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,
t
h
e
g
o
ld
h
a
s
h
ig
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
r
g
an
ic
s
u
b
s
t
an
ce
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
it
s
elec
tr
o
n
d
en
s
it
y
[
2
2
-
24
].
T
h
eo
r
etic
an
d
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es
c
h
ec
k
t
h
at
M
g
F2
b
u
f
f
er
la
y
er
w
i
th
n
=1
.
3
7
,
w
i
th
th
ick
n
es
s
(
3
0
0
-
4
5
0
)
n
m
a
n
d
A
g
is
eq
u
al
to
4
0
n
m
m
a
y
b
e
u
s
ed
to
to
le
r
ate
at
VI
S
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
f
o
r
o
p
tical
b
io
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
ch
e
m
ical
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
2
5
-
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
f
ield
o
p
tics
is
th
e
b
asic
o
f
a
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
o
p
tical
an
ten
n
a,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
u
s
e
o
f
co
llo
id
al
g
o
ld
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
f
o
r
o
p
tical
r
ad
iatio
n
o
n
a
clas
s
i
ca
l
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
a
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
1
9
2
8
b
y
S
y
n
g
e.
[
2
9
]
I
n
1
9
8
5
W
es
s
el
u
tili
ze
d
g
o
ld
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
a,
Fis
c
h
er
et
al
.
in
1
9
9
5
w
as
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
SP
s
b
y
a
g
o
ld
-
co
ated
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
1
9
9
7
,
b
o
w
-
tie
k
in
d
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
as
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
o
p
tical
p
r
o
b
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
ea
r
-
f
ield
[
3
1
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
t
y
p
e
o
f
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
as
k
n
o
w
n
as
d
i
p
o
le
n
an
o
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
u
s
ed
i
n
Activ
e
P
h
o
to
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
b
y
C
u
b
u
k
c
u
,
in
2
0
0
6
.
[
3
2
]
I
n
2
0
0
8
Ki
m
d
ev
elo
p
ed
n
a
n
o
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
No
n
-
li
n
ea
r
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
a
f
ter
t
h
at
i
n
2
0
0
9
Kin
k
h
ab
w
ala
w
o
r
k
ed
i
n
Sen
s
in
g
f
ield
b
y
b
o
w
-
tie
n
an
o
an
ten
n
a
s
[
3
3
-
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
Ag
b
o
w
tie
p
las
m
o
n
ic
n
a
n
o
an
t
en
n
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
o
n
t
h
e
Si
O2
/S
i
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
Mo
S2
[
3
6
-
3
8
]
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
T
u
r
k
m
e
n
,
et
al.
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
i
n
v
en
ted
ch
a
n
g
ed
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
o
f
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
b
io
s
en
s
o
r
b
ase
o
n
SiN
w
it
h
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
i
n
d
ex
m
e
m
b
r
an
e
[
3
9
,
4
0
]
.
A
ls
o
,
Mo
s
allae
i
et
al.
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
th
e
Ag
b
ased
o
n
SiO
2
w
it
h
n
=1
.
4
5
lay
er
f
o
r
p
las
m
o
n
ic
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
a
[
3
3
].
Z
ar
r
ab
i,
f
o
r
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
h
er
e
Si
N
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
S
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
n
=
1
.
9
8
an
d
s
i
lv
er
[
4
1
]
.
YI
NG
et
al.
p
r
esen
t
-
d
a
y
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
MP
r
eso
n
an
c
es o
f
m
eta
m
ater
ials
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
2
D
p
er
io
d
ic
ar
r
ay
s
o
f
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
li
v
er
w
h
e
n
n
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
(
1
.
3
0
-
1
.
3
8
)
s
u
s
p
en
d
ed
b
y
s
il
ica
p
illar
s
o
n
s
ilica
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
q
u
alit
y
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
i
n
b
io
m
ed
ical
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
[
42
].
