TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
13, pp.
7230
~72
3
4
e-ISSN: 2087
-278X
7230
Re
cei
v
ed
Jul
y
2, 2013; Re
vised Augu
st
7, 2013; Acce
pted Augu
st 21, 2013
A Multi-core Heterogeneous Programmable
Automation Controller System of Cons
truction
Machin
e
WANG G
uoq
ing*, YE Hong, Qu Jin, YANG Hu
axin, LIU Cheng
h
uan
Ke
y
Lab
orator
y of Road Co
nst
r
uction T
e
chno
lo
g
y
a
nd Eq
uip
m
ent, Ministr
y
of Educatio
n
Cha
ng’
an U
n
iv
ersit
y
,
Xi’
an 7
1
006
4, Shaa
n
x
i,
Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
:
w
a
ng
_g
q@c
hd.ed
u.cn
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
here
are tw
o
mai
n
issue
s
, hig
h
cost
and
interr
upt
respo
n
se
de
la
y for curre
nt
PAC
s
(progr
ammab
l
e
automatio
n co
ntroll
er
s) w
h
ich are using h
i
gh
frequency sin
g
le-c
hip
micro
p
rocess
ors an
d
commercial RTOS (real-tim
e operating syst
em
)
working
by switching t
h
e tasks and interrupts. To solv
e
these
pro
b
le
ms, a n
e
w
low
-
cost multi-c
o
re
hetero
g
e
neo
us
PAC structur
e
w
a
s pro
pos
ed
. Based
o
n
the
traditio
nal fro
n
t-end
of interru
pt service w
i
th
out interr
upt s
w
itching d
e
lay
and th
e div
i
sio
n
& de
ploy
men
t
of
mu
lti rea
l
-ti
m
e
tasks. We imple
m
ented
a n
e
w
progr
a
m
mi
ng la
ng
ua
ge E
ngi
neer
C inc
l
udi
ng its synta
x,
compiler and an integrated deve
lopm
ent environm
ent, which can
dyna
mically divide the m
u
lti tasks an
d
dep
loy the
divi
sion to si
ng
le l
o
w
-
cost microc
ontrol
l
er,
then
built th
e har
dw
are pr
otot
ype,
w
h
ich cons
ists o
f
a dig
i
tal si
gn
al bo
ard, a
n
ana
log s
i
gn
al
board
an
d a
moti
on co
ntrol bo
ard, ev
e
r
y board
has
its
micr
ocontr
o
ll
er
an
d co
mmun
i
cates
each
ot
her
by
a
n
e
n
hanc
ed SPI
b
u
s. T
e
sting
re
sults sh
ow
the
hardw
are pr
oto
t
ype and IDE c
an be pr
ovi
ded
as a lo
w
-
cost PAC soluti
on for constructio
n
mach
in
e.
Key
w
ords
:
p
r
ogra
m
ma
bl
e
auto
m
ati
o
n
co
ntroll
er, multi-
c
o
re hetero
g
e
n
eous, inte
grat
ed deve
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
envir
on
me
nt, engi
neer C pr
og
ramming l
a
n
g
u
age
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
As the ne
w
gene
ration of
the indu
stri
al cont
rolle
rs, the prog
ra
mmable a
u
to
mation
controlle
r (PAC) is the
co
re of the indu
strial
auto
m
at
ion platform.
At prese
n
t, the NI LabVIEW
integrate
d
d
e
v
elopment
e
n
vironm
ent a
nd it
s adva
n
c
ed
PAC Sy
stem–
C
om
pa
ctRIO
are th
e
leadin
g
produ
cts in th
e PAC field [1]. In contrast,
Chi
nese man
u
fa
cture
r
s have i
n
trodu
ce
d PA
C
prod
uct
s
, but
most of
them
are
ba
sed
on
the PL
C
mod
e
l
(s
uc
h as
C
o
de
s
y
s
,
Is
gra
f, KW
)
o
r
use
Win
C
E, VxWorks
and
oth
e
r fo
reig
n d
e
v
elopment
sy
st
em
as the
platform. In t
he
ca
se th
at
the
hard
w
a
r
e
IC manufa
c
tu
rers a
r
e i
n
creasi
ngly in
cli
ned to
provide a
comple
te sol
u
tion, t
he
difficulty of h
a
rd
wa
re
desi
gn i
s
g
r
ad
ua
lly r
edu
ce
d.
