TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 201
4, pp. 5905 ~ 5909
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.453
7
5905
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 2, 20
13;
Revi
se
d Apri
l 15, 2014; Accepte
d
May 7
,
2014
New Controllable Field Current Induced Excitation
Synchronous Generator
Bei Wei*
1
, Xiuhe Wa
ng
2
Shan
do
ng Un
i
v
ersit
y
, Sch
ool
of Electrical En
gin
eeri
ng, Sha
ndo
ng U
n
ivers
i
t
y
, Jina
n, 250
0
61, Chi
n
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
:
w
e
ib
ei@s
du.
edu.cn
1
, w
a
n
g
x
h@sd
u.edu.c
n
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
The e
l
ectrica
l
mach
ine
usi
n
g i
nduc
ed
exc
i
tation
syste
m
is
a ki
nd
of
brus
hless
sel
f
-excited
mac
h
i
ne w
i
th l
o
w
cost and
hi
gh re
lia
bil
i
ty, the in
duc
ed
excit
ed
mac
h
in
e w
oul
d pr
ovid
e h
i
gh p
o
w
e
r de
ns
ity
at hig
h
-sp
eed.
But the low
effi
ciency
of the e
xcitati
on syste
m
l
i
m
its the
de
velo
p
m
ent
of this ki
nd
mac
h
i
n
e
.
Based on tradit
ional
excita
tion system
, an improved c
onstruction
indu
ced excitation
system
is proposed in
this pap
er. Ada
p
tive contro
l method is us
ed t
o
control t
he c
u
rrent dir
e
ction
in the
stator auxili
ary w
i
ndi
ng
to
repl
ace c
onsta
nt DC exc
i
tatio
n
, the i
nput c
u
rrent can
cha
n
ge its
directi
o
n
accord
in
g to t
he p
o
siti
on
of the
rotor, the res
u
l
t
is that al
l of i
nduc
ed c
u
rrent
s at w
o
rk in
ex
citation syste
m
.
Position
sens
ors are
fix
ed o
n
the rotor an
d the stator fiel
d w
i
ndin
g
curre
n
t
s can syn
chro
ni
z
e
w
i
th the r
o
tor positi
on a
ccordi
ng to th
e
sign
al of the s
ensors. Exper
i
m
e
n
ts
w
i
th the propos
ed stru
cture are perf
o
rme
d
an
d co
mpare
d
w
i
th those of
the trad
itio
nal
i
nduc
ed
excitati
on syste
m
on
e
.
The res
u
lts s
how
that th
e n
e
w
structure c
an
improv
e th
e
excitation system
efficien
cy and reduce the
cost.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
sy
nchro
nous
ge
n
e
rator, in
duce
d
excitatio
n
syst
em, br
ush
l
ess
and
exciterl
ess
,
new
full-w
a
ve
,
control
l
ab
le fie
l
d current
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Small synch
r
onou
s gen
erators a
r
e wil
d
ly uesd
in shi
pping illumin
a
tion, the urb
an power
sup
p
ly and family electri
c
al equipm
ent
s, whi
c
h
nee
d to have the perfo
rman
ce su
ch as
self-
exiting, co
nst
ant-voltage,
g
ood
dynami
c
perfo
rman
ce,
co
mpen
diou
s stru
cture, stable ope
ratio
n
,
reliabl
e q
ualit
y, conveni
en
ce i
n
cont
rol
and
main
ten
ance. Th
ere
are
two
ki
nd
of
synchro
n
ous
gene
rato
r excitation sy
ste
m
s: se
micon
ducto
r
ele
c
tro
m
agneti
c
st
ru
cture
and p
e
rmanent ma
g
net
stru
cture. Th
e stru
ctur
e of
the semi
con
ducto
r ele
c
tro
m
agneti
c
exci
tied synchron
ous g
ene
rato
r is
compl
e
x in comparison wi
th that of the permanent
magnet machine.It is difficult to adjust
the
output voltage of the permanent mag
net exciti
ed synchro
nou
s generator. Thus the ind
u
ce
d
excitation sy
nch
r
on
ou
s g
enerator i
s
d
e
sig
ned
in rece
nt years,whi
c
h would
achieve a
good
balan
ce b
e
tween cost, reli
ability, pow
er
den
sity, and high-sp
eed
capability.
In this paper,
several ind
u
c
ed excitatio
n
sy
stem
s are studied. Ba
sed on the
s
e
existed
stru
cture, an
improve
d
co
n
s
tru
c
tion in
du
ced ex
citatio
n
system i
s
p
r
ovided and adaptive
cont
rol
method i
s
u
s
ed
in thi
s
new excitaito
n
sy
stem. E
x
perime
n
ts
a
r
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to validate
the
stru
cture. Co
mpared to
th
ose
of the
tra
d
itional
i
ndu
ced ex
citation
system, th
e n
e
w
structu
r
e
can
improve the e
x
citation syst
em efficien
cy and re
du
ce th
e co
st
.
