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24
,
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1
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Octo
b
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20
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p
.
24
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pp
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5
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&
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p
Sci,
Vo
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2
4
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
21
:
24
5
-
25
2
246
Or
d
in
ar
y
clin
ical
im
a
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
eith
er
u
tili
ze
d
estru
ct
iv
e
r
ad
iatio
n
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t
b
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
tis
s
u
es
o
r
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
is
n
'
t
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
all.
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
ac
t.
As
a
clin
ical
im
ag
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
i
m
p
ed
a
n
c
e
t
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
E
I
T
)
o
f
f
er
s
to
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
:
th
e
n
o
n
-
in
tr
u
s
iv
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
a
p
atien
t
with
el
ec
tr
o
d
es
an
d
wir
es
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
f
o
r
ce
aseless
in
ten
s
iv
e
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
it
is
f
r
ee
o
f
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
r
ad
iatio
n
;
t
h
is
is
f
it
f
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
at
h
ig
h
ca
s
in
g
r
ates
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
g
r
ea
t
t
r
an
s
ien
t
r
eso
lu
tio
n
;
th
is
is
co
n
ce
iv
ab
ly
ch
ea
p
,
u
ti
lizin
g
o
f
f
-
t
h
e
-
r
ac
k
lo
w
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
h
ar
d
war
e
p
a
r
ts
.
T
h
en
a
g
a
in
,
EIT
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
lo
w
s
p
atial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
as
well
as
is
in
clin
ed
to
r
el
ics
f
r
o
m
ter
m
in
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
h
elp
less
co
n
tact
q
u
ality
[
2
]
.
EIT
is
a
non
-
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
cl
i
n
i
c
al
i
m
a
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w
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a
p
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li
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d
to
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p
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of
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d
in
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r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
of
p
i
c
t
u
r
e
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
it
y
of
c
a
n
c
e
r
o
u
s
a
n
d
non
-
c
a
n
c
e
r
o
u
s
c
el
l
s
is
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
can
be
h
el
p
f
u
l
f
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
c
a
n
c
e
r
[
4
]
.
EIT
is
a
b
l
e
to
be
h
e
l
p
f
u
l
to
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
s
w
h
e
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
e
x
i
s
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
of
ti
s
s
u
es
,
l
iq
u
i
d
s
,
or
v
a
p
o
r
s
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
le
,
i
m
a
g
i
n
g
of
d
e
s
t
r
u
ct
i
v
e
or
i
s
c
h
e
m
ic
t
is
s
u
e
or
u
t
i
l
i
ta
r
i
a
n
c
h
e
c
k
i
n
g
of
i
n
h
a
l
a
t
io
n
,
n
e
u
r
a
l
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
,
b
l
o
o
d
s
t
r
e
a
m
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
a
l
m
o
t
il
i
t
y
[
4
]
.
EIT
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
es
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
of
t
h
e
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
of
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
.
It
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
b
e
i
n
g
u
s
e
d
in
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
in
t
h
e
l
ate
1970s
[
5
]
a
n
d
m
i
d
1980s
[
6
]
.
N
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
u
s
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
f
o
r
EIT
s
u
c
h
as
in
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
m
e
n
t
/
d
e
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
m
e
n
t
of
lu
n
g
t
i
s
s
u
e
[
7
]
,
c
o
n
t
r
as
t
-
b
as
e
d
p
e
r
f
u
s
i
o
n
m
e
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
[
8
]
,
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
b
r
e
as
t
c
a
n
c
e
r
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
P
r
o
s
t
a
t
e
c
a
n
c
er
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
g
a
s
t
r
i
c
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
a
l
m
o
t
i
li
t
y
[
1
3
]
,
c
e
r
e
b
r
a
l
p
e
r
f
u
s
i
o
n
[
1
4
]
,
t
i
t
r
a
te
p
o
s
it
i
v
e
e
n
d
-
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
in
C
OV
I
D
-
19
a
c
u
t
e
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
d
is
t
r
es
s
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
[
1
5
]
.
In
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
of
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
bone
c
a
n
c
e
r
,
e
le
c
t
r
i
ca
l
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
t
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
is
a
n
e
w
m
e
t
h
o
d
.
B
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
is
an
u
n
u
s
u
al
k
in
d
o
f
m
alig
n
an
cy
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
as
an
ex
c
r
u
ciatin
g
lu
m
p
(
‘
tu
m
o
r
’
)
i
n
h
u
m
an
b
o
n
e.
T
h
is
is
o
th
er
wis
e
ca
lled
b
o
n
e
s
ar
co
m
a.
W
h
ile
b
o
n
e
m
alig
n
a
n
cy
o
r
i
g
in
ate
s
i
n
th
e
b
o
d
y
,
th
e
ca
r
cin
o
g
en
ic
ce
lls
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
n
d
b
e
g
in
t
o
d
ev
astate
h
u
m
an
b
o
n
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
d
e
p
ictin
g
b
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
u
s
in
g
im
ag
e
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
s
u
ch
as
k
-
m
ea
n
s
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
an
d
k
n
n
class
if
icatio
n
[
1
6
]
.
