I
n
d
on
e
s
ian
Jou
r
n
al
o
f
E
lec
t
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ica
l
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n
gin
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in
g
a
n
d
Com
p
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t
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r
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c
ience
Vo
l
.
25
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
ua
r
y
2022
,
pp.
388
~
395
I
S
S
N:
2502
-
4752,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
25
.i
1
.
pp388
-
395
388
Jou
r
n
al
h
o
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e
page
:
ht
tp:
//
ij
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c
s
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s of
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s u
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r
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n
17
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R
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vi
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14
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2021
A
c
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pt
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d
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v
25
,
2021
H
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t
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face
fi
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dr
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du.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
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ON
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i
t
h
t
h
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gr
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n
g
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m
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m
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m
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ge
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(
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d
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o
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r
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f
o
r
t
h
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us
r
e
s
[
1]
,
[
2]
.
M
a
ny
pe
o
p
l
e
pr
e
f
e
r
to
us
e
r
o
a
d
tr
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n
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po
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t
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v
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m
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t
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o
,
a
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d
t
r
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t
r
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v
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ng.
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hi
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ke
s
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g
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m
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de
d
de
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na
t
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dd
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t
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s
[
1]
,
[
3]
.
On
t
h
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ot
h
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r
h
a
n
d,
t
h
e
5G
c
omm
u
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t
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d
pr
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g
h
-
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pe
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d
d
a
t
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r
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t
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hi
g
h
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pa
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m
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l
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t
h
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s
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pr
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bl
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m
s
.
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v
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l
wo
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t
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li
t
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t
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a
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x
t
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n
d
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c
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ll
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v
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r
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t
h
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o
ugh
m
o
bil
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s
t
a
t
i
o
n
us
e
[
3]
-
[
5]
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
wo
r
ks
f
o
c
us
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d
o
n
s
e
r
vi
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g
i
ndo
or
us
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r
s
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d
pr
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po
s
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d
wa
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s
t
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t
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mi
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S
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t
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[
6]
,
[
7]
.
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[
8]
,
[
9
]
.
S
h
a
h
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t
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l
.
[
10
]
di
s
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u
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d
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c
o
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pt
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m
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s
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(
m
P
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to
pr
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m
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i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
r
o
ugh
put
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
t
o
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
no
i
s
e
r
a
t
i
o
(
S
I
NR
)
t
h
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
i
n
[
11]
,
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
to
r
e
l
a
y
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
n
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
y
u
s
e
m
o
bil
e
r
e
l
a
y
s
t
o
a
c
hi
e
v
e
a
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
n
t
ga
i
n
f
o
r
pu
bl
i
c
t
r
a
n
s
po
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
v
e
hi
c
l
e
s
.
A
s
s
e
g
i
e
e
t
al.
[
12]
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
a
m
o
de
l
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
bil
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
pr
o
vi
ng
i
t
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
hi
n
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
.
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
o
de
li
ng
t
e
c
hni
que
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
a
c
hi
e
vi
ng
t
h
e
hi
g
h
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
f
o
r
a
l
l
us
e
r
s
i
n
de
ns
e
e
r
e
a
f
o
r
5G
Ne
t
w
o
r
ks
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
t
e
c
hni
gue
s
i
s
us
i
n
g
m
o
bil
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
s
t
ud
i
e
d
i
n
[
13]
.
Al
t
h
o
ugh
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
wo
r
ks
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
us
i
ng
t
h
e
m
o
bil
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
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t
h
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r
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c
e
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ve
d
s
i
g
n
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l
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t
h
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y
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d
n
ot
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ddr
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pe
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f
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t
i
o
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i
ng
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o
ut
a
ge
pr
o
b
a
bil
i
t
y
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
[
14]
.
