I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
May
201
8
,
p
p
.
4
1
6
~4
2
5
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ee
cs
.
v
1
0
.
i2
.
p
p
416
-
4
2
5
416
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
ijeec
s
Finit
e
Ele
m
en
t
A
na
ly
sis
of Ma
x
im
u
m
Elect
ric
Field
for Air
Brea
k
do
w
n Unde
r Vario
us Elec
trode Con
figura
tion
s
Nur
F
a
rha
ni A
m
bo
1
,
H
ida
y
a
t
Z
a
in
ud
d
in
*
2
,
M
uh
a
m
m
a
d
Sa
ufi
K
a
m
a
rud
in
3
,
J
a
m
a
l
ud
in
M
o
hd
Wa
ri
4
,
Ay
ua
m
ira
Z
a
ha
ri
5
1
,
2,
5
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
l
a
k
a
,
M
a
la
y
si
a
3
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
,
M
a
lay
sia
4
In
d
k
o
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
d
n
.
B
h
d
.
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
D
ec
12
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
F
eb
1
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
F
eb
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
d
e
sc
rib
e
s
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
a
ir
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
rio
u
s
e
lec
tro
d
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
g
a
p
len
g
th
.
By
u
sin
g
COMS
OL
M
u
lt
i
p
h
y
sic
s
,
a
F
in
it
e
El
e
m
e
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
(F
EM
)
so
f
tw
a
re
,
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
le
c
tri
c
f
ield
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
term
in
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
a
ir
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
a
ta
o
b
tain
e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
A
C
stre
ss
.
T
h
e
r
e
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
R0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
e
le
c
tri
c
f
ield
u
p
o
n
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
,
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
R6
-
p
lan
e
,
R4
8
-
p
la
n
e
a
n
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
.
In
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
f
ield
g
iv
e
s
a
l
m
o
st
id
e
n
ti
c
a
l
re
su
lt
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
e
lec
tro
d
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
e
x
c
e
p
t
f
o
r
R6
-
p
lan
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
ir
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
A
ir
i
n
s
u
latio
n
E
lectr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Fin
ite
E
le
m
e
n
t M
et
h
o
d
(
FEM
)
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
All
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Hid
a
y
at
Z
ain
u
d
d
in
,
Hig
h
Vo
ltag
e
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Me
lak
a,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
h
id
a
y
at
@
u
te
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
An
ad
v
a
n
ce
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
p
o
w
er
s
ec
to
r
o
f
n
atio
n
h
as
g
iv
e
n
a
b
ig
ch
a
n
ce
to
em
p
o
w
er
en
g
in
ee
r
s
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
o
p
er
atin
g
li
f
e.
T
ill
n
o
w
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ee
n
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
p
o
w
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
is
t
h
e
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
it
s
in
s
u
la
tio
n
q
u
a
lit
y
[1
-
2
]
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tates
o
f
i
n
s
u
lat
io
n
t
h
at
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
;
g
a
s
,
liq
u
id
a
n
d
s
o
lid
.
Fo
r
g
as
i
n
s
u
latio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
air
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
p
lest
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
g
a
s
u
s
ed
as
i
n
s
u
lat
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
a
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
b
ein
g
u
n
iv
er
s
all
y
an
d
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
a
v
ai
lab
le
at
n
o
co
s
t
[
3
]
.
Fu
th
er
m
o
r
e,
air
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
as e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
all
y
u
n
cr
itical
i
n
s
u
lat
io
n
m
ed
i
a
f
o
r
g
a
s
i
n
s
u
lated
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t [
4
-
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
esis
ti
v
it
y
o
f
a
ir
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as i
n
f
in
i
te
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
io
n
izatio
n
[
6
]
.
I
n
ad
v
an
ce
,
t
h
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
f
air
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
to
d
esig
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
s
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
ap
p
ar
atu
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
a
n
air
-
i
n
s
u
la
ted
g
ap
b
e
t
w
ee
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
e
tal
elec
tr
o
d
es
ca
n
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
b
y
a
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
e
p
as
t
f
e
w
d
ec
ad
es,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
wo
r
k
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
ab
o
u
t
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
elec
tr
ica
l
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
s
m
all
air
g
ap
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
h
as
it
s
g
r
ea
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
ce
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
o
v
er
h
ea
d
li
n
e,
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
o
t
h
er
v
ar
io
u
s
air
in
s
u
lated
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
[
1
]
.
So
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
ai
r
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
b
ec
o
m
es
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
an
d
d
u
e
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
F
in
ite
E
leme
n
t A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Ma
ximu
m
E
lectric F
ield
fo
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
kd
o
w
n
Un
d
er
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
r
h
a
n
i A
mb
o
)
417
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
n
ee
d
s
t
o
in
v
est
ig
ate
t
h
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
air
d
u
r
in
g
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
A
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
d
eter
m
in
in
g
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
f
u
ll
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
air
u
n
d
er
ce
r
tain
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
p
r
o
f
iles
.
I
t
is
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
p
r
o
p
er
ly
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
at
a
ll
lo
c
atio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
elec
tr
o
d
es.