A
r
estricte
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
E
I
T
n
am
ed
en
clo
s
u
r
e
m
eth
o
d
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
s
tab
le
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
an
d
c
o
n
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
also
[
1
7
]
.
A
co
m
p
u
ted
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
C
T
)
im
a
g
e
-
g
u
id
ed
el
ec
tr
ical
im
p
ed
an
c
e
to
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
E
I
T
)
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
clin
ical
im
ag
in
g
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
o
[
1
8
]
.
B
en
ig
n
ca
n
ce
r
tu
m
o
r
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
t
o
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
im
p
u
r
ity
w
h
ile
th
e
m
ali
g
n
an
t
tu
m
o
r
is
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
to
c
o
n
d
u
c
tin
g
im
p
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
tis
s
u
e
an
d
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
s
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Ma
lig
n
an
t
tu
m
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
ex
p
a
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
a
n
d
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
esteem
s
h
en
c
e
d
ec
lin
e
its
im
p
e
d
an
ce
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
b
en
ig
n
tis
s
u
e
an
d
th
e
m
alig
n
a
n
t
tu
m
o
r
s
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
:
clo
s
e
-
to
3
5
m
ic
r
o
s
iem
en
s
/m
m
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
b
o
n
e
tis
s
u
e
an
d
3
-
4
ti
m
es
g
r
ea
ter
f
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
tis
s
u
e
at
1
k
Hz
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
co
n
tr
ast
is
m
o
r
e
ar
ticu
lated
at
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
ies,
cr
esti
n
g
at
r
o
u
g
h
ly
1
M
Hz
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
asts
will
p
er
m
it
to
s
ep
ar
ate
b
etwe
en
th
e
ty
p
ical
tis
s
u
e
an
d
h
ar
m
f
u
l
tis
s
u
e.
E
I
DORS
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
2
-
D
an
d
3
-
D
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
im
ag
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
v
o
ltag
e
d
atasets
.
E
I
DORS
is
an
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
ite
ex
ec
u
ted
in
MA
T
L
AB
p
ac
k
ag
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
o
f
twar
e
is
p
a
r
titi
o
n
ed
i
n
to
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
i.e
.
m
esh
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
f
o
r
wa
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
,
a
n
d
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
,
th
e
ap
p
lied
elec
tr
icity
r
ate
an
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
th
e
ed
g
e,
ca
lcu
lated
with
elec
tr
o
d
es a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
r
ec
k
o
n
ed
i
n
ter
n
al
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
r
esis
tiv
it
y
[
2
4
]
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
d
etec
tin
g
t
u
m
o
r
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
ce
ll
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
ese
s
tep
s
ar
e
c
o
n
tr
asti
n
g
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
tis
s
u
es
,
elec
tr
o
d
es
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
,
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
wa
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
,
i
m
ag
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
s
o
lv
in
g
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
)
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
tu
m
o
r
f
r
o
m
E
I
T
i
m
ag
e
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
m
ag
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
p
ath
way
b
y
u
s
in
g
E
I
T
2
.
1
.
C
o
ntr
a
s
t
ing
elec
t
rica
l
pro
pert
ies o
f
t
is
s
ues
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
it
y
an
d
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
an
d
n
o
n
-
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
tis
s
u
es
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t.
Her
e
is
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
a
n
d
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
h
ea
lth
y
tis
s
u
e
an
d
tu
m
o
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
u
s
ed
in
t
h
ese
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Her
e,
s
1
,
s
2
an
d
s
3
ar
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
ttiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
ee
tim
es
a
n
d
r
1
,
r
2
an
d
r
3
a
r
e
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
ee
tim
es.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
n
o
r
m
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
B
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
e
lectrica
l imp
ed
a
n
ce
to
mo
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
N
a
b
a
n
it
a
S
a
h
a
)
247
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
[
2
5
]
-
[
2
7
]
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
S1
S2
S3
r1
r2
r3
H
e
a
l
t
h
y
Ti
ss
u
e
4
4
.
3
5
.
2
2
3
5
.
2
2
3
1
.
8
0
6
.
5
8
3
0
.
0
5
9
8
Tu
m
o
u
r
5
4
.
8
5
.
2
2
3
5
.
2
2
3
2
6
.
5
8
3
0
.
0
5
9
8
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
tis
s
u
e
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
tem
p
ar
atu
r
e
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
(
l)
an
d
elec
tr
ical
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
(
S/m)
is
d
e
not
ed
b
y
a
lin
ea
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
ℇ
(
T
)
=
s1
[1
-
1
/{
1
+e
x
p
(
s
2
-
s
3
T
)
}]
δ(
T
)
=
r1
[1
-
1
/{1
+e
x
p
(
r
2
-
r
3
T
)
}]
2
.
2
.
E
lect
ro
des
po
s
it
io
nin
g
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
o
f
E
I
T
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
a
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
ato
r
,
a
v
o
ltag
e
to
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
d
eliv
er
in
g
a
elec
tr
icity
o
f
2
0
m
A
at
5
k
Hz,
a
p
h
a
n
to
m
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
with
1
6
elec
tr
o
d
es
s
et
u
p
an
d
a
m
u
ltime
ter
f
o
r
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
tia
l
v
o
ltag
es
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
atter
n
.