Due
to the
lack of i
ndep
ende
nt “PA
C
integrate
d
d
e
v
elopment
en
vironme
n
t”–
c
entere
d
h
a
rd
ware a
nd
soft
ware d
e
velop
m
ent platfo
rm,
the Chin
ese PAC manufa
c
ture
rs are
st
ill in the st
ag
e of fighting in hard
w
a
r
e a
nd pri
c
e, ca
n
’
t
provide
mo
re
add
ed kn
owledge
value
as NI or
oth
e
r
pro
d
u
c
ts.
With the
d
e
velopme
n
t of t
h
e
PAC, PAC platform mod
e
for a parti
cular p
u
rp
ose
stand
s out from the initia
l gene
ric PA
C
mode
s [2]. T
he la
ck
of in
depe
ndent
P
A
C inte
grate
d
devel
opme
n
t platform
h
a
s
be
com
e
a
bottlene
ck re
stri
cting the d
e
velopme
n
t of Chine
s
e PAC.
The
embe
dd
ed o
perating
syste
m
(O
S)-ba
s
e
d
PA
C in
evitably nee
ds to
pro
c
e
s
s
interrupts
an
d switch time
freque
ntly. If a st
a
ck
ove
r
flow o
r
oth
e
r ci
rcumsta
n
ces h
app
ened
,
unpredi
ctable
errors would
occur. An
d in low-co
st o
c
ca
sion
s, si
ngl
e micro
c
ontroller
(MCU)
i
s
widely u
s
ed t
o
com
p
lete the syste
m
d
e
velopme
n
t [3]. To this e
nd, usin
g a front-end m
o
d
e
bas
ed on t
he div
i
sion
of
t
a
sks f
o
r mult
i-mi
cr
oco
n
t
r
olle
r,
we pr
opo
se
d a mult
i-c
o
r
e
hetero
gen
eo
us programm
able autom
ation cont
rolle
r system which
has co
mplet
e
ly indepen
d
ent
intellectu
a
l property rig
h
ts.
This sy
stem
con
s
ist
s
of a prog
ram
m
i
ng and d
ebu
gging inte
gra
t
ed
developm
ent
environ
ment
(IDE) fo
r th
e mult
i-mi
cro
c
ontrolle
r, an
d an IDE
-
su
pporte
d PAC
system’
s
ha
rdwa
re a
r
chitecture in whi
c
h the multi
-
MCU
ca
n be
master-slav
e
swit
che
d
a
n
d
flexibly config
ured.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
A Multi-co
re
Heteroge
neo
us Pro
g
ram
m
able Autom
a
tion Co
ntrolle
r
System
… (WANG Gu
oqin
g
)
7231
2. Design of
the Inte
rgra
ted Dev
e
lopment Env
i
ro
ment
First of all,
comp
are
d
the cha
r
a
c
te
ri
st
ic
s of
c
u
rre
nt
ma
in
stream prog
ra
mming
langu
age
s, base
d
on the
core resea
r
chin
g though
t of "easy to
use, pra
c
tical to use, and
sufficie
n
t to use
”
, we ind
epen
dently desig
ned Engi
neer
C lang
uage, whi
c
h
is ba
sed on
C
langu
age, co
mbined
with the
ch
ar
acte
ristics of
C +
+ / C
#, si
m
p
lified the
syntax rule
s a
n
d
improve
d
the
prog
ram
m
ing
usa
b
ility [4]. Then,
we d
e
signed
an
ordi
nary text inpu
t environm
en
t
and a
graphi
cal input
environment. In
order to
ma
ke
use
r
s with
out
pro
g
ra
mmin
g
expe
rien
ce
to
use, a
n
interactive autom
atic code g
e
neratin
g
sy
stem wa
s d
e
signed. Fin
a
ll
y, in order t
o
facilitate the user to manage co
des, we also set up a docum
ent
automatic gener
ating system.
2.1. Ordinar
y
Text Inpu
t Env
i
ronment
The follo
win
g
figure i
s
th
e
text input en
vironme
n
t bei
ng con
s
tru
c
te
d. From
the f
i
gure,
we
ca
n
see
that the En
ginee
r
C la
n
guag
e h
a
s t
he
same
g
r
a
mmatical
fea
t
ures with
th
e
comm
only u
s
ed high l
e
vel
prog
ram
m
in
g langu
age
s.
The text inp
u
t environ
me
nt impleme
n
ted
some
fun
c
tions
whi
c
h a
r
e
not su
ppo
rte
d
in Keil uVi
s
ion such a
s
variable tip
s
,
membe
r
hint
s,
indent of co
d
e
block, and
so on [5].
