Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
V
ol.
23, N
o. 1,
Ju
ly
2021, p
p. 6
12
~
620
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
475
2,
DOI: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v2
3.i
1.
pp
612
-
620
612
Journ
al h
om
e
page
: htt
p:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Modellin
g consu
mer’s in
tention t
o use
I
o
T
devic
es: rol
e of
tec
hn
ophil
ia
Nu
sr
at Jah
an
1
, Md. Ab
u H
ose
n S
h
awo
n
2
, F
arz
ana Sadi
a
3
, Dil
ar
a
K
hanom
Nit
u
4
,
Md. En
am
K
obi
r R
ib
on
5
,
I
mran
Mahm
u
d
6
1,3,4
,5,
6
Depa
rtmen
t
of
Softwar
e En
gine
er
ing, Daf
fo
dil
In
te
rna
ti
on
al
Univer
sit
y
,
Ban
gla
desh
2,6
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ion
Tec
hnolog
y
&
Man
age
m
ent
,
Daffod
il
In
te
rna
ti
on
al
Univer
sit
y
,
Ban
gla
desh
6
BRAC
Business School,
BRAC
Univer
sit
y
,
B
an
gla
desh
1,3
School
of
Co
m
pute
r
&
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
Enginee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i
M
al
a
y
si
a
Per
l
is (
UniMA
P)Tit
l
e
should
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r 26,
2021
Re
vised
Ma
y
19, 2
021
Accepte
d
J
un
24, 202
1
The
pr
ese
nt
stud
y
h
as
be
en
cond
uct
ed
to
exa
m
in
e
wheth
er
ski
ll
s
and
gen
eral
te
chno
log
y
-
relat
ed
v
al
ue
(GTV)
req
ui
red
to
op
era
t
e
the
intern
et
of
th
ings
(IoT
).
Th
is
stud
y
a
lso
inv
esti
g
ates
is
there
an
y
e
f
fec
t
of
t
ec
hnoph
i
li
a
to
adopt
IoT.
The
rese
ar
c
h
m
et
hod
w
e
us
e
in
thi
s
qu
ant
i
t
at
iv
e
stud
y
was
the
sam
ple
surve
y
.
For
inv
esti
gating
r
esults
,
352
surve
y
s
were
conduc
t
ed
where
26
surve
y
s
wer
e
le
d
through
onli
n
e
a
nd
292
surve
y
s were
distr
ibuted
to
diff
ere
n
t
age
groups.
Th
e
proposed
m
ode
l
was
ex
amined
using
par
ti
a
l
l
e
ast
squar
e
struct
ura
l
equati
on
m
odel
wher
e
the
resul
ts
r
e
vea
l
ed
that
Io
T
skill
s
and
Gene
ral
knowl
e
dge
on
technolo
g
y
di
rectl
y
cont
r
ibut
e
to
technop
hil
ia
which
cove
rs
beh
avi
ou
ral
,
emotional,
a
nd
cogni
t
ive
aspe
ct
s.
That
is
if
p
eopl
e
h
ave
a
fasc
ination
fo
r
n
e
w
technologies,
the
n
th
e
y
ar
e
wi
ll
ing to
use
IoT
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
IoT
Io
T
ado
ption
Io
T
in
Ba
ngla
de
sh
Tech
nophil
ia
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Md. Ab
u H
os
e
n
S
ha
won
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f Sof
t
war
e
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
Daffodil
Inter
na
ti
on
al
Uni
ver
s
it
y, Ba
ng
la
de
s
h
Em
a
il
:
ho
sen
35
-
1420@
diu.e
du.bd
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
IoT
ref
e
rs
t
o
th
e
net
wor
k
of
s
om
e
obj
ect
s
w
hich
co
ntain
se
ns
ors,
s
of
t
war
e
to
co
nnect
dat
a
with
oth
e
r
dev
ic
es
over
t
he
inter
net
[
1].
By
gather
in
g
and
sy
nchr
on
is
ing
big
data
with
the
cl
oud
sy
stem
and
proc
essin
g
them
in
intel
li
gen
t
de
vices
in
te
rn
et
of
thi
ngs
(
Io
T
)
ge
nerat
es
in
novative
va
lues
i
n
th
e
sm
art
li
nked
w
orl
d.
By
us
in
g
I
oT
so
l
ut
ion
s
a
nu
m
ber
of
de
vices
co
nn
ect
e
d
people
,
netw
orks
,
data.
It
is
pre
dicte
d
that
by
2030
there
will
be
over
500
m
il
l
ion
pro
du
ct
s
or
de
vices
avail
able
th
at
are
connect
ed
thr
ough
int
e
rn
et
[
2].
T
hough
I
oT
te
chnolo
gies
a
nd
p
r
oduc
ts
ar
e
avail
able,
it
is
no
t widely
ac
cepted b
y
en
d
us
ers
.
