I
n
d
on
e
s
i
an
Jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
En
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
V
o
l
.
1
9
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
b
e
r
20
20
,
pp
.
1620
~
162
5
IS
S
N
:
25
02
-
4752
,
D
O
I
:
10.
1
1591
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
19
.i
3
.
pp
162
0
-
162
5
1620
Jou
r
n
al
h
o
m
e
pa
ge
:
ht
t
p:
/
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
i
a
e
s
c
or
e
.
c
om
H
i
g
h
-
S
p
e
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
N
.
A
s
r
i
n
a
R
am
l
e
e
1
,
N
.
A
.
A
h
m
ad
2
,
Z.
A
.
B
ah
a
r
u
d
i
n
3
,
A
.
R
.
M
o
h
am
e
d
4
1
S
c
hoo
l
o
f
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
n
d
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
S
a
r
a
w
a
k,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f
H
i
g
h
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
&
H
i
g
h
C
ur
r
e
n
t
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
no
l
o
g
i
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
3
F
a
kul
t
i
T
e
kno
l
o
g
i
K
e
j
ur
u
t
e
r
a
a
n
E
l
e
kt
r
i
k
&
E
l
e
k
t
r
o
ni
k
,
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
kn
i
ka
l
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
M
e
l
a
ka
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
4
F
a
kul
t
i
T
e
kno
l
o
g
i
K
e
j
ur
u
t
e
r
a
a
n
E
l
e
kt
r
i
k,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
kn
i
k
a
l
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
M
e
l
a
k
a
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
A
r
ti
c
l
e
I
n
fo
A
B
S
TR
A
C
T
Ar
t
i
c
l
e
h
i
s
t
or
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
F
e
b
2
,
20
20
R
e
v
i
s
e
d
M
a
r
20
,
20
20
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
A
p
r
1
2
,
20
20
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
i
s
o
ne
o
f
t
he
c
o
unt
r
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
he
h
i
g
he
s
t
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
s
t
r
i
ke
s
i
nc
i
de
nc
e
i
n
t
he
w
o
r
l
d
.
Y
e
t
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
ns
a
r
e
s
t
i
l
l
t
a
k
i
ng
a
p
r
o
pe
r
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
nd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
a
nne
r
.
T
h
i
s
m
i
g
ht
be
du
e
t
o
l
a
c
k
o
f
kno
w
l
e
dg
e
o
n
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
n
unu
s
ua
l
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
phe
no
m
e
no
n
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
undi
ng
po
i
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
m
i
g
ht
c
a
us
e
a
di
s
a
s
t
r
o
us
e
v
e
nt
,
c
a
l
l
e
d
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
.
T
hr
e
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
pa
t
t
e
r
n
s
o
f
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
w
e
r
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
by
us
i
ng
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
r
a
w
i
t
h
28
00
f
r
a
m
e
pe
r
s
e
c
o
nd.
T
e
m
po
r
a
l
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
he
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
pr
o
g
r
e
s
s
ha
d
be
e
n
c
o
nduc
t
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
ba
s
e
d
o
nl
y
o
n
t
he
r
e
c
o
r
di
ng
s
by
us
i
ng
W
o
nde
r
s
ha
r
e
F
i
l
m
o
r
a
v
i
de
o
e
di
t
o
r
.
T
he
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
i
m
a
g
e
s
w
e
r
e
a
c
qui
r
e
d
a
m
o
ng
37
o
f
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
nt
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
ul
l
y
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
h
e
d
t
he
f
o
r
ke
d
br
a
nc
h
0.
3
5
m
s
be
f
o
r
e
t
he
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
s
e
c
o
nd
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
h
e
d
i
t
s
f
o
r
ke
d
br
a
nc
h
0
.
35
m
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
ke
.
B
o
t
h
f
o
r
ke
d
br
a
nc
he
s
f
o
r
t
hi
r
d
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
o
us
l
y
f
ul
l
y
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
t
ur
n
s
t
r
o
ke
e
v
e
nt
.
O
bv
i
o
us
l
y
,
t
he
s
e
e
v
e
nt
s
ha
d
s
t
r
i
k
i
ng
t
h
e
g
r
o
und
i
n
up
t
o
t
e
n
m
i
l
l
i
s
e
c
o
nds
.
T
hus
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
l
w
a
y
s
a
po
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
t
ha
t
t
he
y
m
i
g
ht
c
a
us
e
s
e
r
i
o
us
da
m
a
g
e
a
nd
s
ho
ul
d
no
t
be
ne
g
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
ni
ng
a
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Ke
y
w
or
d
s
:
F
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
L
i
ght
n
i
ng
t
e
rm
i
na
t
i
o
n
M
ul
t
i
pl
e
g
r
o
u
n
di
ng
po
i
nt
s
R
e
t
urn
s
t
r
o
ke
s
U
n
us
ua
l
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
C
opy
r
i
gh
t
©
2020
I
n
s
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f
A
dv
anc
e
d
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
S
c
i
e
nc
e
.
A
l
l
r
i
gh
t
s
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.
Cor
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g
Au
t
h
or
:
N
.
A
s
r
i
na
R
a
m
l
e
e
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
of
E
ngi
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
nd
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
Co
l
l
e
ge
of
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
S
a
ra
w
a
k,
N
o
.
1,
J
a
l
a
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
,
96
000
S
i
b
u,
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
E
m
a
i
l
:
a
s
r
i
na
@
uc
t
s
.
e
du
.
m
y
1.
I
N
TR
O
D
U
C
TI
O
N
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
l
a
c
k
o
f
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
w
a
re
ne
s
s
a
s
t
he
r
e
a
re
nu
m
b
e
rs
o
f
b
u
i
l
d
i
ng
s
d
i
d
no
t
i
ns
t
a
l
l
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
ro
d
a
t
e
v
e
r
y
c
o
rne
r
o
f
a
c
ub
o
i
d
s
ha
p
e
b
u
i
l
d
i
ng
.
S
i
nc
e
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
w
a
s
re
c
o
g
ni
s
e
d
a
s
t
he
t
h
i
r
d
hi
g
he
s
t
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
ra
t
e
c
o
u
nt
ry
i
n
t
he
w
o
rl
d
[
1
]
,
t
h
i
s
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
v
e
r
y
w
o
r
ry
i
ng
a
nd
p
ro
p
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
ho
u
l
d
b
e
t
a
k
e
n
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
k
no
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
n
l
i
g
h
t
ni
ng
p
ro
p
e
rt
i
e
s
.
