Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 2,
February 20
1
6
, pp. 282 ~
287
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp28
2-2
8
7
282
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 3, 20
15;
Revi
se
d De
cem
ber 18, 20
15; Accepted
Jan
uary 12, 2
016
Portable Dual Mode Mobile Charger with Hand Crank
Generator and Solar Panel
Md. Atiqur Rahaman*
1
, Nusrat
Hoqu
e
2
, Nipu kum
a
r Das
3
, Farial
Nur Ma
y
s
ha
4
,
MD Morshed
Alam
5
1,2,
3,5
Dept. of El
ectrical a
nd El
ectronic En
gin
eeri
ng, Ch
itta
g
ong U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of Engin
eer
ing
and T
e
chno
log
y
,
Chittag
o
n
g
, Bangl
ades
h
4
Dept. of Electrical a
nd Electr
onic En
gin
eer
i
ng,
Univ
ersit
y
of
Information T
e
chnolog
y
& Scienc
es,
Chittag
o
n
g
, Bangl
ades
h
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: atiqure
ee@
g
m
ail.com
1
, nus
ratcuet08
@gm
a
il.com
2
, n
i
pu
16
@
g
mai
l
.
co
m
3
,
ma
y
s
ha.u
i
tsc@gmai
l.com
4
, malame
ee
06
0
205
9@gm
ail.c
o
m
5
A
b
st
r
a
ct
A new
metho
d
of chargi
ng a
mo
bil
e
ph
on
e w
i
th
the help of
hand cra
n
k ge
nerator, an
d so
lar pa
ne
l
is be
in
g pr
ese
n
ted
in th
is p
a
per. So
lar
pan
el is
us
eful
dur
ing
day
lig
ht a
n
d
h
and
crank
gen
erator c
a
n
be
used at ni
ght. So this is a dua
l mode ch
arger w
h
ich is
operate
d
in e
i
ther w
a
y and
both w
a
ys do no
t
consume system
power. This type of m
o
bile charger
is
ver
y
useful when traveling because it uses s
o
lar
pan
el to
co
nve
r
t renew
ab
le s
ource
li
ght i
n
to
el
ectric
ity. Me
chan
ical
h
and
crank
gen
erato
r
is us
ed
w
h
ic
h
converts
mec
h
anic
a
l
ener
gy i
n
to el
ectrica
l
e
nergy
an
d the
n
charg
e
s th
e
mobil
e
. N
o
e
l
ectr
ical s
ourc
e
s ar
e
nee
de
d for it. Our design
u
s
es a co
mpo
u
nd ge
ar tr
ain
for transformation of the
me
chan
ical e
ner
g
y
gen
erate
d
fro
m
th
e ha
nd cr
a
n
k to the
ge
ner
ator. F
o
r that
r
easo
n
it is c
o
n
v
eni
ent as w
e
l
l
as eco
n
o
m
ical
to
use such ki
nd
of mo
bil
e
char
ger for our
mo
bile
pho
ne.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Geared D
C
Gener
ator; mo
bil
e
ph
one ch
arg
e
r; solar p
ane
l; Han
d
crank
Copy
right
©
2016 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Dema
nd of p
o
we
r ene
rgy
has n
e
ver be
en deni
ed an
d human
are
trying their best to
prod
uce p
o
wer e
n
e
r
gy in
efficient
way. Thou
sa
nd
s of
pro
c
e
d
u
r
e of
extractin
g
energy
ha
s b
een
investigate
d
and the mo
st
effective is
done to
form
ulate them [1
]. From all the experim
ent
ed
method
s of
e
x
traction, g
e
n
e
ration
of el
e
c
tri
c
al
e
nergy to me
cha
n
ical ene
rgy
and
from
sun
test
ed
to be th
e m
o
st effe
ctive. Thu
s
we
ha
ve re
sea
r
che
d
versatile
ways of
doin
g
that an
d fin
a
lly
ende
d up
wit
h
this
sol
u
tio
n
: Solar
po
wered
an
d Me
cha
n
ical ha
n
d
cran
k m
obi
le ch
arger [2
]. In
gene
ral cell
p
hone
batte
ry necessitate
s 3.6
– 6
Volt
s dc and
18
0
–
200 mA
curre
n
t
for ch
argi
n
g
.