I
n
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
jectio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
is
ap
p
lied
to
o
n
e
s
ets
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
1
an
d
elec
tr
o
d
e
2
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tial
v
o
ltag
e
is
ca
l
cu
lated
b
etwe
en
o
th
e
r
p
air
i.e
.
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
o
d
e
3
an
d
4
th
en
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
iv
e
is
m
o
v
ed
to
n
ex
t p
air
b
etwe
en
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
4
an
d
5
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
u
p
t
o
last
p
air
i.e
.
elec
tr
o
d
e
1
5
an
d
1
6
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
icity
d
en
s
ity
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
b
etwe
en
cu
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
o
d
es
a
n
d
co
n
tin
u
es
d
im
in
i
s
h
in
g
q
u
ic
k
ly
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
.
R
o
u
n
d
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
c
r
o
s
s
in
g
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
ch
a
m
b
er
with
cy
lin
d
e
r
s
an
d
elec
tr
o
d
e
m
esh
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
i
s
ex
ec
u
ted
b
y
in
d
icatin
g
a
less
er
m
ax
im
u
m
m
esh
s
ize
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
r
ad
ial
c
y
lin
d
er
.
2
.
3
.
So
l
v
ing
t
he
f
o
rwa
rd
pr
o
blem
T
h
e
f
o
r
wa
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
is
ty
p
ic
ally
s
o
lv
ed
with
f
in
ite
elem
e
n
ts
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
[
2
9
]
.
Fo
r
wa
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
ex
p
lan
at
io
n
c
o
n
tain
s
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
o
n
th
e
s
u
p
er
f
icial
lev
el
elec
tr
o
d
es
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
r
esis
tiv
ity
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
,
wh
ile
eq
u
ally
th
e
r
esis
tiv
ity
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
o
n
e
an
d
ap
p
lied
elec
tr
icity
r
ate
ar
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
war
d
p
r
o
b
lem
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
with
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
L
ap
lace
eq
u
atio
n
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
FEM
m
eth
o
d
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
elu
cid
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
th
e
u
s
ed
elec
tr
icity
r
ate
an
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
o
n
t
h
e
b
o
r
d
er
,
ca
lcu
lated
with
elec
tr
o
d
es
a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
ass
ess
ed
in
n
er
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
r
esis
tiv
ity
[
3
1
]
.
Her
e,
a
cy
l
in
d
r
ical
s
h
ap
ed
f
in
ite
elem
e
n
ts
m
eth
o
d
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
wh
ich
is
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
2
.
4
.
I
m
a
g
e
re
c
o
ns
t
ruct
io
n (
s
o
lv
ing
inv
er
s
e
pro
blem
)
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
im
a
g
e
in
el
ec
tr
ical
im
p
ed
an
ce
to
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
E
I
T
)
is
a
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
ill
-
p
o
s
ed
in
v
e
r
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Her
e
,
im
a
g
e
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
with
th
e
“Gr
az
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
E
I
T
(
GR
E
I
T
)
,
Sh
ef
f
ield
B
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
,
Ga
u
s
s
-
New
to
n
I
n
v
er
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
G
R
E
I
T
in
v
o
lv
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e,
h
o
m
o
g
en
o
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
-
f
o
r
m
e
d
tr
ain
i
n
g
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
ata.
GR
E
I
T
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
p
o
in
t
-
f
o
r
m
ed
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
.
On
th
e
o
f
f
ch
an
ce
th
at
we
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
-
s
p
ac
e
to
b
e
d
is
cr
etize
d
,
we
ca
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
ese
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
in
im
p
ed
an
ce
as
a
g
r
ea
t
d
ea
l
o
f
u
n
it
v
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
Sh
ef
f
ield
im
ag
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
esu
m
p
tio
n
th
at
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
o
f
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
is
u
n
if
o
r
m
.
On
e
-
s
tep
Ga
u
s
s
-
New
to
n
(
GN)
E
I
T
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
was
g
en
er
ally
u
tili
ze
d
in
E
I
T
(
e
g
.
C
h
en
ey
et
al
1
9
9
0
;
Ad
ler
an
d
Gu
ar
d
o
,
1
9
9
6
)
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
er
m
it
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
ef
in
e
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
o
d
els
o
f
th
e
E
I
T
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
,
ca
n
d
e
n
o
te
th
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
as a
lin
ea
r
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
a
tr
ix
,
th
at
wo
u
l
d
b
e
ab
le
to
p
er
m
it
q
u
ick
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
im
ag
in
g
.
2
.
5
.
Dia
g
no
s
is
o
f
t
um
o
r
f
ro
m
E
I
T
im
a
g
e
As
th
e
tu
m
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
tis
s
u
es,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
t
u
m
o
r
ca
n
ea
s
ily
b
e
d
etec
ted
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
im
ag
e
o
f
th
e
tu
m
o
r
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
OF
P
H
ANTOM
M
O
DE
L
A
cy
lin
d
r
ical
g
eo
m
etr
y
h
as
b
ee
n
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
as
a
h
u
m
an
b
o
n
e
with
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
wh
ich
ar
e
attac
h
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
p
h
a
n
to
m
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
b
o
n
e
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
ese
m
ater
ials
h
av
e
d
ec
id
ed
to
ca
r
r
y
o
n
s
im
ilar
ly
to
h
u
m
a
n
tis
s
u
es
.