F
o
r
i
ns
t
a
nc
e
,
a
re
s
e
a
rc
h
d
o
ne
b
y
P
ha
n
[
2
]
w
a
s
v
e
r
y
us
e
f
u
l
i
n
re
d
u
c
i
ng
nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
f
a
u
l
t
s
i
n
t
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
ne
d
u
e
t
o
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
s
t
ri
k
e
s
.
I
nt
e
re
s
t
i
n
g
l
y
,
a
n
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
nt
a
l
w
o
rk
d
o
ne
b
y
U
l
l
a
h
e
t
a
l
[
3
]
p
ro
v
e
d
t
ha
t
l
i
g
h
t
ni
ng
s
t
ri
k
e
b
e
ha
v
i
o
u
r
w
e
re
d
i
f
f
e
re
nt
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
re
nt
s
t
ru
c
t
u
re
o
f
b
u
i
l
d
i
ng
s
.
T
he
re
f
o
re
,
a
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ho
u
l
d
b
e
i
ns
t
a
l
l
e
d
a
t
a
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
p
a
rt
o
f
a
b
u
i
l
d
i
ng
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
,
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
s
t
ri
k
e
s
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ne
e
d
p
ro
p
e
r
a
nd
g
o
o
d
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
f
o
r
t
he
e
a
rt
hi
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
s
i
n
re
s
e
a
rc
h
re
p
o
rt
e
d
b
y
H
a
s
ni
e
t
a
l
[
4
]
,
b
a
u
x
i
t
e
i
s
m
o
re
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
p
o
rt
a
b
l
e
g
ro
u
nd
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
k
a
o
l
i
n
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
.
T
he
c
o
m
p
a
ri
s
o
n
w
a
s
do
ne
by
u
s
i
ng
t
he
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
l
a
s
ho
v
e
r
d
a
t
a
t
ha
t
s
t
r
i
k
e
t
he
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
g
ro
u
nd
i
ng
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
.
Y
e
t
,
t
he
s
e
re
s
e
a
rc
he
s
m
o
re
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
d
e
s
i
g
ni
ng
e
a
rt
h
i
ng
ro
d
a
nd
s
u
rg
e
a
r
re
s
t
e
r.
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
p
ro
p
e
rt
i
e
s
s
ho
u
l
d
b
e
i
nv
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
d
i
n
m
o
re
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
i
n
o
rd
e
r
t
o
p
ro
v
i
d
e
a
p
ro
p
e
r
l
i
g
h
t
n
i
ng
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
l
i
k
e
c
i
rc
u
i
t
b
re
a
k
e
r
a
nd
s
u
rg
e
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
.
T
he
re
f
o
re
,
m
o
re
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
n
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
a
nd
c
ha
ra
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
nd
u
c
t
e
d
t
o
e
n
ha
nc
e
t
he
k
no
w
l
e
d
ge
o
n
t
he
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
p
ro
p
e
rt
i
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
H
i
gh
-
Sp
e
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
o
bs
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
ns
on
f
or
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
n
M
al
ay
s
i
a
(
N.
A
s
r
i
n
a
R
am
l
e
e
)
1621
A
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
o
f
a
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
c
o
ns
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
na
r
y
b
r
e
a
kdo
w
n,
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
by
s
t
e
p
pe
d
l
e
a
de
r
a
nd
re
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
.
N
o
rm
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
f
i
rs
t
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
i
s
a
l
w
a
y
s
c
o
m
e
i
n
b
ra
nc
hi
ng
c
ha
nne
l
a
nd
o
nl
y
o
n
e
m
a
i
n
c
h
a
n
ne
l
s
t
ri
ke
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
nd
[
5
,
6
]
.
B
u
t
,
i
f
a
b
ra
nc
h
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
t
he
g
r
o
u
nd
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
he
m
a
i
n
c
ha
n
ne
l
f
ul
l
y
ne
u
t
ra
l
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
he
re
t
u
rn
s
t
ro
ke
,
i
t
w
i
l
l
c
re
a
t
e
m
u
l
t
i
pl
e
g
r
o
u
nd
i
ng
t
e
rm
i
na
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
he
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
.
T
hi
s
w
a
s
i
n
f
e
rre
d
i
n
a
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
do
ne
b
y
K
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
f
r
o
m
C
hi
na
b
y
us
i
ng
a
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
[7
]
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
K
o
ng
ha
d
a
n
a
g
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
t
e
a
m
w
h
o
s
e
c
o
nd
uc
t
e
d
m
a
n
y
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
o
n
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
u
nd
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
b
y
us
i
ng
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
s
i
nc
e
2
00
3
[8
-
1
0]
.
A
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
,
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
w
a
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
e
a
rl
y
80
’s
b
y
G
uo
a
nd
K
ri
de
r
[1
1]
t
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
a
f
i
r
s
t
re
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
f
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
e
v
e
nt
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
nd
i
ng
po
i
nt
s
f
r
o
m
t
he
s
a
m
e
s
t
e
p
pe
d
l
e
a
de
r.
V
a
l
i
ne
a
l
s
o
t
e
a
m
e
d
u
p
w
i
t
h
K
ri
de
r
i
n
2
0
02
[
12
]
t
o
a
na
l
y
z
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
ha
t
i
nd
uc
e
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
u
nd
i
n
g
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
.
T
h
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
w
a
s
do
n
e
b
y
us
i
ng
b
o
t
h
v
i
de
o
i
m
a
ge
s
a
nd
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
o
us
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
a
t
a
.
R
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
,
F
a
n
e
t
a
l
[1
3]
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
t
he
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
hre
e
g
r
o
u
nd
i
ng
po
i
nt
s
o
f
a
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
a
v
e
ra
ge
l
y
51
2
.
7
m
.
B
y
us
i
ng
t
h
e
c
o
rre
s
po
n
d
i
ng
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
f
i
e
l
d
d
a
t
a
,
t
h
e
y
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
a
v
e
ra
ge
t
i
m
e
i
nt
e
r
v
a
l
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
he
pu
l
s
e
s
w
a
s
3
.
8
µ
s
.