Since
we
a
r
e
usi
ng
12
Vol
t
s an
d 6
0
0
m
A
dc ge
nerator
and
a
6
Watt sola
r
pan
el, we
will
ea
sily
be getting de
sire
d output.
2. Compone
nts
The followi
ng
compo
nent
s are in this
ch
arge
r
2.1. Gear
Train
It is a mech
a
n
ical sy
stem whi
c
h is don
e
by
conne
ctin
g several gea
rs on a frame
to carry
power from one place to another [2]. This is
kno
w
n as gea
r train
.
The gear ratio can
be
cal
c
ulate
d
directly from the
numbe
rs of
teeth on the g
ears in the ge
ar train
[3].
The
p
r
oj
ect plan co
nsi
s
ts
of
a com
p
o
und gea
r
trai
n i.e. it ha
s
more
than
o
ne g
ear
present on a shaft, because of high speed reductio
ns. There are two gears in our proj
ect. One
gear is conne
cted to the ha
nd cran
k and kno
w
n a
s
driving gea
r and
the other gear con
n
e
c
ted to
the gene
rato
r is calle
d
driven gea
r [4]. Two ge
ars are given belo
w
.
1)
Big Gear: It is
a diameter of 2 inch
and h
a
s 14
0
teeth
2)
Small gear: It is a diamete
r
of
1.2 inch a
nd ha
s 7 teeth
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Portable
Dual
Mode Mobil
e
Charge
r with
Hand
Cra
n
k
Gene
rato
r an
d… (Md. Atiq
ur Ra
ham
an)
283
For rotating mech
ani
sm of
the
gen
erator
we u
s
e
d
han
dle an
d the ha
ndle
’
s rotatin
g
spe
ed is 5 rpm. It is connected with the big gear. The relation
shi
p
between bi
g gear and small
gear
spe
e
d
ratio come
s from the followi
ng
Equation (1) [5].
A
B
A
B
B
A
N
N
R
R
(
1
)
Her
e
,
A
= Speed of th
e hand
cra
n
k
or the big ge
a
r
B
= Speed of th
e gene
rato
r o
r
the small g
e
a
r
R
A
= Ra
diu
s
of the big gea
r
R
B
= Ra
diu
s
of the small g
ear
N
A
= Teeth of
the big gear
N
B
= Teeth of
the small ge
ar
So after putting the value
s
the ultimate spe
ed ratio
comes to:
12
1
B
A
The
small gear i
s
connect
ed to the
dc
generato
r shaft. The big gear i
s
rotated in 5 rpm,
so th
e
small
gear rotating
spe
ed i
s
60
rpm. If the d
c
gene
rato
r p
r
o
duced th
e p
o
w
er for 60
–
70
rpm
speed, t
he generator produced
7
Watt, 12V
and current dropped to
550
mA. So it would
take le
ss tha
n
2 hours to
fully charge
the cell battery. This is t
he main adv
antage of usi
ng
interme
d
iate gears.
2.2. Hand
Cran
k
It is an arm attache
d
at right angles to a ro
tating shaft
[6].
It provide
s
recip
r
ocating
motion to or from the shaft. It consi
s
ts
of a handl
e. T
he main purpose
of
the hand crank i
s
to
rotate the driv
ing gea
r [1].
2.3. DC
G
e
ner
a
to
r
DC
gen
erat
o
r
convert
s
m
e
ch
ani
cal e
n
e
rgy into
ele
c
tri
c
al e
nerg
y
. When
a condu
ctor
cuts the
magnetic flux, dynamically
induced e.m.f. is produced in i
t
accordi
ng to
Faraday’s Laws
of Electroma
gnetic Indu
cti
on. Th
is
e.m.f cau
s
e
s
a curre
n
t to flo
w
if the con
ducto
r ci
rcuit
is
clo
s
ed. When
the shaft of the motor
rota
tes,
there i
s
a relative mo
tion betwe
en
the perm
ane
nt
magnet
s and
the coils
whi
c
h ge
nerates
ac cu
rrent in
the coil
[7].