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
u
s
e
U
s
h
ap
ed
an
d
p
lay
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
lig
h
t
a
n
d
ill
u
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
SP
s
m
etal
s
a
n
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
t
h
e
d
is
t
u
r
b
s
g
eo
m
etr
y
a
n
d
f
i
g
u
r
e
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
o
p
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
is
s
h
ap
ed
g
o
ld
n
an
o
a
n
ten
n
a
s
an
d
M
g
F2
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
d
u
al
-
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
,
an
d
w
e
w
il
l
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
n
a
n
o
an
ten
n
a
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as b
io
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
U
s
h
ap
e
n
a
n
o
an
ten
n
a
i
s
b
ased
Au
o
n
M
g
F2
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
n
=1
.
3
6
,
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
an
d
4
.
U
n
an
o
a
n
ten
n
a
s
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ize
s
an
d
s
h
ap
es
b
ased
o
n
m
eta
l
ca
n
w
o
r
k
li
g
h
t
at
s
u
b
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
ar
r
a
y
b
y
SP
s
i
n
m
etal.
Fro
m
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
h
a
s
d
u
al
b
an
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
tati
o
n
U
-
m
o
ld
ed
n
an
o
an
ten
n
as d
esi
g
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
20
:
45
7
-
46
3
460
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
n
a
n
o
f
ab
r
icatio
n
i
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
izes
a
n
d
s
h
ap
es
t
h
at
is
a
n
a
n
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
P
las
m
o
n
ics
b
ase
d
o
n
m
e
tallic
k
n
o
w
n
as
P
R
A
(
p
las
m
o
n
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
an
te
n
n
a
s
)
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
b
io
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
e
U
s
h
ap
ed
w
it
h
p
er
io
d
ic
ar
r
a
y
o
f
U
s
h
ap
e
s
h
o
w
s
tr
o
n
g
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
g
eo
m
etr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
e
m
atic
s
id
e
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
an
o
an
te
n
n
a
la
y
e
r
s
o
f
U
s
h
ap
ed
P
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
o
p
tical
n
an
o
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
n
:
1)
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
d
esig
n
.
2)
Ma
ter
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles.
3)
T
h
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
m
ed
iu
m
,
d
u
e
to
r
eso
n
an
ce
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
P
las
m
o
n
.
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
s
i
m
u
la
te
F
DT
D
to
b
u
ild
a
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
U
s
h
ap
e
n
a
n
o
an
te
n
n
a
w
i
th
g
eo
m
e
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
(
L
=6
0
0
-
8
0
0
,
H=
3
5
0
-
5
0
0
,
W
=5
0
-
1
4
0
)
n
m
,
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
M
g
F2
ar
e
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
(
2
0
0
to
3
0
0
)
n
m
a
n
d
g
o
ld
i
s
1
0
0
n
m
.
T
h
e
i
n
cid
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
in
z
d
ier
ctio
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
m
a
tch
ed
la
y
er
(
P
ML
)
,
f
o
r
x
,
y
a
x
is
w
e
u
s
ed
p
er
io
d
ic
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
5
,
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
at
(
1
an
d
2
)
w
a
v
elen
g
t
h
r
an
g
e
(
5
0
0
-
9
5
0
)
n
m
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
h
a
s
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
0
.
7
3
at
w
av
ele
n
g
t
h
7
0
0
n
m
;
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
h
as
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
0
.
8
8
at
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
8
4
5
n
m
.
W
ith
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
1
0
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
a
n
d
ad
j
u
s
ted
b
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
g
eo
m
etr
ica
l
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
las
m
o
n
ic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
esi
g
n
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
a
lter
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
an
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
U
s
h
ap
ed
n
an
o
a
n
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
o
m
e
s
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
b
y
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
izes
an
d
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
lan
ca
n
b
e
th
eo
r
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
A
.
M
a
ier.
“
P
las
m
o
n
ics
:
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
(2
0
0
7
).
[2
]
J.