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
u
nd
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
i
s
i
nde
e
d
m
o
r
e
s
e
v
e
r
e
t
ha
n
a
s
i
ng
l
e
po
i
nt
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
u
nd
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
s
uc
h
a
s
f
o
rk
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
i
s
a
n
i
m
po
rt
a
nt
s
ub
j
e
c
t
t
o
b
e
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
a
nd
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
.
H
i
t
h
e
rt
o
,
t
hi
s
s
ub
j
e
c
t
ha
s
ne
v
e
r
b
e
e
n
r
e
po
rt
e
d
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
.
P
r
e
v
i
o
us
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
do
n
e
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
w
e
r
e
f
o
c
us
i
ng
o
n
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
ri
s
t
i
c
s
b
o
t
h
f
o
r
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
[
1
4
-
16
]
a
nd
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
[
17
,
18
]
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
he
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
a
l
w
o
rks
o
n
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
e
s
do
n
e
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
w
e
r
e
s
e
t
u
p
b
y
us
i
ng
p
a
ra
l
l
e
l
p
l
a
t
a
nt
e
n
na
a
nd
o
s
c
i
l
l
o
s
c
o
pe
t
o
r
e
t
ri
e
v
e
t
he
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
f
i
e
l
d
da
t
a
.
B
y
us
i
ng
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
,
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
p
r
e
s
e
nt
e
d
t
h
e
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
o
f
f
o
rk
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
k
no
w
l
e
d
ge
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
u
nu
s
u
a
l
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
e
v
e
nt
s
.
T
h
e
t
e
m
po
ra
l
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
w
a
s
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
s
o
l
e
l
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
a
m
e
ra
i
m
a
ge
s
.
2.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ET
H
O
D
T
h
e
da
t
a
p
r
e
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
r
e
po
r
t
w
a
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
a
t
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
Ca
m
p
us
,
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
M
e
l
a
ka
(U
T
e
M
).
T
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
w
a
s
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
us
i
n
g
a
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
p
l
a
t
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
w
h
i
c
h
i
nt
e
gra
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
s
pe
e
d
di
gi
t
a
l
v
i
de
o
c
a
m
e
r
a
t
o
a
c
qui
r
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
s
i
g
na
l
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
w
o
r
k
fo
r
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
nna
a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
w
e
r
e
pl
a
c
e
d
a
t
a
pp
r
o
xi
m
a
t
e
l
y
20
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
r
o
o
m
w
h
i
c
h
e
qui
ppe
d
w
i
t
h
P
i
c
o
S
c
o
p
e
a
n
d
P
C
.
T
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
c
i
r
c
ui
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
b
u
ff
e
r
a
n
d
f
a
s
t
f
i
e
l
d
R
C
f
i
l
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
.
R
G
58
c
o
a
xi
a
l
B
N
C
c
a
b
l
e
w
a
s
us
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
t
h
e
a
nt
e
nna
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
t
o
c
o
nn
e
c
t
t
h
e
o
ut
put
o
f
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
a
nd
t
h
e
P
i
c
o
S
c
o
pe
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
r
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
i
c
o
s
c
o
p
e
w
e
r
e
c
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
P
C
v
i
a
U
S
B
c
a
b
l
e
.
T
h
e
pa
ra
l
l
e
l
pl
a
t
e
a
n
t
e
nna
us
e
d
t
o
s
e
n
s
e
f
a
s
t
f
i
e
l
d
r
a
di
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
.
T
h
e
o
ut
put
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
c
i
r
c
ui
t
w
a
s
dri
v
e
n
t
o
a
P
i
c
oS
c
o
pe
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
d
a
t
8
-
b
i
t
r
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
b
a
n
dw
i
dt
h
o
f
20
M
H
z
t
o
200
M
H
z
.
T
h
i
s
a
n
t
e
nn
a
s
e
t
up
w
a
s
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
fy
t
h
e
t
y
pe
of
CG
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d.
W
h
e
t
h
e
r
i
t
w
a
s
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
o
r
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
de
pe
n
ds
o
n
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
pa
t
t
e
rn
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
a
n
d
di
s
p
l
a
y
e
d
b
y
us
i
n
g
P
i
c
o
S
c
o
p
e
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
i
n
P
C.
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
a
d
o
pt
e
d
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
i
c
s
i
g
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
w
o
ul
d
pr
o
duc
e
a
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
f
i
e
l
d
c
h
a
nge
a
n
d
v
i
c
e
ve
r
s
a
.
A
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
,
C
hr
o
n
o
s
m
o
de
l
w
i
t
h
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
f
ra
m
e
r
a
t
e
of
1.
4
gi
ga
p
i
xe
l
s
pe
r
s
e
c
o
n
d
w
a
s
s
e
t
up
t
o
c
a
pt
u
r
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
i
m
a
ge
s
t
h
a
t
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
s
i
m
ul
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
a
c
qui
r
e
d
by
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
nna
.
T
h
e
c
a
m
e
ra
r
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n,
f
ra
m
e
ra
t
e
a
n
d
e
xpo
s
ur
e
w
e
r
e
800
x
600
pi
xe
l
s
,
2800
f
r
a
m
e
pe
r
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
n
d
348
.
06
µ
s
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
E
a
c
h
t
r
i
gge
r
pul
s
e
w
a
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
d
m
a
nua
l
l
y
by
de
pr
e
s
s
i
n
g
a
h
a
nd
-
h
e
l
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
w
h
e
n
a
f
l
a
s
h
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
.
T
hi
s
m
a
n
u
a
l
s
e
t
up
w
a
s
a
ki
n
d
of
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
ge
i
n
c
o
n
duc
t
i
ng
t
h
i
s
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
us
i
n
g
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
.
T
h
e
n,
a
l
l
t
h
e
v
i
de
o
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
w
e
r
e
pl
a
y
e
d
b
a
c
k
by
us
i
n
g
W
o
n
de
r
s
h
a
r
e
F
i
l
m
o
ra
v
i
de
o
e
di
t
o
r
i
n
P
C
a
n
d
t
e
m
po
r
a
l
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
i
m
a
ge
s
w
e
r
e
do
n
e
f
ra
m
e
b
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
i
t
h
1
f
ra
m
e
e
qu
i
v
a
l
e
nt
t
o
348
.
06
µ
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
B
l
o
c
k
di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
a
l
w
o
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
1
9
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
b
e
r
20
20
:
16
20
-
16
2
5
1622
3.
