Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of E
le
ct
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
217
~
225
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.pp
217
-
225
217
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Enh
ancement gai
n of b
roadband
elliptic
al microst
rip pat
ch
array an
tenna wi
th mu
tual
co
up
lin
g for wi
re
l
ess
co
mm
un
icat
i
on
Ali Kh
alid Jas
sim, R
aad
H. T
ha
her
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
Depa
r
tment,
Al
Mus
ta
nsiri
y
h
Univer
sit
y
,
B
aghda
d,
Ira
q
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
2
6
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
23
, 2
018
Accepte
d
N
ov
1
5
, 201
8
The
pape
r
pre
s
ent
ed
an
aly
sis,
design
and
m
anuf
ac
tur
ing
single
opti
m
iz
e
par
amete
rs
of
a
new
broa
dband
el
li
pt
ical
patc
h
ant
enna
with
m
ic
rostrip
ce
nt
er
fee
d
li
n
e
and
the
arr
a
y
has
bee
n
implement
ed
to
improve
gai
n
ant
enn
a.
The
antenna
arr
a
y
dimension
of
(32×
24
×1.
6)m
m
3
and
fab
ric
a
te
d
o
n
an
FR
-
4
epox
y
subs
tra
t
e
havi
ng
r
el
a
ti
ve
die
l
ec
tr
ic
constant
ε_r=4
.
3,
loss
ta
ngen
t
t
an
(δ)
=0
.
002
and
t
he
fe
ed
l
ine
use
d
has
ch
ara
ac
t
e
risti
c
impedance
of
50Ω
and
adde
d
th
e
tr
iangle
not
ch
str
uct
ure
.
Thus
n
otc
h
c
an
a
chi
e
ve
m
axi
m
al
addi
ti
on
al
enh
a
nce
m
ent
imped
anc
e
bandwid
th
are
(3.
679
-
6.
578)
GH
z,
(13.
84
-
25.
142)
GH
z,
(29.
807
-
3
7.
618)
GH
z
and
the
gai
n
8dBi.
The
antenna
arr
a
y
p
erf
orm
an
ce
was
m
odifi
ed
b
y
insert
ing
stubs
tra
nsiti
on
in
fee
ding
Microstri
p
li
n
e
t
o
red
uci
ng
m
ut
ual
coupling
ac
hie
ve
imped
ance
bandwidt
h
(when
S11≤
-
1
0dB).
The
m
odi
fie
d
antenna
wa
s
designe
d
to
be
used
for
wire
le
ss
communic
a
ti
on
applic
at
ion
.
The
sim
ula
ti
on
resul
ts
are
obtained
using CST
softw
are
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Ell
ipti
cal
p
at
ch
arr
ay
a
nten
na
Fiel
d
co
nfi
gura
ti
on
Mi
cro
strip
w
it
h
tria
ng
le
notc
h
S
W
R
The radiat
io
n p
at
te
rn
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ali K
halid Jas
s
i
m
,
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng D
e
par
t
m
ent,
Al Musta
ns
iriy
h
Un
i
ver
sit
y, B
aghda
d,
Ir
a
q
.
Em
a
il
:
alij
assim
79
@yahoo.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
req
ue
st,
f
or
e
xtra
ba
ndwi
dth,
con
ce
ntrati
on
and
hi
gh
e
r
dec
isi
on
t
o
gi
ve
birth
to
the
ne
xt
gen
e
rati
on
of
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
Mi
cro
stri
p
anten
nas
us
e
d
in
dif
fer
e
nt
app
li
cat
ion
s
uc
h
as
com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
s,
ra
da
r
,
m
ob
il
e
,
sat
el
li
te
,
GP
S
as
it
too
ls
up
gr
eat
er
m
ob
il
it
y.
It
has
a
featur
e
of
good
band
width
an
d
easy
inte
gr
a
ti
on
with
a
n
ot
her
schem
e
com
po
ne
nt
.
Howev
e
r
lo
w
im
ped
a
nce
ba
ndwidt
h,
low
gai
n,
l
ow
eff
ic
ie
n
cy
a
re
s
om
e
of
the
determ
inati
on
[
1]
.
