Ind
o
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o
f
E
le
ctric
a
l E
n
g
in
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r
ing
and
C
o
mp
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S
c
ienc
e
V
ol
. 8
,
No.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
20
17
, p
p
.
6
67
~
6
69
DO
I: 1
0.
11
5
91
/
i
j
ee
c
s
.v
8
.
i
3
.
pp
66
7
-
66
9
6
67
Rec
ei
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ed
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t
1
1
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1
7
;
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c
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p
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n De
v
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m
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itim
e
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mm
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am
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t
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d
b
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e
tt
i
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p
Ba
s
e
St
a
ti
o
n
s
(BS)
o
n
th
e
g
ro
u
n
d
.
B
u
t
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
to
m
a
r
i
ti
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e
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o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
wi
n
g
t
o
th
e
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
o
n
s
tr
a
i
n
e
d
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
o
c
e
a
n
,
h
e
n
c
e
f
o
rth
,
M
F/
HF
m
o
d
e
m
s
,
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
-
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
t
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
ri
s
ti
c
s
wi
th
l
o
w
d
a
ta
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ra
te
a
re
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
m
a
ri
ti
m
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
q
u
é
.
In
m
a
r
s
a
t
i
s
c
o
n
s
e
rv
a
ti
v
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
M
a
ri
ti
m
e
s
a
te
l
l
i
te
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
q
u
é
i
n
o
rd
e
r
to
re
i
m
b
u
rs
e
fo
r
l
o
w
d
a
ta
-
r
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te
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
M
F/
HF
m
o
d
e
m
s
,
b
u
t
i
t
s
m
a
i
n
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
a
s
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e
c
t
i
s
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i
g
h
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o
s
t.
T
o
i
m
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ro
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th
e
tra
n
s
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i
s
s
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o
n
s
p
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d
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l
o
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h
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o
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ri
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e
,
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e
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e
ra
l
,
a
n
e
two
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k
who
s
e
a
r
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h
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te
c
t
u
re
i
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
to
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h
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c
u
l
a
r
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d
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o
c
Net
wor
k
(V
ANET),
th
a
t
p
e
rm
i
ts
p
e
e
r
-
to
-
p
e
e
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tra
n
s
p
o
rta
t
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wit
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o
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t
BS,
i
.e
.,
a
d
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o
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e
two
rk
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s
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ri
t
i
c
a
l
.
An
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
two
r
k
fo
r
n
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t
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c
a
l
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ro
n
m
e
n
t
n
a
m
e
d
a
s
Nau
ti
c
a
l
A
d
-
h
o
c
Ne
two
r
k
(NAN
ET)
was
p
ro
p
o
s
e
d
.
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
n
d
d
u
p
l
e
x
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
re
u
s
e
d
to
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
th
e
n
a
u
ti
c
a
l
n
e
two
rk
f
o
r
c
o
rre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
NA
NET s
c
e
n
a
ri
o
s
.
Key
w
ords
:
Hig
h
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
Cod
e
Di
v
i
s
i
o
n
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
A
c
c
e
s
s
/Co
l
l
i
s
i
o
n
Av
o
i
d
a
n
c
e
,
NAN
ET.
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
7
I
ns
titu
t
e
o
f
Adv
a
nc
e
d
Eng
i
ne
e
ring
a
nd
Sc
ie
nc
e
.
All
righ
t
s
re
s
e
rve
d.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
A
t
pres
e
nt,
HF
a
nd
V
er
y
Hi
gh
F
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
(
V
HF
)
ba
nd
s
are
us
ed
f
or
the
na
v
a
l
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ati
on
.
A
t
y
p
i
c
al
ex
am
pl
e
of
P
A
CT
O
R
-
III
i
s
c
on
s
i
d
ered
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
tr
uc
ture
us
i
n
g
HF
ba
nd
an
d
i
ts
t
y
p
i
c
al
c
ov
erage
l
i
es
be
t
ween
4,
00
0
k
m
an
d
40
,00
0
k
m
.