Fo
r
s
i
m
p
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
g
eo
m
etr
ie
s
,
t
h
e
elec
tr
i
c
f
ie
ld
s
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
a
n
al
y
ticall
y
,
b
u
t
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
p
r
o
b
lem
is
co
m
p
le
x
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
e
d
g
eo
m
etr
ies
[
7
-
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
n
u
m
er
ical
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
to
u
s
ed
in
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
u
s
u
all
y
ap
p
licab
le
w
h
e
n
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
co
m
p
le
x
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
an
al
y
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
v
er
y
co
m
p
lica
ted
o
r
i
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
b
ein
g
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
u
s
ed
s
in
ce
i
t
allo
w
s
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
av
o
id
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
tr
ial
-
an
d
-
er
r
o
r
lab
o
r
a
to
r
y
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
f
t
en
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t [
9
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
an
a
ir
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
id
e
a
test
r
i
g
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
g
ap
le
n
g
t
h
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
e
l
ec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
,
a
f
in
i
te
ele
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
(
FEM
)
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
.
FEM
is
a
n
u
m
er
ical
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
is
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
el
y
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
cie
n
c
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
o
s
e
a
r
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
eh
av
io
u
r
[
1
0
-
11
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
g
ap
len
g
t
h
s
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
eir
elec
tr
ical
f
iel
d
b
eh
av
io
r
in
s
id
e
a
test
r
ig
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.1
.
E
x
peri
m
ent
a
l Set
u
p
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
a
c
u
s
to
m
m
a
d
e
test
r
i
g
t
h
at
w
as
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
test
r
ig
is
th
e
c
o
u
r
tes
y
o
f
I
n
d
k
o
m
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Sd
n
.
B
h
d
w
h
er
e
it
w
as
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
w
it
h
a
v
o
lu
m
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
2
0
5
litre
s
an
d
ca
n
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
u
p
to
7
0
k
V
in
o
n
e
m
in
u
te.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
u
s
to
m
Ma
d
e
T
est R
ig
T
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
,
f
o
u
r
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
ar
e
u
s
ed
;
p
la
n
e
-
p
la
n
e,
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
,
R
6
-
p
la
n
e
(
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
-
p
la
n
e)
,
an
d
R
4
8
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
h
as
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
1
0
0
m
m
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
R
0
.
5
,
R
6
an
d
R
4
8
elec
tr
o
d
es
h
av
e
a
t
ip
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
0
.
5
m
m
,
6
m
m
a
n
d
4
8
m
m
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
l
l e
lectr
o
d
es a
r
e
m
ad
e
o
f
b
r
ass
m
etal.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
(
a)
P
lan
e
-
P
lan
e
(
b
)
R
0
.
5
-
P
lan
e
(
c)
R
6
-
P
lan
e
(
d
)
R
4
8
-
P
lan
e
0
.
5
mm
6
mm
1
0
0
m
m
1
0
0
m
m
1
0
0
m
m
4
8
mm
1
0
0
m
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
1
6
–
4
2
5
418
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
s
er
ie
s
o
f
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
test
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
AC
v
o
lta
g
es
(
p
o
w
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
)
a
n
d
th
e
te
s
t p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
te
s
t is co
m
p
l
y
in
g
with
B
S E
N
6
0
0
6
0
-
1
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
12
]
.
A
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
5
0
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
o
n
ea
ch
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
w
a
s
tak
e
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
tatis
tical
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
test
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
th
e
n
u
s
ed
i
n
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
f
o
r
ea
ch
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n o
f
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
le
ct
ric
F
ield
us
ing
CO
M
SO
L
M
ultiphy
s
ics
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
C
OM
SO
L
Mu
lt
ip
h
y
s
ic
s
5
.
2
a
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
in
s
id
e
th
e
test
r
ig
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
E
a
ch
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
h
as
its
o
w
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
al
y
s
is
i
ts
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
e
h
av
io
r
w
it
h
t
h
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
r
esu
lt
s
.
I
n
g
en
er
al
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
s
tag
es
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
o
lv
e
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
th
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
s
ta
g
e,
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
ta
g
e,
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
ta
g
e.
A
ll t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
ea
ch
s
tag
e
i
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
FEM
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
in
C
OM
SO
L
M
u
ltip
h
y
s
ics
So
f
t
war
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
A
ir
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
test
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
a
test
r
i
g
w
it
h
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
1
at
m
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
test
,
it
w
a
s
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
at
th
e
r
elativ
e
h
u
m
id
it
y
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
test
r
ig
ar
e
v
ar
ied
b
et
w
ee
n
4
4
%
to
7
8
%
an
d
2
8
.
3
°
C
to
3
0
.