Zen
n
e
c
k
,
“
Üb
e
r
d
ie
F
o
rtp
f
lan
z
u
n
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e
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e
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e
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ti
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e
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ra
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h
ie,
“
A
n
n
.
D.
P
h
y
s
.
2
3
p
p
8
4
6
–
8
6
6
,
(1
9
0
7
).
[3
]
R.
H.
Rit
c
h
ie,
P
h
y
s.
Re
v
.
1
0
6
,
p
p
.
8
7
4
–
8
8
1
,
(1
9
5
7
).
[4
]
B.
S
a
leh
a
n
d
M
.
T
e
ich
.
”
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals o
f
P
h
o
to
n
ics
.
W
il
e
y
S
e
ries
in
P
u
re
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
e
d
O
p
ti
c
s.”
W
il
e
y
,
(2
0
0
7
).
[5
]
A
tu
l
T
i
w
a
ri,
Ra
b
a
h
Bo
u
k
h
e
rro
u
b
,
a
n
d
M
a
h
e
sh
w
a
r
S
h
a
ro
n
“
S
o
lar
Ce
ll
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
”
(2
0
1
4
)
.
[6
]
Jiri
Ho
m
o
la,
”
S
u
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
(S
p
r)
Bio
se
n
s
o
rs
a
n
d
T
h
e
ir
A
p
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li
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ti
o
n
s
i
n
F
o
o
d
S
a
f
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t
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a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rit
y
”
,
P
h
y
sic
s an
d
Ch
e
m
istr
y
,
v
o
l
2
1
6
.
S
p
rin
g
e
r
.
2
0
0
6
.
[7
]
Ki
Yo
u
n
g
Kim
,
“
Pl
a
sm
o
n
ics
Pri
n
c
ip
les
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
”
,
c
h
2
,
p
p
8
2
,
(2
0
1
2
),
[8
]
Ha
e
s,
A
.
J.,
a
n
d
V
a
n
Du
y
n
e
,
R.
P
.
:
“
A
Na
n
o
sc
a
le
Op
ti
c
a
l
Bio
se
n
so
r:
S
e
n
si
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
S
e
lec
ti
v
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y
o
f
a
n
A
p
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ro
a
c
h
Ba
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
L
o
c
a
li
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e
d
S
u
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
o
f
T
rian
g
u
lar
S
il
v
e
r
Na
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
”
,
J
.
Am.
Ch
e
m.
S
o
c
.
,
1
2
4
,
),
p
p
1
0
5
9
6
–
1
0
6
0
4
,
(
2
0
0
2
).
[9
]
R.
B.
M
.
S
c
h
a
sf
o
o
rt
a
n
d
A
n
n
a
J.
T
u
d
o
s
,
”
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
S
u
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
”
,
PP
3
8
,
(
2
0
0
8
).
[1
0
]
S
h
u
w
e
n
Zen
g
,
”
Na
n
o
m
a
teri
a
ls
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
su
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
b
io
lo
g
ica
l
a
n
d
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l
se
n
sin
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
Ch
e
mic
a
l
S
o
c
iety
R
e
v
iews
.
,
A
u
g
u
st (
2
0
1
6
)
.
[1
1
]
G
e
o
rg
e
K.
Kn
o
p
f
,
“
Am
a
rj
e
e
t
S
.
Ba
ss
i,
Bio
se
n
so
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
”
,
c
h
2
,
p
p
1
0
4
,
(2
0
0
7
).
[1
2
]
X
iao
w
e
i
G
u
o
,
“
S
u
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
b
io
se
n
s
o
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
A
re
v
ie
w
”
:
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bi
o
p
h
o
to
n
ics
,
A
p
ril
(2
0
1
2
).
[1
3
]
D.A
.
S
tu
a
rt,
A
.
J.
Ha
e
s,
C.
R.
Yo
n
z
o
n
,
E.
M
.
Hic
k
s
a
n
d
R.
P
.
V
a
n
D
u
y
n
e
,
“
Bio
lo
g
ica
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s o
f
lo
c
a
li
z
e
d
su
rf
a
c
e
p
las
m
o
n
ic p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
”
,
IEE
Pro
c
.