R
ES
U
LTS
A
ND
DISCUSSIO
N
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n,
37
o
f
n
e
ga
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
e
v
e
n
t
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
.
A
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
,
t
h
e
r
e
w
e
r
e
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
by
us
i
ng
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
v
i
de
o
c
a
m
e
r
a
.
F
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
n
g
e
ve
n
t
w
a
s
c
a
t
e
go
ri
z
e
d
a
s
u
n
us
u
a
l
a
s
b
e
a
d
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng,
r
i
b
b
on
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
,
a
n
d
b
a
l
l
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
[
19]
.
T
hi
s
r
e
po
rt
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
t
hr
e
e
fo
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
w
hi
c
h
t
w
o
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
o
c
c
urr
e
d
o
n
26t
h
N
o
ve
m
be
r
2018
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
s
a
m
pl
e
o
c
c
urr
e
d
o
n
7t
h
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2018.
T
h
e
b
ri
g
h
t
e
s
t
o
r
f
l
o
o
de
d
i
m
a
ge
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
e
ve
n
t
a
nd
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
a
t
0
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
n
g
du
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
Co
o
r
a
y
’s
boo
k,
m
e
nt
i
o
n
e
d
a
n
unus
ua
l
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
w
h
i
c
h
d
i
v
i
de
d
l
i
ke
a
f
o
r
k
a
t
i
t
s
l
o
w
e
s
t
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
t
ri
ke
a
t
t
w
o
di
ffe
r
e
nt
po
i
n
t
.
N
o
rm
a
l
l
y
t
w
o
b
r
a
n
c
h
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
t
o
uc
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
i
t
hi
n
f
e
w
m
i
c
r
o
s
e
c
o
n
d
o
f
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
[2
0].
It
i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
fo
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
a
n
d
w
a
s
fo
un
d
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
by
a
f
e
w
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
[
12,
21]
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
a
m
p
l
e
of
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
a
r
o
und
m
i
d
ni
g
h
t
.
T
h
e
s
t
e
p
l
e
a
de
r
s
t
a
rt
e
d
t
o
f
o
r
m
63
m
s
b
e
fo
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
a
s
i
l
l
us
t
ra
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(a
)
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
l
e
a
de
r
b
r
a
n
c
h
i
ng
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
t
e
ppi
ng
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
ur
s
unt
i
l
t
h
e
f
o
r
k
e
d
b
r
a
n
c
h
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
a
t
21
.
2
m
s
b
e
fo
r
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
a
s
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(c
).
In
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(d),
t
h
e
c
o
n
duc
t
i
ng
c
h
a
nn
e
l
b
e
c
a
m
e
b
r
i
g
ht
e
r
a
s
i
t
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
o
un
d
t
o
m
e
e
t
upw
a
r
d
s
t
r
e
a
m
e
r
.
T
h
e
n,
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
f
o
r
m
e
d
a
nd
p
r
o
duc
e
d
f
l
oo
de
d
i
m
a
ge
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
c
o
r
di
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(e
).
F
r
o
m
F
i
gu
r
e
2
(f
)
a
n
d
(g)
c
a
n
b
e
ob
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
b
o
t
h
e
n
ds
t
e
rm
i
na
t
e
d
s
i
m
ul
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
gr
o
u
n
d.
B
o
t
h
e
n
ds
pe
r
s
i
s
t
u
nt
i
l
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
f
ul
l
y
di
s
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
41
.
1
m
s
.
T
hi
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
i
m
a
ge
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
in
S
o
ut
h
D
a
ko
t
a
by
W
a
rn
e
r
[22]
w
h
e
r
e
b
o
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
ke
d
e
nds
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
.
(a
)
[
-
6
3
m
s
]
(b
)
[
-
42
.
1
m
s
]
(c
)
[
-
2
1.
2
m
s
]
(d)
[
-
0
.
35
m
s
]
(e
)
[0
m
s
]
(f
)
[0.
35
m
s
]
(g)
[19
.
8
m
s
]
(h
)
[41
.
1
m
s
]
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
F
i
r
s
t
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
c
c
urr
e
d
o
n
26
t
h
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2018
S
e
c
o
n
d
s
a
m
pl
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
o
c
c
urr
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
270
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
e
v
e
n
t
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d.
T
h
e
y
us
e
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
c
o
n
duc
t
i
ng
c
ha
nn
e
l
.
Y
e
t
,
t
hi
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
h
a
d
l
e
s
s
b
r
a
n
c
hi
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(a
)
.
I
nt
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
gl
y
,
t
h
i
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
s
.
A
s
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
w
a
s
c
a
pt
u
r
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(b
)
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
uppe
r
b
r
a
n
c
h
di
s
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
duri
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
a
n
d
s
t
a
rt
t
o
fo
r
k
t
o
w
a
r
ds
t
h
e
l
e
f
t
s
i
de
o
f
t
h
e
c
ha
nn
e
l
.
I
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(c
)
,
it
p
r
o
duc
e
d
fo
r
ke
d
b
r
a
n
c
h
a
nd
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
0
.
35
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
.
A
f
t
e
r
0.
70
m
s
,
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
b
r
a
n
c
h
d
i
s
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
a
s
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(d)
a
n
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(
e
),
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
H
i
gh
-
Sp
e
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
o
bs
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
ns
on
f
or
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
n
M
al
ay
s
i
a
(
N.
A
s
r
i
n
a
R
am
l
e
e
)
1623
t
h
e
l
e
f
t
b
r
a
n
c
h
b
e
c
a
m
e
m
o
r
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
us
.
T
h
e
n
a
f
t
e
r
20.
54
m
s
of
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(f
),
s
e
c
o
n
d
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
a
n
d
p
r
o
duc
e
d
a
f
l
o
o
d
e
d
i
m
a
ge
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
c
o
r
di
n
g
.
I
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(g),
l
e
f
t
b
r
a
n
c
h
w
a
s
s
t
i
l
l
do
m
i
na
n
t
a
n
d
ri
g
ht
b
ra
n
c
h
n
o
l
o
n
ge
r
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
.
B
e
fo
r
e
di
s
a
ppe
a
r
i
ng,
t
h
e
t
hi
r
d
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
urr
e
d
t
hr
o
ugh
t
h
e
l
e
f
t
b
r
a
n
c
h
c
h
a
nn
e
l
21
.