1
°
C
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
all
th
e
test
s
m
ee
t
B
S
E
N
6
0
0
6
0
-
1
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
1
2
]
,
it
is
f
air
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
test
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
all
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
r
es
u
lt
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e
af
ter
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
U
50
i
s
r
e
f
er
s
to
t
h
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
s
o
f
5
0
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ata.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
U
50
v
al
u
e
o
f
air
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
g
ap
le
n
g
th
f
o
r
ea
ch
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
g
a
p
len
g
t
h
,
t
h
e
lo
w
est
U
50
r
esu
lt
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e,
w
h
i
le
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
is
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e.
I
t
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
th
e
p
atter
n
o
f
U
50
va
lu
e
s
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
i
s
clo
s
e
to
R
6
-
p
lan
e,
w
h
ile
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
is
clo
s
e
to
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
tip
r
a
d
iu
s
.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
U
50
b
et
w
ee
n
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
a
n
d
R
6
-
p
lan
e
a
r
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
as
th
e
g
ap
len
g
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
U
50
v
alu
e
s
b
et
w
ee
n
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
as
t
h
e
g
ap
len
g
t
h
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
esp
ec
iall
y
a
t
ab
o
v
e
3
0
m
m
.
G
eo
m
et
ric
M
o
del
: 2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
p
lo
t
P
a
ra
m
et
er
s
:
-
R
elat
iv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
air
=
1
M
a
t
er
ia
l P
r
o
pert
ies
: A
ir
B
o
un
da
ry
Co
nd
it
io
ns
:
-
E
lectr
ic
P
o
ten
tial (
A
ir
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e)
-
Gr
o
u
n
d
M
esh
ing
:
E
x
tr
e
m
el
y
f
i
n
e
AC/DC
M
o
du
le
–
E
lectr
o
s
tatic
E
x
ec
utio
n M
o
de
:
Stu
d
y
-
S
tati
o
n
ar
y
So
lv
ing
Resul
t
s
:
E
lectr
ic
P
o
ten
tia
l
L
ine P
lo
t
(
1
D)
Su
rf
a
ce
P
lo
t
(
2
D)
P
re
-
pro
ce
s
s
ing
P
o
s
t
-
pro
ce
s
s
ing
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
F
in
ite
E
leme
n
t A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Ma
ximu
m
E
lectric F
ield
fo
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
kd
o
w
n
Un
d
er
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
r
h
a
n
i A
mb
o
)
419
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
U5
0
f
o
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
a
s
a
Fu
n
ctio
n
o
f
Gap
L
e
n
g
th
3
.
2
.
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
E
lect
ric
F
iel
d Si
m
u
la
t
io
n
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
U
50
v
al
u
e
s
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
e
lectr
ic
f
ield
(
E
m
ax
)
f
o
r
ea
c
h
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
d
elled
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
i
n
C
OM
SO
L
Mu
ltip
h
y
s
ics
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
,
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
E
m
ax
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
at
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
s
tr
e
s
s
r
eg
io
n
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
lo
t
(
le
f
t
s
id
e)
an
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
cu
r
v
e
p
lo
t
(
r
ig
h
t
s
id
e)
f
o
r
ea
c
h
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
at
1
0
m
m
g
ap
len
g
t
h
.
I
t
is
n
o
ted
t
h
at
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
lo
t
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
E
m
ax
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
cu
r
v
e
p
lo
t
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
alo
n
g
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
le
n
g
t
h
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
tab
le
r
an
g
e
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
v
ar
ies
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Dar
k
r
ed
co
lo
r
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t (
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
)
elec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
w
h
ile
d
ar
k
b
lu
e
co
lo
r
is
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
lo
w
est ele
ctr
ic
f
ield
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
lectr
ic
Field
s
b
et
w
ee
n
R
0
.
5
-
P
lan
e
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
(
1
0
m
m
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
U
50
(kV
)
G
a
p
L
eng
t
h
(m
m)
R
0
.
5
-P
l
a
n
e
R
6
-P
l
a
ne
R
4
8
-P
l
a
ne
P
l
a
n
e
-P
l
a
n
e
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
R
0
.
5
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
m
a
x
:
9.
594
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
1
6
–
4
2
5
420
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
lectr
ic
Field
s
b
et
w
ee
n
R
6
-
P
la
n
e
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
(
1
0
m
m
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
lectr
ic
Field
s
b
et
w
ee
n
R
4
8
-
P
lan
e
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
(
1
0
m
m
)
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
R
4
8
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
m
a
x
:
2.
468
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
R
6
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
m
a
x
:
3.
734
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
F
in
ite
E
leme
n
t A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Ma
ximu
m
E
lectric F
ield
fo
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
kd
o
w
n
Un
d
er
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
r
h
a
n
i A
mb
o
)
421
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
lectr
ic
Field
s
b
et
w
ee
n
P
lan
e
-
P
la
n
e
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
(
1
0
m
m
)
R
ev
ie
w
in
g
F
ig
u
r
e
5
to
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
E
m
a
x
o
cc
u
r
s
at
t
h
e
tip
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
w
it
h
d
ar
k
r
ed
co
lo
r
s
h
ad
e.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t
E
m
ax
v
a
lu
e
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
n
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e,
9
.
5
9
4
k
V/
m
m
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
E
m
a
x
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
R
6
-
p
la
n
e
an
d
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
ar
e
3
.