-
Na
n
o
b
i
o
tec
h
n
o
l
.
,
Vo
l.
1
5
2
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
(2
0
0
5
).
[1
4
]
L
in
k
,
S
.
,
a
n
d
El
-
S
a
y
e
d
,
M
.
A
.
“
S
p
e
c
tral
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
Re
lax
a
ti
o
n
Dy
n
a
m
ics
o
f
S
u
r
f
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Os
c
il
latio
n
s i
n
G
o
ld
a
n
d
S
i
lv
e
r
Na
n
o
-
d
o
ts
a
n
d
Na
n
o
-
r
o
d
s”
,
J
.
Ph
y
s
.
Ch
e
m.
B
,
1
0
3
p
p
.
8
4
1
0
–
8
4
2
6
,
(1
9
9
9
),
[1
5
]
M
u
lv
a
n
e
y
,
P
.
“
S
u
rf
a
c
e
P
las
m
o
n
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
o
f
Na
n
o
siz
e
d
M
e
tal
P
a
rti
c
les
”
,
L
a
n
g
m
u
ir
1
2
,
p
p
7
8
8
–
8
0
0
,
(1
9
9
6
),
[1
6
]
DRO
R
S
A
RID
A
ND
W
I
LL
I
A
M
A
.
CH
ALL
ENER”
M
o
d
e
rn
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
su
rf
a
c
e
p
l
a
sm
o
n
s
p
p
3
2
2
,
(
2
0
1
0
).
[1
7
]
S
.
O.
Ju
n
g
,
H.S
.
Ro
,
B
.
H.
Kh
o
,
Y.
B.
S
h
i
n
,
M
.
G
.
Kim
a
n
d
B.
H.
Ch
u
n
g
,
Pro
teo
mic
s
,
5
,
p
p
4
4
2
7
,
(2
0
0
5
).
[1
8
]
Die
rin
g
e
r,
J.
A
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
F
a
ra
d
a
y
”
S
u
rfa
c
e
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
Ra
ma
n
S
p
e
c
tr
o
sc
o
p
y
,
c
h
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
,
(
2
0
0
6
)
.
[1
9
]
A
l
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0
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K.
A
.
W
il
lets
a
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R.
P
.
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n
Du
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.
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L
o
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li
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r
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An
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Rev
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Ph
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Ch
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mistry
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5
8
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p
p
2
6
7
–
2
9
7
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(
2
0
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.
[2
1
]
Na
th
,
N.,
a
n
d
Ch
il
k
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ti
,
A
.
:
“
Imm
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b
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s”
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P
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S
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.
Op
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En
g
.
,
4
6
2
6
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
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4
8
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(
2
0
0
2
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N:
2502
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4752
Th
e
o
p
tima
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mis
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463
[2
2
]
Am
ir
h
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ss
e
in
P
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u
rso
l
tan
m
o
h
a
m
m
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d
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c
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l
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ir
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n
i,
F
a
g
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ih
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g
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ih
i
,
“
Co
m
p
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Diff
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s,
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DT
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M
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q
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Circu
it
”
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n
d
o
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sia
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J
o
u
rn
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l
o
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El
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l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
V
o
l
1
2
,
No
3
:
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
Nu
rsh
a
m
i
m
i
Ro
sli,
S
it
i
Am
in
a
h
M
d
A
k
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it
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ra
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ra
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m
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r
Ba
y
a
M
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d
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sh
im
,
Nu
re
h
a
n
sa
fw
a
n
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h
Kh
a
li
d
,
“
De
sig
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o
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p
a
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t
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p
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ti
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,
I
n
d
o
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e
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n
J
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u
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o
f
El
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trica
l
En
g
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e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
V
o
l
1
3
,
No
2
:
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
S
tef
a
n
A
.