The flux associate
d
with the
coil is radial i
n
nature. Co
mmutator is u
s
ed a
s
a
me
chani
cal re
ctifier to conve
r
t AC cu
rre
nt to DC
curre
n
t [8]. T
he output val
ue of gene
rat
o
r is 12V/ 60
0 mA.
2.4. Small
Solar
Panel
Solar cell co
nverts
sola
r energy into elec
tri
c
al e
n
e
rgy. The tot
a
l amount of
energy
provide
d
by this device is cha
r
a
c
teri
ze
d
by
an output voltage and a current. A numbe
r of so
lar
cell
s are inte
rcon
ne
cted to
gether to
form a re
quired
sola
r pa
nel i
s
kno
w
n a
s
PV module
[9]. It
store
s
po
wer from
the su
n and
let
s
the mobile
phon
e
,
iPod, etc. chargi
ng.
Our
Portable
Mob
ile
Cha
r
ge
r u
s
e
s
small sol
a
r p
anel. Some feature
s
of this sol
a
r pa
nel
are given b
e
l
o
w:
Our
sola
r pan
el use
s
hig
h
e
r
efficien
cy base
d
mono
crystalline sili
co
n
Solar pa
nel (Max.)
:
6V/500mA, 6 Watt
Open circuit
voltage
:
10.8V
Short ci
rcuit
current
:
950 mA
Time take
n to charge mo
bil
e
phon
e usi
n
g the cha
r
ge
r: about 2 hou
rs for typical mobile
Specification
of the battery use
d
:
Make
r
:
No
kia
Model
:
1208
Cap
a
city
:
1000mA
h
Life of th
e b
a
ttery will
be
hi
gh a
s
we
a
r
e
usin
g
sola
r
p
anel i
n
thi
s
m
obile
ch
arg
e
r.
As
the
battery is 100
0 mAh so it would take nea
rly
2 hours to fully charg
e
the mobile b
a
ttery.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 282 – 287
284
2.5.
Protec
ting o
r
Blocking Diode
The maxim
u
m part
of po
rtable
device
s
u
s
e
s
Li
-ion
batterie
s
fo
r power
su
ppl
y. So a
good
solar
charg
e
r st
rate
gy is re
qui
re
d to
ch
arg
e
an inte
rn
al b
a
ttery. Du
ring
the
ch
arg
e
cycle
this avoid
s
h
eating the
po
rtable
device. The
fu
ndam
ental comp
on
ents
req
u
ire
d
to build
up f
o
r
our cha
r
ge
r system are: th
e sola
r cell, the
hand
cran
k gene
rato
r, a stora
ge bat
tery and a diode
to preve
n
t b
a
ttery disch
a
r
ge to
sol
a
r
cell. Althou
g
h
this i
s
a
good
sta
r
ting
point, a di
rect
con
n
e
c
tion b
e
twee
n sol
a
r
cell an
d batte
ry is not very
efficient and
shoul
d not b
e
impleme
n
te
d
[9].
2.6. Regula
t
or
Due to th
e ri
sk of dam
age
in device pe
rm
anently, plu
gging
a batte
ry at an un
re
gulated
power
su
pply
might n
o
t be
a go
od i
dea.
Besid
e
s,
ce
ll
ope
ration
voltage i
s
defin
e
d
by the
batte
ry
voltage
sum
m
ed to
voltag
e d
r
op
a
c
ro
ss the
diode,
which
varie
s
d
u
ring
cha
r
ge
and
ca
n’t be
f
i
xed
at the cell’
s
maximum po
wer
point. Thi
s
mea
n
s th
at
the system i
s
,
in fact, wa
sting so
me am
o
unt
of availabl
e li
ght en
ergy. A se
co
nd
app
roach a
nd
mo
st ap
plicabl
e
approa
ch
wo
uld b
e
in
clu
d
i
ng
a 5 Voltag
e regulato
r
bet
ween
sola
r
cell
and b
a
ttery
. No
w the b
a
ttery termi
nals
are
con
n
e
c
te
d to
a regul
ated p
o
we
r su
pply. This
solves t
he over
cha
r
g
e
or pe
rman
ent damag
e
probl
em
s of the
cha
r
ge
r.