7
3
4
k
V/
m
m
a
n
d
2
.
4
6
8
k
V/
m
m
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
B
esi
d
es
th
at,
it
i
s
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
cu
r
v
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
e
x
p
o
n
en
tia
ll
y
alo
n
g
th
e
1
0
m
m
g
ap
len
g
t
h
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e,
R
6
-
p
lan
e
an
d
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
i
s
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
m
o
r
e
s
h
ar
p
l
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
E
m
a
x
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
p
l
an
e
-
p
la
n
e
is
2
.
3
0
3
k
V/
m
m
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
i
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
a
lo
n
g
t
h
e
g
ap
len
g
t
h
,
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
s
in
ce
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
cu
r
v
e
o
r
s
h
ar
p
ed
g
e
p
r
esen
c
e
o
n
th
e
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
in
-
d
ep
t
h
an
al
y
s
is
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
E
m
a
x
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
ch
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
o
th
er
g
ap
len
g
t
h
s
(
i.
e.
2
0
m
m
,
3
0
m
m
,
4
0
m
m
,
an
d
5
0
m
m
)
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
,
i
t
is
n
o
ticed
th
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
p
lo
t
f
o
r
all
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
al
m
o
s
t
id
en
tical
as p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
ex
ce
p
t f
o
r
th
ei
r
E
m
a
x
v
a
lu
e
s
.
As
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
,
it
is
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
E
m
ax
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
en
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
i
s
u
s
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
6
-
p
lan
e,
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
la
n
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
,
a
lth
o
u
g
h
w
i
th
lo
w
e
r
U5
0
v
alu
e
s
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
R
0
.
5
elec
tr
o
d
e
h
as
a
v
er
y
s
h
ar
p
t
ip
w
i
th
0
.
5
m
m
r
ad
iu
s
.
A
s
t
h
e
tip
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
E
m
ax
v
al
u
es
ar
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
as
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
g
ap
len
g
th
,
t
h
e
E
m
a
x
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
R
6
-
p
la
n
e,
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
la
n
e
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
as
th
e
g
ap
len
g
th
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es a
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
E
m
ax
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
in
cr
ea
s
es a
s
t
h
e
g
ap
le
n
g
t
h
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
E
m
ax
as a
F
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
Gap
L
e
n
g
t
h
0
4
8
12
16
10
20
30
40
50
E
ma
x
(kV
/mm
)
G
a
p
L
eng
t
h
(m
m)
R
0
.
5
-P
l
a
n
e
R
6
-P
l
a
ne
R
4
8
-P
l
a
ne
P
l
a
n
e
-P
l
a
n
e
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
(
P
l
a
n
e
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
1
6
–
4
2
5
422
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e
(
U
50
)
an
d
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
e
l
ec
tr
ic
f
ield
(E
m
ax
)
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
t
w
a
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
b
et
w
ee
n
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
elec
tr
o
d
es
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es,
th
e
l
o
w
er
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e
v
alu
e
s
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
w
h
ile
n
o
tin
g
th
a
t
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
i
th
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
r
ad
iu
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
n
if
o
r
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
w
h
en
t
h
e
p
la
n
e
-
p
la
n
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
w
h
i
ls
t
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
w
h
e
n
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es a
r
e
u
s
ed
.
T
o
ai
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
co
n
s
id
er
a
g
ap
len
g
t
h
o
f
1
0
m
m
wh
er
eb
y
t
h
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
f
o
r
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
2
3
k
V,
w
h
ils
t
it
is
ab
o
u
t
1
0
k
V
w
h
en
R
0
.
5
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
(
r
ef
er
F
ig
u
r
e
4
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
p
la
n
e
-
p
l
an
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
s
ab
o
u
t
2
.
3
k
V/
m
m
,
w
h
ils
t
t
h
e
E
m
ax
f
o
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
tio
n
is
7
6
%
h
ig
h
er
,
i.e
.
9
.
6
k
V/
m
m
(
r
ef
er
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
)
.
I
f
o
n
e
co
n
s
id
er
s
a
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
o
f
1
0
k
V
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
E
max
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
w
ill
b
e
to
o
lo
w
(
i.e
.
1
.
0
k
V/
m
m
)
,
th
u
s
it
is
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
to
in
itia
te
a
p
r
e
-
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
t
r
ea
m
er
.
Nev
er
t
h
eles
s
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
o
f
1
0
k
V,
t
h
e
E
m
a
x
w
h
ic
h
e
x
is
t
s
at
t
h
e
s
h
ar
p
ti
p
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
s
tr
ess
r
eg
io
n
th
at
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
in
it
iate
a
p
r
e
-
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
tr
ea
m
er
,
th
u
s
lead
to
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
e
v
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
e
x
p
lai
n
s
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
el
ec
tr
o
d
es
w
it
h
a
s
m
all
tip
r
ad
iu
s
h
as
a
lo
w
er
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
elec
tr
o
d
es w
ith
a
lar
g
er
tip
r
ad
iu
s
.
