TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 90 ~ 96
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i1.766
2
90
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 4, 2015;
Re
vised Ma
rc
h 2, 2015; Accepte
d
March
18, 2015
Study in Step by Step Electric Energy Meter Connection
Detection Method
Qing Zhiming*, Fu Wang,
Fei Wenli
State Grid Cho
ngq
ing El
ectric
Po
w
e
r Co. T
e
c
hnic
a
l Skil
l T
r
aini
ng C
enter,
Cho
ngq
in
g, 40
005
3
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: 1397
44
077
6
@
qq.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Electric en
ergy
meter w
i
rin
g
e
rror variety, det
ection
met
hod
and circ
uit can
only d
e
tect so
me k
i
n
d
s
of w
r
ong w
i
ring at prese
n
t, as the curre
nt transformer
a
nd curre
nt det
ection u
n
it ter
m
i
nal s
hort-cir
c
uit
character
i
stics
of co
nve
n
tion
al
methods
i
n
existe
nc
e,
no
t take o
u
t stit
ches
und
er th
e pr
e
m
ise
of
not
achi
evin
g
dete
c
tion. Bas
e
d
o
n
this, t
h
is
pa
p
e
r p
u
ts fo
rwa
r
d
a ste
p
de
te
cti
o
n
me
th
od
, de
te
cti
o
n ci
rcui
t o
f
voltag
e an
d cu
rrent lin
es one
by one thro
ug
h
right off and
p
o
larity of curre
nt, gradua
lly sh
ow
every juncti
on
poi
nt juncti
on
and th
e fault p
o
int. T
h
rou
gh the Multis
i
m
so
ftw
are simul
a
ti
on, an
d dev
elo
ped a s
e
t of wir
e
detectin
g
dev
i
c
e, simulati
on
and ex
per
imen
tal results
pro
v
e that the method is c
o
rre
ct. Comp
ared
w
i
th
conve
n
tio
nal
methods, ca
n be
more co
mpre
h
ensiv
e
an
d faster conn
ectio
n
detectio
n
fault l
o
catio
n
.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
el
e
c
tric energy
meter; w
i
ring, de
te
ction, fault lo
cation, step by
step
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
The sm
art gri
d
and ne
w e
nergy [1-2] develop wi
th the develop
m
ent of the society. The
accuracy of t
he po
we
r of informatio
n collectio
n
equi
pment is o
n
e
of the signifi
cant fa
ctors
of
fishery
econ
omy growth.
The
co
rrect
co
nne
ction
of ele
c
tric e
nergy
meteri
ng d
e
vice i
s
the
necessa
ry co
ndition to g
u
a
r
antee
t
he a
c
curacy
of the
elect
r
ic
ene
rgy meter[3],
with a n
e
w ty
pe
of meter a
n
d
the
ne
w
measuri
ng m
ean
s
con
s
ta
ntly update
d
, the
way
of po
we
r theft
is
developin
g
to a more su
btle and more techn
o
logi
cal trend. Thu
s
to ensure t
he accu
ra
cy of
electri
c
en
erg
y
meter and d
e
vice is p
a
rticularly impo
rta
n
t.
There are m
any kind
s of
wro
ng conn
ection
m
ode
s of watt-hou
r meter, for e
x
ample,
there a
r
e 28
7 kind
s of wrong conn
ecti
on mod
e
s to
three-pha
se
three -com
p
onent
s, and
575
kind
s of wro
ng co
nne
ctio
n mode
s to three
-
p
h
a
s
e three
-
wire
wa
tt-hour met
e
r [4]. At present
there a
r
e t
w
o
comm
on te
sting metho
d
s [
5
-12]. O
ne m
e
thod i
s
to de
tect ea
ch of t
he line
s
item
by
item, whe
n
there
is
no el
ectri
c
ity and
no loa
d
s fo
r
electri
c
ene
rg
y meter.Ho
wever, be
ca
use of
the ele
c
trical
interferen
ce
and
sho
r
t ci
rcuit
cha
r
a
c
t
e
risti
c
s of th
e ele
c
tric
en
ergy mete
r
wiring
circuit, the only way to detect the false con
n
e
c
tion
is to rip out
the wiring
ci
rcuit. The ot
her
method
to d
e
t
ect e
rro
r-wi
ring i
s
suitabl
e
for th
e
el
ect
r
ic e
nergy met
e
r
having
be
en p
u
t into
u
s
e,
whi
c
h mea
n
s
there is el
ect
r
icity and load
s for ele
c
tri
c
energy meter.This kin
d
of method can o
n
ly
detect a type
of wro
ng
wiri
ng, whi
c
h a
r
e
compl
e
x and
are n
o
t unive
rsal. In a
dditi
on
，
this
method
exist some
sa
fety problem
s.