T
h
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
ut
i
o
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t
hi
s
pa
pe
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a
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a
r
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o
to
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t
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a
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d
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f
o
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ge
r
s
t
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us
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a
s
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t
a
ll
m
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l
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M
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No
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,
t
h
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M
S
w
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ll
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m
p
li
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y
t
hi
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ge
r
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e
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l
f
r
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n
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m
ni
-
d
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r
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a
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h
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n
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r
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a
n
pr
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vi
de
360°
s
i
g
n
a
l
c
o
v
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r
a
ge
M
S
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
s
i
g
na
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
e
s
t
e
NB
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
n
d
i
t
a
f
t
e
r
a
m
p
l
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
t
y
pe
s
o
f
M
S
:
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
i
s
a
m
p
l
if
y
a
n
d
f
o
r
wa
r
d
(
AF
)
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
t
i
s
l
o
w
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
e
a
s
y
i
n
c
o
nf
igur
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
i
s
na
m
e
ly
de
c
o
de
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
r
wa
r
d
(
DF
)
,
whi
c
h
i
s
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n
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de
s
t
h
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s
i
g
n
a
l
b
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f
o
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t
r
a
n
s
mi
s
s
io
n
to
i
t
s
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n
[
15]
.
DF
r
e
m
o
v
e
s
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
t
h
a
t
a
c
c
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pa
ni
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t
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l
s
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g
n
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l
t
h
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r
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f
o
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e
,
i
t
i
s
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
n
AF
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
2.
P
ROP
OS
E
D
M
ODE
L
As
de
p
i
c
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1
,
we
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
i
e
r
o
f
e
NB
de
p
l
o
y
e
d
w
h
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r
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t
h
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us
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r
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n
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de
t
h
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l
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v
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d
t
h
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s
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g
n
a
l
vi
a
t
wo
l
i
nks
,
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
i
nk
(
DL
)
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
f
r
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m
e
N
B
w
hi
l
e
t
h
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o
n
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
by
t
he
m
o
bil
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
M
S
l
i
nk
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
s
i
g
na
l
vi
a
DL
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
by
t
hi
s
[
6]
,
[
17
]
:
(
)
=
√
ℎ
(
)
+
(
)
(
1)
wh
e
r
e
(
)
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
vi
a
t
h
e
di
r
e
c
t
l
i
n
k,
√
i
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
p
o
we
r
f
r
o
m
e
NB
,
ℎ
i
s
t
h
e
c
h
a
nne
l
b
e
t
we
e
n
e
NB
a
n
d
R
S
,
(
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s
t
h
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dd
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t
i
v
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hi
t
e
ga
us
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
AW
GN
)
a
t
de
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
[
6]
,
[
18]
.
Ha
l
f
-
dup
l
e
x
m
o
de
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
to
a
v
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d
s
e
l
f
-
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
[
19]
,
[
20]
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
s
l
o
t
d
i
vi
de
d
b
e
t
we
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n
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
pt
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
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r
e
c
e
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v
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d
r
a
d
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o
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
(
RF
)
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
t
f
i
r
s
t
ti
m
e
s
l
o
t
1
i
s
:
(
1
)
=
√
ℎ
m
(
1
)
+
√
ℎ
(
2
)
+
(
)
(
2)
wh
e
r
e
ℎ
m
i
s
t
h
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h
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nne
l
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we
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d
(
)
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tr
a
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s
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t
t
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ny
s
l
o
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,
ℎ
a
i
s
a
c
c
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s
s
l
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nk
b
e
t
we
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n
MS
,
a
n
d
us
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r
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qu
i
p
m
e
n
t
(
U
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s
us
e
r
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qu
i
p
men
t
[
6]
,
[
21
]
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
de
l
f
o
r
f
i
r
s
t
t
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r
c
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l
l
u
l
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r
ne
t
wo
r
k
us
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g
M
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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25
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N
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1
,
J
a
n
ua
r
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22
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388
-
395
390
M
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1
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(
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1
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2
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(
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(
3)
a
t
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upl
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a
d
t
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us
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tr
a
n
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s
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r
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t
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w
o
s
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de
s
[
6]
,
[
22]
:
|
(
1
)
|
2
=
|
(
√
ℎ
m
(
1
)
+
√
ℎ
(
2
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+
(
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|
2
(
4)
a
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a
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t
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|
(
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2
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(
wa
tt
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:
=
2
|
√
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m
(
1
)
+
√
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(
2
)
)
+
(
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|
2
(
5)
=
√
|
ℎ
m
|
2
+
|
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a
|
2
+
(
)
(
6)
w
hil
e
t
h
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v
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d
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by
t
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2
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I
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[
22]
,
[
21]
.