3.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ri
s
o
n bet
w
ee
n Sim
u
la
t
io
n a
nd
Ana
ly
t
ica
l R
es
ults o
f
E
m
a
x
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
es
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
an
d
an
al
y
tica
l
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
E
m
ax
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
w
er
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
in
g
C
OM
S
O
L
M
u
lt
ip
h
y
s
ics
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
as
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
2
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
tical
r
e
s
u
lt
s
ar
e
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eq
u
atio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fo
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
R
0
.
5
elec
tr
o
d
e
h
as
a
p
o
in
t
tip
s
w
it
h
0
.
5
m
m
r
ad
i
u
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ho
w
ar
d
[
1
5
]
,
th
e
E
m
a
x
v
al
u
e
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
eit
h
er
p
o
in
t
-
p
la
n
e
o
r
p
o
in
t
-
s
p
h
er
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
as
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
i
n
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
)
w
h
ich
w
as
d
er
iv
ed
b
ased
o
n
h
y
p
er
b
o
lo
id
al
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ati
o
n
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
R
6
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
R
6
elec
tr
o
d
e
h
as
a
h
e
m
i
s
p
h
er
ical
-
s
h
ap
ed
at
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
it
s
tip
.
D
u
e
to
t
h
i
s
r
ea
s
o
n
,
R
6
-
p
lan
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
h
e
m
is
p
h
e
r
e
-
p
lan
e.
T
h
e
E
m
ax
v
alu
e
f
o
r
t
h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
at
io
n
(
2
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
eq
u
atio
n
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
u
p
o
n
th
e
f
ie
ld
b
et
w
ee
n
a
s
p
h
er
e
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
[
1
6
]
,
b
u
t
it
is
b
elie
v
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
elec
t
r
ic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
t
t
h
e
s
p
h
er
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
d
o
m
in
a
ted
b
y
t
h
e
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
th
at
f
ac
es
t
h
e
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e.
A
s
a
p
r
o
o
f
,
a
f
in
i
te
ele
m
e
n
t
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
i
n
a
p
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
E
m
ax
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
s
p
h
er
e
-
p
la
n
e
to
t
h
e
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
-
p
lan
e.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt
,
b
o
th
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
g
a
v
e
alm
o
s
t
s
i
m
ilar
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
s
(
i.
e
.
th
e
E
m
ax
v
a
lu
e
o
f
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
-
p
lan
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
t
h
e
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
o
f
s
p
h
er
e
-
p
lan
e
w
ith
er
r
o
r
less
th
a
n
3
.
2
%).
Fo
r
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
E
m
ax
v
a
lu
e
i
s
esti
m
ated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
eq
u
atio
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
R
6
-
p
la
n
e
s
in
c
e
th
eir
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
b
eh
av
io
r
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
is
in
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
to
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
(
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
cu
r
v
e
p
lo
t
b
et
w
ee
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
)
.
L
astl
y
,
f
o
r
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
3
)
s
i
n
c
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
ex
is
ts
at
a
n
y
p
o
in
t b
et
w
ee
n
th
is
elec
tr
o
d
es
g
ap
ar
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
av
er
ag
e
el
ec
tr
ic
f
ield
,
E
m
ean
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fo
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
E
m
ax
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
E
ac
h
E
lectr
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
El
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
F
o
r
mu
l
a
f
o
r
E
m
a
x
R
e
f
(
a
)
=
2
(
4
)
(
1
)
W
h
e
r
e
:
V
= U
50
v
a
l
u
e
,
r
=
t
i
p
r
a
d
i
u
s
,
d
=
g
a
p
l
e
n
g
t
h
[
1
5
]
(
b
)
=
+
(
2
)
W
h
e
r
e
:
V
= U
50
v
a
l
u
e
,
r
=
t
i
p
r
a
d
i
u
s
,
d
=
g
a
p
l
e
n
g
t
h
,
k
=
0
.
9
[
1
6
]
(
c
)
=
=
(
3
)
W
h
e
r
e
:
V
= U
50
v
a
l
u
e
,
d
=
g
a
p
l
e
n
g
t
h
[
1
6
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
F
in
ite
E
leme
n
t A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Ma
ximu
m
E
lectric F
ield
fo
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
kd
o
w
n
Un
d
er
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
r
h
a
n
i A
mb
o
)
423
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
E
m
ax
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
an
al
y
tical
(
ca
lc
u
lated
)
r
esu
lt
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
g
ap
len
g
t
h
.
Fo
r
R
0
.
5
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
b
o
th
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
E
m
ax
v
al
u
es
ar
e
clo
s
e
to
e
ac
h
o
th
er
esp
ec
iall
y
at
1
0
m
m
,
2
0
m
m
an
d
4
0
m
m
w
i
th
er
r
o
r
less
th
a
n
5
%.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
f
o
r
R
6
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
E
m
ax
v
al
u
es
b
et
w
ee
n
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
as
th
e
g
ap
len
g
t
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
h
er
e
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
v
a
r
ied
f
r
o
m
6
.
