Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 2,
February 20
1
6
, pp. 365 ~
370
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp36
5-3
7
0
365
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 4, 20
15;
Revi
se
d Ja
n
uar
y 11, 201
6
;
Accepte
d
Ja
nuary 29, 20
1
6
Inset Feed Toppled H-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna
for PCS/WiMAX Application
Mohammad Anee
sh*
1
, Mohd Gulman
Siddiqui
2
, J.A Ans
a
ri
3
, Ashish Singh
4
, Kamakshi
5
1,2,
3,5
Department of Electronic
s
& Communic
a
tion U
n
ivers
i
ty of All
aha
ba
d,
Alla
hab
ad-
211
002, Indi
a
4
Departme
n
t of Electronics a
n
d
Commu
nicati
on Ra
gh
u Engi
neer
ing C
o
ll
eg
e,
Visakh
apat
na
m - 53116
2, India
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: anees
ha
u14
@gmai
l
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In this pap
er, an ins
e
t feed topp
led H-s
h
a
p
ed
mi
crostri
p
p
a
tch ante
nna
w
i
th groun
ded
pla
ne i
s
investi
gate
d
fo
r triple b
a
n
d
o
perati
on. T
he s
i
mu
lati
on
of pr
opos
ed a
n
ten
n
a
ge
o
m
etry ha
s bee
n perfor
m
e
d
usin
g IE3D
si
mu
lati
on s
o
ftware
base
d
on
meth
od
of
mo
me
nt. T
he
prot
otype
of the
pr
opos
ed
ante
n
n
a
h
a
s
bee
n fa
bricate
d
a
nd test
ed
to val
i
date
the
si
mul
a
tio
n
w
o
rk. T
he
mea
s
ured
resu
lts i
ndic
a
te th
at t
h
e
reflectio
n
co
efficient
is better
than -1
0dB fo
r 1.8 GH
z
(PC
S
), 3.5 GH
z
(
W
iMAX), and
5.5 GH
z
(W
iMAX
)
freque
ncies.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Inset feed, T
oppl
e
d
, Persona
l co
mmu
n
icati
on S
ystems, Multib
and
Copy
right
©
2016 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
With the bloo
ming of recen
t
communi
cat
i
on
system
s, microstri
p
pat
ch anten
na
s (MSAs)
gaine
d utmo
st attention of
antenn
a d
e
ve
lopers
be
cau
s
e
of its
stri
ki
ng featu
r
e
s
such
a
s
lo
w
co
st,
easy inte
gration, ea
sy fab
r
icatio
n, light
weig
ht
an
d
omni di
re
ctio
nal radiation
pattern. T
hese
antenn
as are
in ma
ssive
deman
d d
u
e
to its a
ppli
c
ations in
sev
e
ral fiel
ds su
ch
as pe
rson
a
l
comm
uni
cati
on sy
stems
(PCS), and
world
w
ide i
n
teroperability for microwave a
c
cess (WiMA
X
)
etc. [1-3]. M
SAs be
come
more
admi
r
ed when
a single a
n
tenn
a ca
n be
used to op
erat
e the
sign
als fo
r d
ual and t
r
iple
freque
ncy b
and
s. The
s
e
rema
rkable f
eature
s
of a
n
t
enna
s pe
rsu
ade
the research
ers to de
sign
MSAs for multiband op
eration so that a single MSA
can be used
for
multiple freq
u
ency ba
nd
s.
Nume
ro
us lit
eratu
r
e
s
are
pre
s
ente
d
on
the de
sign o
f
MSA for du
al and tri
p
le f
r
equ
en
cy
band
s [4
-12].