I
n
c
omm
and
,
to
ou
t
do
high
s
pr
ea
d
la
c
k
ta
ke
plac
e
with
mm
-
wav
e
wide
ba
nds
of
the
anten
na
,
s
te
ady
rad
ia
ti
on
featur
e
,
an
d
ri
se
again
desire
d
el
li
ptica
l
antenn
a
cou
l
d
be
a
s
uitable
filt
er
for
wi
de
bandw
i
dth
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
,
sim
ple
to
m
anu
fac
ture
,
and li
gh
t
weig
ht
f
eat
ur
e
[
2]
.
The
gain
a
ff
li
c
te
d
can
be
by
us
e
d
m
et
a
m
at
e
rial
,
diele
ct
ric
const
ant,
a
nd
pa
rasit
ic
el
li
ptical
patch
for
the g
ai
n
in
crea
se whil
e ar
ray
const
ru
ct
io
n
is
ty
pical
ly
ap
plied to
r
eal
iz
e
ga
in
[
3]
.
The
ine
vitable
,
the
pro
blem
i
n
ar
ray
pur
pos
e
wh
ic
h
is
ho
w
to
re
so
l
ve
the
disc
rep
a
ncy
betwee
n
the
mu
tual
cou
pling
a
nd
the
si
de
lob
e
of
the
el
e
m
ents.
High
side
lo
be
will
reaso
n
th
e
lower
i
ng
of
antenn
a
rad
ia
ti
on
e
xec
ution
a
nd
rise
conj
un
ct
io
n
wi
ll
reason
retr
ogressio
n
c
onsid
erab
ly
on
the
ba
ndwidt
h
a
nd
a
nten
na
gain
[
4]
T
he
low
side
lo
be
can
only
unde
rstan
d
l
ow
e
ring
s
pace
,
am
ong
the
el
em
e
nts.
Th
us
,
ca
n
be
a
requirem
ent
,
t
he
co
njuncti
on
l
ow
e
rin
g
in
case
of
cl
os
e
sp
ace.
Lat
el
y,
so
luti
ons
on
m
utu
al
con
ju
nction
lowe
rin
g
are
s
uggeste
d
,
to
ge
t
bette
r
the
r
adiat
ion
e
xec
ut
ion
of
a
nten
na
arr
ay
s
[5]
.
I
n
[
6]
,
T
her
e
a
re
tw
o
desig
ne
d
m
ic
r
os
trip
ante
nn
a
s
pr
i
nted
by
util
iz
ing
m
et
a
m
at
eria
l
loading
te
ch
nical
ity
to
dec
rease
m
utu
al
conj
un
ct
io
n.
A
par
asi
ti
c
isolat
or
pri
nted
bet
ween
tw
o
ante
nn
a
s
is
us
ed
t
o
re
du
ce
the
r
eci
procal
conj
un
ct
io
n
thr
ough
do
m
inant the
pola
riz
at
ion
of the c
onju
nction fiel
d
[7]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
21
7
–
2
2
5
218
The
ante
nn
a
a
r
ray
is
a
co
m
plete
po
rtio
n
syst
e
m
of
the
sm
art
anten
na.
T
he
de
sign
e
d
ar
ray
el
e
m
ents
of
the
sm
art
antenn
a
are
desira
ble
to
r
eal
iz
e
be
a
m
fo
rm
fo
r
a
giv
e
n
a
pp
li
cat
ion
a
syst
e
m
at
i
c
arr
a
ngem
ent,
of
set
beam
ing
el
e
m
ents
is
cal
le
d
an
ar
ray
siz
e
of
t
he
ar
ray
a
nd
slot
pr
oport
ion
al
ly
increa
se
with
a
gain
of
t
he
anten
na
tw
o
process
t
o
inc
rea
ses
the
slot
siz
e
of
t
he
a
rr
ay
du
e
to
inc
reas
e
n
um
ber
of
el
e
m
ents.
This
watt
le
lob
es
power
e
f
fici
ency
to
incr
ease
du
e
to
wa
tt
le
lob
es
entir
e
the
sign
al
tra
ns
m
itted
is
equal
to
the
su
m
a
nd
the
rer
a
diate
d
si
gnal
f
ro
m
el
em
ents
si
m
il
arl
y
so
in
duced
the
c
urren
t
on
the
a
nten
na
el
e
m
ent
rera
diate
s.
The
el
ect
ro
m
a
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
w
hich
m
us
t
be
received
by
ot
he
r
neig
hbori
ng
el
e
m
ents
in
t
he
arr
ay
su
c
h
m
utu
al
conj
un
ct
io
n
e
f
fect
the
ge
neral
ly
seen
as
a
disturba
nce
w
hich
ret
rograd
es
the
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
the
arr
ay
.