5
%
to
1
0
0
.
9
%.
I
t
is
b
eliev
ed
th
at
th
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
i
x
ed
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
k
v
al
u
e
in
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
)
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
ts
to
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
E
m
ax
a
s
t
h
e
g
ap
le
n
g
th
i
s
v
ar
ied
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
f
o
r
R
4
8
-
p
la
n
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
i
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
ca
lc
u
lat
ed
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
E
m
ax
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
0
.
3
%
to
1
0
.
7
%.
L
astl
y
,
f
o
r
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
E
m
ax
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
ca
lcu
latio
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ar
e
s
i
m
ilar
f
o
r
all
g
ap
len
g
t
h
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
An
al
y
tical
a
n
d
Si
m
u
lat
io
n
R
e
s
u
lts
o
f
E
m
ax
(
k
V/
m
m
)
G
a
p
(
mm
)
R
0
.
5
-
P
l
a
n
e
R6
-
P
l
a
n
e
R
4
8
-
P
l
a
n
e
P
l
a
n
e
-
P
l
a
n
e
(
a
)
C
O
M
S
O
L
Er
r
o
r
(%
)
(
b
)
C
O
M
S
O
L
Er
r
o
r
(%
)
(
b
)
C
O
M
S
O
L
Er
r
o
r
(%
)
(
c
)
C
O
M
S
O
L
Er
r
o
r
(%
)
10
9
.
2
9
5
9
.
5
9
4
3
.
1
3
.
9
7
8
3
.
7
3
4
6
.
5
2
.
3
4
6
2
.
4
6
8
4
.
9
2
.
3
0
3
2
.
3
0
3
0
20
1
2
.
2
6
6
1
2
.
0
8
6
1
.
5
4
.
2
3
3
3
.
3
9
9
2
4
.
5
2
.
3
0
5
2
.
3
6
3
2
.
5
1
.
8
4
3
1
.
8
4
3
0
30
1
2
.
4
8
2
1
3
.
3
5
4
6
.
5
4
.
2
4
8
2
.
8
6
1
4
8
.
5
2
.
1
1
1
2
.
1
0
4
0
.
3
1
.
4
8
0
1
.
4
8
0
0
40
1
3
.
8
6
7
1
3
.
6
0
9
1
.
9
4
.
1
8
6
2
.
4
0
2
7
4
.
3
1
.
9
1
9
1
.
8
3
0
4
.
9
1
.
2
3
9
1
.
2
3
9
0
50
1
5
.
3
5
9
1
3
.
8
5
8
1
0
.
8
4
.
2
1
9
2
.
1
0
0
1
0
0
.
9
1
.
7
8
8
1
.
6
1
5
1
0
.
7
1
.
0
5
2
1
.
0
5
2
0
*
(
a
),
(
b
),
a
n
d
(
c
)
a
re
c
a
lcu
late
d
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
to
f
o
rm
u
la i
n
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
(
1
),
(
2
)
a
n
d
(3
)
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ov
er
all,
A
C
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
test
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
air
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
o
b
tain
U5
0
d
ata
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
g
ap
len
g
th
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
;
p
la
n
e
-
p
lan
e,
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e,
R
6
-
p
lan
e
a
n
d
R
4
8
-
p
lan
e.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
th
e
g
ap
len
g
th
i
s
v
ar
ied
b
et
w
ee
n
1
0
m
m
to
5
0
m
m
i
n
1
0
m
m
i
n
ter
v
al.
Af
ter
co
n
d
u
c
t
in
g
th
e
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
te
s
t,
t
h
e
U5
0
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
t
h
en
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
E
m
a
x
u
s
i
n
g
a
2
D
ax
is
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
el
in
C
OM
SO
L
M
u
ltip
h
y
s
ic
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
c
u
r
v
e
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
lectr
o
d
es
ar
e
also
p
l
o
tted
an
d
ex
a
m
in
ed
.
I
t
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
air
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
R
0
.
5
-
p
lan
e
g
ap
s
ar
e
lo
w
er
t
h
a
n
th
e
o
th
er
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
th
e
E
m
ax
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
a
m
o
n
g
all
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
tical
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
E
m
a
x
f
o
r
ea
ch
elec
t
r
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
al
m
o
s
t si
m
ilar
to
ea
ch
o
t
h
e
r
ex
ce
p
t f
o
r
R
6
-
p
lan
e.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
i
s
h
to
th
a
n
k
Ma
la
y
s
ia
n
Mi
n
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
HE
)
an
d
Un
i
v
er
s
it
i
T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Me
la
k
a
(
UT
eM
)
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
u
n
d
er
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
r
a
n
ts
;
FR
GS
/1
/2
0
1
6
/
T
K0
4
/FKE
-
C
E
R
I
A
/F0
0
3
0
4
.
A
n
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
also
g
i
v
es
to
I
n
d
k
o
m
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
Sd
n
.
B
h
d
.
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ce
r
tai
n
r
esear
ch
m
at
er
ials
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
.
B.