F
or
t
his
reason,
it
is
ne
cessary
to f
i
nd out
wh
i
ch fact
or h
el
ps
end
use
rs
to
use
IoT
dev
ic
e
.
The
pr
i
ncipal
pur
po
se
of
the
stud
y
is
to
scr
utinize
the
as
pe
ct
s
wh
ic
h
a
re
consi
der
e
d
t
o
i
nf
l
uen
ce
t
he
decisi
ons
of
w
hethe
r
or
not
to
ta
ke
on
IoT
crit
ic
al
ly
.
It
is
con
cei
vab
le
to
create
a
li
nk
e
d
world
with
po
werful
new
se
rv
ic
es
a
nd
pro
du
ct
s
by
entan
glin
g
r
adio
f
reque
ncy
ide
ntific
at
ion
(RFID)
i.e.
bio
m
et
ric
sensor
s
a
nd
act
uator
s
w
hich
w
ou
l
d
gat
her,
s
urveil
a
nd
re
gu
la
te
data
of
the
realt
i
m
e
w
orl
d
into
th
e
i
nfor
m
at
ion
te
ch
nolo
gy
fr
am
ewo
r
k.
To
be
e
na
bled
t
o
captu
re
a
nd
co
nn
ect
with
t
he
realt
i
m
e
sensor
data
of
the
ph
ysi
cal
wo
rl
d
‘s
m
art’
is
co
uple
d
with
t
he
ha
r
dw
a
re
,
s
of
t
w
are
a
nd
cl
ou
d
detect
in
g
te
c
hnol
og
ie
s
w
hic
h
c
ould
s
i
m
i
la
rly
be
use
d
f
or
adv
a
nce
d
sc
ru
t
iny
an
d
opti
ng
intel
li
gen
t
deci
sion
s
[
3
]
.
I
oT
be
ing
i
nterli
nke
d
with
the
gro
up
of
c
onnecte
d
sm
ar
t
dev
ic
es
c
ould
be
ad
dr
e
ssed
ind
ivi
du
al
ly
and
c
omm
un
ic
at
ed
-
with
in
realt
i
m
e
via
sta
nd
a
rd
IP
centre
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752
Mo
delli
ng
c
on
su
me
r’s
intenti
on to use
I
o
T
de
vi
ces: r
ole o
f
te
chnophili
a
(
Nusra
t
Ja
han)
613
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
protoc
ols
in
t
erm
s
of
valid
m
easur
em
ent
fo
r
predict
in
g
use
r
acce
ptance
[
4
]
.
T
he
te
c
hnophili
a
wh
ic
h
is
co
ns
i
der
e
d
as
the
a
utono
m
ou
s
det
erm
ining
facto
r
of
us
i
ng
a
pr
opos
e
d
new
m
od
el
am
on
gst
oth
e
r
po
te
ntial
deter
m
inants
c
ou
l
d
be
disti
nguis
he
d
from
the
s
ocial
sta
ndar
ds
an
d
ge
ner
al
disc
r
i
m
inant
te
ch
nolog
y
-
relat
ed
val
ues
[5]
.
It
is
note
w
or
t
hy
that
sinc
e
the
m
od
el
cou
ld
j
oi
n
up
wit
h
the
m
ulti
-
ti
er
s
view
of
te
ch
no
l
ogy
adoptio
n,
w
hich
al
s
o
c
on
sist
s
of
sin
gle
as
w
el
l
as
orga
niza
ti
on
al
le
vels
al
ong
with
t
he
na
ti
on
al
le
vel
vi
ew,
it
was
te
rm
ed
as
‘tech
nophil
ia
’.
New
pe
rcep
ti
ons
m
igh
t
be
in
ve
nted
th
r
ough
this
m
od
el
provi
ded
the
us
e
r
ha
s
the
te
chnolo
gical
know
-
how,
di
gital
li
te
racy,
in
novative
m
ind
set
s,
m
anag
em
ent,
a
nd
a
djust
m
ents
in
the
te
chnolo
gical
con
te
xt.
The
r
esearche
rs
[
5]
adduce
d
t
hat
a
ge
neral
pe
rs
pe
ct
ive
on
te
ch
no
l
og
y
-
relat
ed
val
ue
(G
T
V)
s
ha
res
a
com
m
on
fac
tor
e.
g.
co
gnit
ive
em
otion
s
to
wards
the
te
ch
no
l
og
y
i.e.
int
erest
i
n,
pas
sio
n
f
or
te
chnolo
gy,
an
d
le
vel
of
i
nfo
rm
ation
a
bo
ut
.
Ne
ve
rtheless,
these
c
ogniti
ve
incli
natio
ns
towa
rd
s
te
c
hnology
cou
l
d
str
ongly
fluctuate
de
pe
ndin
g
on
the
de
vi
ce.