Subsequ
entl
y
, plethora
s
of multi
ban
d
MSAs have
been
re
po
rte
d
[13-26] d
u
e
to
recent
advan
ceme
nt in
th
ese
ante
nna
s. In [
15],
a
revie
w
has
been
re
po
rte
d
for du
al a
n
d
multiband
de
sign
s
of MSA
s
. In [1
6-1
7
],
stacke
d a
nd f
r
actal
p
a
tch
a
n
tenna
s
we
re
propo
sed
a
n
d
they obtain
e
d
triple
ban
d f
o
r
appli
c
ation
of ce
llula
r p
hone,
GPS, satellite
com
m
unication. T
w
o
integrate
d
p
a
t
ch ante
nna
s wa
s inve
sti
gated in
[18]
with resona
ting freq
uen
cies 2.4
5
G
H
z
(WLAN),
3.5
GHz (WiMAX
) an
d 5.5 G
H
z
(WiMAX)
appli
c
ation
s
usin
g
gla
s
s epoxy
su
bst
r
ate
.
Few
othe
r te
chni
que
s
su
ch a
s
u
s
ing
m
e
tamateri
al [19], defe
c
ted
gro
und
plan
e [20], pa
ra
si
tic
element
s [21], and vara
cte
r
diode
s [22]
were im
plem
ented on the
desi
gn of MSAs for achievi
ng
multi band
freque
nci
e
s fo
r differe
nt va
luable
appli
c
ations. T
here
a
fter a
crescent-shap
ed
wa
s
repo
rted
by
See et al. [
23] an
d the
y
achi
eved
multiband
re
spo
n
se of
p
r
opo
se
d a
n
tenna
geomet
ry for mobile wi
rel
e
ss appli
c
ati
ons. A triple
band
sola
r cell stacke
d MSA loaded
with
multiple L-slo
t
was re
po
rted by Yurdu
s
even et
al [24] and this antenna
wa
s re
son
a
ting
at
freque
nci
e
s
2
.
5/3.3/5.8 GHz. Fu
rth
e
r fe
w mo
re p
a
tch anten
na
s b
a
se
d on
sin
g
le feed
stacked
patch ante
n
n
a
[25], and C-slot pat
ch a
n
tenna [26]
were rep
o
rte
d
. Most of th
e above rep
o
rted
patch
ante
n
n
a
s ope
rate
in
dual and trip
le band freq
u
ency ope
ratio
n
and lack b
e
tter efficien
cy
and fre
que
ncy ratio. This wo
rk i
s
hi
g
h
ly mo
tivated from the
above repo
rt
ed literatu
r
e
and
devoted to
de
sign
a tri
p
le b
and p
a
tch
ant
enna fo
r P
C
S
and
WiMAX
appli
c
ation
s
so that a
sin
g
l
e
antenn
a ca
n operate for m
u
ltiband fre
q
u
enci
e
s
with b
e
tter efficien
cy and freque
n
c
y ratio.
In this
pap
er,
an i
n
set fee
d
toppl
ed
H-sha
ped
micro
s
trip
patch a
n
tenna
with
grou
nde
d
plane i
s
p
r
o
p
o
se
d for t
r
iple
band
s frequ
enci
e
s. T
he p
r
opo
se
d ante
nna o
perates
at 1.8, 3.5, a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 365 – 370
366
5.5 GHz freq
uen
cie
s
. The novelty of this wo
rk i
s
that, we have achieved triple f
r
equ
en
cy ban
ds
with
sufficie
n
t ban
dwi
d
th
without u
s
ing
a
n
y, thic
k sub
s
trate
such a
s
foa
m
, shorti
ng pi
n, sta
cked
patch o
r
wit
hout modification in the feed.
The prop
osed an
tenna is de
sign
ed with
thin
inexpen
sive, low diel
ectri
c
con
s
tant F
R
4
sub
s
trate.
This pa
per is organi
zed
a
s
follo
ws; Se
cti
on
2 d
eal
s with
de
sign
of propo
sed
antenn
a
geomet
ry an
d its fab
r
i
c
ati
on. Sectio
n 3
hold
s
th
e
re
sult an
d di
scussion; a
nd f
i
nally Sectio
n
4
puts the con
c
lusio
n
of entire study.