Based o
n
the
disadvant
ag
es of the cu
rrent
method
s, this pape
r a
nalyze
s
the structu
r
e
and
prin
cipl
e
of ele
c
tri
c
e
n
e
rgy m
e
ter a
nd p
r
op
oses
a novel
dete
c
tion metho
d
o
f
elect
r
ic en
erg
y
meter. T
h
is n
o
vel meth
od
can
dete
c
t all
the
wrong
wiring
in
ele
c
tri
c
e
n
e
r
gy met
e
r
qui
ckly, a
n
d
there i
s
n
o
n
eed to
rip o
u
t
the existing
circ
uit.Besi
d
es, this meth
od can a
c
co
mplish
the fa
ult
detectio
n
with
out electri
c
ity and loa
d
s.
2. Conv
entional Detectio
n Method a
n
d Disadv
a
ntages
There a
r
e
m
a
inly two
ki
n
d
s
of
wro
n
g
wi
ri
ng, first
one, the
wiri
ng i
s
n
o
t
co
nne
cted
inclu
d
ing
poo
r conta
c
t and
brea
ka
ge. Th
e se
co
nd o
n
e
is
the wrong con
n
e
c
tion
te
rminal, su
ch as
terminal
di
slo
c
ation
an
d
re
verse
pol
arity
.
For gen
er
al
wi
ring
erro
r,
we
ca
n d
e
tect the fault
poi
n
t
by che
c
king t
he un
co
nne
ct
ed termi
nal in
turn, but if
th
ere i
s
any
sh
ort ci
rcuit, as
sho
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re
1, if a+ termi
nal and a
-
te
rminal a
r
e in
sho
r
t
circuit
ed state, on
the premi
s
e
of not removi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study in Step
by Step Electric Ene
r
gy M
e
te
r Co
nne
cti
on Dete
ction
Method (Qing
Zhim
ing)
91
s
t
itc
h
, it unable to detec
t t
he wr
ong wiring by meas
uri
ng in the s
t
ate of on and off. The pos
itiv
e
and ne
gative terminal
s of current tr
an
sfo
r
mer, the p
o
sitive and neg
at
ive terminal
s of cu
rrent test
unit are in sh
ort circuite
d state.
(a) p
oor
cont
act
(b) di
scon
ne
ction
(c) termin
al di
slo
c
ation
(d)
wro
ng pol
arity
Figure 1. Co
mmon termi
n
al error types
There are lot
s
of elect
r
ic
energy meter dev
ice wi
rin
g
errors incl
uding termin
al sho
r
t
circuit, so
on
the pre
m
ise
o
f
not removin
g
stitch,
the
s
e errors b
r
ing
certai
n difficulty to detection,
cho
s
e
the
proce
s
s of
three-p
h
rase fo
ur-wir
e acce
ssed by current
tra
n
sfo
r
mer and
volt
age
transfo
rme
r
to introdu
ce.
As sho
w
n in
Figure
2 there are 10 rout
es bet
ween t
w
o termin
als
about
3.62 million
kinds
of attachment, but o
n
ly the one
whi
c
h i
s
sh
o
w
n in the
picture is
co
rrect. In
summ
ary, the way of con
v
entional det
ecting i
s
screenin
g
each route, dete
c
ting the ele
c
tri
c
al
relation
shi
p
b
e
twee
n termi
nals
can
com
p
licate t
he p
r
oce
s
s of detection, an
d it requi
re
s hig
her
skill of p
eopl
e [13, 14]. At the same ti
me, whe
n
the
r
e is
sho
r
t ci
rcuit, the dete
c
ting results
can’t
reflect the a
c
t
ual state of wi
ring.