24
m
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
a
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
(
h
)
.
T
h
i
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
w
a
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
s
do
n
e
i
n
A
r
i
z
o
n
a
b
y
V
a
l
i
n
e
[12]
a
n
d
J
i
a
n
g
[23]
f
r
o
m
C
hi
n
a
.
T
h
e
y
c
a
t
e
go
r
i
z
e
d
t
hi
s
t
y
p
e
of
fo
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
a
s
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
c
ha
nn
e
l
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
a
s
t
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
a
l
t
e
rn
a
t
e
s
t
e
pp
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
a
n
c
h
e
s
s
ha
ri
n
g
a
r
o
o
t
of
t
h
e
c
o
n
duc
t
i
n
g
c
h
a
nn
e
l
.
A
b
r
i
e
f
fo
r
ke
d
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
w
a
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
o
n
7
th
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2018
du
r
i
ng
da
y
t
i
m
e
of
t
h
u
n
de
r
s
t
o
rm
.
B
o
t
h
e
n
ds
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
ke
d
c
o
n
duc
t
i
n
g
c
ha
nn
e
l
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
(a
).
R
e
c
o
r
de
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
(b
),
t
h
e
r
i
g
ht
b
r
a
n
c
h
di
s
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
l
e
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
f
t
s
i
de
j
us
t
w
i
t
h
i
n
0
.
35
m
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
o
c
c
ur
e
d.
I
t
pe
r
s
i
s
t
e
d
u
n
t
i
l
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
c
ha
nn
e
l
b
e
c
a
m
e
l
e
s
s
l
u
m
i
n
o
us
a
s
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
(c
).
T
h
e
n,
i
t
w
a
s
f
ul
l
y
v
a
ni
s
h
e
d
r
i
g
ht
a
f
t
e
r
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
f
r
a
m
e
o
f
r
e
c
o
r
di
n
g
.
T
h
i
s
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
w
a
s
i
de
n
t
i
c
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
by
W
ur
de
n
[2
4]
i
n
A
ri
z
o
na
a
nd
M
a
s
l
o
w
s
ki
[25]
i
n
P
o
l
a
n
d
.
O
n
l
y
o
n
e
b
r
a
n
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
w
i
l
l
s
u
r
v
i
v
e
a
s
a
c
o
n
duc
t
i
ng
c
h
a
nn
e
l
b
e
fo
r
e
di
s
a
p
pe
a
r
i
ng
i
n
m
i
c
r
o
s
e
c
o
n
d
o
f
t
i
m
e
.
(a
)
[
-
0
.
35
m
s
]
(
b
)
[0
m
s
]
(c
)
[0.
3
5
m
s
]
(d)
[0
.
70
m
s
]
(e
)
[1.
0
5
m
s
]
(f
)
[20.
54
m
s
]
(g)
[20
.
89
m
s
]
(h
)
[21
.
24
m
s
]
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
S
e
c
o
n
d
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
o
n
26
th
N
ov
e
m
be
r
201
8
T
h
i
s
s
t
udy
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
8.
1
%
o
f
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
o
c
c
ur
r
e
n
c
e
s
.
A
s
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
,
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
a
n
u
n
us
ua
l
e
ve
n
t
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
e
n
i
n
a
f
e
w
c
om
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
s
t
udi
e
s
do
n
e
i
n
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
o
un
t
ri
e
s
a
s
t
a
b
ul
a
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1.
A
l
l
of
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
ob
t
a
i
n
e
d
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
16%
o
f
fo
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
o
c
c
urr
e
n
c
e
s
.
By
us
i
n
g
5
9
s
a
m
pl
e
s
o
f
l
i
ght
ni
n
g,
K
o
n
g
[
9]
o
bt
a
i
n
e
d
15.
3
%
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
o
c
c
urr
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
C
hi
na
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
1
9
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
b
e
r
20
20
:
16
20
-
16
2
5
1624
W
i
t
h
f
ur
t
h
e
r
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
h
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
c
l
ude
t
ha
t
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
w
i
t
h
m
ul
t
i
pl
e
s
t
r
i
ki
n
g
po
i
n
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
gr
o
u
n
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
s
h
o
rt
t
i
m
e
m
a
y
b
e
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
i
n
a
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
ge
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
D
uri
n
g
s
u
m
m
e
r
199
7
i
n
A
r
i
z
o
n
a
,
V
a
l
i
n
e
[12]
h
a
d
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
386
da
t
a
s
a
m
pl
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
o
c
c
urr
e
n
c
e
s
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
ge
w
a
s
9.
6%.
A
l
l
of
t
h
e
s
a
m
pl
e
s
w
e
r
e
t
h
e
n
c
a
t
e
go
r
i
z
e
d
i
nt
o
f
o
ur
t
y
pe
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
c
ha
nn
e
l
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n.
N
a
m
e
l
y
,
s
i
n
g
l
e
c
ha
nn
e
l
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
,
m
u
l
t
i
pl
e
c
h
a
nn
e
l
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
,
n
e
w
c
h
a
nn
e
l
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
a
nd
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
c
ha
nn
e
l
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
.
W
h
e
r
e
a
s
A
nt
u
n
e
[
26]
de
duc
e
d
t
h
a
t
f
o
ur
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
m
i
g
ht
o
c
c
ur
pe
r
d
a
y
a
f
t
e
r
ha
v
i
ng
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
357
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
s
a
m
pl
e
s
a
c
qu
i
r
e
d
duri
n
g
t
w
o
c
o
n
s
e
c
ut
i
v
e
s
um
m
e
r
s
i
n
201
2
a
nd
20
13.
T
h
e
e
x
pe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
a
c
qu
i
r
e
d
6
.
2%
o
f
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
n
g
o
c
c
urr
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
B
ra
z
i
l
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d
f
i
n
d
i
n
gs
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
s
do
n
e
by
us
i
n
g
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
i
n
f
a
c
t
m
o
r
e
s
ub
j
e
c
t
s
o
n
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
s
c
a
n
b
e
e
xpl
o
r
e
d.
A
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
by
B
a
l
l
a
r
o
t
t
i
[2
7]
a
n
d
T
ra
n
[
28],
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
us
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
f
i
e
l
d
c
a
m
p
a
i
g
n
w
a
s
ve
r
y
h
e
l
pf
ul
a
n
d
i
m
po
rt
a
nt
t
o
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
a
nd
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
(a
)
[
0
m
s
]
(b
)
[0.
