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e
c
t
i
n
h
u
m
a
n
s
a
ppe
a
r
s
i
n
l
u
n
gs
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
e
d
i
n
X
-
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
X
-
r
a
y
)
im
a
ge
s
.
Co
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
o
f
X
-
r
a
y
i
m
a
ge
s
c
a
n
b
e
a
wo
r
kl
o
a
d
f
o
r
d
o
c
to
r
s
a
n
d
r
a
d
i
o
l
o
gi
s
t
s
wh
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
h
uge
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
c
a
s
e
s
.
M
a
ny
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
tr
i
e
d
t
o
de
v
e
l
o
p
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
r
s
o
l
vi
ng
a
n
d
he
lp
i
n
g
t
hi
s
pr
o
bl
e
m
.
P
h
a
m
e
t
al
.
[
7
]
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
h
e
s
ur
v
e
y
o
n
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
i
g
e
n
c
e
(
AI
)
a
n
d
bi
g
da
t
a
f
o
r
C
OV
I
D
-
19
pa
n
de
mi
c
.
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
vi
e
w
o
f
A
I
a
n
d
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
i
m
e
d
a
t
a
l
l
e
vi
a
t
i
n
g
a
ga
i
ns
t
C
OV
I
D
-
19,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
r
a
p
i
d
dr
ug
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
,
dr
ug
d
i
s
c
o
ve
r
y
,
c
o
m
put
e
d
to
m
o
gr
a
p
hy
(
CT
)
im
a
ge
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng,
X
-
r
a
y
r
e
po
r
t
s
,
a
n
d
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
us
i
ng
m
a
ny
t
e
c
hni
que
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
nin
g
,
c
a
s
e
hi
s
t
o
r
y
,
a
n
d
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
t
b
r
e
a
k
.
R
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
,
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
n
d
c
o
m
put
e
r
vi
s
i
o
n
ha
v
e
be
e
n
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
pr
o
vi
de
a
n
a
uto
m
a
t
e
d
pr
o
c
e
s
s
to
c
l
a
s
s
if
y
t
h
e
X
-
r
a
y
i
m
a
ge
s
(
C
XR
)
[
8
]
-
[
19
]
.
De
e
p
l
e
a
r
nin
g
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
v
o
r
e
d
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
a
ppl
i
e
d
.
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
s
a
r
e
a
pp
l
i
e
d
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
p
r
ob
l
e
m
of
C
R
X
of
c
h
e
s
t
i
m
a
g
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
c
on
v
o
l
u
t
i
on
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
tw
or
k
s
(
C
N
N
s
)
[
8
]
,
[
10
]
,
[
11
]
,
[
14
]
.
De
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
c
a
n
ge
n
e
r
a
ll
y
pr
o
duc
e
pr
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
yi
ng
C
R
X
i
m
a
ge
s
,
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
a
n
d
c
r
a
f
t
e
d
f
e
a
t
ur
e
t
e
c
h
ni
que
s
[
10
]
,
[
11
]
.
A
pa
r
t
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
ng
l
e
m
o
de
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
ns
e
m
b
l
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
-
b
a
s
e
d
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
ni
qu
e
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
pp
li
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
R
X
c
l
a
s
s
if
ica
t
i
o
n
o
f
C
OV
I
D
-
19
.
T
h
e
s
t
a
c
k
e
n
s
e
m
bl
e
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
wa
s
in
t
r
o
duc
e
d
to
i
m
pr
o
v
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
[
15
]
-
[
17
]
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
e
ns
e
m
b
l
e
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
c
a
n
b
e
pr
o
n
e
to
i
n
t
e
r
pr
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
ue
s
a
n
d
c
o
m
put
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
b
ur
d
e
n
[
18
]
.
Z
a
r
ga
r
i
el
.
al
.
im
pr
o
v
e
d
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
qua
l
i
t
y
by
a
ppl
yi
ng
a
n
i
m
a
ge
n
o
r
m
a
li
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
ni
que
a
i
mi
ng
to
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
wa
s
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
[
19
]
.
T
h
e
y
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
d
a
m
a
r
g
i
na
l
im
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
o
ut
t
h
e
i
mage
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
.
T
hi
s
wo
r
k
pr
o
p
o
s
e
s
a
t
e
c
hni
que
f
o
r
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
yi
ng
X
-
r
a
y
i
m
a
ge
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
e
s
t
i
n
to
t
h
r
e
e
t
y
pe
s
,
i
.
e
.
(
i
)
n
o
r
m
a
l
,
(
ii
)
C
OV
I
D
-
19
,
a
n
d
(
iii
)
pn
e
u
m
o
ni
a
.