No
n
o
is
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
s
im
u
lated
elec
tr
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
in
r
ea
l
s
y
s
tem
y
et,
s
o
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
21
:
24
5
-
25
2
248
b
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
is
s
im
u
lated
to
g
e
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
co
d
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
b
y
tak
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es (
1
6
)
an
d
th
e
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
m
ater
ials
(
tu
m
o
r
)
as in
p
u
ts
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Hu
m
an
p
h
an
to
m
m
o
d
el
co
n
tain
in
g
tu
m
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
elec
tr
o
d
es
on
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
of
th
e
p
h
an
to
m
m
o
d
el
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
I
n
th
is
p
ar
t,
it
is
clar
if
ied
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
is
g
iv
en
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
2
-
D
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
v
iew
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tu
m
o
r
a
s
u
n
id
en
tifie
d
.
2
-
D
E
I
T
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
im
ag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
q
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
ca
n
ce
r
o
u
s
lu
n
g
tis
s
u
es
b
u
t
it
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
f
o
r
b
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
y
et.
Star
tin
g
s
tep
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
it
y
an
d
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
in
lo
n
g
b
o
n
e
is
to
g
e
n
er
ate
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
is
f
in
ite
m
o
d
el
i
s
ex
p
l
ain
ed
b
y
ex
p
ec
tin
g
h
o
m
o
g
en
o
u
s
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ataset
is
s
tack
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
.
I
n
v
er
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
im
p
le
m
en
ted
.
I
n
v
er
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
tili
ze
s
d
is
tin
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
im
a
g
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
4
.
1
.
I
m
a
g
e
re
c
o
ns
t
ruct
io
n us
ing
diff
er
ent
a
lg
o
rit
hm
s
A
b
o
n
e
tis
s
u
e
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
in
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
ter
r
ito
r
y
s
ec
tio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
wh
o
le
lo
ca
le
is
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
as
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
.
Af
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
,
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
e
with
th
e
GR
E
I
T
,
Sh
ef
f
ield
B
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
,
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
I
n
v
e
r
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ac
q
u
ir
ed
a
n
d
it
s
h
o
ws
th
e
2
D
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
t
u
m
o
r
.
W
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
a
m
esh
g
en
er
ato
r
f
o
r
m
ak
in
g
a
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
a
s
u
p
er
f
icial
lev
el
d
ata,
c
o
d
e
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
a
p
er
f
ec
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
cr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
E
I
T
im
ag
es in
g
eo
m
et
r
ical
s
ettin
g
s
.
W
e
also
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
ev
ices to
s
h
o
w
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
im
ag
es.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
E
DI
OR
S
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
es
an
d
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
ca
r
cin
o
g
e
n
ic
tis
s
u
e
ar
e
v
i
s
ib
ly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
im
ag
es
o
f
E
I
DORS
.
T
h
e
b
l
u
e
s
h
ad
in
g
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
less
en
in
g
o
f
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
.
I
n
th
is
way
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
im
p
u
r
ities
(
m
alig
n
an
t
ca
n
ce
r
tu
m
o
r
)
is
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
.
Als
o
,
th
e
r
ed
to
n
e
in
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
d
p
ictu
r
es
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
(
b
en
ig
n
m
alig
n
an
c
y
tu
m
o
r
)
im
p
u
r
ity
.
GR
E
I
T
p
lo
t
s
th
e
s
im
ilar
cu
r
i
o
s
to
‘
b
lo
b
s
’
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
is
is
s
im
p
ler
f
o
r
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
B
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
e
lectrica
l imp
ed
a
n
ce
to
mo
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
N
a
b
a
n
it
a
S
a
h
a
)
249
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
u
ch
b
lo
b
s
a
n
d
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
t
h
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
d
ata
e
r
r
o
r
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
lim
ited
s
h
ap
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject.
Sh
ef
f
ield
b
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
in
cli
n
es
to
p
lo
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ar
tif
ac
ts
to
‘
s
tr
ea
k
s
’
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
ea
k
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tu
m
o
r
an
d
i
n
th
is
m
an
n
er
b
o
n
e
m
alig
n
a
n
cy
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
Sh
ef
f
ield
im
ag
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
s
itio
n
th
a
t
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
d
i
s
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
an
b
o
d
y
is
u
n
if
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
o
f
f
icially
d
en
o
ted
as
c
n
=
B
(
FB
)
-
1
g
n
h
er
e,
‘
c
n
’
a
n
o
r
m
alize
d
im
ag
e
o
f
co
n
d
u
cti
v
ity
v
al
u
es
,
‘
g
n
’
is
a
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
v
ec
to
r
,
‘
F’
th
e
f
o
r
war
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
m
atr
ix
,
wh
ich
tak
es
a
k
n
o
wn
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
to
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
(
g
n
=
Fc
n
)
g
iv
e
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
icity
in
jectio
n
p
attem
s
an
d
‘
B
’
a
b
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
m
atr
i
x
[
3
2
]
.