Tw
o
ki
nd
s
of
c
onjun
ct
io
n
rest
it
ution
m
et
ho
ds:
Conve
ntion
a
l
Mutual
Im
ped
ance
(CMI
)
a
nd
Re
cei
ving
Mutual
Im
ped
ance
(R
MI)
m
et
ho
ds a
re
pr
e
valent
[
8
]
.
2.
THE
ORY O
F
EL
LIPT
ICAL
ARR
AY
A
NTEN
NA
The
m
at
rix
pro
cess
for
ar
ray
anten
na
de
sig
n
gen
e
rall
y
ou
tc
om
e
in
a
set
of
desire
d
fee
d
volt
ages
that
m
ill
su
pply
a
giv
e
n
desira
bl
e
set
of
exec
ut
ion
featu
re
R
esulta
nt
new
m
ul
tim
edia
app
li
cat
ion
s
f
or
m
ob
il
e
us
ers
.
Su
ggest
s
a
m
et
ho
d
of
this
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
a
ppli
cat
i
on
f
or
desig
ni
ng
a
sim
ple
fe
ed
netw
ork
to
su
ppl
y
the
re
quire
d
s
et
of
excit
at
io
n
vo
lt
ag
es.
Lit
tl
e
at
te
ntion
ha
s
the
giv
e
n
t
o
this
pro
blem
in
t
he
li
te
ratu
re
[
1]
,
S
.
Satr
us
al
ly
a
and
M.
N.
M
oh
a
nty,
[
2],
S.
Zhu,
H
.
Liu,
Z.
Che
n,
an
d
P.
W
e
n,
[2
]
,
I
.
G
harbi,
R.
Ba
rr
a
k
,
M.
Me
nif,
an
d
H.
Ra
ga
d.
T
he
m
et
ho
d
sugg
e
ste
d
her
e
the
r
equ
i
red
num
ber
of
stu
bs
or
m
at
ching
el
em
ents
the
su
bst
antia
ll
y redu
ce
d
i
n
c
om
par
iso
n
to
this
pro
blem
in
the li
te
ratur
e.
2
.
1.
Analysis
of M
ut
u
al
Coupli
ng
t
o
A
rr
ay Anten
na
Fo
r
N
anten
na
arr
ay
with
re
cei
vin
g
si
gn
al
at
the
kth
antenn
a
el
em
ent
V
k
can
be
ex
pr
e
ssed
as
the
receive
d
te
rm
i
nal volt
age:
=
+
(1)
Wh
e
re
U
k
to
th
e receive
d v
oltage.
And W
k
c
oupl
ed vo
lt
age
r
es
pe
ct
ively
.
The
c
ouple
d v
oltage
W
k
in
(
1)
of
t
he writt
en
as
:
=
1
1
+
2
2
…
…
+
(
−
1
)
−
1
+
(
−
1
)
+
1
(2)
w
h
e
r
e
Z
k
t
h
e
r
ecei
v
i
n
g
mu
t
u
al
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce
.
Th
e
te
r
m
i
n
a
l
c
u
rr
e
n
t
I
i
at
t
h
e
i
th
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
el
e
m
e
n
t
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
=
w
her
e
i
= 1,
2,….,
N
(3)
T
h
e
te
r
m
i
n
a
l
l
o
ad
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce
Z
L
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
nn
a
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
Pl
aci
ng
(2
)
a
n
d
(3
)
i
n
to
(1)
,
w
e
h
a
v
e:
=
+
1
1
+
2
2
+
⋯
+
(
−
1
)
−
1
+
⋯
+
(4)
T
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
U
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
V
k
a
s
w
e
w
r
i
t
e
i
n
a
m
a
t
r
i
x
a
s
:
[
1
2
.
.
.
.
]
1
∗
=
[
1
12
…
…
1
21
1
…
…
2
…
…
…
…
.
.
…
…
…
.
.
1
2
…
…
1
]
∗
[
1
2
.
.
.
.