T
he
y
s
how
that
te
ch
nophil
ia
has
a
ve
ry
i
m
po
rtant
ro
le
to
pla
y
in
e
xp
a
ndin
g
t
he
us
e
of
a
dva
nce
tra
veler
in
f
or
m
at
ion
syst
e
m
(A
TIS).
The
y
surve
ye
d
1300
Au
st
rian
pe
op
le
to
fin
d
out
their
at
tract
ion
to
wa
rds
ICT
th
rou
gh
t
echno
ph
il
ia
.
S
urpr
isi
ng
ly
GT
V
is
not
pe
rtine
nt
to
the
te
c
hnol
og
y
equ
al
ly
wh
ic
h
are
dif
fer
e
nt.
It
is
axi
om
atic
that
te
ch
no
log
y
is
the
m
os
t
si
gn
ific
a
nt
facto
r
i
n
ec
onom
i
c
pro
gr
ess
[6
]
.
Wh
e
n
in
form
ation
a
nd
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
te
ch
no
l
og
y
(
ICTs
)
is
de
velo
pe
d
a
nd
bec
om
es
lim
itless
in
dev
el
op
e
d
c
ountries, it bec
om
es v
ery sig
nificant to the
c
ount
ries whic
h
a
re not that well
-
off
as
well
du
e to the
rap
i
d
s
pr
ea
ding
of the tec
hnol
og
y.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
o
p
i
n
e
d
t
h
a
t
c
u
t
t
i
n
g
-
e
d
g
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
u
l
d
h
e
l
p
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
e
v
e
r
-
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
g
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
,
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
nc
e
,
a
u
gm
e
n
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
,
3
D
p
r
i
n
t
e
r
s
,
a
nd
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
w
i
t
h
a
n
o
p
t
i
o
n
t
o
be
w
o
r
n
[
7
].
N
o
t
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
,
m
o
d
e
r
n
a
g
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
l
i
k
e
I
o
T
h
a
s
i
t
s
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
,
i
t
c
om
e
s
a
l
o
ng
w
i
t
h
a
t
h
r
e
a
t
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
[
8
]
.
N
e
v
e
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
,
a
d
i
s
t
i
n
c
t
i
v
e
l
i
n
e
t
o
b
e
d
r
a
w
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
p
h
i
l
i
a
-
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
p
a
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
s
t
I
C
T
a
n
d
G
T
V
-
m
i
r
r
o
r
i
n
g
w
o
r
l
d
w
i
d
e
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
i
n
s
o
c
i
e
t
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
.
T
h
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
[
9
]
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
pt
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
m
a
r
t
h
om
e
s
a
n
d
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
s
om
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
l
i
k
e
r
i
s
k,
t
r
u
s
t
,
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
e
n
j
o
y
m
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
nc
e
o
n
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
pt
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
y
s
u
r
v
e
y
e
d
2
5
8
p
e
o
p
l
e
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
’
s
s
e
n
t
i
m
en
t
o
r
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
o
u
s
e
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
t
e
r
m
’
S
m
a
r
t
H
om
e
’
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
a
h
o
u
s
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
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a
t
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o
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n
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y
w
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t
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h
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o
g
y
a
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d
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
l
e
v
e
l
.
G
o
v
e
r
nm
e
n
t
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
h
e
s
p
r
o
c
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
l
a
n
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
I
C
T
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
.
H
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
s
o
f
g
o
v
e
r
nm
e
n
t
,
I
o
T
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
p
h
i
l
i
a
pl
a
y
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
r
o
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
s
k
i
l
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
,
e
m
pl
o
y
m
en
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
S
o
c
i
a
l
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
nt
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
m
a
ny
o
t
h
e
r
s
[1
0
]
.
B
y
t
h
e
e
nd
o
f
2
0
2
1
,
t
h
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
i
m
s
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
(
M
o
d
e
r
n
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
)
.
T
h
e
c
om
p
a
n
y
D
a
t
a
-
S
o
f
t
L
a
u
nc
h
e
s
i
t
s
f
i
r
s
t
I
o
T
L
a
b
i
n
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
nm
e
n
t
a
l
s
o
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
u
s
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
nt
a
l
s
o
b
u
i
l
t
a
H
i
-
T
e
c
h
P
a
r
k
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
f
r
e
e
I
T
c
o
u
r
s
e
s
f
o
r
e
n
t
h
u
s
i
a
s
t
i
c
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
p
h
i
l
e
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
o
f
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
[
1
1
].
In
t
h
e
rese
arc
h
arti
cl
e
aut
hors
us
e
e
xp
a
nde
d
te
chnolo
gy
acc
eptance
m
od
el
(TA
M
)
that
goes
into
th
e
i
m
po
rtance
of
Io
T
(inter
net
of
t
hings)
[1
2]
-
[
1
4
]
sk
il
ls
f
or
t
he
ad
opti
on
of
Io
T
te
c
hnolog
y.