35
m
s
]
(c
)
[0.
7
m
s
]
(d)
[1
.
04
m
s
]
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
T
h
i
rd
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
o
n
7t
h
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2018
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
ge
o
f
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
o
c
c
urr
e
n
c
e
A
u
t
h
o
r
Co
u
n
t
ry
S
a
m
p
l
e
s
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
f
o
rk
l
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
37
8
.
1
%
A
n
t
u
n
e
s
[2
6
]
Bra
z
i
l
357
6
.
2
%
V
a
l
i
n
e
[1
2
]
A
ri
z
o
n
a
386
9
.
6
%
K
o
n
g
[9
]
Ch
i
n
a
59
1
5
.
3
%
4.
C
O
N
C
LU
S
I
O
N
T
h
i
s
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y
ob
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
hr
e
e
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
e
vo
l
ut
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
e
nha
n
c
e
s
kn
o
w
l
e
dge
o
n
t
h
e
t
e
m
po
ra
l
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
s
.
F
i
rs
t
s
a
m
p
l
e
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
t
h
e
f
o
r
ke
d
b
r
a
n
c
h
0
.
35
m
s
b
e
fo
r
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
fo
r
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
n
g
t
o
o
k
0.
35
m
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
o
c
c
urr
e
d
t
o
f
ul
l
y
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
t
h
e
f
o
r
ke
d
b
ra
n
c
h
.
B
o
t
h
b
ra
n
c
h
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
t
hi
r
d
s
a
m
pl
e
w
e
r
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
o
t
o
uc
h
t
h
e
g
r
o
un
d
s
i
m
ul
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
rn
s
t
r
o
ke
.
A
l
l
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
s
w
e
r
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
n
di
ngs
r
e
po
r
t
e
d
by
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
c
o
unt
r
i
e
s
a
s
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
nt
i
o
n
e
d.
B
e
s
i
de
s
t
h
a
n
l
i
g
h
t
ni
n
g
e
vo
l
ut
i
o
n,
w
e
c
a
n
l
e
a
rn
m
o
r
e
o
n
a
l
i
g
ht
ni
n
g
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
u
n
us
ua
l
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
by
us
i
n
g
v
i
de
o
r
e
c
o
r
di
n
g
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
r
e
,
hi
g
h
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
ra
w
i
l
l
b
e
v
e
r
y
h
e
l
pf
ul
t
o
e
x
a
m
i
ne
v
i
de
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
ri
c
f
i
e
l
d
re
c
o
r
d
i
n
f
ut
u
re
w
o
rks
.
M
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
ns
i
v
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
nduc
t
e
d
s
uc
h
a
s
t
o
p
r
o
duc
e
a
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
o
n
t
h
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
c
o
nt
i
nu
i
ng
c
u
rre
nt
du
ra
t
i
o
n
pe
r
d
a
y
.
T
hi
s
f
i
nd
i
ng
i
s
i
m
po
rt
a
nt
t
o
l
e
a
rn
m
o
r
e
o
n
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
f
a
t
a
l
b
e
ha
v
i
o
r
a
nd
c
o
nt
ri
b
u
t
e
m
o
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
c
ha
ra
c
t
e
ri
s
t
i
c
s
k
no
w
l
e
d
ge
w
hi
c
h
i
s
v
e
r
y
us
e
f
ul
i
n
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
de
s
i
g
n.
H
i
t
he
rt
o
,
t
h
e
re
i
s
n
o
s
t
udy
o
n
f
o
r
k
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
ha
s
b
e
e
n
re
po
rt
e
d
a
nd
t
hi
s
i
s
t
he
f
i
rs
t
o
f
i
t
s
k
i
nd
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
.
A
C
K
N
O
WL
ED
G
E
M
EN
TS
A
ut
h
o
r
s
w
o
ul
d
l
i
ke
t
o
a
c
kn
ow
l
e
dge
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
C
o
l
l
e
ge
of
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
(U
CT
S
),
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
of
H
i
gh
e
r
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n
(M
O
E
)
a
nd
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
gi
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
(U
T
M
)
fo
r
t
h
e
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
uppo
rt
t
o
c
a
rr
y
o
ut
t
h
i
s
s
t
udy
.
T
hi
s
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
f
un
de
d
by
gr
a
n
t
4B
280
,
03G
67
,
07H
13
a
n
d
04G
19
.
A
ut
h
o
r
a
l
s
o
w
o
ul
d
l
i
ke
t
o
t
h
a
n
k
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
kni
k
a
l
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
M
e
l
a
ka
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
ra
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
i
s
e
xpe
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
H
i
gh
-
Sp
e
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
o
bs
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
ns
on
f
or
k
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
n
M
al
ay
s
i
a
(
N.
A
s
r
i
n
a
R
am
l
e
e
)
1625
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
S
.
A
r
s
h
a
d,
M
.
I
s
ni
n
,
N
.
H
a
l
i
m
,
A
.
A
bdul
l
a
h
,
C
.
W
o
o
i
,
a
n
d
N
.
H
us
s
i
n,
"
M
o
de
l
i
ng
a
nd
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
D
i
r
e
c
t
L
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
S
t
r
i
ke
t
o
t
h
e
H
um
a
n
B
o
dy
,
"
i
n
2018
I
E
E
E
7
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
P
ow
e
r
and
E
ne
r
gy
(
P
E
C
on)
,
pp.
18
4
-
189
,
2
018
.
[
2]
D
.
C
.
P
ha
n
,
"
R
e
duc
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
num
be
r
o
f
f
a
ul
t
s
c
a
us
e
d
by
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
f
o
r
t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
ne
,
"
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
ou
r
na
l
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
&
C
om
pu
t
e
r
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
2019
.
[
3]
I
.
U
l
l
a
h
,
M
.
B
a
ha
r
o
m
,
H
.
L
uqm
a
n,
H
.
A
hm
a
d,
a
nd
Z
.
Z
a
i
na
l
,
"
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
F
i
e
l
d
I
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
of
t
he
L
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
S
t
r
i
k
e
s
o
n
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
A
i
r
T
e
r
m
i
n
a
l
s
I
ns
t
a
l
l
e
d
o
n
B
ui
l
di
ng
S
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
s
,
"
I
n
t
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
and
C
om
p
ut
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
no
.