2. Ante
nna Design
This
se
ction
sh
ows the
geom
etry format
io
n p
r
o
c
e
s
s of p
r
o
posed a
n
ten
na. Th
e
prop
osed a
n
tenna
of dime
nsio
n
L
g
×
W
g
i
s
de
sig
ned o
n
FR4
su
bst
r
ate with di
ele
c
tri
c
co
nsta
nt
ε
r
=
4.4 an
d h
e
ig
ht
h
=
1.6
0
mm
a
s
sho
w
n
in Figu
re 1
(
a). For
the
f
o
rmatio
n
of p
r
opo
se
d
a
n
te
nna
geomet
ry, firstly two strips
of dimen
s
ion
s
L
1
×
W
an
d
L
2
×
W
are et
ched on the u
pper
side
of the
recta
ngul
ar p
a
tch at coord
i
nate (0, 0
)
. Furt
he
r, two
vertical
strip
s
of dimensi
o
n
L
3
×
W
and t
w
o
hori
z
ontal
st
ri
ps
of dime
nsi
on
L
4
×
W
are
etche
d
at th
e
co
ordi
nate
(+
10, 0), (-1
0,
0) and
(0,
+1
0),
(0, -1
0) resp
ectively. In the next step
, six vertical
strip
s
of di
mensi
on
L
5
×
W
are etche
d
at
coo
r
din
a
tes (5, 10),
(-5,
10
), (5, -10
)
, (-5
,
-10),
(15,
0)
and
(-1
5, 0)
resp
ectively o
n
the u
ppe
r si
de
of the patch.
Although the
lowe
r po
rtion
of the patch
i
s
fully groun
d
ed an
d covers dim
ensi
o
n
s
o
f
L
g
×
W
g
, th
e
microstri
p
lin
e feed
is u
s
ed fo
r the
e
x
citation of
the p
r
o
posed
anten
na. T
h
e
necessa
ry nu
meri
cal a
naly
s
is
and
suita
b
le ge
om
etri
cal pa
ramete
rs of the p
r
op
o
s
ed
anten
na
are
obtaine
d with
the aid
of the ele
c
troma
gnetic
si
m
u
la
tion soft
ware
IE3D, an
d the be
st d
e
si
gn
para
m
eters a
r
e reveal
ed i
n
Table 1. The fabri
c
ated
design of propo
sed ante
nna is sho
w
n
in
Figure 1(b
)
.
Table 1. De
si
gn sp
ecifi
c
ati
ons
Parameter
Value
Parameter
Value
L
g
40 mm
L
5
10 mm
W
g
40 mm
W
2 mm
L
1
40 mm
h
1.60 mm
L
2
40 mm
ε
r
4.4
L
3
20 mm
tan
∂
0.002
L
4
20 mm
L
g
W
g
h
Y
X
L
1
L
2
L
5
L
4
L
4
L
3
L
3
L
5
L
5
L
5
L
5
W
W
L
5
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. (a) I
n
set feed top
p
led H-shap
e
d
micros
t
r
ip p
a
tch ante
nna
stru
cture; (b)
Fabri
c
ate
d
inset feed top
p
led H-shap
e
d
microst
r
ip p
a
tch ante
nna
3. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
For tri
p
le
ban
d op
eratio
n, the p
r
op
osed
antenn
a
is fe
d by in
set fee
d
ing. Th
e
sim
u
lation
of pro
p
o
s
ed
antenn
a ha
s been
pe
rformed u
s
in
g
method
of m
o
ment b
a
sed
IE3D
simula
tion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Inset Fee
d
Topple
d
H-S
h
a
ped Micro
s
tri
p
Patch Ante
nna for…
(Mo
ham
m
ad Aneesh
)
367
softwa
r
e [27].
The pro
p
o
s
e
d
antenn
a de
sign h
a
s b
e
e
n
fabri
c
ated f
o
r the validati
on of simul
a
tion
work. An SM
A conn
ecto
r
of 50 ohm im
peda
nce is
conne
cted fo
r the excitation
of the propo
sed
antenn
a geo
metry. The reflection
coef
ficient
of pro
posed ante
n
na ha
s be
en
measured u
s
ing
N52
30 netwo
rk an
alyze
r
. The detail in
format
ion ab
out desig
ned
antenna ch
ara
c
teri
stics
are
discu
s
sed in this sectio
n.