T
hey
al
s
o
pr
oduce
d
so
m
e
requirem
ents
for
i
ncr
ea
sing
I
oT
ad
opt
ion
inter
net
s
ki
ll
s
li
ke
Mo
bile,
inf
orm
ation
na
vig
at
io
n,
s
ocial
an
d
sk
il
ls.
Yildi
rim
an
d
Ali
-
Eldi
n
[15]
they
pro
po
s
e
c
on
ce
ptua
l
m
od
el
wh
ic
h
def
i
ne
s
om
e
factors
that
i
nfl
uen
ce
us
ers
to
us
e
w
earable
I
oT
de
vices
at
w
ork
pl
ace.
T
he
a
uthors
propose
d
a
ne
w
re
fuge
to
I
oT
-
base
d
[
16]
sm
art
ho
m
e
se
r
vice
acce
ptance
us
ing
value
-
base
d
a
doptio
n
m
od
el
(VAM)
[
17]
,
[18
]
a
nd
te
chnolo
gy
acce
ptanc
e
m
od
el
(TA
M)
[19]
.
I
n
this
e
xplo
rati
on
pa
per
crit
ic
s
portray
that
ackno
wled
gem
ent
of
I
oT
is
as
ye
t
restrict
ed
to
a
co
uple
of
a
ppli
cat
ion
a
reas
and
a
fe
w
e
xa
m
inati
on
s
s
ho
w
t
hat
see
k
a
fter
the
ac
knowle
dg
em
ent
of
IoT
f
ro
m
nu
m
erous
hypothesis
view
po
ints,
in
pa
rtic
ul
ar,
the
the
or
y
of
reas
oned
ac
ti
on
(TRA
),
th
e
theo
ry
of
pla
nn
e
d
beh
a
vior
(TPB
)
[
2
0
]
a
nd
TA
M.
In
this
e
xplorati
on
pa
pe
r
crit
ic
s
[2
1
]
inve
sti
gate
the
m
et
ic
ulo
usness
of
t
he
TAM
[
22
]
util
iz
ing
m
e
m
ber
s
in
an
e
du
cat
io
na
l
set
ti
ng
an
d
the
sprea
d
to
w
hich
unusual
fa
ct
or
s
im
pacts
on
th
e
m
od
el
(TA
M)
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
it
inv
est
ig
at
es
th
e
capaci
ty
of
in
novatio
n
f
or
c
ha
ng
i
ng
ed
ucati
ng
an
d
le
ar
ning.
He
sh
ows
that
tuto
r
s
don’t
util
iz
e
in
novatio
n
via
bly
as
the
util
iz
at
ion
of
PCs
i
n
t
he
stu
dy
halls
sta
ys
s
pecifi
c
an
d
insig
nificant.
The
a
uthor
[
23]
broa
de
n
the
essenti
al
TA
M
m
od
el
by
e
xam
ining
the
eff
ect
of
facto
rs
tr
ust
,
per
cei
ved
c
ondu
ct
co
ntr
ol
a
nd
a
bs
tract
st
and
a
r
d
on
wo
rk
e
r'
s
dem
eano
ur
a
nd
s
ocial
ex
pectat
ion
t
ow
a
r
ds
e
m
br
aci
ng
Io
T
in
retai
l
sit
uations
.
The
pri
m
ary
reason
f
or
the
pa
per
is
to
recog
nize
factors
crit
ic
al
to
th
e
ackno
wled
gem
ent
a
nd
util
iz
ation
of
I
oT
by
r
et
ai
l
rep
re
senta
ti
ves
a
nd
to
s
ugge
st
the
bo
a
r
d
m
et
ho
dolo
gi
es
f
or
powe
rful
I
oT
i
ncor
porati
on
in
the
retai
l
store
s.
A
uthor
m
ea
su
re
t
heir
view
of
I
oT
as
far
a
s
ha
nd
i
ness,
E
ase
of
Use,
tr
us
t,
vie
ws
to
wards
I
oT
r
ecepti
on,
sa
w
c
onduct
co
nt
ro
l,
em
otion
al
sta
nd
a
rd
a
nd
s
ocial
go
al
.
By
us
in
g
thi
s
su
r
vey
m
od
el
s’
exp
e
rts
pe
rcei
ve
d
that
co
ns
ti
tu
ti
on
a
nd
protect
ion
of
the
a
ppr
opriat
e
f
ram
ewo
r
k
for
t
he
residen
t
s
to
us
e
I
oT
base
d
ho
m
e
serv
ic
e
s
are
in
dis
pen
s
able
f
or
t
he
bus
iness.
Tec
hnop
hobia
(
dism
iss
al
of
i
nnovat
io
n)
a
nd
t
echnophil
ia
(a
ppreciat
ion
for
innov
at
io
n)
[
24]
are
the
tw
o
lim
i
ts
of
the
co
nn
ect
io
n
betwe
en
in
novatio
n
a
nd
t
he
ind
ivi
du
al
,
ho
wev
e
r
es
pecial
ly
,
a
m
on
g
in
novatio
n
an
d
so
ci
et
y.