Ou
tco
m
es
estab
lis
h
th
at
th
e
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ab
le
to
p
r
ec
is
ely
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject,
b
u
t
ex
h
ib
it
less
er
n
o
is
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
as sh
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
with
d
ata
wh
ich
is
av
er
ag
e
d
o
b
s
cu
r
es
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
p
ictu
r
e
cr
o
s
s
wis
e
all
th
e
av
er
ag
ed
d
ata
f
r
a
m
es
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
ca
n
ex
h
ib
it
b
ett
er
n
o
is
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
wh
ich
is
esti
m
ated
f
r
o
m
co
llectiv
e
av
er
ag
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
u
g
g
ested
wh
en
n
o
is
e
lev
els
ar
e
lo
w,
wh
en
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
is
ch
an
g
i
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
ally
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
r
ate,
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
with
weig
h
ted
d
ata
is
a
b
etter
m
eth
o
d
[
3
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
e
of
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
ce
ll
u
s
in
g
GR
E
I
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
e
of
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
ce
ll
u
s
in
g
Sh
ef
f
ield
B
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
e
of
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
ce
ll
u
s
in
g
th
e
Gau
s
s
New
to
n
in
v
e
r
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
4
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
co
m
pa
riso
n
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
th
ese
th
r
ee
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
ese
p
lo
ts
s
h
o
w
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
wee
n
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
co
n
tem
p
latio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
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l.
2
4
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
21
:
24
5
-
25
2
250
in
th
e
wa
k
e
o
f
am
ass
in
g
th
e
to
tal
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I
T
s
y
s
tem
.
E
I
DORS
g
i
v
es
an
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
to
test
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
f
o
r
th
e
GR
E
I
T
al
g
o
r
ith
m
:
Am
p
litu
d
e
(
AR
)
,
p
o
s
itio
n
er
r
o
r
(
PE)
,
r
eso
lu
tio
n
(
R
E
S),
s
h
a
p
e
d
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
SD)
,
an
d
r
in
g
i
n
g
(
R
NG)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
k
ey
co
n
tr
ast
is
th
at
GR
E
I
T
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
a
b
u
n
ch
o
f
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
n
ec
ess
ities
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
d
ep
en
d
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
ly
o
n
t
h
e
b
asic
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
els th
at
ex
p
r
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
ex
p
r
ess
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
of
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
d
ef
in
ed
f
o
r
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
Ph
an
to
m
tu
m
o
r
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
an
d
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
d
estru
cti
v
e
tis
s
u
e
b
ased
o
n
im
p
ed
an
ce
.
I
n
am
p
liit
u
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
at
1
k
Hz
an
d
1
0
0
k
Hz,
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
lo
w
im
p
ed
an
ce
t
u
m
o
r
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
B
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
e
lectrica
l imp
ed
a
n
ce
to
mo
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
N
a
b
a
n
it
a
S
a
h
a
)
251
h
ad
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
co
n
tr
asts
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
tis
s
u
e
lar
g
er
th
an
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
in
im
p
e
d
an
ce
in
th
e
tu
m
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
Sh
ef
f
ield
B
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
an
d
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
,
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
es
illu
s
tr
ate
s
p
atial
n
o
n
-
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
im
a
g
e,
l
o
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
m
a
k
e
ex
p
lan
a
tio
n
o
f
r
eg
i
o
n
al
ai
r
cir
cu
latio
n
to
u
g
h
an
d
er
r
o
r
-
p
r
o
n
e.
GR
E
I
T
m
et
h
o
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
Sh
ef
f
ield
b
ac
k
-
p
r
o
jectio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
well
f
o
r
o
b
jects
o
n
wh
ich
ar
e
f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
lim
it;
clo
s
e
to
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
,
it
cr
ea
tes
s
m
ea
r
in
g
ar
tifa
cts.
GN
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
cr
ea
tes
p
er
f
ec
t
r
in
g
in
g
ar
tifa
cts,
y
et
i
n
an
y
ca
s
e
illu
s
tr
ates
g
r
ea
t
ex
ec
u
tio
n
with
p
er
f
ec
t
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
A
litt
le
le
s
s
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
th
an
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
GR
E
I
T
,
y
et
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
s
tead
y
r
eso
lu
tio
n
with
s
o
s
m
all
r
in
g
in
g
ar
te
f
ac
ts
,
k
ee
p
in
g
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
ites
[
3
3
]
.
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
g
iv
es
u
s
b
etter
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctr
ed
p
ictu
r
es
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize
o
f
tu
m
o
u
r
.
A
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
Sh
ef
f
ield
b
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
th
at
it
is
a
h
in
d
r
an
ce
t
o
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
E
I
T
im
ag
es
s
in
ce
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
t
r
u
cted
im
ag
es
ar
e
n
o
t
d
escr
ib
ed
well.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
GR
E
I
T
m
et
h
o
d
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
As
elec
tr
ical
im
p
ed
an
ce
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
is
a
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
ad
itio
n
-
f
r
ee
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
ati
en
ts
,
it
h
as
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ie
s
o
f
tak
in
g
p
la
ce
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
m
ed
ical
im
ag
i
n
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
n
ea
r
f
u
t
u
r
e.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
im
ag
es
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
test
ed
an
d
v
er
if
ied
o
n
a
p
h
an
to
m
m
o
d
el
o
f
b
o
n
e
an
d
t
h
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
p
r
ec
is
ely
to
i
d
en
t
if
y
th
eir
s
u
itab
ilit
y
in
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
lim
itat
io
n
s
o
f
Sh
ef
f
ield
b
ac
k
p
r
o
jectio
n
a
n
d
Gau
s
s
-
New
to
n
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
e
d
b
y
GR
E
I
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
ese
o
b
s
e
r
v
atio
n
s
ar
e
f
e
asib
le
ab
le
to
o
p
en
a
n
ew
er
a
in
t
h
e
d
etec
t
io
n
o
f
b
o
n
e
ca
n
ce
r
.