Dev
el
o
pm
en
t
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
A
IS
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
o
ns
as
an
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t
too
l
f
or
v
es
s
el
tr
af
f
i
c
s
erv
i
c
e
i
s
di
s
c
us
s
ed
b
y
[1
].
A
no
t
he
r
ex
am
pl
e
of
na
v
al
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
i
s
A
ut
om
ati
c
i
de
nti
f
i
c
ati
on
s
y
s
tem
(
A
IS
)
ut
i
l
i
s
ed
wi
th
th
e
he
l
p
of
V
HF
ba
nd
,
whi
c
h
t
ak
es
up
S
e
l
f
-
O
r
ga
ni
z
ed
T
i
m
e
Di
v
i
s
i
on
M
ul
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
es
s
(
S
O
T
DMA
)
to
th
war
t
c
on
f
l
i
c
t
an
d
s
af
et
y
i
nf
or
m
ati
on
ab
ou
t
th
e
s
hi
ps
ar
e
prov
i
de
d
f
or
s
af
et
y
tr
an
s
po
r
t
ati
on
s
.
M
od
ul
at
i
o
n
c
od
i
ng
s
c
he
m
es
f
or
ad
ap
ti
v
e
HF
da
ta
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
y
s
tem
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
b
y
[2]
.
T
o
m
ai
nta
i
n
el
ev
ate
d
da
t
a
r
ate
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
,
s
ate
l
l
i
te
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
y
s
tem
i
s
uti
l
i
s
ed
t
ha
t
c
os
ts
m
ore
ex
pe
ns
es
on
a
nn
o
un
c
em
en
t
an
d
en
d
p
i
ec
e
of
eq
u
i
pm
en
t
de
p
l
o
y
m
en
t.
Com
pa
r
ati
v
e
p
erf
or
m
an
c
e
ev
al
ua
t
i
on
of
M
A
C
proto
c
ol
s
i
n
a
d
h
oc
ne
t
w
ork
s
wi
th
ba
nd
wi
dt
h
pa
r
ti
t
i
on
i
n
g
i
s
ex
p
l
ai
ne
d
b
y
[3]
.
A
t
th
e
m
o
m
en
t,
s
ev
era
l
r
es
ea
r
c
he
s
ex
p
l
ore
the
l
o
w
c
os
t
c
l
arif
i
c
ati
on
t
o
t
he
el
e
v
at
ed
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
on
the
oc
ea
n.
Hi
gh
s
pe
e
d
m
arit
i
m
e
m
es
h
ne
t
w
ork
s
are
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
b
y
[4]
.
T
RIT
O
N
proj
ec
t
i
n
S
i
ng
ap
ore
uti
l
i
s
es
,
r
es
e
arc
he
r
s
are
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
bu
i
l
d
up
a
s
y
s
tem
ba
s
ed
o
n
the
IE
E
E
80
2.1
6
i
nte
r
c
on
ne
c
t
m
od
e
an
d
th
e
80
2.1
6
e
s
tan
d
ard
wi
th
hi
g
he
r
da
ta
r
ate
an
d
up
to
15
0k
m
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
r
an
ge
f
r
om
the
po
r
ts
.
Li
nk
ed
w
ate
r
s
ar
e
di
s
c
us
s
ed
b
y
[
5].
In
th
e
80
2
.16
Me
s
h
m
od
es
are
propo
s
ed
to
be
us
ed
i
n
m
arit
i
m
e
i
nf
r
as
tr
uc
ture.
I
n
the
c
as
e
of
po
r
t
c
o
m
m
un
i
qu
é,
i
t
i
s
po
ten
t
i
a
l
to
ap
pl
y
the
i
m
pl
em
en
ted
gl
o
ba
l
wi
r
el
es
s
c
o
m
m
un
i
qu
é
s
y
s
tem
wi
th
ad
de
d
de
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
of
B
as
e
S
tat
i
on
on
th
e
c
oa
s
t,
e
.g.
,
W
i
r
el
es
s
-
broad
ba
n
d
-
ac
c
es
s
f
or
S
ea
P
ort
(
W
IS
E
P
O
RT
)
.