The
c
riti
c
[2
5
]
propose
d
an
oth
e
r
m
od
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci, Vo
l.
23, N
o.
1, Ju
ly
2021:
612
-
620
614
(
t
ech
nophil
ia
)
for
in
novatio
n
ackno
wled
gem
ent
an
d
pe
rceiv
e
the
receptio
n
procedu
re
it
sel
f
as
a
key
fa
ct
or
fo
r
eff
ic
aci
ous
dee
p
-
rooted
util
iz
at
ion
of
run
ning
innov
at
io
n,
for
exam
ple,
sal
ar
y
le
vel,
a
bili
ti
es,
form
al
instruc
ti
on
,
or
ha
nds
-
on
pr
epar
i
ng
a
nd
it
'
s
(
t
ech
nophil
ia
)
no
ti
ce
to
ICT
includi
ng
IS,
c
el
l
phon
es
,
a
dvanced
di
ver
si
on
a
nd
In
te
r
net
sit
es.
Also
,
it
'
s
app
e
ared
t
o
be
go
od
a
s
the
m
odel
m
igh
t
be
f
urt
her
intric
at
e
to
dif
fer
e
nt
s
ort
s
of
innov
at
io
n.
T
he
auth
or
[
2
4
]
ha
s
al
so
portray
ed
a
bout
Mo
de
rn
a
dvan
ces
fa
ce
of
the
m
ental
deb
at
e
si
nce,
curren
t
innov
at
io
ns
pr
oduce
i
n
a
sim
il
ar
m
easur
em
ent,
s
olace
an
d
cat
ast
roph
es
.
He
sim
i
la
rly
sai
d
that
at
the
psy
cho
-
dynam
ic
le
vel,
this
in
ner
c
onflic
t
is
c
omm
u
nicat
ed
by
fasc
inati
on
in
in
no
vation
a
nd
dis
m
issal
of
in
novation.
The c
riti
c
[
24
]
pro
po
se
d a
n
I
oT
ada
ptio
n m
od
el
that
w
ork
of
th
ree
i
nnovat
ion
fact
or
s
de
pe
nd
e
nt
o
n
in
nova
ti
on
adap
ti
on
m
od
e
l
(T
AM)
that
f
ocus
t
o
c
reate
and
te
st
a
n
int
egr
at
ive
m
od
el
of
va
riables
de
ci
din
g
c
us
to
m
ers'
adap
ti
on
of Io
T inno
vation a
nd
it
'
s h
ave
b
e
en
gi
ve
n
wi
de c
onsiderati
on a
nd
ha
d
the
huge
n
um
ber
of
a
da
ptions
in
num
ero
us
fi
el
ds
.
T
he
st
udy
is
le
d
to
t
he
ind
i
viduals
w
ho
inte
nd
to
a
pp
ro
ac
h
this
pe
rpl
exing
disci
pline
a
nd
con
t
rib
ute
to
w
ard
s
it
s
progres
sion
s
.
IoT
a
dopt
ion
m
os
tl
y
de
pends
on
the
in
te
ntion
to
us
e
(
IU)
a
nd
t
ec
hnophili
a.
IU
d
e
pe
nd
s
on
per
cei
ved
ris
ks,
tr
us
t,
a
war
e
ne
ss,
a
nd
I
oT
Sk
i
ll
s
[25
]
.
Tec
hnophili
a
de
pe
nds
on
s
ocial
sta
nda
r
d
towa
rd
s
ICT
a
nd
GT
V
val
ue.
This
st
udy
en
deavo
ur
s
to
dis
cov
e
r
t
he
el
em
ents
that
i
nf
lu
e
nce
te
ch
nophil
ia
and
the
facto
rs
w
hi
ch
are
reli
ant
on
I
oT
a
doptio
n
in
Ba
ng
la
des
h.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
a
new
m
od
el
f
or
te
chnolo
gy
ad
o
ption
would
be
pr
e
se
nted.
Ca
lc
ulati
on
of
the
el
em
ents
that
in
flue
nce
the
acce
pta
nce
of
Io
T
w
ould
be
em
ph
asi
z
ed
on
thr
ough li
m
it
e
d researc
h. The
refor
e
, th
e
f
irst
questi
on
of
t
he
r
esea
rch (R
Q
)
w
ould
b
e:
RQ
1.
D
o
I
oT
sk
il
l
and
ge
ner
al
te
ch
nolog
y
-
relat
ed
va
lue
m
od
erate
the
relat
ionshi
p
bet
wee
n
t
echnophil
ia
a
nd
Io
T
a
doptio
n
be
hav
i
our
.