Figure 2. The
corre
c
t wirin
g
diagram of electri
c
en
erg
y
meter
3. The Principle of Steppi
ng T
y
pe Detection
In order to
so
lve this
difficu
lt pro
b
lem, thi
s
p
ape
r uses contradi
ction
-
sep
a
ratio
n
p
r
i
n
cipl
e
and
puts forward that th
e
dete
c
tion
proce
s
s i
s
divi
ded i
n
to two
step
s. Th
e first ste
p
, test t
he
voltage on
and off, second step,
judge the current
on and off. When each
step is
compl
e
ted,
detectio
n
a
r
e
a
gradually
n
a
rrowed, red
u
ce th
e dete
c
t difficulty [15]. The detaile
d step
process is
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 90 – 96
92
Figure 3. The
flow cha
r
of inco
rrect conn
ection d
e
tecti
o
n
Thro
ugh
the
above
step
s
1 an
d 2, it
ca
n
dete
c
t to th
e commo
n wrong
co
nne
ction type,
throug
h the third
step det
ermini
ng the
current term
inal pola
r
ity. To make up
for the pick
up
again
s
t the wrong type of p
o
larity, eventually
achi
eve the goal of co
mplete dete
c
tion.
3.1. The First and Secon
d
Step On a
nd Off
For on
-off test conne
ction,
adopt the aut
omat
ic
steppi
ng mode, imp
r
ove the effici
ency of
detectio
n
, it’s prin
cipl
e i
s
, test
wheth
e
r
the te
rmin
a
l
of current
and te
rmin
al of voltage
are
con
n
e
c
ted, di
splay
and
co
mpare the
te
st results
th
rough
the
LE
D, if
corre
c
t,
step to
the
n
e
xt
terminal te
st
automatically, and
so o
n
, if there
i
s
a
n
y fault point, o
u
tput alarm signal, an
d ste
p
into the m
a
n
ual
cycle
mo
del, thro
ugh
the indi
ca
to
r
light, displ
a
y fault point
clearly. After t
h
e
che
c
k and trouble
s
h
ootin
g, the prog
ram returns t
o
the initial state for test
ing agai
n, if th
e
con
n
e
c
tion i
s
co
rre
ct, outp
u
t the si
gnal
of right
wirin
g
[15-2
2
]. The
co
rre
sp
ondi
n
g
testing
ste
p
s
detectio
n
are
a
and the attachm
ent are sho
w
n in Fi
g
u
re 4, differe
nt covers ca
n
be see
n
fro
m
the
diagram, ea
ch re
gion
and
each wi
re
co
nne
ction p
o
in
ts,
had bee
n achi
eved
in
t
heory blind spot
detectio
n
.
Figure 4. Step 1 and ste
p
2 test term
ina
l
and the attachme
nt relati
ons
Con
c
rete real
ization
pri
n
ci
ple is sho
w
n
in Fi
gu
re
5, the te
st syste
m
uses 55
5 timer
an
d
192
co
unter
to produ
ce t
w
o
set
s
of th
e pul
se
si
gn
al which h
a
s the
sam
e
freque
ncy
different
width, the
wi
de p
u
lse g
e
n
e
rate
s t
w
o
group
s of
test
signal th
rou
g
h
de
cod
e
r chip
and
te
st pro
be,
one
gro
up
dri
v
es the
LED
of se
nde
r te
rminal di
re
ctly, anothe
r g
r
o
up
sign
al d
r
ives th
e LE
D
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study in Step
by Step Electric Ene
r
gy M
e
te
r Co
nne
cti
on Dete
ction
Method (Qing
Zhim
ing)
93
receiving terminal after g
o
ing thro
ugh
the measuri
n
g terminal. Compa
r
e the two sets of L
E
D
lights, the fa
ult point a
n
d
the test
pro
c
e
s
s c
an b
e
displ
a
yed
cl
early, at the
sam
e
time,
the
synchro
nou
s
narro
w pul
se
control ala
r
m circuit gi
ve
s the
corre
s
p
ondin
g
contro
l sign
al, reali
z
e
s
swit
chin
g bet
wee
n
automa
t
ic alarm a
nd
manual al
arm
.