The
cu
rre
nt d
i
stributio
n of t
he p
r
op
osed
antenn
a
is sh
own i
n
Fig
u
re
s 2
(
a
)
-(b) an
d (c)
at
freque
nci
e
s 1
.
8 GHz,
3.5
GHz, an
d 5.
5 G
H
z resp
e
c
tively. From
these Fi
gure
s
, it i
s
o
b
served
that a go
od
amount
of current with
d
i
fferent
len
g
th app
ea
rs
o
n
the p
a
tch
of the p
r
opo
sed
geomet
ry. This differe
nt le
ngth of cu
rre
n
ts is
re
spo
n
s
ible fo
r ge
n
e
rating t
r
iple
band
re
son
a
n
ce
freque
nci
e
s.
The
cu
rre
nt
flowing i
n
th
ree
dire
ction
s
o
n
the
pa
tch d
ue to
whi
c
h a
n
ten
n
a
cha
r
a
c
teri
stics improves in
good ra
diatio
n mode.
(a)
(b)
(c
)
Figure 2. Simulated current
distributio
n
a
t
(a) 1.8 GHz
(b) 3.5 G
H
z (c) 5.5 G
H
z
Figure 3
sho
w
s the va
riati
on of
refle
c
tio
n
coefficie
n
t for diffe
rent
di
electri
c
materials. It is
observed that
with decre
asing the
value
of dielectri
c
sub
s
trate fro
m
FR4 to foa
m
, the reso
n
ant
freque
nci
e
s
a
r
e shifted to
wards
high
er resona
nce side and th
e value of refle
c
tion coeffici
e
n
ts
increa
se
s. Th
is hap
pen
s b
e
ca
use the di
electri
c
con
s
tant of the su
bstrate i
s
dire
ctly propo
rtio
nal
to the resona
nt frequen
cy of patch ante
nna.
Figure 4
sho
w
s th
e vari
ation in
refle
c
tio
n
co
e
fficient f
o
r different h
e
ights
of the
material.
It reveals tha
t, with de
cre
a
sin
g
the
hei
ght from
h
=1
.60 mm to
h
=0.13
mm, seco
nd, an
d t
h
ird
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 365 – 370
368
band a
r
e
shif
ted towa
rd th
e highe
r re
so
nan
ce si
de where
a
s first b
and is
shifted
towards lo
wer
resona
nce si
de.
Figure 5
sho
w
s th
e comp
arison of
sim
u
lated
a
nd m
easure
d
refle
c
tion
coeffici
ents at
variou
s fre
q
u
enci
e
s. It is o
b
se
rved that t
he propo
se
d
antenn
a op
erates in tri
p
le f
r
equ
en
cy ban
ds
at 1.8 GHz
(1.743 G
H
z –
1.857
G
H
z),
3.5 GHz
(3.
294 G
H
z – 3
.
7 GHz), a
n
d
5.5 GHz
(5.
205
GHz – 5.94
GHz) a
nd thi
s
hap
pen
s be
cau
s
e the
a
d
d
ing of gro
u
n
d
plane o
n
propo
sed a
n
ten
na,
a coupli
ng
ca
pacita
n
ce i
s
gene
rated
be
tween
the
up
per
patch a
n
d
groun
d pl
a
ne
sin
c
e
radi
ating
stru
cture imp
r
oves. The
s
e
operatin
g fre
quen
cy band
s meet the demand
s for PCS and WiM
AX
appli
c
ation
s
.
From this f
i
gure it al
so
rev
eals th
a
t
the simulat
ed and m
e
a
s
ured reflecti
o
n
coeffici
ents (S
11
≤
-10 dB) of propo
se
d
antenn
a are in
good
agree
ment, only minor di
scre
pan
cy
occurs
be
cau
s
e of th
e irre
gular fabri
c
at
ion an
d
sold
ering
joint lo
sses
whi
c
h
wa
s not i
n
cl
u
ded
durin
g sim
u
la
tion.