I
t is an
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
ject
an
d
it
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
a
r
ea
l
b
o
n
e
in
f
u
tu
r
e
.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e,
n
o
is
e
r
em
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
c
an
b
e
d
o
n
e.
So
m
e
s
tu
d
y
to
id
e
n
tify
t
h
e
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
es
a
n
d
r
em
o
v
e
t
h
ese
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
also
in
f
u
tu
r
e
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lt.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B.
K.
Ed
wa
rd
s
,
et
a
l.
,
“
An
n
u
a
l
r
e
p
o
rt
to
th
e
n
a
ti
o
n
on
th
e
sta
t
u
s
of
c
a
n
c
e
r,
1
9
7
5
-
2
0
0
6
,
fe
a
tu
ri
n
g
c
o
lo
re
c
tal
c
a
n
c
e
r
tren
d
s
a
n
d
imp
a
c
t
of
i
n
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
s
(risk
fa
c
to
rs,
sc
re
e
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
trea
tme
n
t)
to
re
d
u
c
e
fu
tu
re
ra
tes
,
”
Ca
n
c
e
r
,
v
o
l.
1
1
6
,
no.
3,
p
p
.
5
4
4
-
5
7
3
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/cn
c
r.
2
4
7
6
0
.
[2
]
A.
Ad
ler
a
n
d
A.
Bo
y
le,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
To
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
:
Ti
ss
u
e
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
to
Im
a
g
e
M
e
a
su
re
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
on
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
64,
n
o
.
11,
p
p
.
2
4
9
4
-
2
5
0
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
BM
E
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
2
8
3
2
3
.
[3
]
V.
S
a
ro
d
e
,
P.
M.
C
h
imu
rk
a
r,
a
n
d
A.
N.
C
h
e
e
ra
n
,
“
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
(E
it
)
Ba
se
d
M
e
d
ica
l
Im
a
g
i
n
g
Us
in
g
F
i
n
it
e
El
e
m
e
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
(
F
e
m
),
”
In
t.
J.
En
g
.
S
c
i
.
Eme
rg
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1,
no.
2,
p
p
.
83
-
89,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
7
3
2
3
/
ij
e
se
t/
v
1
_
i2
_
1
0
.
[4
]
M.
Al
A
h
m
a
d
,
Z.
Al
Na
to
u
r,
F.
M
u
sta
fa
,
a
n
d
T.
A.
Rizv
i,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
of
No
rm
a
l
a
n
d
Ca
n
c
e
r
Ce
ll
s,”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
6,
n
o
.
c,
pp.
2
5
9
7
9
-
2
5
9
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ACCES
S
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
3
0
8
8
3
.
[5
]
R.
P.
He
n
d
e
rso
n
a
n
d
J.
G.
Web
ste
r,
“
An
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
Ca
m
e
r
a
fo
r
S
p
a
ti
a
ll
y
S
p
e
c
ifi
c
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
of
th
e
Th
o
ra
x
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
B
io
me
d
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
B
M
E
-
2
5
,
no.
3,
p
p
.
2
5
0
-
2
5
4
,
1
9
7
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
B
M
E.
1
9
7
8
.
3
2
6
3
2
9
.
[6
]
S
.
S
m
it
h
,
H.
W
u
,
a
n
d
J.
Jia
,
"
L
o
w
Co
st
I
n
stru
m
e
n
tati
o
n
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
To
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
i
n
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
"
S
c
ien
c
e
Op
e
n
Po
st
e
rs
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
4
2
9
3
/P
2
1
9
9
-
8
4
4
2
.
1
.
S
OP
-
ENG
.
P
S
M
G
XT.
v
1
.
[7
]
I.
F
re
rich
s,
P.
A.
Da
rg
a
v
il
le,
T.
Du
d
y
k
e
v
y
c
h
,
a
n
d
P.
C.
Rim
e
n
sb
e
rg
e
r,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
t
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
:
A
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
re
g
i
o
n
a
l
l
u
n
g
a
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
ti
d
a
l
v
o
l
u
m
e
d
is
tri
b
u
t
io
n
?
,
”
In
ten
siv
e
Ca
re
M
e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
pp.
2
3
1
2
-
2
3
1
6
,
2
0
0
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s0
0
1
3
4
-
0
0
3
-
2
0
2
9
-
z.
[8
]
I.
F
re
rich
s
et
a
l.
,
“
Re
g
i
o
n
a
l
l
u
n
g
p
e
rfu
sio
n
as
d
e
term
in
e
d
by
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
in
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
with
e
lec
tro
n
b
e
a
m
CT
ima
g
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
M
e
d
.
