab
le
r
o
u
te
to
ca
r
r
y
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
L
S
d
en
o
te
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
iti
all
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
en
d
s
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
est
to
all
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
w
h
i
ch
r
ec
eiv
e
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
e
s
t
w
il
l
r
ep
l
y
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
t
h
u
s
r
o
u
te
s
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
e
Sig
n
al
to
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
No
is
e
R
atio
(
SIN
R
)
f
o
r
all
th
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
is
ca
lcu
lated
i
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
h
ig
h
SIN
R
v
a
lu
e
is
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
n
e
x
t
n
o
d
e.
Fi
n
all
y
a
v
a
lid
r
o
u
te
is
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
s
e
n
d
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
elec
te
d
p
ath
.
I
F
a
n
y
l
in
k
f
ail
u
r
e
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
ath
,
t
h
e
n
th
er
e
is
c
h
a
n
ce
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ata
to
b
e
lo
s
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
s
el
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
co
m
e
s
in
to
ex
is
te
n
ce
i
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
f
a
ilu
r
e
n
o
d
e
is
d
ete
cted
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
SI
NR
a
n
d
th
e
d
i
s
tan
c
e
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
o
d
es
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
A
l
ter
n
ate
n
o
d
e
is
ch
ec
k
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
7
2
5
–
7
3
2
728
alter
n
ate
n
o
d
e
is
s
elec
ted
i
n
t
er
m
s
o
f
p
at
h
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
el
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
p
at
h
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
in
th
eir
a
v
er
ag
e
a
n
d
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
as
Q
u
al
it
y
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
Qu
al
it
y
li
n
k
is
c
alcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
2
.
0
2
n
P
a
t
h
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
QL
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
n
=
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
is
ca
lc
u
lated
w
i
th
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
er
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
i
s
s
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
Q
L
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
r
o
u
te
is
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
in
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
li
n
k
to
t
h
e
n
ex
t
n
o
d
e.
I
f
th
er
e
is
n
o
lin
k
f
ailu
r
e,
th
e
d
ata
is
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
.
Sig
na
l st
re
ng
t
h ba
s
ed
Self
R
ec
o
nfig
ura
t
io
n t
o
ens
ure
Relia
bil
it
y
S
2
R
2
-
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
Pr
o
c
e
ss
B
e
g
i
n
S
o
u
r
c
e
(
S
)
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
s
t
s →
R
R
E
Q
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
R
R
E
P
←
D
e
st
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
(
D
)
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
r
o
u
t
e
d
i
sco
v
e
r
e
d
f
r
o
m S →
D
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
S
I
N
R
D
a
t
a
T
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
d
o
{
S
e
l
e
c
t
I
n
t
e
r
me
d
i
a
t
e
H
o
p
(
I
H
)
←
max
S
I
N
R
n
o
d
e
T
r
a
n
smi
t
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
v
i
a
IH
n
o
d
e
s
If
L
i
n
k
F
a
i
l
u
r
e
o
c
c
u
r
G
o
t
o
S
e
l
f
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
t
e
c
t
L
i
n
k
F
a
i
l
u
r
e
N
o
d
e
(
L
F
N
)
R
o
u
t
e
d
i
sco
v
e
r
y
p
r
o
c
e
ss i
n
L
F
N
N
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
d
o
C
o
mp
u
t
e
L
F
N
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
P
a
t
h
S
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
o
mp
u
t
e
L
F
N
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
L
i
n
k
(
Q
L
)
v
a
l
u
e
C
h
e
c
k
QL
T
h
r
e
s
h
S
e
l
e
c
t
Q
L
n
o
d
e
>
Q
L
T
hr
e
s
h
R
o
u
t
e
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
N
o
w
se
n
d
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m c
u
r
r
e
n
t
Q
L
n
o
d
e
t
o
D
e
st
e
l
se
S
e
n
d
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m S t
o
D
E
n
d
2
.
3
.
Relia
bil
it
y
P
ac
k
et
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
eli
v
e
r
y
o
f
ev
er
y
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
th
a
t
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
ev
en
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
y
th
e
r
ele
v
an
t se
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es to
t
h
e
s
i
n
k
.
I
n
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
-
b
ased
r
eliab
ilit
y
s
ch
e
m
e
s
,
th
is
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
en
co
d
in
g
/d
ec
o
d
in
g
eith
er
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
)
o
r
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es (
i.e
.
ea
ch
h
o
p
)
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
h
o
p
-
by
-
h
o
p
)
.
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE
E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
2
R
2
is
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Net
w
o
r
k
Si
m
u
lato
r
(
NS2
)
.
T
h
is
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
an
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
w
r
itte
n
in
C
++
a
n
d
Ob
j
ec
t
o
r
ien
ted
T
o
o
l
C
o
m
m
an
d
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
OT
C
L
)
.