S
a
n
k
a
r,
“
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
o
f
Ai
r
Bre
a
k
d
o
wn
Vo
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
El
e
c
tric
Fi
e
ld
u
sin
g
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
S
p
h
e
re
Ga
p
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
M
a
ste
r
T
h
e
sis,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
S
.
Ka
rm
a
k
a
r,
“
A
n
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
S
tu
d
y
o
f
A
ir
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
V
o
l
tag
e
a
n
d
it
s
Ef
f
e
c
ts
o
n
S
o
li
d
In
s
u
latio
n
,
”
J
.
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
M
.
S
.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
th
e
Po
te
n
ti
a
l
o
f
CF
3
I
a
s
a
n
Al
ter
n
a
ti
v
e
fo
r
S
F6
i
n
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
in
4
5
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsiti
e
s P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(UP
EC
2
0
1
0
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
M
.
S
.
Na
id
u
a
n
d
V.
Ka
m
a
r
a
ju
,
“
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
”
,
4
t
h
e
d
.
,
T
a
ta M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
,
2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
E.
On
a
l,
“
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
Ch
a
ra
c
t
e
ris
ti
c
s
o
f
Ga
se
s
in
No
n
-
Un
if
o
rm
F
i
e
ld
s,”
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
7
–
1
1
8
2
,
2
0
0
4
.
[6
]
G
.
R.
Jo
n
e
s,
M
.
A
.
L
a
u
g
h
to
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
S
a
y
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r’s
Re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Bo
o
k
”
,
1
5
t
h
e
d
.
,
Bu
tt
e
rw
o
rt
-
He
in
e
m
a
n
n
L
td
.
,
1
9
9
3
.
[7
]
A
Ka
ra
,
Ö.
K
a
len
d
e
rli
,
a
n
d
K.
M
a
rd
ik
y
a
n
,
“
Ef
fec
t
o
f
Die
lec
tric
Ba
rr
ier
s
to
th
e
El
e
c
tric
Fi
e
ld
o
f
Ro
d
-
P
la
n
e
Ai
r
Ga
p
,
”
Ei
g
h
t
h
COMS
OL
Co
n
f
.
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
F.
M
iro
n
,
M
.
P
u
rc
a
r,
a
n
d
C.
M
u
n
tea
n
u
,
“
Nu
m
e
rica
l
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
F
ield
in
sid
e
a
Hig
h
V
o
l
tag
e
S
u
b
sta
ti
o
n
,
”
Act
a
El
e
c
tro
teh
n
ica
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
–
1
7
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
M
.
S
.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
,
“
Exp
e
rime
n
ta
l
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
CF3
I
-
CO
2
Ga
s
M
ixtu
re
s
o
n
t
h
e
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
C
h
a
ra
c
ter
isti
c
s
i
n
Un
if
o
rm
a
n
d
No
n
-
Un
if
o
rm
Fi
e
l
d
Co
n
fi
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
s,”
P
h
D T
h
e
sis,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
8
:
4
1
6
–
4
2
5
424
[1
0
]
S
.
K.
Ka
n
ik
e
ll
a
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
F
ield
a
n
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
Dry
Ca
b
le
Us
in
g
F
EM
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
1
-
2
2
7
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
K.
Ra
jag
o
p
a
la,
K.
P
.
V
it
tal,
a
n
d
H.
L
u
n
a
v
a
th
,
“
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
F
ield
a
n
d
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
P
ro
p
e
r
ti
e
s
o
f
3
-
P
h
a
se
Ca
b
le”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
-
2
7
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
Co
m
m
i
tt
e
f
o
r
El
e
c
tro
tec
h
n
ica
l
S
tan
d
a
rd
iza
ti
o
n
,
“
BS
EN
6
0
0
6
0
-
1
:
2
0
1
0
BS
I
S
tan
d
a
rd
s
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
Hig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
Tes
t
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
P
a
rt
1
:
G
e
n
e
ra
l
De
f
in
it
io
n
s a
n
d
T
e
st Req
u
i
re
m
e
n
ts,” 2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
M
.
S
.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
im
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
El
e
c
tric F
ield
Pro
p
e
rties
fo
r A
ir B
r
e
a
k
d
o
wn
u
sin
g
COM
S
OL
M
u
lt
ip
h
y
sic
s,
”
in
4
th
I
ET
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Clea
n
E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(CE
AT
2
0
1
6
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
M
.
S
.
Ka
m
a
ru
d
in
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
re
ss
u
ri
z
e
d
CF
3
I
-
CO
2
G
a
s
M
ix
tu
re
u
n
d
e
r
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
Im
p
u
lse
a
n
d
it
s
S
o
li
d
By
-
P
ro
d
u
c
ts”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
8
8
-
3
0
9
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
P
.
R.
Ho
w
a
rd
,
“
P
ro
c
e
ss
Co
n
tri
b
u
ti
n
g
to
t
h
e
El
e
c
tro
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
G
a
se
s
in
Un
if
o
rm
a
n
d
No
n
-
Un
if
o
rm
El
e
c
tri
c
F
ield
s
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
IEE
–
P
a
r
t
A
:
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
4
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
–
1
4
2
,
1
9
5
7
.