For exam
ple
,
first output
a wide
pul
se, an
d out
put 000
0000
1 after coun
ting and
decodin
g
, div
i
ded i
n
to two
gro
u
p
s
, on
e
grou
p lig
ht
s
up the
LED
Ua, the
rest
LED lig
hts
of the
sen
der
are
n
o
t bright
whi
c
h me
an
s no
w is d
e
te
ctin
g the co
nne
ction of Ua te
rminal, an
oth
e
r
grou
p lights u
p
the LED after goin
g
thro
ugh the i
nput
and outp
u
t of the terminal
unde
r test, if the
con
n
e
c
tion is corre
c
t, the receive
r
Ua
wi
ll
be lighted u
p
. The syste
m
will output
0000
0010
after
cou
n
ting an
d
decodin
g
wh
en the secon
d
pulse come
s
autom
aticall
y
to test the Ub termi
nal. If all
the re
ceivin
g
LED a
r
e
not
lighted
whi
c
h mea
n
s
disconne
ction or poor
c
onta
c
t, the outp
u
t fault
sign
al chan
g
e
s to m
anu
al
reroute m
ode
l, if Ub is
light
ed, it mean
s
Ua a
nd
Ub i
s
con
n
e
c
ted, t
h
e
output ala
r
m
sign
al ch
ang
es to man
ual
rero
ute
mod
e
l. In manual
rero
ute mod
e
l, signal i
s
n
o
t
prod
uced by 555 but the switch
si
gn
al a
nd artificial b
u
tton.
Synchrono
us narrow pul
se: Becau
s
e there ma
y be
some del
ay whe
n
the two testing
sign
al jum
p
, so a
s
to
pre
v
ent the ala
r
m modul
e
mi
scalculation,
use th
e n
a
rrow p
u
lse to f
ilter
detectio
n
sig
nal, namely o
n
ly cho
s
e the
middle pa
rt of the stable si
gnal for testin
g and ala
r
min
g
.
Alarm modul
e: The two si
gnal
s input to the alar
m mo
dule, if they a
r
e the sam
e
, it means
right, oth
e
rwi
s
e
mea
n
s wrong
and
ala
r
m. The
ala
r
m
sig
nal
outpu
ts only
wh
en
na
rro
w
pul
se is
high level, it l
i
ghts the
ala
r
m LED
and
p
r
ompt
s cha
n
g
i
ng line
s
a
nd
cuts off the o
u
tput sig
nal
of
555 then a
ccess the artifici
al input pul
se
into the manual model.
Figure 5. Voltage current d
e
tection
circui
t
3.2. Curren
t
Terminal Polarit
y
Judgment
Curre
n
t termi
nal determine
polarity dete
c
tion area is
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 6.
Figure 6. Polarity detectio
n
area in
step
3
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 90 – 96
94
The test prin
ciple is sh
own in Figure 7, u
s
ing crrent lo
op deci
s
io
n method to de
termine,
input test DC signal on bo
th ends of cu
rre
nt trans
fo
rmer, install the cu
rre
nt se
nso
r
in the test
circuit, testin
g the dire
ctio
n of current, Op-a
mp
an
d the thyristor
amplify and latch the si
gn
al, if
corre
c
t pol
ari
t
y and curren
t dire
ction i
s
positive,
the
LED lig
ht, if the pol
arity is co
rre
ct, current
dire
ction is p
o
sitive, the LED light
s, if the pola
r
ity is wron
g, t
he curre
n
t dire
ction is ne
gati
v
e,
alarm the ind
i
cator lig
ht, manually ente
r
the reroute
model. Throu
gh three time
s dete
c
tion, can
compl
e
te the
ABC three
pha
se
curren
t terminal
p
o
larity deci
s
io
n
,
output "test is succe
s
sfu
l
,
trouble
-
fre
e
" sign
al after complete.
Figure 7. Current termin
al polarity judg
ment
4. The Simulation and Ex
periment
4.1. The Simulation Verifi
cation
Multisim
sim
u
lation
sh
ows that
the te
st circui
t ca
n effectively
de
tect
such pro
b
lems
a
s
the
di
sconn
e
c
tion, wiri
ng and wrong
p
o
larity,
etc,
a
nd
can
reali
z
e fault lo
catio
n
an
d fault
al
arm
very well. Fig.8 is the third
st
ep si
mulat
i
o
n
sc
ree
n
s
hot
s.