]
1
∗
(5)
C
om
bi
ne
d
r
e
c
i
pr
oc
a
l
c
o
nj
un
c
t
i
on
t
he
r
e
a
di
l
y
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
im
m
e
di
at
e
ly
,
or
f
r
om
S
-
pa
r
a
m
et
e
r
s
,
t
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
on
s
hi
p
am
on
g
t
he
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
vo
l
t
a
ge
an
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
w
e
gi
ve
n
by
:
1
=
1
,
1
+
2
,
2
+
⋯
,
+
,
+
⋯
,
+
0
(6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
En
hance
men
t
ga
i
n of bro
adband ell
ipti
cal
microstri
p pa
t
c
h arr
ay an
te
nna
wi
th
m
utual…
(
Ali
Kha
li
d Jassim
)
219
wh
e
re Z
L
im
pe
dan
ce
is
giv
e
n
the r
el
at
io
nship
betwee
n vo
lt
age
a
nd curre
nt
by:
=
−
1
(7)
The rel
at
ion a
m
on
g
the
open
circuit
vo
lt
ag
e
s and term
inal vo
lt
age
s
we
wrote
as
[
1
+
11
12
…
…
1
21
1
+
22
…
…
2
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
.
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
.
1
2
…
…
1
+
]
∗
[
1
2
.
.
.
.
]
1
∗
=
[
01
02
.
.
.
.
0
]
1
∗
(8)
The
rati
o
of
t
he
co
uple
d
vo
lt
age
betwee
n
two
a
nten
nas
is
load
Z
L2
r
epr
ese
nt
the
r
ecei
vin
g
recip
ro
cal
i
m
ped
ance
[
9,
10
]
.
12
=
−
(
1
−
1
)
2
(9)
2
.
2
.
Ge
ome
tr
y
El
li
pt
ic
al
A
nt
enn
a Arr
ay
Factor
The
el
li
ptica
l a
nten
na
a
rr
ay
of the
geo
m
et
ry
with the
ori
gi
n
as the
ce
nter
is sh
own
i
n
Fi
gu
re
1
[
11
]
.
As
s
how
n
i
n
(
10)
sho
wn is
gi
ve
n
a
rr
ay
facto
r a
s:
Figure
1
.
The
r
e is an
ell
ipti
cal
an
te
nna
i
n X
Y
-
plane
(
,
∅
)
=
∑
[
(
)
(
(
)
(
∅
)
+
(
∅
)
(
∅
)
+
)
]
(10)
I
n
= T
he
am
plitu
de
of e
xcita
ti
on.
n
= Th
e
phase
of the
n
t
h
el
e
m
ent.
Θ
=
The
el
evat
ion
a
ngle
fro
m
z
-
axis
.
Ø
n
=
T
he
azi
m
uth
a
ngle
m
eas
ur
e
d from
the
x
-
a
xis
for
the
n
-
th
el
em
ent.
a
,
b
=
sem
i
-
m
a
j
or
a
nd m
ino
r
a
xes
res
pecti
vely
.
e
= ecce
nt
rici
ty
o
f
the
el
li
ptica
l
arr
ay
a
nd is
0.5
−
(
0
)
(
(
)
(
∅
0
)
+
(
∅
)
(
∅
0
)
+
)
(
11)
0
=
90˚
,
∅
0
=
0
˚
.
N
=
n
o
o
f
el
e
m
e
n
ts
i
s
2
A
re
a
(
A
)
=
∏
ab
(
)
=
∏
(
3
(
+
)
−
√
(
3
+
)
(
+
3
)
)
(12)
T
he
c
urre
nt d
is
tribu
ti
on
of the
sh
a
pe
will
the
m
od
el
ed
as fol
lows
[
12
]
.
=
̂
/
(13)
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
21
7
–
2
2
5
220
Wh
e
re
is t
he
t
otal cu
rr
e
nt f
l
owin
g on the cy
li
nd
er
of
diam
e
te
r
The
sh
a
pe
of
t
he
el
li
ptica
l
pa
tc
h
is
c
onsist
of
tw
o
ci
rcu
la
r
patches
with
ra
dii
at
ta
ch
t
o
th
e
m
ajo
r
a
nd
m
ino
r
a
xes
,
the
total
cu
rr
e
nts
on the
patch
ar
e
the s
um
o
f
c
urre
nts
on the t
wo circ
ular pat
ches.
1
(
,
)
=
∑
1
∞
=
1
1
(
,
)
(14)
2
(
,
)
=
∑
1
∞
=
1
2
(
,
)
(15)
Wh
e
re
1
(
,
)
and
2
(
,
)
ar
e
the
requisi
te
functi
ons
of
th
e
unknow
n
cu
r
ren
ts
on
t
he
ea
ch
ci
rc
ular
pat
ch
and
1
and
1
are
com
plex
co
eff
ic
ie
nts
of
the
un
known
curre
nts
on
each
ci
rc
ula
r
patc
h.