Ima
g
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
6,
p
p
.
6
4
6
-
6
5
2
,
2
0
0
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TM
I.
2
0
0
2
.
8
0
0
5
8
5
.
[9
]
M.
As
se
n
h
e
ime
r
et
a
l.
,
“
Th
e
T
-
S
CAN
TM
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
:
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
as
a
d
iag
n
o
stic
to
o
l
fo
r
b
re
a
st
c
a
n
c
e
r
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
P
h
y
sio
l
.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
.
1
-
8,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
0
]
V.
Ch
e
re
p
e
n
i
n
et
a
l
.
,
“A
3D
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
t
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
(EI
T)
sy
ste
m
fo
r
b
re
a
st
c
a
n
c
e
r
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
Ph
y
si
o
l.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
.
9
-
1
8
,
2
0
0
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
0
9
6
7
-
3
3
3
4
/2
2
/1
/
3
0
2
.
[1
1
]
A.
Bo
rsic
,
R.
Ha
lt
e
r,
Y.
Wan
,
A.
Ha
rto
v
,
a
n
d
K.
D.
P
a
u
lse
n
,
“
S
e
n
siti
v
i
ty
st
u
d
y
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
of
a
3D
e
lec
tri
c
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
p
ro
sta
te
p
ro
b
e
,
”
P
h
y
sio
l.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
no.
6,
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/0
9
6
7
-
3
3
3
4
/3
0
/6
/
S
0
1
.
[1
2
]
R.
J.
Ha
lt
e
r,
A.
Ha
rto
v
,
J.
A.
He
a
n
e
y
,
K.
D.
P
a
u
lse
n
,
a
n
d
A.
R.
S
c
h
n
e
d
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
of
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
p
r
o
sta
te,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Bi
o
me
d
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
54,
n
o
.
7,
p
p
.
1
3
2
1
-
1
3
2
7
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TBM
E.
2
0
0
7
.
8
9
7
3
3
1
.
[1
3
]
H.
S
e
a
rc
h
,
C.
Jo
u
rn
a
ls,
A.
Co
n
t
a
c
t,
M.
Io
p
sc
ien
c
e
,
a
n
d
I.
P.
Ad
d
re
ss
,
“
Ap
p
li
e
d
p
o
te
n
ti
a
l
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
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Ph
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4
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A
.
Ad
ler,
M
.
F
a
u
l
k
n
e
r,
K
.
Arist
o
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ich
,
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.
Ha
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n
,
J
.
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v
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ry
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ti
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Co
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on
Bi
o
me
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Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
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e
c
t
ric
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l
Imp
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d
a
n
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T
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ra
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y
,
Th
a
y
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r
S
c
h
o
o
l
of
En
g
i
n
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e
rin
g
at
Da
rtmo
u
t
h
Ha
n
o
v
e
r,
Ne
w
H
a
m
p
sh
ire,
USA,
Ju
n
e
21
-
24,
2
0
1
7
,
pp.
1
-
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[1
5
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F.
P
e
rier
et
a
l
.
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
im
p
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ra
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.
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Arp
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S.
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i
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a
n
d
T.
Id
e
,
“
El
e
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tri
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a
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o
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ra
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rn
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g
,
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EE
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.
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.
[1
8
]
Z.
Li,
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
D.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
J.
D
u
,
“
CT
Im
a
g
e
-
G
u
id
e
d
El
e
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tri
c
a
l
Im
p
e
d
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n
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e
To
m
o
g
ra
p
h
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fo
r
M
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d
ica
l
Im
a
g
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
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n
s.
M
e
d
.
Im
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g
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l.
3
9
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o
.
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I
.
2
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9
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9
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7
0
.
[1
9
]
J.
Jo
ss
in
e
t,
“
Th
e
imp
e
d
iv
it
y
of
fre
sh
ly
e
x
c
ise
d
h
u
m
a
n
b
re
a
st
ti
ss
u
e
,
”
Ph
y
sio
l.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
.
61
-
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5
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9
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o
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7
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3
3
3
4
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9
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1
/0
0
6
.
[2
0
]
B.
S
c
h
o
lz
a
n
d
R.
An
d
e
rso
n
,
“
On
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
sc
a
n
n
in
g
-
p
rin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
sim
u
lati
o
n
s,”
El
e
c
tro
me
d
ica
,
v
o
l
.
68,
p
p
.
35
-
4
4
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
1
]
A.
Ad
ler
a
n
d
W.
R.
B.
Li
o
n
h
e
a
rt,
“
EIDORS:
To
wa
rd
s
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
-
b
a
se
d
e
x
ten
si
b
le
so
f
twa
re
b
a
se
fo
r
EIT
,
”
6
t
h
Co
n
f.
Bi
o
me
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
El
e
c
tr.
Imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
T
o
mo
g
r.
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n
d
o
n
,
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,
2
0
0
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,
p
p
.
1
-
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[2
2
]
A.
Ad
ler
a
n
d
W.
R.
B.