2.7. LED
The LED de
tects wh
ethe
r
e
noug
h po
wer
i
s
avail
a
ble to
ch
arg
e
the
mobil
e
pho
ne
battery. If LED sh
ows gre
en light then
it can be sa
i
d
that mobile
phone b
a
ttery is ready to be
cha
r
ge
d. If L
E
D sho
w
s n
o
light then it will not
be charg
ed be
ca
use the sola
r panel or the
dc
gene
rato
r is n
o
t supplyin
g
enou
gh po
we
r to cha
r
ge th
e battery.
3. Basic Blo
ck Diagr
a
m
The blo
ck di
agra
m
of our portable d
u
a
l
mode sol
a
r
cha
r
ge
r is
sh
own in the fo
llowing
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Basic blo
ck di
agram of dual m
ode charge
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Portable
Dual
Mode Mobil
e
Charge
r with
Hand
Cra
n
k
Gene
rato
r an
d… (Md. Atiq
ur Ra
ham
an)
285
The current from sol
a
r p
a
n
e
l or d
c
ge
ne
rator
both co
mes to the bl
ocking di
ode.
The d
c
gene
rato
r op
erate
s
by th
e han
d cran
k ge
ar m
e
ch
anism. T
he
blockin
g
dio
de protect
s
the
gene
rato
r an
d solar pa
ne
l from th
e re
verse
voltag
e coming
fro
m
the b
a
ttery. And then
the
current limiting resistor lim
its t
he cu
rren
t if accide
ntly huge
curren
t enters to th
e battery. Th
e
voltage re
gul
ator regul
ate
s
the voltag
e
to 5V. Fi
nall
y
by USB ch
argin
g
po
rt a
battery ca
n
b
e
cha
r
ge
d with
this dual mo
d
e
cha
r
ge
r.
4. Circuit Dia
gram
In
Figure
2
ci
rcuit
diag
ram
of
our
du
al
mode
mo
bile
cha
r
ge
r
with
hand
cra
n
k
dc
gene
rato
r an
d sola
r pan
el is sh
own.
Figure 2. Circuit diagra
m
of dual mode
charg
e
r
The
circuit is mainly a
s
se
mbled o
n
the
vero
b
oard. The
cha
r
gin
g
cu
rre
nt of th
e battery
come
s f
r
om t
he sola
r pa
n
e
l or the d
c
g
enerator
or
b
o
th. The
cu
rrent limiting
re
sisto
r
i
s
u
s
ed
to
limit the curre
n
t. And voltage regul
ator i
s
use
d
for the voltage limiting
purpo
se.
5. Working
Mecha
n
isms
De
sign pla
n
con
s
i
s
t of mech
ani
cal en
ergy whi
c
h p
r
odu
ce
d by the rotation o
f
hand
cra
n
k.
Thi
s
e
nergy
used
a
s
in
put to th
e
gen
erato
r
by the g
e
ar trai
n. In this devi
ce
a
comp
ou
nd
gear train
wi
th spu
r
g
ears is
also u
s
ed. It has
o
ne d
r
iver g
e
a
r a
nd o
ne
driving g
e
a
r
. This
mech
ani
cal e
nergy i
s
con
v
erted into el
ectri
c
al e
n
e
r
gy by gene
rator an
d tra
n
s
mitted it to
the
regul
ator a
n
d
convert the
supply to regul
ated 5V DC.
The po
we
r e
nergy p
r
o
duced from th
e solar p
anel th
en tran
sfe
r
s t
o
the re
gulat
o
r which
then goe
s to the mobile p
hone to ch
arge the battery
. The purpo
se of the rect
ifier is to con
v
ert
any a
c
p
o
we
r supply to
d
c
p
o
wer. F
o
r
low
sp
eed,
th
e DC
gene
ra
tor p
r
od
uces
DC but
wh
en
it
gets hig
h
spe
ed by rotating
its gear,
som
e
time it
prod
u
c
e
s
voltage
spike
s
[10]. Otherwise for th
e
variable
sp
ee
d it can p
r
o
d
u
ce
ac. So fo
r the p
r
ote
c
tion a rectifier
circuit is
used in this device.