[
13
]
.
T
he
e
ng
a
gem
ent
m
od
e
nee
ds
pr
i
vate
ty
pes
of
ba
sic
f
un
ct
io
ns
to
m
od
el
the
curre
nt
in
the
vicinit
y
of
t
he
pro
be
patch
sect
io
n
a
nd
ca
n
be
ge
ne
rall
y
neg
li
gibl
e
fo
r
t
hin
s
ubstrat
es
bu
t
ca
nnot
be
ig
nored
for
thick
s
ubs
trat
es.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
e
ngagem
ent
m
od
e
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
exist
on
the
f
ic
ti
ti
ou
s
sm
all
ci
rcle
an
d
rep
l
aced
by
the
co
axial
wav
e
guide
with
a
n
in
ner
ra
di
us
r
o
/
2
a
nd
ou
te
r
ra
dius
r
.
The
t
otal
cu
r
ren
ts
on
the
pa
tc
h
an
d
pro
be
are
exp
a
nded
int
o.
(
,
)
=
∑
=
1
(
,
)
+
∑
=
1
(
,
)
+
(
ℎ
)
(16)
Wh
e
re
(
,
)
an
d
(
,
)
is
are
the
basic
f
un
ct
io
ns
on
th
e
patch
a
nd
on
the
pro
be
res
pe
ct
ively
and,
(
ℎ
)
is t
he
at
ta
chm
ent
m
od
e
[
14
]
F
or m
or
e i
n
f
or
m
at
ion
on t
he
s
ubj
ect
see
Re
fr
e
nce
[
2,
15
-
22]
.
3.
DESIG
N
SINGL
E A
ND ARR
A
Y
AN
TE
NNA A
ND SI
MU
L
ATIO
N RESULT
The
ge
om
et
ry
of
the
pro
po
se
d
sin
gle
an
d
arr
ay
ante
nn
a
s
for
wireless
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
app
li
cat
i
on
the
sh
ow
n
in
Figure
2
(
a,
b).
The
patch
of
the
antenn
a
is
in
the
sh
ape
of
an
el
li
ps
e,
and
it
s
di
m
e
ns
io
ns
il
lustrate
d
in
Table
(
1
).
The
anten
na
desi
gned
on
a
com
pact
FR
-
4
sub
strat
e
with
rel
at
ive
Perm
itti
vity
(ε
r
)
of
4.3
ha
ving
dim
ensions
(
17
×
14
×
1
.
6
)
mm
3
.
and
was
im
ple
m
ented
ar
ray
a
nten
na
ha
vi
ng
dim
ensio
ns
(32
*24
*1.
6)
m
m
3
to
i
m
pr
ove
the g
ai
n
a
nd o
pe
rated
mm
-
wav
e
wireless
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
T
he
pro
pose
d
sin
gle
an
d
ar
ray
a
ntenn
a
ge
om
et
ry
si
m
ulate
d
in
C
ST,
a
nd
th
e
ba
ndwidt
h
with
r
eflect
ion
C
oe
ffi
ci
ent
(S
11
)
obs
erv
e
d
sh
ow
n
in
F
ig
ure
3
(
a
, b
)
a
nd
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
the
ga
in
from
the sin
gle a
nt
en
na
is
arou
nd
(
6.8)
dB
i
to (
8) d
Bi
f
or
a
rr
ay
anten
na
as
sho
wn in
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
a,
b
).
Table
1
.
Desig
n
Pa
ram
et
ers
Para
m
eters
Valu
es in
mm
Para
m
eters
Valu
es in
mm
Para
m
eters
Valu
es in
m
m
W
14
L
17
H
1
.6
Rx
6
Ry
5
Wf
2
.8
Lf
5
XS
1
YS
2
RCS
2
.2
LG
4
WG
14
The
pro
posed
anten
na
has
pr
act
ic
al
ly
m
anu
factur
e
d
an
d
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
5
,
an
d
good
resu
lt
s
ha
ve
been
obta
ine
d
com
par
ed
to
the
sim
u
la
ti
on
resu
lt
s
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
6
.