F
or
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[
22]
,
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23
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wh
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[
23]
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25
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Out
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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3.
RE
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[
1]
A
.
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s
s
i,
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.
E
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n,
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. V
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hnol
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l.
66, n
o
. 12, p
p. 10676
–
10691, 2017, do
i:
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vt
.2017.2734684.
[
2]
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. 20, n
o
. 3, pp. 1471
–
1478, 2020, d
o
i:
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11591/i
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c
s
.v
20.i
3.pp1471
-
1478.
[
3]
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.
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. M
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, pp. 19
–
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614261.
[
4]
P
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n,
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.
Z
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hi
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lu
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io
ns
,”
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hi
na
C
om
m
un.
,
vo
l.
13, n
o
. S
uppl
e
m
e
nt
2, 2016, pp. 1
–
13, 2016, d
o
i:
10.1109
/C
C
.2016.7833456.
[
5]
H
.
L
ia
ng,
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.
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om
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, vo
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0, 2020, do
i:
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8893631.
[
6]
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W
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l.
C
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un.
, v
ol
. 18, n
o
. 7, pp. 3329
–
3346, 2019, d
o
i:
10.1109/
T
W
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.2019.2908158.
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E
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l.
22,
no
.
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p.
866,
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do
i:
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c
s
.v
22.i
2.pp866
-
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8]
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,
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.2013.6649288.
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9]
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. I
nt
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0020014.
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]
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hi
na C
om
m
un.
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l.
15, n
o
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159
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, do
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.
c
c
.2018.12.013
.
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om
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. N
e
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or
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s
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o
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178, p. 107359, 2020, d
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016/
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2020.107359.
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22,
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379
–
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13]
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l.
15,
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.
2,
pp.
962
–
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i:
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15.
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.pp962
-
970.
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14]
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ob.
C
om
put
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l.
2021,
2021,
do
i:
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2021/8865615.
[
15]
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C
om
m
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N
e
tw
.
,
vo
l.
12,
n
o
.
12,
pp.
390
–
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,
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do
i:
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O
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N
.3
99326
.
[
16]
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. C
. N
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.
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. F
r
ank
li
n I
ns
t.
,
vo
l.
357,
n
o
.
17
, pp. 1
–
26, 2020, do
i:
10.1016/j
.
j
f
r
a
nkl
in
.2020.09.037.
[
17]
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.
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ng.
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i.
T
e
c
hnol
.
, vo
l.
15, n
o
. 3, pp. 1685
–
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[
18]
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.
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.
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ng
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o
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. C
om
m
un.
, v
o
l.
5, n
o
. 4, pp. 348
–
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o
i:
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c
m.5.4.348
-
353.
[
19]
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c
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s
,
v
o
l.
5,
pp.
8025
–
8038,
2017,
do
i:
10.1109/AC
C
E
S
S
.2017.2684542.
[
20]
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.
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t.
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.
,
vo
l.
15,
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o
.
2,
pp.
1693
–
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i:
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s
y
s
t.
2020.2990363.
[
21]
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ir
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l.
C
om
m
un. M
ob. C
om
put
.
, vo
l.
2021, 2021, d
o
i:
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899094.
[
22]
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.
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ur
as
ip
J
. W
ir
e
l.
C
om
m
un. N
e
tw
.
, vo
l.
2018, n
o
. 1, 2018, d
o
i:
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0.1186/s
13638
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[
23]
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.
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.
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k
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c
hni
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a
,
vo
l.
20, n
o
. 7, pp. 73
–
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o
i:
10.5755/
j0
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.20.7.3379.
[
24]
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.
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E
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r
ans
.
W
ir
e
l.
C
om
m
un.
, vo
l.
15, n
o
. 1, pp. 714
–
727, 2016, d
oi
:
10.110
9/
T
W
C
.2015.2477400.
[
25]
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.
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r
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.
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e
h.
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hnol
.
,
vo
l.
66, n
o
. 1, pp. 175
–
187, 2017, d
o
i:
10.1109/
T
V
T
.2016.2542
344.
[
26]
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I
E
E
E
V
e
h. T
e
c
hnol
. C
onf
.
, no
. 404, pp. 894
–
896, 2007, do
i:
10.1109/V
E
T
E
C
F
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[
27]
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.
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