S
econdly
,
t
his
stud
y
in
vestigat
e
s
wh
et
her
or
not
the
re
is
a
ny
i
m
pact
of
te
c
hnophili
a
on
I
oT
a
dopti
on
i.e.
te
c
hnop
hili
a’s
in
flue
nc
e
on
inte
ntion
to
us
e
I
oT
is
m
easur
ed
.
RQ
2.
Is
t
ec
hnophili
a a
dr
i
ver
f
or
I
oT adopti
on
of the
u
se
rs
?
The
int
rod
uction
sect
ion
de
fi
nes
the
te
rm
tech
no
ph
il
ia
,
IoT,
sm
art
ho
m
e.
It
al
so
help
s
to
fin
d
ou
t
wh
y
Io
T
is
im
po
rta
nt
in
daily
li
fe
and
w
hich
fact
or
infl
ue
nce
IoT
ad
opti
on.
T
he
resea
rch
m
odel
an
d
hypothe
s
is
pa
rt
descr
i
be
m
od
e
l
with
t
he
hypothesis
w
her
ea
s
resea
rc
h
m
eth
od
pa
rt
descr
i
be
quest
ionnai
re
desig
n.
Re
s
ult
a
nd
discuss
i
on
pa
rt
descr
i
bes
m
ea
su
rem
ent
m
od
el
and
st
ru
ct
ural
m
od
el
an
d
di
scussion
of
th
os
e
m
od
el
is
gi
ven
i
n
discuss
i
on sect
ion
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MO
D
EL
AN
D
H
YP
OTHE
SIS
An
integ
rated
r
esearch
m
od
el
is
antic
ipate
d
he
re
to
exam
ine
the
fact
or
s
f
or
a
doptin
g
Io
T
.
T
his
re
searc
h
m
od
el
cov
e
rs
t
wo
thi
ng
s
on
e
is,
GTV
a
nd
I
oT
co
ntri
bu
te
to
te
chnophili
a
w
her
eas
te
ch
nophil
ia
de
pends
on
t
hre
e
factors
nam
ed
te
ch
no
-
E,
te
ch
no
-
B,
a
nd
te
chno
-
C
[
5
]
.
T
he
s
ubseq
ue
nt
Fig
ur
e
1
pro
vid
es
a
portrai
t
of
the
pro
po
se
d resea
rch m
od
el
.
Figure
1. Pro
pose
d
m
od
el
The
pr
opos
e
d
rese
arc
h
m
od
el
has
bee
n
s
umm
ed
up
de
pende
nt
on
t
he
the
or
ie
s
.
I
n
this
m
od
el
,
te
chnophili
a
is
sub
j
ect
t
o
GT
V
a
nd
IoT
w
hich
im
plies
that
the
ab
sence
of
com
pr
e
hen
si
on
is
al
on
g
t
hes
e
li
nes
ref
le
ct
ed i
n c
ha
ll
eng
es
i
n t
hi
nkin
g i
n
re
gards
to
gadgets'
co
op
e
rati
on
a
nd
their
belo
ngin
gs,
w
hich
, t
hus
,
le
ad t
o
inade
qu
at
e
det
ai
ls
and
e
rror.
Com
ing
up
short
on
the
a
bili
ti
es
t
o
accurat
el
y
deciph
e
r,
e
xam
ine,
and
c
onvey
inf
or
m
at
ion
c
ould
bri
ng
ab
out
cl
ie
nts
gathe
ri
ng
s
uper
flu
ou
s
inf
or
m
at
ion
,
overl
ooking
to
a
pp
ly
t
he
i
nform
at
ion
,
or m
aking
a
n
e
rron
e
ous i
nf
e
re
nce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752
Mo
delli
ng
c
on
su
me
r’s
intenti
on to use
I
o
T
de
vi
ces: r
ole o
f
te
chnophili
a
(
Nusra
t
Ja
han)
615
H1.
Gen
e
ral T
echnolo
gy
relat
ed
val
ue has a
posit
ive im
pact o
n
t
ech
no
phil
ia
.
H2. IoT
S
kill
s h
as a
posit
ive i
m
pact
on
t
ech
nophil
ia
.
An
e
xpect
at
ion
t
o
util
iz
e
I
oT
gadgets
s
ubje
ct
to
te
ch
nophil
ia
w
hich
e
nvel
ops
th
ree
at
ti
tud
inal
as
pec
ts
i.e.
,
beh
a
viou
ral,
e
m
ot
ion
al
,
a
nd
cogniti
ve
c
ompone
nts.
Psych
ology
an
d
pas
sion
bri
ng
e
xc
it
e
m
ent
and
c
r
eat
e
enth
us
ia
sm
f
or inno
vation.
H3.
te
ch
nophil
ia
(
be
ha
vioural
, em
otion
al
, c
ogniti
ve
) has
posit
ive i
m
pact on
IU
.
3.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
3.1.