2. Induced Excita
tion Sy
stem
The in
du
ced
excitation
synchrono
us
gene
ra
to
r, which
doe
s
no
t need
any
exciter
or
bru
s
he
s to
p
r
ovide its DC
field current,
it has an
ind
u
ce
d
curre
n
t
to su
pply its
field current.
it
con
s
i
s
ts
of a
n
auxiliary wi
nding on
the
stator whi
c
h i
s
ad
ditional t
o
the mai
n
stator
windin
g
,
a
diode
re
ctifier circuit
on th
e
roto
r fro
m
which
the
DC
fie
l
d
c
u
rr
en
ts
ar
e
s
u
pp
lie
d by r
e
c
t
ifica
t
io
n o
f
the ind
u
ced
curre
n
ts i
n
th
e rotor
auxili
ary field.
T
h
e
field
cu
rre
nt
can
be
adj
usted by
cha
n
g
i
ng
the input of the stator a
u
xiliary windi
ng.
The ind
u
ced
excitation me
thod can be
trace
d
ba
ck to the 196
0’s,
Re
sea
r
chers from
Kyushu
Univ
ersity in F
u
ku
oka,
Jap
an a
dopt the ex
citerle
s
s and
brushl
ess ex
citation sy
stem
in a
singl
e-p
h
a
s
e
salie
nt pole synchro
nou
s
gene
rato
r
an
d improved t
he power fa
ctor. Its features
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02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 590
5 –
5909
5906
inclu
ded
a di
ode re
ctifier circuit
on
the rotor,
th
e
dio
d
e
rectifier ci
rcuit and
the
e
x
citing
windi
n
g
s
s
e
rially c
o
nnec
ted so as
to
form a c
l
o
s
e
d
circuit, as sh
own in Fig
u
re
1 [1-3].
Figure 1. Single-p
h
a
s
e Sal
i
ent Pole Indu
ced Excitatio
n
Synchrono
us Ge
nerator
Since the
n
re
sea
r
che
r
s in
Jap
an devel
o
ped the d
oub
le-pol
e excite
rless a
nd b
r
u
s
hle
s
s
excitation system in a singl
e-ph
ase sali
e
n
t pole sy
nch
r
ono
us g
ene
rator. its stato
r
is com
p
o
s
ed
of main
wi
ndi
ng
w
a
which outputs
power
and auxiliary
windi
ng w
e
whi
c
h add
th
e
excitin
g
cu
rrent,
and the num
b
e
r of main pol
es is d
oubl
e as the auxilia
ry windin
g
, as sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 2 [4, 5].
Becau
s
e
of the indu
ce
d e
x
citation syn
c
hron
ou
s ge
n
e
rato
r with
si
ngle-pha
se
a
nd salient
pole sy
stem,
the abe
rrati
on of voltag
e and
cu
rre
nt wave be
come severe,
the three
-
p
hase
indu
ced exci
tation
syn
c
h
r
onou
s gene
rators
shoul
d
be of
grea
t signifi
cant,
This can
be
schemati
c
ally
seen in Fig
u
re 3 [6, 7].
Figure 2. Single-p
h
a
s
e Do
uble-pole Ind
u
ce
d Excitation Synch
r
on
ous G
ene
rato
r
W
a
V
f1
W
f1
W
e
V
f2
W
f2
V
f3
W
f3
V
f4
W
f4
n
Figure 3. Three Phase Ind
u
ce
d Ex
citation Synch
r
on
ous G
ene
rato
r
W
r
W
c
C
W
a
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Co
ntroll
able Field
Cu
rre
nt Induced
Exci
tation Synch
r
on
ou
s G
enerator (B
ei Wei)
5907
Ho
wever the
r
e h
a
s
an
obsta
cle
pro
b
lem in th
e
study of th
e indu
ce
d e
x
citation
synchro
nou
s
gene
rato
r, The internal e
x
citati
on syst
em ado
pts h
a
lf-w
ave com
m
utation
mo
de,
the DC field
current is supplie
d
by rectificatio
n of the induce
d
currents in
the rotor, wh
ich
signifi
cantly redu
ce
s the
efficien
cy to half of
the origin
al, it is a g
r
eat i
m
pedim
ent to its
developm
ent and ap
plicati
on in pra
c
tica
l application.