Rout
i
ng
i
n
v
eh
i
c
ul
ar
ad
h
oc
ne
t
w
or
k
s
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
b
y
[
6].
Ho
wev
er
i
t
i
s
n
ot
ac
hi
e
v
a
bl
e
to
de
pl
o
y
B
S
o
n
t
he
s
ea
an
d
i
n
t
he
c
as
e
of
ne
ar
s
ho
r
e
a
nd
on
the
s
ea
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
.
T
o
de
f
ea
t
thi
s
,
m
es
h
an
d
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
wor
k
s
t
r
uc
ture
are
m
od
i
f
i
ed
,
whi
c
h
ha
v
e
t
o
be
l
i
ev
e
th
e
prec
i
s
e
f
ac
tors
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
c
om
m
un
i
q
ué
,
s
uc
h
as
m
ob
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
t
he
f
orw
arde
d
pa
th
of
the
s
h
i
p
,
s
hi
p
c
om
pa
c
tne
s
s
on
th
e
s
ea
,
a
nd
oc
e
an
wav
e
v
aria
ti
on
,
etc
.
Mo
b
i
l
e
s
ate
l
l
i
t
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
ns
an
d
ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
-
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
prot
oc
ol
arc
hi
t
ec
ture
are
d
i
s
c
us
s
ed
b
y
[7]
[8]
.
T
he
draw
b
ac
k
of
Me
s
h/a
d
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
or
k
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
c
an
be
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
b
y
us
i
ng
NA
N
E
T
,
whi
c
h
i
nc
l
ud
es
m
an
i
f
ol
d
ac
c
es
s
an
d
du
p
l
ex
i
ng
s
c
he
m
es
f
or
NA
NE
T
to
s
up
p
ort
t
he
f
urther r
es
ea
r
c
h.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4
75
2
IJE
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CS
V
ol
.
8
,
N
o.
3
,
Dec
em
be
r
2017:
667
–
6
69
668
2.
Requ
i
r
ement
s
f
o
r
M
ar
it
ime W
ir
e
les
s Com
mu
n
ic
a
t
ion
s
T
he
f
un
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ti
on
of
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tec
t
i
on
,
tr
ac
k
i
ng
,
an
d
ex
am
i
na
t
i
o
n
pres
e
nte
d
b
y
m
arit
i
m
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
c
he
m
e
i
s
i
nc
r
ed
i
b
l
y
i
m
pe
r
ati
v
e
f
or
the
pr
ote
c
ti
v
e
s
ai
l
i
ng
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
or
m
ati
on
be
t
w
ee
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s
hi
ps
,
i
.e.
,
E
-
m
ai
l
,
S
ho
r
t
Me
s
s
ag
e
S
er
v
i
c
e
(
S
M
S
)
,
an
d
etc
,
are
es
s
en
ti
a
l
.
E
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
d
os
e
r
ed
uc
ti
on
t
hrou
gh
v
e
nti
l
at
i
o
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s
c
he
m
e
i
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s
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T
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en
s
e
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s
tr
i
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on
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s
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ps
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ta
k
en
i
nto
c
on
s
i
de
r
at
i
o
n
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
e
d
tha
t
th
e
m
aj
or
i
t
y
s
hi
ps
ha
v
e
s
up
pl
em
en
tar
y
th
an
o
ne
s
hi
p
wi
th
i
n
the
r
em
ote
ne
s
s
of
30
k
m
to
i
ts
el
f
,
ge
ne
r
a
l
l
y
50
k
m
.
In
the
c
as
e
of
V
HF
ba
nd
m
od
em
,
i
t
c
an
c
ov
er
30
k
m
w
i
th
the
da
ta
r
ate
of
9.6
~
14
.
4k
bp
s
.
If
on
e
s
hi
p
ha
s
ne
i
gh
b
ou
r
i
ng
s
h
i
p
s
urr
ou
n
d
ed
b
y
30
k
m
,
the
m
es
h
or
a
d
-
ho
c
n
et
w
ork
c
an
b
e
p
ut
u
p
b
y
m
ul
ti
-
h
op
c
on
ne
c
ti
on
s
.