T
he
P
racti
cal
Re
flect
ion
C
oeffici
ent
Ver
s
us
f
reque
ncy
to
20
GH
z
as
sho
wn
in
F
i
gure
7
.
T
he
sl
igh
t
dif
fer
e
nce
in
pr
ocess
res
ul
ts
and
sim
ulatio
n
is
du
e
to
t
he feed
er solde
rin
g
as
well
as the
con
necti
ons
of
t
he vect
or
netw
ork
an
al
yz
er.
(a)
(b)
Figure
2. The
Ell
ipti
c antenna (a) si
ngle
a
ntenn
a
, a
nd (b) a
rr
ay
a
nten
na
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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on
esi
a
n
J
E
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c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
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02
-
4752
En
hance
men
t
ga
i
n of bro
adband ell
ipti
cal
microstri
p pa
t
c
h arr
ay an
te
nna
wi
th
m
utual…
(
Ali
Kha
li
d Jassim
)
221
(a)
(b)
Fig
ure
3
.
The
r
eflect
ion
c
oe
ff
i
ci
ent v
e
rsus fre
qu
e
ncy
(a)
si
ngle
an
d (
b) ar
ray anten
na
(a)
(b)
Fig
ure
4.
Va
riat
ion
of g
ai
n wit
h
the
f
reque
nc
y
of the
pro
pos
ed
(a)
sin
gle and
(b)
a
rr
ay
a
ntenn
a
Figure
5.
The
pr
act
ic
al
pr
opose
d
si
ng
le
a
nte
nn
a
Fig
ure
6.
The
c
om
per
e
re
flect
ion coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
ver
s
us
freq
ue
nc
y
of r
es
ults si
m
ula
ti
on
a
n
d p
racti
cal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
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:
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
21
7
–
2
2
5
222
Figure
7.
The
re
flect
ion
c
oe
ff
i
ci
ent
ve
rsus fre
qu
e
ncy
of
prac
ti
cal
r
esults
The
gr
oup
ti
m
e
delay
of
the
sing
le
an
d
a
rr
a
y
antenn
a
desi
gn
e
d
s
hould
be
able
to
trans
m
it
e
le
ct
rical
pu
lse
with
m
in
i
m
u
m
distor
ti
on
,
cal
c
ulate
d
of
the
pro
pose
d
anten
na
is
ar
ound
t
o
ze
ro
wi
th
va
riat
ion
is
than
0.1n
s
ec d
ue
to
the f
re
que
ncy b
an
d
as s
how
n t
o
F
ig
ur
e
8.
T
he
volt
age sta
ndin
g
wa
ve rat
io (VS
WR)
is a
lso less
than
≤
2
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ure
9
so
t
hat
the
VSWR
is
the
rati
o
of
m
axim
u
m
vo
lt
age
or
cu
r
ren
t
t
o
m
ini
m
u
m
vo
lt
age
or
c
urren
t
at
any
point
it
con
side
rs
as
a
m
easur
e
for
the
m
is
m
atch
bet
ween
th
e
li
ne
and
the
loa
d.
The
final
a
ntenn
a
has
an
im
ped
a
nce
ba
ndwidth
real
a
nd
i
m
aginar
y
pa
rts
of
the
i
nput
i
m
ped
ance
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
igures
10
a
nd
1
1
resp
ect
ivel
y.
Fig
ure
8.
The
gro
up tim
e d
el
ay
to
the
pro
po
sed
anten
na
Fig
ure
9.
The
VSW
R
of t
he
pro
po
se
d
a
nten
na
Fig
ure
10.
T
he
r
eal
im
ped
anc
e of the
pro
pos
ed
a
rr
ay
anten
na
Fig
ure
11.
T
he
i
m
aginar
y i
m
ped
ance
of
t
he
pro
posed
arr
ay
a
nten
na
The
res
ult
2D
/
3D
as
s
how
n
in
F
igure
12
s
how
to
E
-
fiel
d
and
H
-
fiel
d
di
stribu
ti
on
f
or
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
15.5G
Hz
an
d
30G
Hz
F
ig
ur
e
12
(
a,
b,
c,
d)
r
especti
vely
an
d
cu
rr
e
nt
surfa
ce
dist
rib
ution
in
F
ig
ur
e
9
(
e,
f)
a
nd
F
igure
9
(
g,
h
)
sh
ow
far
-
fiel
d
po
la
r
f
or
m
an
d
gain
patte
r
n
in
f
reque
ncy
15.