L
io
n
h
e
a
r
t,
“
Us
e
s
a
n
d
a
b
u
se
s
of
EIDORS:
An
e
x
ten
si
b
le
so
ftwa
re
b
a
se
fo
r
EIT
,
”
Ph
y
sio
l.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
5,
2
0
0
6
,
d
o
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8
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9
6
7
-
3
3
3
4
/
2
7
/
5
/S
0
3
.
[2
3
]
M.
Va
u
h
k
o
n
e
n
,
W.
R.
B.
Li
o
n
h
e
a
rt,
L.
M.
He
ik
k
i
n
e
n
,
P.
J.
Va
u
h
k
o
n
e
n
,
a
n
d
J.
P.
Ka
ip
i
o
,
“A
M
AT
L
AB
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
fo
r
th
e
EIDORS
p
r
o
jec
t
to
re
c
o
n
str
u
c
t
two
-
d
ime
n
si
o
n
a
l
EIT
ima
g
e
s,”
Ph
y
sio
l.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
.
107
-
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0
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o
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8
8
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9
6
7
-
3
3
3
4
/
2
2
/
1
/3
1
4
.
[2
4
]
X.
Zh
a
n
g
et
a
l
.
,
“A
n
u
m
e
rica
l
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
fo
rwa
rd
p
ro
b
lem
m
o
d
e
l
of
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
to
m
o
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ra
p
h
y
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a
se
d
on
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e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
fi
n
it
e
e
lem
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s.
M
a
g
n
.
,
v
o
l.
50,
no.
2,
p
p
.
1
0
4
5
-
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,
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9
/
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AG
.
2
0
1
3
.
2
2
8
5
1
6
1
.
[2
5
]
Z.
Ji
a
n
d
C.
L.
Bra
c
e
,
“
Ex
p
a
n
d
e
d
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
of
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
d
iele
c
tri
c
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
fo
r
m
icro
wa
v
e
th
e
rm
a
l
a
b
latio
n
,
”
Ph
y
s.
M
e
d
.
Bi
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
5
2
4
9
-
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o
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8
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0
0
3
1
-
9
1
5
5
/5
6
/1
6
/0
1
1
.
[2
6
]
V.
Lo
p
re
sto
,
R.
P
i
n
to
,
a
n
d
M.
Ca
v
a
g
n
a
ro
,
“
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
c
h
a
ra
c
terisa
ti
o
n
of
th
e
t
h
e
rm
a
l
les
io
n
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
by
m
icro
wa
v
e
a
b
latio
n
,
”
In
t
.
J.
Hy
p
e
rth
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
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o
.
2,
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p
.
1
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0
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4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
1
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5
6
7
3
6
.
2
0
1
3
.
8
7
9
7
4
4
.
[2
7
]
A.
P.
O’R
o
u
r
k
e
et
a
l
.
,
“
Die
lec
tri
c
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
of
h
u
m
a
n
n
o
rm
a
l,
m
a
li
g
n
a
n
t
a
n
d
c
irrh
o
ti
c
li
v
e
r
ti
ss
u
e
:
In
v
iv
o
a
n
d
ex
v
iv
o
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
fro
m
0
.
5
to
20
G
Hz
u
sin
g
a
p
re
c
isio
n
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
c
o
a
x
ial
p
ro
b
e
,
”
P
h
y
s.
M
e
d
.
B
io
l.
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
15,
p
p
.
4
7
0
7
-
4
7
1
9
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
0
0
3
1
-
9
1
5
5
/
5
2
/
1
5
/0
2
2
.
[2
8
]
T.
K.
Be
ra
a
n
d
J.
Na
g
a
ra
j
u
,
“
Re
si
stiv
it
y
ima
g
i
n
g
of
a
re
c
o
n
fig
u
ra
b
l
e
p
h
a
n
to
m
wit
h
c
ircu
lar
i
n
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
ies
in
2D
-
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
”
M
e
a
s.
J.
In
t.
M
e
a
s.
Co
n
fe
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
3,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
518
-
5
2
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t.
2
0
1
0
.
1
1
.
0
1
5
.
[2
9
]
C.
Dim
a
s,
P.
P.
S
o
ti
riad
is,
a
n
d
A.
H.
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
To
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
Im
a
g
e
R
e
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Ad
jac
e
n
t
a
n
d
O
p
p
o
site
S
trate
g
y
u
sin
g
F
EM
M
a
n
d
EIDORS
S
imu
la
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
ls,”
2
0
1
8
7
th
In
t.
C
o
n
f.
M
o
d
.
Circ
u
it
s
S
y
st.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
4,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/M
OCA
S
T.
2
0
1
8
.
8
3
7
6
6
0
4
.
[3
0
]
R.
S.
Lo
t
ti
,
A.
W.
M
a
c
h
a
d
o
,
Ê.
T.
M
a
z
z
ieiro
,
a
n
d
J.
Lan
d
re
Jú
n
io
r,
“
Ap
li
c
a
b
il
i
d
a
d
e
c
ien
tí
fica
do
m
é
to
d
o
d
o
s
e
lem
e
n
to
s
fin
i
to
s,”
Rev
.
De
n
t.
Pr
e
ss
Or
to
d
.
e
Or
to
p
.
Fa
c
i
a
l
,
v
o
l.
11,
n
o
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