Figure 6
sho
w
s the
plot f
o
r m
e
a
s
u
r
ed
gai
n
a
nd
efficien
cy of
propo
sed
ante
nna
at
variou
s fre
q
u
enci
e
s. T
he
gain of th
e p
r
opo
se
d
a
n
te
nna at
ope
rat
i
ng fre
que
nci
e
s
1.8, 3.5, a
nd
5.5 GHz are f
ound 4.4
4
, 6.15, and 6.57
dBi respe
c
ti
vely. The efficiency of pro
p
o
se
d anten
na
is
found 69.5
3
%
, 95%, and 88.15% at re
son
a
ting freq
uen
cie
s
1.8, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz re
spe
c
ti
vely.
Figure 3. Refl
ection
coeffici
ent variation for
several diele
c
tric mate
rials
Figure 4. Refl
ection
coeffici
ent variation for
several heig
h
t
s of dielect
r
ic material
Figure 5. Co
mpari
s
o
n
ofsi
mulated an
d
measuredreflection coe
ffici
ent variation
at
variou
s freq
u
enci
e
s
Figure 6. Measu
r
ed g
a
in a
nd efficien
cy of
prop
osed ant
enna at vario
u
s freq
uen
cie
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Inset Fee
d
Topple
d
H-S
h
a
ped Micro
s
tri
p
Patch Ante
nna for…
(Mo
ham
m
ad Aneesh
)
369
(a)
(b)
(c
)
Figure 7. Co
mparative plo
t
for radiation
pattern
at fre
quen
cie
s
(a
)
1.8 GHz (b
) 3
.
5 GHz
(c) 5.5
GHz
Radi
ation pat
tern of propo
sed a
n
tenn
a is sh
own in Fi
gure
7 (a
)-(b
) and (c). It sh
ows the
comp
arative plot for
E
-
H
plane radi
atio
n
pattern
of prop
osed
a
n
tenna
at freq
uen
cie
s
1.8,
3.5,
and
5.5 G
H
z re
spe
c
tively. From
the
s
e
figure
s
, it i
s
ob
serve
d
th
at the p
r
op
o
s
ed
ante
nna
is
radiatin
g ma
ximum po
we
r in b
r
oa
dsi
de dire
ctio
n
within the
operating b
a
nds. T
he 3
dB
beam
width of
pro
p
o
s
ed
an
tenna a
r
e
cal
c
ulate
d
a
s
58
˚
, 58.3
˚
, 52.7
˚
for
E
-pl
ane (
E-
θ
,
φ
=0
˚
)
and
48
˚
, 49
˚
, 45
˚
for
H
-pla
ne (
E-
θ
,
φ
=9
0
˚
)
at frequ
enci
e
s 1.8, 3.5,
a
nd 5.5 G
H
z
respe
c
tively. It
mean
s that, at 1.8, 3.5, a
nd 5.
5 GHz, antenn
a radi
ates mo
st of
the power at
these spe
c
ified
beam
width
s
.
4. Conclusio
n
An in
set fee
d
toppl
ed
H-sha
ped
microstr
ip
p
a
tch
antenn
a h
a
ve be
en
presented. T
he
prop
osed a
n
tenna
ha
s three differ
ent reso
nant freq
uen
cie
s
which
offer at 1.8
/
3.5/5.5 GHz for
triple ba
nd o
peratio
n with
the ce
nter f
r
eque
ncy ratios of
F
c2
/
F
c1
=1.94, a
n
d
F
c3
/
F
c2
=1.57 which
provide
s
le
ss interfere
n
ce
with other
coexis
ting a
p
p
lication b
and
s. The propo
sed a
n
tenn
a
is
expecte
d to
be a
goo
d
candid
a
te for
PCS/WiMAX
appli
c
ation
s
due to it
s hi
gher gai
n, b
e
tter
efficien
cy, and good radiati
on ch
ara
c
te
ri
stics.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 365 – 370
370
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