6
,
p
.
3
105
,
201
7.
[
4]
N
.
H
a
s
ni
,
R
.
A
bd
-
R
a
hm
a
n,
H
.
A
hm
a
d,
N
.
J
a
m
a
i
l
,
M
.
K
a
m
a
r
udd
i
n,
a
nd
S
.
R
i
dz
w
a
n
,
"
I
nv
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
po
t
e
nt
i
a
l
g
r
o
undi
ng
c
o
m
p
o
und
f
o
r
po
r
t
a
bl
e
a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
"
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
and
C
om
pu
t
e
r
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
no
.
6
,
p.
31
40
,
2
017
.
[
5]
V
.
A
.
R
a
ko
v
a
nd
M
.
A
.
U
m
a
n
,
"
L
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
:
ph
y
s
i
c
s
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,"
C
a
m
b
r
i
d
ge
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
r
e
s
s
,
2
003
.
[
6]
A
t
m
o
,
"
s
ubs
e
q
ue
n
t
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
ke
s
,
"
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
s
t
r
ok
e
s
f
l
as
he
s
-
da
r
t
l
e
ade
r
s
and
s
u
bs
e
que
nt
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
k
e
s
,
201
8
[
7]
X
.
K
o
ng
,
X
.
Q
i
e
,
C
.
C
he
n,
G
.
Z
ha
ng
,
a
nd
T
.
Z
ha
ng
,
"
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
o
n
t
he
C
l
o
ud
-
to
-
G
r
o
und
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
M
ul
t
i
pl
e
-
G
r
o
un
di
ng
-
P
o
i
nt
i
n
t
he
R
e
t
ur
n
S
t
r
o
ke
[
J
]
,
"
H
i
gh
V
o
l
t
age
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng,
v
o
l
.
4
,
200
5.
[
8]
X
.
K
o
ng
,
X
.
Q
i
e
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Z
ha
o
,
"
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
do
w
nw
a
r
d
l
e
a
d
e
r
i
n
a
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
c
l
o
ud
‐
t
o
‐
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
f
l
a
s
h
o
bs
e
r
v
e
d
by
hi
g
h‐
s
pe
e
d
v
i
de
o
c
a
m
e
r
a
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
c
ha
n
g
e
s
,
"
G
e
ophy
s
i
c
a
l
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
L
e
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
35,
no
.
5
,
2008
.
[
9]
X
.
K
o
ng
,
X
.
Q
i
e
,
Y
.
Z
ha
o
,
a
nd
T
.
Z
h
a
ng
,
"
C
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
ng
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
-
g
r
o
und
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
o
ns
o
n
a
m
i
l
l
i
s
e
c
o
nd
-
s
c
a
l
e
,
"
A
t
m
os
p
he
r
i
c
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
9
1,
no
.
2
-
4,
pp
.
381
-
386
,
200
9.
[
10]
K
.
X
i
a
ng
-
z
he
n,
Q
.
X
i
u
-
s
hu
,
W
.
C
a
i
-
w
e
i
,
W
.
H
u
a
i
-
b
i
n,
a
nd
Z
.
C
ui
-
hua
,
"
O
pt
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
t
he
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
l
a
s
h
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
-
s
t
r
i
ki
ng
-
po
i
nt
i
n
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
t
ur
n
-
s
t
r
o
ke
,
"
P
l
a
t
e
au
M
e
t
e
or
ol
ogy
,
v
o
l
.
22
,
no
.
3
,
pp.
2
59
-
267
,
2003
.
[
11]
C
.
G
uo
a
nd
E
.
P
.
K
r
i
de
r
,
"
T
he
o
pt
i
c
a
l
a
nd
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
i
e
l
d
s
i
g
na
t
ur
e
s
pr
o
duc
e
d
by
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
r
o
ke
s
,
"
J
our
nal
of
G
e
op
hy
s
i
c
a
l
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
:
O
c
e
ans
,
v
o
l
.
87
,
no
.
C
11
,
pp
.
8913
-
8
922
,
198
2.
[
12]
W
.
C
.
V
a
l
i
n
e
a
nd
E
.
P
.
K
r
i
de
r
,
"
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
c
l
o
ud‐
t
o
‐
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
h
t
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
und
c
o
nt
a
c
t
s
,
"
J
our
nal
o
f
G
e
ophy
s
i
c
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
:
A
t
m
o
s
phe
r
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
107
,
no
.
D
20
,
pp
.
A
A
C
8
-
1
-
A
A
C
8
-
11,
2002
.
[
13]
B
.
F
a
n
,
P
.
Y
ua
n
,
X
.
W
a
ng
,
Y
.
Z
ha
o
,
J
.
C
e
n
,
a
nd
Y
.
S
u,
"
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
nt
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
nd
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
g
r
o
undi
ng
po
i
n
t
s
,
"
Sc
i
e
nc
e
C
hi
na
E
ar
t
h
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
61,
no
.
8
,
pp.
1
127
-
113
5,
20
18.
[
14]
Z
.
A
.
B
a
h
a
r
udi
n,
M
.
F
e
r
na
ndo
,
N
.
A
.
A
hm
a
d
,
J
.
M
ä
k
e
l
ä
,
M
.
R
a
hm
a
n,
a
n
d
V
.
C
o
o
r
a
y
,
"
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
c
ha
ng
e
s
g
e
ne
r
a
t
e
d
by
t
he
pr
e
l
i
m
i
na
r
y
br
e
a
kdo
w
n
f
o
r
t
he
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
l
a
s
he
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
nd
S
w
e
de
n
,
"
J
ou
r
na
l
o
f
A
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
an
d
S
ol
ar
-
T
e
r
r
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
P
hy
s
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
84
,
pp
.
15
-
24
,
2
012
.
[
15]
Z
.
A
.
B
a
h
a
r
udi
n,
N
.
A
.
A
hm
a
d
,
J
.
M
ä
ke
l
ä
,
M
.
F
e
r
na
ndo
,
a
n
d
V
.
C
o
o
r
a
y
,
"
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
l
a
s
he
s
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
"
J
ou
r
na
l
of
A
t
m
os
p
he
r
i
c
a
nd
So
l
ar
-
T
e
r
r
e
s
t
r
i
al
P
hy
s
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
08,
p
p.
61
-
67
,
201
4.
[
16]
C.