Figure 1. Screen
shot of Engine
er
C int
egrate
d
devel
opment envi
r
onment
2.2. Graphic
a
l Input Env
i
ronment
The several
i
n
ternatio
nal widely used p
i
ece
s
of software
have
the f
unctio
n
of
gra
phical
input, su
ch
a
s
Matlab/Sim
u
link, L
abvie
w, etc,
an
d th
e gra
phi
cal in
put mode
is
good
eno
ugh
to
decrea
s
e the
using difficul
t
y for the use
r
s. In vi
ew of
this, we also
desig
ned a
grap
hical inp
u
t
environ
ment
of flow cha
r
t model [6, 7], as sho
w
n in the figure b
e
lo
w:
Figure 2. Engineer
C Flo
w
Chat Input M
ode
2.3. Interactiv
e
Code
Au
t
o
m
a
tic Gen
e
rating
Taking "Ea
sy to use" a
s
the ce
ntral d
e
sig
n
idea,
combine
d
with
the actual
si
tuation
that the
novi
c
es lack
programmi
ng
abilities, in order to facilit
at
e the users to use, the I
D
E
integrate
d
a
n
intera
ctive code a
u
tomati
c ge
ne
rating
system. T
h
i
s
sy
stem
ca
n analy
z
e th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 12, Dece
mb
er 201
3: 723
0 – 7234
7232
informatio
n submitted by users, and a
u
tomatically
co
nverts it into Enginee
r C code
s. Combi
ned
with the ab
ove flow
cha
r
t input mod
e
, a
simple
syste
m
can be co
nstru
c
ted wit
hout
writing
o
n
e
line
of cod
e
s.
Overall,
th
e system co
nsi
s
ts of
two
pa
rts: (1
) Usin
g t
he inte
ra
ctive pro
m
pt mo
d
e
,
the system
g
e
ts code
par
ameters fro
m
spe
c
ific i
npu
t forms,
an
d then a
u
tomati
cally ge
nerates
Enginee
r C code
s; (2) Setting for the useful
ha
rd
wa
re modul
es: the entire software syste
m
serv
i
c
e
s
fo
r
h
a
rd
wa
re, it i
s
not ea
sy
fo
r t
he b
egin
ners to ma
ste
r
th
e la
rge
am
ou
nt of h
a
rd
wa
re
function
s q
u
i
ckly. To thi
s
end, ha
rd
wa
re modul
es
setup gui
ding
prog
ram
wa
s desi
gne
d. As
long a
s
the
use
r
dete
r
mi
nes
whi
c
h fu
nction
s to b
e
use
d
an
d completed th
e
setting of th
e
module
s
’ pa
rameters, Eng
i
neer
C co
de
s will be e
a
sil
y
attained.
Figure 3. Engineer
C Auto
ma
tic Co
de G
enerating System
2.4. Docume
nt Au
toma
tic
Genera
ting
For th
e
situa
t
ion that
writi
ng
softwa
r
e
document i
s
a h
eavy wo
rklo
ad, in
o
r
der t
o
facilitate the
users to use,
a
software docum
ent
automatic gen
erating system was
designed.
This system can automati
c
ally
extra
c
t
the
comment
s from the cod
e
lines i
n
the
text, combini
ng
with the ana
lysis of the use
r
’s p
r
og
ra
m, to
generate the diagram of callin
g relation
shi
p
s
betwe
en fu
n
c
tion
s [8], a
s
sh
own in
Fi
gure
4.
M
e
a
n
whil
e, a fu
n
c
tion
ann
otation g
ene
ratin
g
system
was
provided. In this
system, a text f
ile will be generated as the output to form the
use
r
’s softwa
r
e
do
cum
ent.
Figure 4. Use
r
’s Softwa
r
e
Do
cume
nt Automatic Ge
ne
rating System
3. Design of
the Hard
w
a
r
e
Modules
The
hardware pa
rt of t
h
is
multi-core
hete
r
og
en
eou
s p
r
og
ra
mmable
aut
omatio
n
controlle
r sy
stem is m
a
inl
y
comp
osed
of six pa
rt
s
of a ba
se
bo
ard, three
pi
ece
s
of m
o
th
er
board, five pieces of
so
n boa
rd, a diagn
os
i
s
m
odule, a syn
c
hrono
us
de
bugg
er an
d
an
enha
nced SPI bus. Among them, the base board
contai
n
s
po
wer-sup
ply facilities,
comm
uni
cati
on devi
c
e
s
a
nd syn
c
h
r
on
ous
deb
ugge
r bu
se
s, etc.
The three pi
ece
s
of moth
er
board a
r
e
a
nalog
si
gnal
mothe
r
bo
ard, digital
si
gnal m
o
the
r
board a
nd
motion
cont
rol
motherboa
rd.