NS2
i
s
a
d
is
cr
ete
ev
en
t
ti
m
e
d
r
iv
en
s
i
m
u
lato
r
t
h
a
t
is
u
s
ed
to
m
a
in
l
y
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
i
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
th
e
S2
R
2
s
ch
e
m
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
V
a
lu
e
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
T
y
p
e
W
irele
ss
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
S
im
u
latio
n
T
im
e
5
0
s
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
50
M
A
C
t
y
p
e
8
0
2
.
1
1
T
ra
ff
ic
m
o
d
e
l
CBR
A
n
ten
n
a
M
o
d
e
l
O
m
n
i
A
n
ten
n
a
S
im
u
latio
n
A
re
a
1
0
0
0
×
1
0
0
0
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
ra
n
g
e
250m
Ne
tw
o
rk
In
ter
f
a
c
e
Ty
p
e
W
irele
ss
P
HY
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
ig
n
a
l str
en
g
th
b
a
s
ed
S
elf
R
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
R
elia
b
i
lity in
Wir
ele
s
s
…
(
M.
A
.
Ma
n
iva
s
a
g
a
m
)
729
I
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e,
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
h
a
s
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
l
in
k
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
r
an
g
e
2
5
0
m
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
w
it
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
User
Dat
ag
r
a
m
P
r
o
to
co
l
(
UDP
)
.
A
ll
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
r
ec
eiv
e
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
all
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
o
m
n
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
S2
R
2
s
ch
e
m
e
is
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
ac
k
et
Deli
v
er
y
R
a
te
(
P
DR
)
,
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
ate
(
P
L
R
)
,
av
er
a
g
e
d
ela
y
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
n
d
r
esid
u
a
l e
n
er
g
y
.
3
.
1
.
P
a
ck
et
Deliv
er
y
Ra
t
e
T
h
e
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
R
a
te
(
PDR
)
is
th
e
r
ate
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
d
eliv
er
ed
to
all
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets s
e
n
t b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
P
DR
is
m
e
asu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
3
.
0
n
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
P
D
R
T
i
m
e
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
R
at
e
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
ef
er
s
th
e
P
DR
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
S
2
R
2
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
P
DR
o
f
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
T
W
I
S
T
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
ck
et
L
o
s
s
Ra
t
e
T
h
e
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
ate
(
P
L
R
)
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
t
p
ac
k
et
s
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
ac
k
ets i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
u
n
i
t ti
m
e
as i
n
eq
u
atio
n
4
.
0
n
S
e
n
t
P
k
t
s
R
c
v
d
P
k
t
s
P
L
R
T
i
m
e
(
4)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
ate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
7
2
5
–
7
3
2
730
Fig
u
r
e
2
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
e
t
o
tal
p
ac
k
ets
lo
s
t
o
f
T
W
I
S
T
ar
e
g
r
ea
ter
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
S
2
R
2
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
T
h
e
S
2
R
2
h
as r
ed
u
ce
d
p
ac
k
ets lo
s
t d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
s
ec
u
r
it
y
r
o
u
ti
n
g
.
3
.
3
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ac
k
et
s
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
d
eliv
er
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ev
er
y
1
0
0
0
p
ac
k
ets s
en
t.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t is o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
5
.
0
()
1000
n
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
n
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
i
z
e
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
S
2
R
2
h
a
s
g
r
ea
ter
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
T
W
I
ST
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ac
ti
v
it
y
h
a
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
r
ea
tl
y
.
3
.
4
.
Av
er
a
g
e
Dela
y
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
d
ela
y
is
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
as
th
e
ti
m
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
ac
k
e
ts
r
e
ce
iv
ed
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ac
k
et
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
I
t is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
6
,
h
er
e
n
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es.
0
(
R
e
)
_
n
P
a
c
k
e
t
c
e
i
v
e
d
T
i
m
e
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
e
n
t
T
i
m
e
A
v
g
D
e
l
a
y
n
(
6)
F
ig
u
re
4
.
A
v
e
ra
g
e
De
la
y
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
d
ela
y
v
al
u
e
i
s
p
lo
tted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
d
ela
y
v
al
u
e
i
s
lo
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
S2
R
2
t
h
a
n
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
T
W
I
ST.
T
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ela
y
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
h
i
g
h
er
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
ig
n
a
l str
en
g
th
b
a
s
ed
S
elf
R
ec
o
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
R
elia
b
i
lity in
Wir
ele
s
s
…
(
M.
A
.
Ma
n
iva
s
a
g
a
m
)
731
3
.
5
.
Resid
ua
l e
nerg
y
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
en
er
g
y
r
e
m
ain
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
at
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t i
n
s
tan
ce
o
f
t
i
m
e
i
s
ca
lled
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
esid
u
al
E
n
er
g
y
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
S2
R
2
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
T
W
I
ST.
3
.
6
.