Forme
r
ly the
hand
cran
k
may not be
a
b
le to p
r
od
uc
e de
sire
d po
wer. T
hat’s
why a ca
pa
cito
r of
1000
0uf is
used he
re fo
r b
oostin
g
up th
e voltage
p
u
rpose. Reve
rse voltage
s is
blocke
d by th
e
diode a
nd transfe
r the re
sultant voltag
e to the so
la
r panel to p
r
otect the pan
el. The filtering
cap
a
cito
r is
also u
s
e
d
wi
th the voltage reg
u
lator f
o
r filtering
p
u
rpo
s
e
s
. The
electri
c
al o
u
t
put
sup
p
ly is
given to the
LE
D an
d o
u
tput
pin
co
n
n
e
c
ted on
the ve
robo
ard. The
mobile
ca
n
be
cha
r
ge
d by conne
cting the
output pin to the mobile.
6. Hard
w
a
re
Circuit
Several hard
w
a
r
e p
i
cture of the d
ual mode
cha
r
ge
r are give
n belo
w
:
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ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 282 – 287
286
Figure 3. Han
d
cra
n
k a
nd
DC g
ene
rato
r
Figur
e 4. Cha
r
ging of the m
obile u
s
ing
so
lar
panel
Figure 5. Dua
l
mode ch
arg
e
r main
circui
try
Figure 3
sh
o
w
s th
e
whol
e ci
rcuit incl
uding
DC ge
nerato
r
a
nd
sola
r p
anel.
Figure 4
sho
w
s the mobile ph
one chargi
ng u
s
ing
solar p
o
wer.
And Figure
5 sho
w
s the main ci
rcuitry of
our d
ual mo
de ch
arger.
All the devices a
r
e mou
n
t
ed on a gla
ss
she
e
t to make
a better
appe
ara
n
ce.
7. Mode Co
mparison of
this Du
al Mode Cha
rger
Since we are
using two types of ene
rg
y to c
harge t
he battery so
the compa
r
ison of this
two mode
s a
r
e discu
s
sed h
e
re.
Table 1. Vari
ous mo
de
s
T
y
pe
Hand Crank Mob
ile Charger
Solar Charg
e
r
T
y
pe
of po
w
e
r so
urce
Geared DC
gene
rator
Sun PV energ
y
T
y
pe
of ene
rg
y
u
s
ed
Mechanical energ
y
Electrical energ
y
Time of using
An
y
time
At da
y
Input Voltage
5-18 V
4-7 V
Output Voltage
5 V
5 V
8. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
The dual m
o
de ch
arg
e
r i
s
implemente
d
on a NOKIA mobile pho
n
e
battery to test th
e
operation of this charge
r. Se
veral data
have bee
n taken
while the
test wa
s ru
nn
ing.
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IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Portable
Dual
Mode Mobil
e
Charge
r with
Hand
Cra
n
k
Gene
rato
r an
d… (Md. Atiq
ur Ra
ham
an)
287
Table 2. Spe
ed and Volta
ge gen
erate
d
relation
Gene
rator Sp
eed
(hand crank spe
ed)
Voltage Gene
rat
ed
60 rpm (
5
rpm
)
12 V
84 rpm (
7
rpm
)
13 V
120 rpm
(10 rp
m
)
14.5 V
180 rpm
(15 rp
m
)
16 V
216 rpm
(18 rp
m
)
18 V
Table 2
sh
ows the relation
ship
between
gene
rato
r or
hand
cran
k speed
and th
e
voltage
gene
rated fro
m
it. The voltage is in
crea
sing
slo
w
ly when the ha
nd
cra
n
k
spe
ed i
s
increa
sin
g
.