They are co
nne
cted to e
a
ch
ot
her th
rough th
e custom enha
nce
d
SPI bus a
n
d
installe
d on the base boa
rd by pins. The diagno
si
s
module i
s
a level signal
co
llecting ci
rcuit
for
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
A Multi-co
re
Heteroge
neo
us Pro
g
ram
m
able Autom
a
tion Co
ntrolle
r
System
… (WANG Gu
oqin
g
)
7233
the logic
anal
yzer. On
e of i
t
s end
s is
co
nne
cted to th
e three
pie
c
e
s
of mothe
r
b
oard to
reali
z
e
the level sig
n
a
l colle
cting f
o
r the mot
h
e
r
boa
rd
s,
an
d the othe
r e
nd is
con
n
e
c
ted to a PC t
o
achi
eve the a
nalysi
s
for th
e acq
u
ired le
vel signal
. Th
e five piece
s
of son b
oard inclu
de: DAC
interface extende
d ci
rcuit, ADC interf
ace exte
n
d
e
d
circuit, I/O interface ex
tended
circui
t,
stepp
er moto
r controlling
i
n
terface extended
ci
rcuit
and
en
cod
e
r interfa
c
e
ex
tended
ci
rcui
t.
They are in
st
alled on the
resp
ective mo
ther bo
ar
d, to
extend the functio
n
s of th
e three pi
ece
s
of mother
bo
ard. Th
e two
end
s of the
synchr
ono
us d
ebug
ger are respe
c
tively
conne
cted
to a
PC and the three pi
eces o
f
mother boa
rd, used
to a
c
hieve the syn
c
hrono
us d
e
b
uggin
g
for the
motherboa
rd
s [9, 10].
Figure 5. The
Conn
ectio
n
Diag
ram of th
e System’s Hard
wa
re Mod
u
les
3.1. Mother
Board
s
Each m
o
the
r
board h
a
s it
s own
fun
c
tion
modul
es
an
d se
pa
rate
commutation
module
s
:
distrib
u
ted control
-
supp
orted
field bus-CAN, RS4
8
5
interface,
USB serial bu
s, downloadi
ng
and
deb
uggi
ng inte
rfa
c
e-JTAG,
asyn
chron
o
u
s
com
m
unication
-u
sed
unive
rsal
se
rial
data
b
u
s-
UART
and S
P
I bus interf
ace, an
d so
on. The
s
e m
odule
s
can e
n
su
re the in
d
epen
dent an
d
asyn
chrono
u
s
wo
rk of ea
ch moth
erb
o
a
rd. The
th
re
e pieces
of motherboa
rd
have the sa
me
level an
d the
y
achi
eve th
e ma
ster-sla
ve swit
ch
of
interrupt resp
onse mo
de
by the
cu
sto
m
enha
nced SP
I bus. At any
time in the
ru
nning
proc
ess, only o
ne
piece
of moth
e
r
bo
ard
can b
e
the maste
r
an
d the others should b
e
slav
es.
The three pi
e
c
e
s
of mothe
r
boa
rd can b
e
run se
pa
rat
e
ly and also
can be
combi
ned to
accompli
sh
complex ap
pli
c
ation
s
when
neede
d. Th
e analo
g
si
g
nal mothe
r
bo
ard i
s
u
s
ed t
o
conve
r
t the
collecte
d
di
gita
l sig
nal to
an
alog vo
lta
ge
sign
al by
DA
C a
nd th
en
convert th
e o
u
tput
of 0 to 2.5V v
o
ltage
s to
±1
0V thro
ugh th
e ba
ckwa
rd
chann
el ci
rcuit
,
use
d
in th
e
analo
g
contro
l
for the servo
motor. The DAC interfa
c
e ext
ended
circuit and the ADC in
te
rface extended
circuit
are
con
n
e
c
te
d to the an
alo
g
sig
nal moth
erbo
ard. The
digital si
gnal
motherboa
rd
is u
s
ed fo
r th
e
input and o
u
t
put of the controlle
r’
s switching valu
e
s
. The I/O interface extended
circuit is
con
n
e
c
ted to
the digital
si
gnal m
o
therb
oard. T
he m
o
tion control
board i
s
u
s
e
d
to control t
he
stepp
er m
o
to
r and
used fo
r the inp
u
t of the spe
c
ia
l sig
nals (o
rigin si
gnal,
po
sitive limit,
negative
spa
c
in
g, etc.). The step
per motor contro
lling
interfa
c
e
extended
circuit and
en
coder i
n
terfa
c
e
extended
circuit are co
nne
cted to
the m
o
tion co
ntrol
motherboa
rd.