Net
w
o
rk
r
elia
bil
it
y
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
o
f
f
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
er
v
ices
ev
en
d
u
r
i
n
g
f
ail
u
r
e
is
ca
lled
as
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
S2
R
2
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
T
W
I
ST.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
s
tr
ateg
y
to
ad
j
u
s
t
r
ad
io
s
in
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
wo
r
k
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
s
i
n
g
s
el
f
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
(
S2
R
2
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
lin
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
li
n
k
ar
e
ch
ec
k
ed
alo
n
g
w
ith
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
m
a
k
es
th
e
r
o
u
te
a
v
alid
o
n
e
to
s
en
d
d
ata.
Si
m
u
latio
n
an
al
y
s
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
G
rich
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
r
a
b
le
W
ire
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
s
n
e
w
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
d
y
n
a
mic
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
fl
e
x
ib
le
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,"
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
(I
CS
OF
T
-
E
A
),
9
th
IEE
E
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
7
2
5
–
7
3
2
732
[2
]
H.
G
rich
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Fo
rm
a
l
sp
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
v
e
rifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
r
a
b
le
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,"
S
y
ste
m
s,
S
ig
n
a
ls & De
v
ice
s (S
S
D)
,
1
2
t
h
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
-
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
H.
G
rich
i
H,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
R
W
iN:
Ne
w
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
W
S
N,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Au
to
ma
ti
o
n
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
-
1
2
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
G
.
A
lo
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
T
EM
-
Ne
t:
a
n
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
ry
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
fo
r
h
ig
h
ly
-
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
wi
re
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s,"
F
u
tu
re
Ne
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
M
o
b
il
e
S
u
m
m
it
(F
u
tu
re
Ne
tw
o
rk
S
u
m
m
it
),
IEE
E,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
M
.
G
a
s
m
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"R
-
n
o
d
e
:
n
e
w
p
ip
e
li
n
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
a
n
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
w
irel
e
ss
se
n
so
r
n
o
d
e
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
M
a
n
,
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
s:
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
Q.
Ch
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
sm
a
rt
se
n
so
r
in
terf
a
c
e
f
o
r
in
d
u
strial
W
S
N
in
Io
T
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
i.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
7
-
1
4
2
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Dy
n
a
m
ic
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
sy
ste
m
s
w
it
h
p
e
rio
d
ic
a
n
d
p
ro
b
a
b
il
isti
c
tas
k
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Au
t
o
ma
t
io
n
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
-
2
7
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
V
.
Ki
n
d
ra
ten
k
o
a
n
d
D.
P
o
i
n
ter,
"
M
a
p
p
in
g
a
se
n
so
r
in
terf
a
c
e
a
n
d
a
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
to
a
n
F
P
GA
c
o
re
,
"
S
e
n
so
r
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
V
.
Ha
n
d
z
isk
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
T
wist:
a
sc
a
la
b
le
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
tes
tb
e
d
fo
r
wire
les
s
in
d
o
o
r
e
x
p
e
rime
n
ts
wit
h
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,"
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
n
d
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
w
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
M
u
l
ti
-
h
o
p
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s:
f
ro
m
th
e
o
ry
t
o
re
a
li
t
y
,
A
CM
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
0
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
D
y
n
a
m
ic
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
p
e
rio
d
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
ti
m
e
d
DES
su
p
e
rv
iso
ry
c
o
n
tro
l,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
K.
Ky
u
-
Ha
n
a
n
d
K.G
.
S
h
i
n
,
"
S
e
lf
-
r
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
w
irele
ss
m
e
sh
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,"
IEE
E/
ACM
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ne
two
rk
in
g
(
T
ON)
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
-
4
0
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
G
.
G
a
y
a
th
iri
,
“
A
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
S
e
lf
Re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
W
irele
ss
M
e
sh
Ne
tw
o
rk
s”
.
[1
3
]
A
.
M
e
lv
e
e
n
a
,
a
n
d
D.R.
Do
ra
i,
"
Q
A
RS
f
o
r
S
e
lf
Re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
in
W
irele
ss
M
e
s
h
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
AR
CET
)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
pp
-
7
3
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
P
.
He
m
a
v
a
th
i
a
n
d
A
.
N.
Na
n
d
a
k
u
m
a
r
,
"
No
v
e
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
M
in
im
a
l
Itera
ti
v
e
P
S
O
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Ex
ten
d
in
g
Ne
tw
o
rk
L
i
f
e
ti
m
e
o
f
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
te
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
M
.
N.
El
sh
a
k
a
n
k
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
En
e
r
g
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
wire
les
s
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
,
"
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
e
n
so
rs,
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
IEE
E
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
6
]
J.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
V.
M
a
n
so
tra,
"
P
r
o
sp
e
c
t
Co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
S
tea
d
f
a
st
P
ro
c
e
d
u
re
i
n
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
"
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.