Table 3. Sola
r panel a
nd b
a
ttery cha
r
gin
g
relation
Time
Batter
y
V
o
ltage (
V
)
Solar Panel Char
ging Condition
10:30 am
1.7
Charging on
11:10 am
2.5
Charging on
12:00 pm
3.3
Charging on
12:30 pm
3.7
Charging on
01:00 pm
4.2
Fully charged
Table 3 sho
w
s the sola
r pa
nel cha
r
gi
ng con
d
ition with
resp
ect to the voltage. When the
battery voltage is above 4
V
then the ba
ttery is fu
lly charg
ed. And
no nee
d to charg
e
the bat
tery
further.
9. Conclusio
n
We are usi
n
g
human effort
instead of ce
remo
ni
ou
s el
ectri
c
ity, so we do not add
up with
gree
nho
use
emission
s. T
he
cha
r
ge
r i
s
co
mpa
c
t
so
it can
be
carried o
u
t ea
sily
whil
e travelli
ng
whi
c
h fullfill
s
the pu
rpo
s
e
of this i
n
ven
s
ion. Pl
asti
c o
u
ter ca
sing
maintena
nce the
cha
r
ge
r
from
being
dam
ge
d from
the
en
viroment.The
be
st featu
r
e
s
of t
h
is devi
c
e i
s
th
at it i
s
economi
c
al
and
eco
-
frie
ndly. We
can
also
place a
simi
lar ta
ctics
in
our
sho
e
sol
e
so th
at the
battery can
be
cha
r
ge
d whil
e joggi
ng an
d there i
s
n
o
need
of extra ene
rgy for
cha
r
gin
g
.We
can
also u
s
e
an
epicy
clic
gea
r train i
n
ste
a
d
of co
mpo
u
nd ge
ar
trai
n so th
at large spa
c
e o
c
cupi
ed by th
e
comp
oun
d ge
ar train
can b
e
redu
ce
d an
d the cha
r
ge
r can be
com
e
more p
a
ked.
Referen
ces
[1]
Nikhi
l Kumar J
a
in, V Aravin
d, Eranki V S Kris
hna Pr
as
ad, Y Kal
y
a
n
Chakr
a
varth
y
. Virtu
a
l
Protot
ype of
Mecha
n
ica
l
Ha
nd Cra
n
k Mobi
l
e
Char
ger.
IJIT
EE.
2(2): 2278-
307
5.
[2]
Uicker JJ, GR
Penn
ock, JE Shig
le
y. T
heor
y
of Machi
n
es an
d Mech
anisms. Ne
w
York: Oxfor
d
Univers
i
t
y
Pr
es
s. 2003.
[3]
B Paul. Kinem
atics and D
y
n
a
m
ics of Planar
Machi
ner
y. Pre
n
tice Ha
ll
[4]
JS Brar, Dr RK Bansal. T
heory of Mach
ines.
ch. 10
[5]
http://en.
w
i
kipedia
.org/
w
iki/Gear_train
[6]
Amitabh
a Gho
s
h, Ashok Kum
a
r Malik. T
heory of Mech
anis
m
s and Mach
in
es.
[7]
DP Kothari, IJ Nagr
ath. Electric Machi
nes.
[8]
N Ragh
u Ram
Red
d
y
, Yes
hal
a Sreeka
n
th, Dr M Nara
yana.
Mecha
n
ica
l
an
d Electrical mo
bile ch
arg
e
r
.
IJERA.
3(6): 2248-
962
2.
[9]
F
T
a
vora. Solar batter
y
c
h
arger for port
abl
e devic
es and
appl
icati
o
n.
2012:
1-27
.
Avail
a
b
l
e:
www
.
s
il
iconr
ee
f.com.br.
[10]
José F
da Roc
haa, Marce
lin
o
B dos Santosb
,
José M Dores
Costac.
Voltag
e Spikes i
n
Integrate
d
CMOS Buck DC-DC Co
nvert
e
rs: Analysis fo
r Reson
ant an
d Hard Sw
itchi
ng T
opo
lo
gies.
Procedi
a
T
e
chnolog
y. 2
014; 17: 3
27-3
34.
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