5GHz
is
3
.
1
48dB
a
nd
f
requen
cy
30G
Hz
is
3
.
88
dB.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
En
hance
men
t
ga
i
n of bro
adband ell
ipti
cal
microstri
p pa
t
c
h arr
ay an
te
nna
wi
th
m
utual…
(
Ali
Kha
li
d Jassim
)
223
(a)
.
E
-
Fiel
d dis
tribu
ti
on at
f=
15.
5GHz
(b)
.
H
-
Fiel
d di
stribu
ti
on at
f
=
15.5 G
Hz
(c)
.
E
-
Fiel
d
dis
tribu
ti
on at
f=
30G
Hz
(d)
.
H
-
Fiel
d
di
stribu
ti
on at
f
=
30G
Hz
(
e)
.
Cu
rr
e
nt s
urface
distrib
utio
n
at
f=15.
5GH
z
(f)
.
C
urren
t
sur
face
distrib
utio
n
at
f=30
GH
z
(g)
.
Far
fiel
d pol
ar for
m
at f=15.
5GHz
(h)
.
Far
fiel
d pol
ar for
m
at f=30GHz
Fig
ure
12.
Far
f
ie
ld 2D/3
D res
ults[a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h]
The
fail
ed
bro
adb
a
nd
to
the
pro
po
se
d
a
ntenn
a
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1
3
s
hows
the
total
gain
patte
r
n
with
3d
B
ang
ul
ar w
i
dth
is
19.
9
dB
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S
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:
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
21
7
–
2
2
5
224
Fig
ure
1
3.
Gai
n
patte
rn for
fa
irfiel
d
broa
db
a
nd to
t
he
pro
posed
a
nten
na
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
new
broa
db
and
m
ic
ro
strip
el
li
ptica
l
singl
e
and
ar
ray
a
nten
na
in
s
uggested
an
d
st
udie
d
with
op
ti
m
u
m
par
a
m
et
ers
us
in
g
a
n
FR
-
4
substr
at
e
with
relat
ive
diele
ct
ric
con
sta
nt
=
4
.
3
.
The
band
width
of
sing
t
he
le
a
ntenn
a
is
(
6.9
5
-
30.94
)
G
Hz
wh
ic
h
c
ov
e
rs
m
any
wireless
ap
plica
ti
on
s
(su
c
h
as
5G
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
an
d
m
axi
m
um
gain
of
6.8d
Bi
.
It
is
al
so
note
d
that
the
slots
in
the
gr
ou
nd
im
pr
ove
the
band
width
wh
en
as
the
slots in
the
patch
m
od
i
fy
the
gain
,
and
f
ab
ricat
e
the
pro
pose
d
an
te
nn
a
a
nd
te
st
it
us
ing
the
vect
or
net
work
analy
zer
(VNR)
a
nd
co
m
par
e
the
si
m
ulati
on
a
nd
te
st
resu
lt
s.
T
he
a
nten
na
ha
s
a
good
th
e
band
width
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
is
24G
Hz
.
Als
o
the,
gain
the
ca
n
be
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
by
pro
po
si
ng
by
im
ple
m
rn
te
d
a
nten
na
arr
ay
is
8dBi
,
with
a
2D/
3
D
total
gain
broa
dban
d
patte
rn
with
3d
B
a
ngular
wi
dth
is
19.
9
dBi
.
al
l
these
su
ggest
io
n
a
re
require
d
t
o
m
ake
the
pro
pos
ed
a
nten
na
to
serv
e
the
new
gen
e
rati
ons
of
m
ob
il
e
and
wireless
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
. T
he
siz
e
of th
e pro
posed
ell
ipti
c
al
arr
ay
a
nt
enn
a
is
(
32
×
24
×
1
.
6
)
3
.
REFERE
NCE
S
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l
y
a
a
nd
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anty
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esign
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arr
a
y
an
tenna
for
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5G
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ss
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enha
nced
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na
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W
it
h
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ss
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ave
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ti
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Ea
stern
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EEE
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ival
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ere
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ud
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
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4752
En
hance
men
t
ga
i
n of bro
adband ell
ipti
cal
microstri
p pa
t
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ay an
te
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wi
th
m
utual…
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Ali
Kha
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il
li
m
et
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e
comm
unic
at
io
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ave
)
for
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r
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MIM
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uture
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ic
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iffe
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