B
ut
c
o
nd
i
ti
o
n
f
ol
l
o
w
s
i
f
no
ne
i
gh
bo
ur
i
ng
s
hi
p
s
urr
o
un
d
ed
b
y
3
0k
m
;
i
t’
s
un
att
a
i
n
ab
l
e
to
c
r
ea
te
t
he
m
es
h
or
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
wor
k
.
It
us
es
HF
ba
nd
m
od
em
b
y
i
m
pl
em
en
ti
ng
du
a
l
m
od
e o
pe
r
ati
on
.
2.1.
N
A
N
E
T
S
t
r
u
ctu
r
al
D
e
sign
in S
h
o
r
e:
If
the
s
hi
p
f
al
l
s
un
de
r
the
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
on
t
he
n
i
t
c
an
be
ab
l
e
to
ex
c
ha
n
ge
i
nf
or
m
ati
on
di
r
ec
tl
y
w
i
th
B
S
.
Ne
v
ert
he
l
es
s
,
i
f
a
s
hi
p
m
ov
es
ou
t
er
f
r
o
m
the
c
ov
era
ge
are
a
of
B
S
,
Me
s
h
s
y
s
t
em
ha
v
e
to
be
c
on
f
i
g
ured
w
i
t
h
ers
t
w
h
i
l
e
s
h
i
ps
or
bu
o
y
A
c
c
es
s
P
oi
nt
(
A
P
)
du
e
to
t
he
no
na
pp
e
aranc
e
of
s
tr
ai
gh
t
as
s
oc
i
ati
on
t
o
th
e
B
S
.
T
he
n
et
w
ork
arc
hi
tec
ture
f
o
r
the
m
arit
i
m
e
wi
r
el
es
s
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
ns
of
th
e
s
h
ore i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n t
he
f
i
gu
r
e 1
.
T
he
do
tt
ed
l
i
ne
s
a
n
d s
ol
i
d
l
i
n
es
i
n
F
i
g.
1
s
i
g
ni
f
y
t
he
V
HF
b
an
d
l
i
nk
f
or
the
m
arit
i
m
e
c
o
m
mu
ni
c
at
i
o
ns
an
d
th
e
UHF
ba
nd
l
i
nk
f
or
the
terr
es
tr
i
al
,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
2.2.
N
A
N
E
T
S
t
r
u
ctu
r
al
D
e
sign
in O
ce
an:
B
S
i
s
ab
s
e
nt
i
n
t
he
c
as
e
o
f
NA
NE
T
oc
ea
n
arc
hi
tec
t
ure
of
the
ne
t
wor
k
,
f
or
the
r
ea
s
on
tha
t
t
he
oc
ea
n
i
s
t
oo
f
ar
f
r
om
the
ground
terr
i
t
or
y
an
d
i
t
i
s
n
ot
s
en
s
i
bl
e
to
s
et
u
p
B
S
o
n
th
e
s
ea
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
l
t,
ad
-
h
oc
ne
t
w
or
k
i
s
proj
ec
ted
to
be
ap
pl
i
ed
,
w
h
i
c
h
n
ec
es
s
i
tat
es
no
B
S
’
s
f
or
pe
er
-
to
-
pee
r
c
on
ne
c
t
i
on
s
.
Di
s
ti
nc
t
t
he
M
es
h
n
et
wor
k
i
n
the
s
h
ore,
th
ere
i
s
no
r
ea
di
l
y
a
v
ai
l
ab
l
e
l
i
nk
to
B
S
b
y
m
ul
ti
-
ho
p.
If
the
r
e
i
s
n
o
s
hi
p
wi
th
i
n
th
e
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
c
o
v
era
ge
area
d
i
s
tan
c
e
of
v
er
y
hi
gh
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
b
an
d
m
od
em
th
en
i
t
s
ho
u
l
d
c
om
m
un
i
c
ate
us
i
ng
the
ac
ti
v
e
H
F
ba
nd
m
od
e
m
.