3.2. The Dia
gnosis Mod
u
le and Sy
n
c
hronou
s De
bugger
(a)
(b)
Figure 6. (a
) The three pi
ece
s
of moth
er boa
rd; (b
)
The syn
c
h
r
on
ous d
ebu
gge
r
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7234
The di
agno
si
s mo
dule i
s
a
level sig
nal
colle
cting
circuit for the l
o
g
i
c an
alyze
r
, u
s
ed t
o
colle
ct the le
vel signal fo
r the three pi
ece
s
of
moth
erbo
ard, then
analyzin
g a
nd sh
owi
ng the
colle
cted l
e
vel sig
nal
on
the PC. T
he
synch
r
o
n
ous deb
ugg
er a
nd th
e
three
pie
c
e
s
of
motherboa
rd
co
nstitute
a
self
-organi
zi
ng
re
co
n
s
tru
c
tion syste
m
,
whi
c
h
can well en
sure
t
h
e
reconfigu
r
a
b
ility and pro
g
ramm
ability of this m
u
lti-co
re h
e
terog
ene
ou
s prog
ram
m
a
b
le
automation controlle
r.
3.3. The Enhanced SPI Bus
The cu
stom
e
nhan
ce
d
SPI bus
in
clud
es 12 si
gn
al lin
e
s
, which a
r
e
data lin
es an
d cl
ock
lines (SPI_S
CK, SPI_MISO and SPI_MOSI), chip
-s
ele
c
ting si
g
nal lines
(NS
S
0, NSS1, NSS2,
NSS3 and SPI_NSS) and
interrupt si
g
nal lines (I
T
0
, IT1,
IT2 and IT3), and u
p
to four MCUs’
synchro
nou
s co
mmuni
cati
on
can
be
suppo
rted.
A
m
ong
them,
the data
an
d
clo
c
k lin
es
are
use
d
for d
a
ta
transmitting
among th
e h
o
st an
d the
sl
aves, the
shi
p
-sele
c
ted lin
es a
r
e u
s
e
d
for
the ho
st to
select ta
rg
et sl
aves
and
the
interrupt
si
g
nal lin
es a
r
e
use
d
to
send
interrupt
si
g
nal
from the
slav
es to th
e h
o
st
, so a
s
to
inte
rru
pt t
he
sign
al of the
ho
st
and
set itself
to be the
ho
st
and the othe
rs to be the sl
aves. This
cu
stom
enh
an
ced SPI bus can achieve the re
spo
ndin
g
con
n
e
c
tion of
interru
pt mode amon
g the
host and
sla
v
es.
4. Conclusio
n
The multi-co
re heteroge
ne
ous p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
able a
u
tom
a
tion co
ntroll
er put forwa
r
d in this
pape
r, usi
n
g
a front-end
mode b
a
se
d on the di
v
i
sion
of tasks for m
u
lti-CPU mod
e
, can
effectively sol
v
e the proble
m
s
of heavie
r system lo
a
d
, poore
r
re
a
l
-time re
spo
n
d
ing ability for
multi tasks
and relativel
y
lower
pro
c
e
ssi
ng efficiency, whi
c
h
exist in the traditio
n
a
l
prog
ram
m
abl
e automatio
n
controlle
r system
ba
sed
on emb
edd
ed op
eratin
g
system. Th
e
Enginee
r C i
n
tegrate
d
de
velopment e
n
vironm
ent provided a p
r
o
g
rammi
ng la
ngua
ge of ea
sy
learni
ng
and
use
and
set
up the
mod
u
les
of text inp
u
t pro
g
ra
mmi
ng, graphi
cal
pro
g
ra
mmin
g
,
cod
e
automa
t
ic gene
rating
and software document
automatic
ge
neratin
g, etc.
It provided an
efficient way for the develo
p
ing an
d deb
uggin
g
for the
multi-co
re he
teroge
neo
us
system.
Ackno
w
l
e
d
g
ement
This work wa
s su
ppo
rted
by the Chine
s
e cent
ral fin
anci
a
l sci
entific re
sea
r
ch fund for
university (CHD201
0JC09
1
).
We
wo
uld
like
to th
a
n
k the
an
onymo
us revie
w
e
r
s for
thei
r
h
e
lpf
u
l
comm
ent
s.
Referen
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i
ao SUN,
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a
ckagi
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chi
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PLC.
TEL
K
OMNIKA
Indon
esi
an Jou
r
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al Eng
i
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060-
306
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uchard.
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Dr. Ja
mes
T
r
uchar
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ang Guo
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