Re
sea
r
che
r
s
at the Shand
ong Universit
y
have
been
workin
g in thi
s
area for
a long time,
in o
r
de
r to
i
m
prove
the i
ndu
ced
excit
a
tion
sy
stem’
s
effici
en
cy, resea
r
chers prop
osed a new
config
uratio
n of double
-
pol
e indu
ced ex
citation with
mixed co
nne
cted rotor
win
d
ing, the tran
sfe
r
coeffici
ent of the new co
nfiguratio
n can be im
proved, but its value was limi
t
ed, This ca
n
be
schemati
c
ally
seen in Fig
u
re 4 [8-11].
W
f1
W
f2
W
f3
W
f4
W
f5
W
f6
W
f7
W
f8
Figure 4. Ne
w Co
nfiguration of
Dou
b
le-pole Indu
ce
d Excitation with Mixed Con
necte
d Roto
r
Windi
ng
3. The Propo
sed Me
thod
This pa
pe
r propo
se
s a ne
w app
roa
c
h t
o
increa
se ex
cit
a
t
i
on sy
st
e
m
ef
f
i
cien
cy
.
B
a
sed o
n
the prin
cipl
es mentione
d a
bove,
a diod
e
rectifie
r ci
rcu
i
t on the roto
r is chang
ed i
n
to sh
ort ci
rcuit,
all the di
odes are removed. The in
put current
of
the stator auxiliary
winding i
s
no longer purely
con
s
tant
DC,
the dire
ction
of curre
n
t wil
l
be chan
ged
according to
the po
sition
of the roto
r. The
indu
ced
currents i
n
the
ro
tor
will b
e
ch
ange
d from a
l
ternating
current to
pul
se
DC.
The
resu
lts
sho
w
that all
of the indu
ce
d cu
rr
ents a
r
e active in ex
citation
syste
m
, we call thi
s
a ne
w full-wave
indu
ced ex
citation system,
as sh
own in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Ne
w Full-wave I
ndu
ced Excit
a
tion Synch
r
o
nou
s Gen
e
rat
o
r
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TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 590
5 –
5909
5908
This
pap
er p
u
ts fo
rwa
r
d
a
method
of m
o
tor h
a
ll
sen
s
or o
n
-li
ne m
o
nitor to
dete
c
t the the
positio
n of the rotor, and the inverter d
r
ive si
gn
als a
r
e syn
c
hroni
zed with the position sen
s
o
r
output
sign
al
s
so
that
synch
r
oni
sm
b
e
twee
n th
e
stator field
wi
nding
current
s a
n
d
the
ro
tor
positio
n is en
sured for a
n
y spe
ed.
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
A low-po
we
r test p
r
ototy
pe of th
e n
e
w
st
ru
cture i
s
p
r
od
uced.
The exp
r
ime
n
ts a
r
e
perfo
rmed a
n
d
the test re
sults of the exprime
n
ts can
well validate t
he theoretical
analysi
s
.
The rate
d pa
rameters in
clu
de:P
N
=3
kW,
U
N
=400V,f
N
=
50H
z
,
n
N
=15
0
0
r
pm,the roto
r windi
ng
N
f
=300, the stator field win
d
ing N
e
=27
0
.
The expe
rim
ental re
sults,
sho
w
n in Fi
gure 6,
indi
cate that the rotor cu
rrent in the old
indu
ced ex
citation system i
s
half-
wave, anothe
r half-wave was lo
st.
Figure 6. The
Rotor
Curren
t Waveform a
nd Stator Voltage Waveform
Figure 7. The
Rotor
Curren
t Waveform o
f
the Full-wav
e
Induced Excitation
The experi
m
ental re
sults by
the new
m
e
thod of
full-wave i
ndu
ce
d excitatio
n
a
r
e
sh
own
in Figu
re 7.
By compa
r
i
s
on of the te
st
re
sults
of
th
e two
prototy
pes, it i
s
sho
w
n that th
e rotor
c
u
rrent is
the full wave.
5. Conclusio
n
This p
ape
r
pre
s
ent
s a n
e
w st
ru
cture
of
induced
excitation sy
stem. By testing the
perfo
rman
ce
param
eters of experim
ental protot
y
pe, its perfo
rman
ce in
de
x can meet
the
techni
cal a
n
d
perfo
rman
ce
requi
rem
ent. The re
sult
s
sho
w
e
d
that the pro
p
o
s
ed
new full
-wave
indu
ced ex
citation gen
erat
or ca
n improv
e the efficien
cy and re
du
ce the co
st.
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Co
ntroll
able Field
Cu
rre
nt Induced
Exci
tation Synch
r
on
ou
s G
enerator (B
ei Wei)
5909
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This wo
rk
wa
s
finan
cially suppo
rted by
Nati
on
al Natu
ral Sci
e
n
c
e F
ound
ation of
Chin
a
unde
r Grant 5130
7100
Referen
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e
lf-e
xcite
d
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li
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has
e S
y
nc
hro
n
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u
s Machi
ne.
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196
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386.
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i
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ess
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