Figure 8. The
simulation
screen
sh
ots in
step 3
4.2. The Experimental Pr
ototy
p
e Verif
i
cation
After the co
mpletion of
electri
c
e
n
e
r
gy mete
rin
g
device
wiri
ng
detecto
r, in
six local
power
su
pply
com
pani
es a
nd oth
e
r
unit
s
for ele
c
tri
c
energy mete
ring d
e
vice
wi
ring i
n
spe
c
tio
n
s
and compa
r
e
d
with co
nven
tional dete
c
tion method
s i
n
detectio
n
a
c
cura
cy and t
i
me.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Study in Step
by Step Electric Ene
r
gy M
e
te
r Co
nne
cti
on Dete
ction
Method (Qing
Zhim
ing)
95
Table 1. Accu
racy
comp
ari
s
on tabl
e
after usin
g the ne
w type instru
ment
Validation
compan
y
Multimeter
accur
a
c
y
（
%
）
Experience to ju
dge
accur
a
c
y
（
%
）
Accur
a
cy
of new
instr
u
ment
（
%
）
NA compan
y
90
50
100
JB compan
y
80
40
100
WZ compan
y
Unused
40
100
TL compan
y
Unused
30
100
BB compan
y
Unused
20
100
DJ compan
y
Unused
30
100
As sho
w
n in
Table 1, each unit of the em
ploye
e
s in after the compl
e
tion
of th
e
installatio
n
of electri
c
ene
rgy meterin
g
device,
with
a new type of instrume
nt wiring
che
c
k
accuracy rea
c
he
d 100%, interme
d
iate a
nd above
staff members are able to ope
rate prop
erly.
Table 2. Time
compa
r
i
s
on t
able after u
s
i
ng the ne
w type instrume
nt
Validation
compan
y
Multimeter
（
Min
）
Experience to ju
dge
（
Min
）
Ne
w
instrument
（
Min
）
NA compan
y
25
10
<4
JB compan
y
25
12
<4
WZ compan
y
30
15
<5
TL compan
y
35
15
<4
BB compan
y
30
14
<5
DJ compan
y
35
15
<5
As sh
own in Table 2, the time sh
orten
e
d
to
averag
e less than 5 m
i
nutes afte
r u
s
ing the
new in
stru
me
nts to determi
ne.
5. Conclusio
n
The ste
p
test in this pap
er, it’s main co
ntribution i
s
:
1) Simplifie
s the process of
electri
c
e
n
e
r
gy
meterin
g
device wiri
ng
detectio
n
effectively,
reali
z
e
s
the
fault accurate positio
ning
, impr
oves t
he dete
c
tion
efficiency a
nd re
du
ces
the
depe
nden
ce
on te
sting
st
aff skill
s. By
analyzi
ng th
e
co
nne
ction t
e
st difficulty, puts fo
rward
the
curre
n
t loo
p
d
i
rectio
n d
e
ci
si
on to im
plem
ent the
pol
a
r
ity deci
s
io
n, wi
thout stitch lin
e, make u
p
fo
r
the disadvan
tages
of the
conve
n
tiona
l met
hod
ca
n't dete
c
t su
ch failu
re. S
i
mulation a
n
d
experim
ental
prototype
dat
a sho
w
that t
h
is
method
i
s
aimed
at all kind
s of
com
m
on errors wi
ring
detectio
n
and
d the accu
ra
cy wa
s 10
0%
, the testi
ng time is
sho
r
ten
by 5 minute
s
comp
ared wi
th
the comm
on
method.
2) Thi
s
met
h
od can a
c
co
mplish th
e fa
ult detectio
n
without el
ectricity and lo
ad
s
，
which
can redu
ce th
e safty potential whe
n
there is
so
me fau
l
t conne
ction
existing in the
circuit.
3) Step te
st
is succe
s
sfull
y
and effecti
v
el
y used i
n
elect
r
ic
ene
rgy mete
ring
device
wirin
g
test
s, and ha
s th
e ce
rtain th
eory refe
ren
c
e si
gnifican
c
e to othe
r electroni
c po
wer
equipm
ent in wirin
g
dete
c
tion the pre
c
o
n
d
iti
on of no p
o
we
r or n
o
re
moving stitch
es.
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a
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oh,
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an Kar G
uan,
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KA
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