[1
6
]
A
.
Bo
u
w
e
r
s
a
n
d
P
.
G
.
Ca
th
,
"
T
h
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
El
e
c
tri
c
F
ield
S
tren
g
th
f
o
r
S
e
v
e
ra
l
S
i
m
p
le
El
e
c
tro
d
e
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s"
,
Ph
il
i
p
s T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rev
iew,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
–
2
7
8
,
1
9
4
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
F
in
ite
E
leme
n
t A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Ma
ximu
m
E
lectric F
ield
fo
r
A
ir
B
r
ea
kd
o
w
n
Un
d
er
…
(
N
u
r
F
a
r
h
a
n
i A
mb
o
)
425
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nu
r
Fa
r
h
a
n
i
A
m
b
o
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(In
d
u
strial
P
o
w
e
r)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
in
2
0
1
6
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rr
e
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
g
a
s d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s,
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
in
su
lati
o
n
sy
ste
m
s a
n
d
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts.
H
id
a
y
a
t
Za
in
u
d
d
in
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
i
s
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
th
e
n
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
w
it
h
Bu
sin
e
ss
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
trath
c
l
y
d
e
,
G
la
s
g
o
w
,
in
2
0
0
5
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
a
m
p
to
n
in
2
0
1
3
.
He
h
a
s
se
rv
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
sta
ff
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(
UTe
M
)
sin
c
e
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
s
so
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
n
d
De
p
u
ty
De
a
n
(S
tu
d
e
n
t
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t)
in
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UT
e
M
.
He
is
a
lso
th
e
He
a
d
o
f
th
e
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
(HV
ER
L
a
b
),
UT
e
M
.
He
w
a
s
th
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
r
o
f
Ce
n
tre
o
f
Ex
c
e
ll
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
Ro
b
o
ti
c
s
a
n
d
In
d
u
str
ial
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
(Ce
RIA
)
a
t
U
T
e
M
f
ro
m
2
0
1
4
to
2
0
1
6
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
g
re
e
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
y
ste
m
,
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
in
su
lati
o
n
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
,
f
a
il
u
re
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
ti
o
n
.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
S
a
u
fi
K
a
m
a
r
u
d
i
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
De
g
re
e
in
Hig
h
V
o
l
tag
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Ca
rd
iff
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
UK
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
2
0
0
5
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
a
t
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
ien
On
n
(U
T
HM).
He
is
a
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
(Ir
.
)
re
g
istere
d
w
it
h
th
e
b
o
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
M
a
la
y
sia
(BEM
).
He
is
a
lso
a
c
o
rp
o
ra
te
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
e
n
g
in
e
e
rs
M
a
la
y
si
a
(IE
M
).
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
g
a
s
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
,
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
su
rg
e
a
rre
ste
rs as
w
e
ll
a
s
d
iele
c
tri
c
,
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
in
su
lati
o
n
sy
ste
m
.
J
a
m
a
l
u
d
i
n
M
o
h
d
Wa
r
i
is
a
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
In
d
k
o
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
d
n
B
h
d
,
a
m
e
d
iu
m
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
w
it
c
h
g
e
a
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
b
a
se
in
S
h
a
h
A
la
m
,
S
e
lan
g
o
r.
He
is
a
m
a
n
a
g
e
r,
d
e
sig
n
e
r
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
w
it
h
m
o
re
th
a
n
2
5
y
e
a
rs
o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
in
d
u
stry
.
His
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
a
th
b
e
g
a
n
in
1
9
8
4
a
s
a
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
r;
b
e
c
a
m
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
r
in
1
9
8
9
a
n
d
l
a
ter
o
n
in
1
9
9
6
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
a
s
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
Dire
c
to
r.
He
h
a
d
w
id
e
e
x
p
o
su
re
a
n
d
e
x
ten
siv
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
s
in
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
tran
sm
issio
n
p
ro
jec
ts
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
ly
e
n
g
in
e
e
re
d
s
y
st
e
m
s
w
h
ich
r
e
q
u
ire
d
e
e
p
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
c
rit
ica
l
b
u
sin
e
ss
d
riv
e
rs
in
m
u
l
ti
p
le
m
a
r
k
e
ts
a
n
d
in
d
u
stries
.
He
led
a
n
d
m
o
ti
v
a
ted
te
a
m
s
c
o
m
p
rise
d
o
f
m
o
re
th
a
n
2
0
0
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
s
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
P
&
L
f
o
r
b
u
si
n
e
ss
d
iv
isio
n
s
e
x
c
e
e
d
in
g
RM
1
0
0
m
il
li
o
n
re
v
e
n
u
e
.
Ay
u
a
m
ir
a
Za
h
a
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
Co
n
tr
o
l
,
In
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
n
M
e
lak
a
(UT
e
M
)
in
2
0
1
4
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
e
r
M
S
c
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
t
UT
e
M
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
s
m
a
in
ly
o
n
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
s in
su
la
ti
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.