T
he
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
di
s
tan
c
e
of
HF
ba
n
d
m
od
em
i
s
ap
prox
i
m
ate
l
y
up
t
o
4
0,0
00
k
m
;
he
nc
e
i
t
c
a
n
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ate
i
n a
s
tr
a
i
gh
t l
i
ne
i
th
B
S
f
i
x
ed
i
n
th
e
l
a
nd
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
N
A
N
E
T
S
tr
uc
tural
Des
i
g
n i
n Oc
ea
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJE
E
CS
IS
S
N:
2
50
2
-
4
75
2
Naut
i
c
al
A
d
-
h
oc
Netw
ork
A
pp
l
i
c
ati
on
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t
for
Ma
r
i
t
i
me
…
(
S
am
s
o
n J
os
e
ph
)
669
3.
M
u
lt
iple
A
c
ce
s
s a
n
d
D
u
p
lex
ing
met
h
o
d
s fo
r
M
e
sh Net
w
o
r
k:
T
he
c
hi
ef
di
s
ti
nc
ti
on
am
on
g
m
es
h
an
d
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
wor
k
s
i
s
the
s
ub
s
i
s
ten
c
e
of
B
S
i
n
the
ne
t
w
ork
.
Due
to
th
e
B
S
i
n
Me
s
h
ne
t
wor
k
,
c
en
tr
al
i
z
ed
arr
an
ge
m
en
t
al
go
r
i
t
hm
s
f
or
T
i
m
e
Di
v
i
s
i
o
n
Mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
A
c
c
es
s
(
T
DMA
)
,
F
r
eq
ue
nc
y
D
i
v
i
s
i
on
Mu
l
ti
pl
e
A
c
c
es
s
(
F
DM
A
)
a
nd
c
o
ng
es
ti
on
f
r
ee
m
ul
ti
pl
e
ac
c
es
s
es
c
an
be
u
s
ed
.
3.1
. M
u
lt
iple
A
c
ce
ss
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
M
es
h
Netw
o
r
k
In
Me
s
h
c
as
es
,
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
o
n
uti
l
i
z
es
c
en
tr
a
l
i
z
ed
arr
a
n
ge
m
en
t
s
c
he
m
es
,
s
uc
h
as
T
DMA
,
F
DMA
an
d
Co
de
Di
v
i
s
i
on
Mu
l
ti
pl
e
A
c
c
es
s
(
CDMA
)
ba
s
ed
Co
nte
nti
on
-
f
r
ee
M
ul
t
i
pl
e
A
c
c
es
s
m
eth
od
s
.
M
-
W
i
MA
X
i
s
s
el
ec
ted
f
or
the
ba
s
e
l
i
ne
P
H
Y
l
a
y
er,
a
nd
f
ea
t
ures
of
T
D
MA
an
d
F
D
MA
are an
al
y
s
ed
.
3.3
. Dup
l
ex
ing
S
chem
es
f
o
r
M
es
h
Netw
o
r
k
T
he
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
be
t
w
ee
n
F
r
eq
ue
nc
y
D
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
Dup
l
ex
i
ng
(
F
DD)
an
d
T
i
m
e
D
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
Dupl
ex
i
n
g
(
T
DD)
are
an
al
y
s
ed
f
or
du
pl
ex
i
ng
m
eth
o
d.
T
he
ad
de
d
c
arr
i
er
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
i
n
F
DD
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
th
e
h
i
gh
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
r
ate
i
n
t
hi
s
m
eth
od
.
Ne
v
erth
el
es
s
,
the
ad
de
d
c
arr
i
er
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
i
s
ex
pe
ns
i
v
e
an
d
the
s
i
m
ul
tan
e
ou
s
broa
dc
as
t
an
d
r
es
po
ns
e
r
oo
ts
to
m
ore
ha
r
dw
ar
e
c
o
m
pl
i
c
at
i
on
.