T
he
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
ll
e
n
ge
i
s
r
a
i
s
e
d
w
h
e
n
C
OV
I
D
-
19
a
n
d
pn
e
u
m
o
ni
a
a
r
e
s
ub
t
l
e
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
,
un
e
ve
n
i
m
a
ge
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
poo
r
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
of
t
h
e
C
XR
c
a
n
de
gr
a
de
t
h
e
im
a
ge
s
a
n
d
m
a
ke
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
r
e
i
n
t
r
a
c
t
a
bl
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
,
t
h
e
im
a
ge
s
a
r
e
s
t
a
nda
r
d
i
z
e
d
us
i
n
g
a
l
o
o
k
a
n
d
f
e
e
l
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
m
e
t
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
but
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
l
o
r
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
i
s
m
a
ppe
d
t
o
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
pr
e
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
i
m
a
ge
t
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
w
i
ll
b
e
i
m
pr
o
v
ed
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
a
pp
l
i
e
s
a
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
hni
que
t
h
a
t
bi
n
d
s
t
wo
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
n
e
t
wor
ks
,
c
o
n
v
o
l
ut
i
o
n
n
e
ur
a
l
n
e
t
wo
r
k
(
C
NN
)
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
t
e
r
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
L
S
T
M
)
,
to
a
hy
b
r
i
d
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
to
pe
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
de
e
p
f
e
a
t
ur
e
(
a
s
a
n
a
bs
t
r
a
c
t
f
e
a
t
ur
e
)
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
i
s
i
m
po
s
e
d
by
a
C
NN
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
f
i
na
l
c
l
a
s
s
if
ica
t
i
o
n
i
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
L
S
T
M
,
whi
c
h
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
s
t
h
e
l
o
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
f
e
a
t
ur
e
v
e
c
t
or
s
).
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
hy
br
i
d
m
o
de
l
s
,
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
s
t
h
e
va
l
i
d
i
t
y
o
f
im
a
ge
pr
e
-
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
ds
f
o
r
i
m
pr
o
vi
n
g
t
h
e
qu
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
im
a
ge
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
pa
pe
r
i
s
or
ga
ni
z
e
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
S
e
c
ti
o
n
2
e
x
p
l
a
i
ns
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
yi
ng
t
h
e
X
-
r
a
y
im
a
ge
s
,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
pr
o
vi
ng
t
h
e
de
t
a
i
ls
o
f
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
l
i
ne
m
e
t
h
o
ds
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
d
e
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
s
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
to
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
ds
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
l
a
s
t
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
4,
pr
o
vi
de
s
a
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
ve
di
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
k
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
t
his
l
a
s
t
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
T
h
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
i
s
to
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
t
h
e
c
h
e
s
t
X
-
r
a
y
(
C
XR
)
i
m
a
ge
s
i
n
t
o
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
h
e
s
t
r
a
d
i
o
gr
a
ph
s
m
a
i
n
ly
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
s
o
m
e
s
pe
c
if
i
c
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
s
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
a
l
c
he
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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869
2
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1
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Dat
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Our
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f
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m
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t
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s
e
t
[
20
]
,
[
21
].
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h
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t
a
c
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3
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l
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m
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i
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2
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22
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.
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[
23
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.
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put
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1
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2021,
A
pr
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.
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:
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.
1109
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J
E
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B
.
2020
.
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.
[
3
]
S
.
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R
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.
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.
, vol
.
11, S
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p
.
2020,
100222, doi
:
10
.
1016
/
j
.
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t
.
2020
.
100222
.
[
4
]
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5
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i
:
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.
1038
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41598
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021
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[
7
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.
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ul
.
2020,
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i
:
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.
1109
/
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C
C
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S
S
.
2020
.
3009328
.
[
8
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D
.
P
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19
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h
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2, N
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i
:
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.
1007
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13755
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020
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00135
-
3
.
[
9
]
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G
ua
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ua
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s
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,
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.
2020, do
i
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.
1016
/
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.
pa
tr
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c
.
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.
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.
027
.
[
10
]
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X
.
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ig
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M
e
di
c
in
e
,
v
ol
.
3, no
.
1, M
a
y
.
2020, do
i
:
10
.
1038
/
s
41746
-
020
-
0273
-
z
.
[
11
]
Z
.
X
ue
,
“
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he
s
t
X
-
r
a
y
I
ma
g
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V
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e
w
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la
s
s
if
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c
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ti
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n,
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in
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I
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nat
io
nal
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pos
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on
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om
put
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r
-
B
as
e
d
M
e
di
c
al
Sy
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te
m
s
,
pp
.
66
-
71,
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do
i
:
10
.
1109
/
C
B
M
S
.
2015
.
49
.
[
12
]
C
.
Q
in
,
D
.
Y
a
o
,
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nd
Y
.
S
hi
,
“
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o
mput
e
r
-
a
id
e
d
d
e
t
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c
ti
o
n
in
c
he
s
t
r
a
di
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gr
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ph
y
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s
e
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r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
nc
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s
ur
ve
y
,
”
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io
M
e
d
E
ng O
nL
in
e
,
v
ol
.
17, Aug
.
2018, doi
:
10
.
1186
/
s
12938
-
018
-
0544
-
y
.
[
13
]
I
.
B
a
lt
r
us
c
ha
t,
H
.
N
ic
ki
s
c
h,
M
.
G
r
a
s
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,
T
.
K
n
o
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nd
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.
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a
a
lb
a
c
h,
“
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o
mpa
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o
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of
D
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p
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r
ni
ng
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ppr
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l
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s
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la
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f
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Sc
i
R
e
p
,
v
ol
.
9, A
pr
.
2019, doi
:
10
.
1038
/
s
41598
-
019
-
42294
-
8
.
[
14
]
G
.
J
ia
,
H
.
K
.
L
a
m,
a
nd
Y
.
X
u,
“
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la
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,
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om
put
B
io
l
M
e
d
,
v
ol
.
134, J
ul
.
2021, do
i
:
10
.
1016
/
j
.
c
o
mpbi
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me
d
.
2021
.
104425
.
[
15]
A
.
U
.
B
e
r
li
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na
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nd
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us
ta
ma
m,
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