S
tu
d
y de
sign,
parti
ci
pants
and dem
ogra
phics
The
pa
rtic
ipan
ts
of
this
re
se
arch
we
re
the
in
div
id
ual
c
ons
um
ers
who
visit
ed
el
ect
r
onic
sto
res
to
purc
hase
a
ny
e
le
ct
ro
nic
it
e
m
s.
T
he
m
ini
m
um
sa
m
ple
siz
e
with
a
pr
e
dicti
ve
powe
r
of
0.95
was
a
rr
i
ved
at
by
fo
ll
owin
g
t
he
r
esearch
of
[2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Ca
lc
ulati
on
s
sug
gested
that
with
a
m
axi
m
u
m
of
tw
o
predict
ors
((GT
V
a
nd
IOT
S)
, t
he
re
quire
d
sam
ple si
ze was 129. O
utput was esti
m
at
ed
m
ini
m
u
m
sa
m
ple size
require
d
wa
s 117, w
it
h
act
ual
po
wer
of
95%.
Sti
ll
,
di
stribu
te
d
quest
ionnaires
are
352
wh
e
re
318
are
res
pondent
s
com
plete
d
t
he
f
or
m
com
plete
ly
.
T
he
res
ponde
nts
’
age
i
n
bet
we
en
(
2
0
-
29,
30
-
39,
40
-
49,
50
and
a
bove
).
R
ecei
ved
res
ponse
rate
90.34%
. R
es
po
nd
e
nts
squa
re
m
easur
e
ty
pica
ll
y
un
ive
rsity
unde
r
gr
a
d a
nd
m
ast
er
le
vel
st
ud
e
nts,
j
ob
hol
der
a
nd
academ
ic
s.
Out
of
31
8 res
pondin
g i
ndivid
ual
s,
alm
os
t
210 (
66.0%)
wer
e
20
-
29
ye
ars ol
d,
(18.6%)
wer
e
30
-
39
ye
ars
old
,
34
(
10.7%)
we
re
40
-
49
ye
ars
old
wh
il
e
t
he
rem
a
ining
15
(
4.7%
)
wer
e
a
bove
t
he
a
ge
of
49.
I
n
reg
a
r
d
to g
e
nder
, 201
(63.2%
)
w
ere
m
al
e and
117 (
36.8%)
we
re f
e
m
al
e.
See Tabl
e 1
.
Table
1.
dem
og
ra
phic
info
rm
at
ion
of sur
vey res
ponde
nts
Ag
e
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
(%)
20
-
29
210
6
6
.0
30
-
39
59
1
8
.6
40
-
49
34
1
0
.7
50
-
59
15
4
.7
Gen
d
er
Male
201
6
3
.2
Fe
m
ale
117
3
6
.8
3.2.
Q
uesti
onni
are d
e
sign
Data
was
colle
ct
ed
usi
ng
a
st
ru
ct
ur
e
d
qu
e
sti
onnaire
.
T
he
quest
io
nn
ai
re
c
on
sist
e
d
of
t
w
o
par
ts:
T
he
fir
st
pa
rt
f
oc
use
d
on
dem
og
ra
ph
ic
quest
ions
li
ke
age,
ge
nde
r,
le
vel
of
ed
uc
at
ion
,
a
nd
ex
pe
rience
of
basi
c
IoT
relat
ed
dev
ic
e
s.
T
he
sec
ond
par
t
f
ocu
s
ed
on
m
easur
em
e
nt
it
e
m
s
for
t
he
dim
ension
s
of
I
oT
sk
il
l
relat
ed
qu
e
sti
onnaire
wer
e
a
dopted
from
the
resea
rch
of
[
12
]
.
T
echno
plil
ia
,
G
ener
al
te
ch
no
l
og
y
relat
ed
va
lue,
a
nd
intenti
on
t
o
use
(
IU)
we
re
ad
op
te
d
f
ro
m
the
rese
arc
h
of
[
5]
.
All
sta
tem
ents
we
re
m
easur
ed
t
hro
ugh
th
e
li
krt
seve
n
-
po
i
nt sc
al
e (1
-
st
r
ongly
disag
ree; 7
-
s
tr
ongly ag
ree)
. See
Tab
le
2 f
or
detai
ls q
uestio
nn
ai
re a
nd sou
rce
Table
2.
Mea
s
ur
em
ent it
e
m
s
Techn
o
p
h
ilia
–
Behavio
ral
TB1
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w well
h
o
w to h
an
d
le thes
e techn
o
lo
g
ies
?
TB2
I
lik
e to d
eal
m
o
re
th
o
rou
g
h
ly
with th
ese techn
o
-
lo
g
ical
p
rod
u
cts th
an
their bas
ic f
u
n
ctio
n
s w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ire.
[
5
]
TB3
I
d
o
no
t wish
to b
o
th
er
m
y
self
with th
e co
m
p
licated
m
o
d
e of
op
eration
of
th
ese techn
o
lo
g
ies.