-
L.
W
oo
i
,
Z
.
A
bdul
-
M
a
l
e
k
,
N
.
-
A
.
A
hm
a
d,
A
.
I
.
E
l
G
a
y
a
r
,
"
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
"
J
o
ur
n
al
o
f
A
t
m
o
s
phe
r
i
c
and
So
l
a
r
-
T
e
r
r
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
P
hy
s
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
46
,
p
p.
69
-
80
,
201
6.
[
17]
C
.
L
.
W
o
o
i
,
Z
.
A
bdu
l
-
M
a
l
e
k
,
N
.
A
.
A
hm
a
d
,
M
.
M
o
kh
a
t
r
i
,
a
nd
A
.
H
.
K
h
a
v
a
r
i
,
"
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
R
e
c
e
n
t
S
t
ud
i
e
s
o
n
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
,
"
i
n
A
pp
l
i
e
d
M
e
c
ha
ni
c
s
and
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
,
2016
,
v
o
l
.
818
,
pp.
1
34
-
139:
T
r
a
n
s
T
e
c
h
P
ubl
.
[
18]
M
.
N
.
H
a
m
z
a
h
,
"
D
i
s
t
i
nc
t
C
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
O
f
C
l
o
ud
-
To
-
G
r
o
und
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
F
i
e
l
ds
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
m
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
"
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
P
ut
r
a
M
al
ay
s
i
a
,
201
5.
[
19]
V
.
C
o
o
r
a
y
,
A
n
i
nt
r
od
uc
t
i
o
n
t
o
l
i
gh
t
n
i
ng
.
S
pr
i
ng
e
r
,
201
5.
[
20]
D
.
W
a
ng
,
N
.
T
a
ka
g
i
,
T
.
W
a
t
a
n
a
be
,
V
.
R
a
ko
v
,
a
nd
M
.
U
m
a
n
,
"
L
um
i
no
s
i
t
y
w
a
v
e
s
i
n
b
r
a
nc
he
d
c
ha
nne
l
s
o
f
t
w
o
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
f
l
a
s
he
s
,
"
J
.
A
t
m
o
s
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
,
v
o
l
.
20
,
no
.
2,
pp
.
91
-
9
7,
200
0.
[
21]
J
.
W
i
l
l
e
t
t
,
D
.
L
e
V
i
ne
,
a
n
d
V
.
I
do
ne
,
"
L
i
g
ht
ni
ng
‐
c
ha
nne
l
m
o
r
ph
o
l
ogy
r
e
v
e
a
l
e
d
by
r
e
t
ur
n
‐
s
t
r
o
ke
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
i
e
l
d
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
,
"
J
ou
r
na
l
of
G
e
ophy
s
i
c
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h:
A
t
m
os
phe
r
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
00,
no
.
D
2,
pp
.
272
7
-
2738
,
199
5.
[
22]
T
.
A
.
W
a
r
n
e
r
,
R
.
E
.
O
r
v
i
l
l
e
,
J
.
M
a
r
s
ha
l
l
,
a
nd
K
.
H
ug
g
i
ns
,
"
S
pe
c
t
r
a
l
(
600
–
105
0
nm
)
t
i
m
e
e
xpo
s
ur
e
s
(
99
.
6
μ
s
)
o
f
a
l
i
g
ht
ni
ng
s
t
e
ppe
d
l
e
a
de
r
,
"
J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
G
e
oph
y
s
i
c
a
l
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h:
A
t
m
os
phe
r
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
116
,
no
.
D
12,
2
011
.
[
23]
R
.
J
i
a
ng
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
h
a
nne
l
br
a
nc
hi
ng
a
nd
z
i
g
z
a
g
g
i
ng
i
n
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
o
und
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
,
"
S
c
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
R
e
por
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
7,
no
.
1,
p
.
3457
,
201
7.
[
24]
G
.
A
.
W
ur
de
n
a
nd
D
.
W
hi
t
e
s
o
n,
"
H
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
pl
a
s
m
a
i
m
a
g
i
ng
:
a
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
bo
l
t
,
"
I
E
E
E
t
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
on
s
on
p
l
as
m
a
s
c
i
e
nc
e
,
v
o
l
.
24,
no
.
1
,
pp.
8
3
-
84,
19
96.
[
25]
G
.
M
a
s
l
o
w
s
k
i
a
nd
P
.
B
a
r
a
n
s
ki
,
"
N
a
t
ur
a
l
L
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
C
ha
nne
l
E
v
o
l
ut
i
o
n
O
bt
a
i
ne
d
F
r
o
m
H
i
g
h
-
S
pe
e
d
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
V
i
de
o
C
a
m
e
r
a
R
e
c
o
r
di
ng
s
,
"
P
ubl
s
.
I
ns
t
.
G
e
ophy
s
.
P
ol
.
A
c
ad
.
Sc
.
,
M
on
ogr
aphi
c
,
v
o
l
.
73,
no
.
41
2,
pp
.
99
-
107
,
200
9.
[
26]
L
.
A
nt
une
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
o
bs
e
r
v
e
d
by
m
ul
t
i
pl
e
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
r
a
s
,
"
i
n
2
013
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
Sy
m
pos
i
um
on
L
i
gh
t
n
i
ng
P
r
ot
e
c
t
i
on
(
X
I
I
SI
P
D
A
)
,
2
013
,
pp.
1
7
-
25:
I
E
E
E
.
[
27]
M
.
B
a
l
l
a
r
o
t
t
i
,
M
.
S
a
ba
,
a
nd
O
.
P
i
n
t
o
J
r
,
"
H
i
g
h‐
s
pe
e
d
c
a
m
e
r
a
o
bs
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
ns
o
f
ne
g
a
t
i
v
e
g
r
o
und
f
l
a
s
he
s
o
n
a
m
i
l
l
i
s
e
c
o
n
d‐
s
c
a
l
e
,
"
G
e
ophy
s
i
c
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
L
e
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
32,
no
.
23
,
2
005.
[
28]
M
.
T
r
a
n
a
nd
V
.
R
a
ko
v
,
"
I
ni
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
pr
o
pa
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
l
o
ud
-
to
-
g
r
ound
l
i
g
ht
n
i
ng
o
bs
e
r
v
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
c
a
m
e
r
a
,
"
Sc
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
r
e
po
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
.
3
9521
,
201
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.