M
a
ier,
Ya
n
F
ra
n
c
e
sc
a
to
,
“
Ne
w
F
re
q
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e
n
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ies
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n
d
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e
o
m
e
tri
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s f
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r
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las
m
o
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ics
a
n
d
M
e
tam
a
teri
a
ls”
,
(2
0
1
4
).
[2
5
]
Je
a
n
m
a
ire,
D.
L
.
,
V
a
n
Du
y
n
e
,
R.
P
.
“
S
u
rf
a
c
e
R
a
m
a
n
sp
e
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tro
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lec
tr
o
c
h
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m
istr
y
.
P
a
rt
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He
tero
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y
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li
c
,
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ro
m
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ti
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,
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n
d
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li
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ti
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m
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s
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d
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rb
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d
o
n
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e
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n
o
d
ize
d
silv
e
r
e
lec
tro
d
e
”
,
J
.
El
e
c
tro
.
Ch
e
m.
In
ter
fa
c
ia
l
El
e
c
tro
c
h
e
m
.
,
8
4
,
p
p
1
–
2
0
,
1
9
7
7
[2
6
]
A
la
a
F
a
rh
o
o
d
,
M
a
h
a
m
Ka
m
il
Na
j
i,
S
u
h
a
d
Ha
sa
n
Rh
a
if
Ha
sa
n
Rh
a
if
,
A
d
n
a
n
A
li
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
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teg
ra
ted
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x
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g
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l
sh
a
p
e
d
m
icro
strip
UW
B
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
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trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
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rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
Vo
l
1
5
,
N
o
1
:
Ju
ly
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
Kn
e
ip
p
,
K.;
M
o
sk
o
v
it
s,
M
.
;
Kn
e
ip
p
,
H,”
S
u
rf
a
c
e
-
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
Ra
m
a
n
S
c
a
tt
e
r
in
g
:
P
h
y
sic
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
Ed
s.
;
T
o
p
ics
i
n
A
p
p
l
ied
P
h
y
sic
s
1
0
3
;
S
p
rin
g
e
r:
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
(2
0
1
3
).
[2
8
]
C.
R.
L
a
v
e
r
s,
J.S
.
W
il
k
in
so
n
,
”
A
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
-
c
o
u
p
le
d
su
rf
a
c
e
–
P
las
m
o
n
se
n
so
r
f
o
r
a
n
a
q
u
e
o
u
s en
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
“
,
S
e
n
so
rs
a
n
d
Actu
a
to
rs
,
B2
2
(1
9
9
4
)
7
5
-
81.
[2
9
]
A
.
S
it
t,
I.
Ha
d
a
r,
U.
Ba
n
in
,
“
Ba
n
d
-
g
a
p
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
o
p
t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
c
o
ll
o
i
d
a
l
h
e
ter
o
stru
c
tu
re
d
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
”
,
Na
n
o
T
o
d
a
y
8
(5
)
(2
0
1
3
)
4
9
4
–
5
1
3
.
[3
0
]
M
.
A
id
i,
T
.
A
g
u
il
i,
“
El
e
c
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
c
o
u
p
led
c
a
rb
o
n
n
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n
o
t
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e
d
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le
a
n
ten
n
a
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
in
teg
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s sy
ste
m
”
,
Pro
g
.
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
t.
Res
.
M
4
0
(2
0
1
4
)
1
7
9
–
1
8
3
.
[3
1
]
J.
Ya
n
g
,
F
.
Ko
n
g
,
K.
L
i,
J.
Zh
a
o
,
“
Op
ti
m
izin
g
th
e
b
o
w
ti
e
n
a
n
o
-
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
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n
h
a
n
c
e
d
P
u
rc
e
ll
f
a
c
to
r
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
F
ield
,
”
Pr
o
g
.
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
t.
Res
.
L
e
tt
.
4
4
(
2
0
1
4
)
9
3
–
99.
[3
2
]
R.
F
il
ter,
J.
Qi,
C.
Ro
c
k
stu
h
l,
F
.