In
ord
er
to
ov
erc
om
e
the
c
os
t
an
d
ha
r
d
w
are
c
om
pl
i
c
ati
on
s
,
T
D
D
i
s
us
ed
wi
t
h
l
o
w
er c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
n d
ata
r
ate
c
om
pa
r
ed
i
n t
h
e m
i
ds
t o
f
FD
D.
3.3.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
A
n
al
ys
i
s
o
f
N
A
N
E
T
T
hrough
pu
t
i
s
the
av
erag
e
of
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
da
ta
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
de
l
i
v
ered
t
o
th
e
ba
s
e
s
ta
ti
o
n
w
i
th
hi
g
h
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
r
ate
.
T
he
av
erage
thro
ug
hp
ut
i
s
pred
i
c
tab
l
e
us
i
n
g
eq
ua
t
i
on
1.
0
(
)
*
1000
n
P
k
t
s
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
n
P
k
t
S
i
z
e
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
1)
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
HF
an
d
V
HF
ba
n
ds
ha
v
e
l
on
ge
r
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
r
an
g
e
prop
ert
y
s
i
nc
e
i
t
i
s
us
ed
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
.
A
IS
i
s
de
v
e
l
op
ed
on
l
y
b
ec
a
us
e
th
e
V
HF
i
s
n
ot
r
e
l
e
as
e
d
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
ati
on
s
,
an
d
t
he
f
ac
t
c
ha
ng
es
s
i
nc
e
t
he
w
orld
t
wo
-
wa
y
r
ad
i
o
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
c
on
f
erenc
e
(
W
RC)
20
07
where
th
e
V
HF
ba
n
d
ha
s
b
ee
n
o
wed
f
or
m
arit
i
m
e
i
nf
r
as
tr
uc
ture.
B
y
bu
i
l
d
i
ng
m
es
h
an
d
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
ork
the
ba
s
i
c
s
c
en
ario
of
NA
NE
T
w
i
th
l
o
w
c
os
t
an
d
h
i
gh
d
ata
r
ate
i
n
the
V
HF
b
an
d
are
i
m
pl
e
m
en
ted
.
F
or
h
arbour,
t
he
ex
i
s
t
i
ng
gl
ob
a
l
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
ne
t
wor
k
b
y
i
ns
ta
l
l
i
ng
B
S
ne
ar
the
s
h
ore.
F
or
s
ho
r
e
an
d
oc
ea
n,
m
e
s
h
an
d
a
d
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
ork
i
s
ad
op
t
ed
wi
t
h
T
DMA
/T
DD and
C
S
M
A
/C
A
,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
Ref
er
en
ce
[1
]
S.J
.
Cha
n
g
.
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
AIS
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
s
a
n
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
to
o
l
fo
r
v
e
s
s
e
l
tra
ff
i
c
s
e
rv
i
c
e
.
In
Pr
o
c
.
O
c
e
a
n
s
.
2
0
0
4
:
2
2
4
9
-
2
2
5
3
.
[2
]
Ab
d
Rah
i
m
M
a
t
Si
d
e
k
a
n
d
Ah
m
a
d
Zu
r
i
Sh
a
'
a
m
e
ri
,
Ā
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
d
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
fo
r
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
HF
d
a
t
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
In
Pro
c
.
IEEE
NC
T
T
.
2008
:
2
6
7
-
2
7
2
.
[3
]
Ka
y
n
i
a
M
.,
O
i
e
n
G
.E.
,
J
i
n
d
a
l
N.,
a
n
d
G
e
s
b
e
rt,
D.
Ā
Com
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
AC
p
ro
to
c
o
l
s
i
n
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
two
r
k
s
wit
h
b
a
n
d
wid
th
p
a
rti
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
.
In
Pro
c
.
IEEE
PIM
RC
.
2008.
[4
]
Sh
a
n
k
a
r
Pa
th
m
a
s
u
n
th
a
ra
m
,
J
.,
Pe
n
g
-
Y
o
n
g
K
o
n
g
,
M
i
n
g
-
T
u
o
Zh
o
u
,
Y
u
G
e
,
Ha
i
g
u
a
n
g
W
a
n
g
,
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