L
e
d
e
re
r,
“
Circu
lar
o
p
ti
c
a
l
n
a
n
o
a
n
te
n
n
a
s:
a
n
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
th
e
o
r
y
,
”
Ph
y
s.
Rev
.
B:
Co
n
d
e
n
s.
M
a
tt
e
r
8
5
(
1
2
)
(2
0
1
2
)
1
2
5
4
2
9
.
[3
3
]
A
.
A
h
m
a
d
i,
H.
M
o
sa
ll
a
e
i,
“
P
las
m
o
n
ic
n
a
n
o
lo
o
p
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
Op
t.
L
e
tt
.
3
5
(
2
1
)
(2
0
1
0
)
3
7
0
6
–
3
7
0
8
.
[3
4
]
J.
P
é
re
z
-
Ju
ste
,
I.
P
a
sto
riza
-
S
a
n
t
o
s,
L
.
M
.
L
iz
-
M
a
r
z
á
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
u
lv
a
n
e
y
,
“
G
o
ld
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s:
S
y
n
th
e
sis,
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Co
o
rd
.
C
h
e
m.
Rev
.
2
4
9
(2
0
0
5
)
p
p
.
1
8
7
0
–
1
9
0
1
.
[3
5
]
K.
L
.
Ke
ll
y
,
E.
Co
ro
n
a
d
o
,
L
.
L
.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
C.
S
c
h
a
tz,
“
T
h
e
Op
ti
c
a
l
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
M
e
tal
Na
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
:
T
h
e
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
S
ize
,
S
h
a
p
e
,
a
n
d
Die
lec
tri
c
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
”
J
.
Ph
y
s.
C
h
e
m.
B
1
0
7
(
2
0
0
3
),
p
p
.
6
6
8
–
6
7
7
[3
6
]
C.
-
K.
Ch
e
n
,
M
.
-
H.
C
h
a
n
g
,
H.
-
T
.
W
u
,
Y.
-
C.
L
e
e
,
T
.
-
J.
Ye
n
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
v
ib
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
s
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
,
in
trac
e
ll
u
lar
re
f
r
a
c
ti
v
e
in
d
e
x
in
g
f
o
r
lab
e
l
-
f
re
e
b
io
se
n
sin
g
a
n
d
b
i
o
im
a
g
in
g
b
y
m
u
lt
ib
a
n
d
p
las
m
o
n
ic
-
a
n
ten
n
a
a
rra
y
”
,
Bi
o
se
n
s.
Bi
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
.
6
0
(
2
0
1
4
)
3
4
3
–
3
5
0
.
[3
7
]
H.
I
M
a
li
k
,
M
.
Y.
Is
m
a
il
,
S
.
R
M
a
sro
l,
S
h
a
rm
iza
A
d
n
a
n
,
“
Re
f
le
c
ti
o
n
p
h
a
se
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
re
f
le
c
t
a
rr
a
y
a
n
ten
n
a
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
a
p
e
r
s
u
b
stra
te
m
a
teria
ls,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
IJ
EE
CS
)
,
Vo
l
1
3
,
N
o
2
:
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
9
.
[3
8
]
L
e
e
,
B.
,
P
a
rk
,
J.,
Ha
n
,
G
.
,
Ee,
H.,
Na
y
lo
r,
C.
,
L
iu
,
W
.
,
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
A
.
&
Ag
a
r
w
a
l,
R.
“
F
a
n
o
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
p
e
c
trally
M
o
d
if
ied
P
h
o
t
o
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
M
o
n
o
lay
e
r
M
o
S
2
In
teg
ra
ted
w
it
h
P
las
m
o
n
ic
Na
n
o
a
n
ten
n
a
A
rra
y
”
.
Na
n
o
L
e
tt
e
rs
1
5
,
3
6
4
6
-
3
6
5
3
(
2
0
1
5
)”
.
[3
9
]
Ib
ti
ss
a
m
e
M
o
u
m
a
n
e
,
Ja
m
a
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