Techn
o
p
h
ilia
–
E
m
o
tio
n
al
TE1
Mod
ern co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
techn
o
lo
g
ies
m
a
k
e
y
o
u
enth
u
sias
tic
?
TE2
I
a
m
f
ascin
ated
by
th
ese techn
o
lo
g
ica
l pro
d
u
cts.
[
5
]
TE3
Hav
e
y
o
u
r
f
u
n
playing
ar
o
u
n
d
with su
ch
techn
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
ices.
Techn
o
p
h
ilia
–
Cogn
itiv
e
TC1
Hav
e y
o
u
alw
ay
s
been
very
interested
in th
e techn
o
lo
g
ical f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
of
th
ese d
ev
ices
?
[
5
]
TC2
I
a
m
ver
y
inte
reste
d
in th
ese techn
o
lo
g
ies
Gen
eral
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
-
r
elated v
alu
es
GV1
Can
the p
rog
ress o
f
techn
o
lo
g
y
m
ak
e
lif
e
m
o
re
co
m
p
lic
ated
f
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
p
eo
p
le
?
[
5
]
GV2
All thin
g
s
co
n
sid
ered;
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is r
ath
er
a bles
sin
g
than
a
cu
rse fo
r
h
u
m
an
ity
?
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
se (
IU)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci, Vo
l.
23, N
o.
1, Ju
ly
2021:
612
-
620
616
Table
2.
Mea
s
ur
em
ent it
e
m
s
Techn
o
p
h
ilia
–
Beh
av
io
ral
IU1
By
o
f
f
ering
,
I
in
te
n
d
to u
se S
m
art
H
o
m
es.
IU2
I
a
m
willing
to u
se
S
m
a
rt
Ho
m
es in
t
h
e near
f
u
tu
re.
[
1
2
]
IU3
I
wo
u
ld
r
eco
m
m
en
d
S
m
art
Ho
m
e
s to
o
th
ers.
IU4
If
I
hav
e s
m
a
rt
h
o
m
e
ob
jects,
I
wo
u
ld
su
b
scrib
e in S
m
a
rt
Ho
m
es
.
IOT
Sk
ills
Q1
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to co
n
n
ect s
m
art
d
ev
ice to th
e I
n
te
rnet
?
Q2
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to sh
are
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
ro
m
s
m
a
rt
d
ev
ic
es o
n
the
Internet?
Q3
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to o
p
erate
s
m
a
rt
d
e
v
ices b
y
us
in
g
app
licatio
n
s
?
Q4
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to in
terpret data f
r
o
m
s
m
a
rt
-
d
ev
ices?
Q5
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to co
n
n
ect s
m
art
d
ev
ices to
m
y
W
i
-
F
i netwo
rk
?
Q6
Can
y
o
u
f
in
d
it
h
ard to
decid
e on
the b
est
settin
g
s f
o
r
sm
a
rt
dev
ices®?
[
1
2
]
Q7
Can
y
o
u
f
eel con
f
id
en
t op
erating
s
m
a
rt
d
ev
ices?
Q8
Can
y
o
u
f
in
d
the way
s
m
art
dev
ices o
p
erate
un
clear
?
Q9
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to ch
an
g
e with wh
o
m
I
sh
a
re
d
ata on
a s
m
a
rt
d
ev
ice?
Q1
0
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to read data f
ro
m
s
m
a
rt
dev
ices?
Q1
1
Do
y
o
u
kn
o
w ho
w to ch
an
g
e ho
w of
te
n
data ar
e gath
e
red b
y
s
m
art
dev
ices?
3.3.
Data
an
al
ys
is str
ateg
y
Ba
sed
on
the
s
tud
y
by
[2
6
]
,
PLS
-
SEM
a
ble
to
overc
om
e
t
he
first
-
ge
ner
a
ti
on
m
et
ho
d
w
hich
able
t
o
exten
d
the
eval
uation
data
qua
li
ty
thro
ugh
the
m
easur
e
m
ent
m
od
el
.
In
t
his
pap
e
r,
struct
ural
equ
at
io
n
m
od
el
li
ng
(S
EM)
is
util
iz
ed
to
qua
ntif
y
the
relat
io
nship
am
ong
the
facto
rs
of
ou
r
pro
j
ect
ed
m
od
el
.
S
EM
pe
r
m
it
s
the
analy
st
to
e
xtensi
vely
a
nd
con
c
urre
ntly
inv
e
sti
gate
a
pe
rp
le
xing
m
odel
with
var
i
ous
a
uton
om
ou
s
an
d
nona
utono
m
ous
facto
rs
[2
6
]
-
[30
]
.
T
heref
ore,
in
form
at
ion
syst
e
m
(I
S
),
bu
si
ness
m
anag
em
ent,
an
d
s
ocial
sci
ence
resea
rc
her
s
util
ise
this
strat
egy
[
33
]
extensi
vely
[34]
,
port
rayed
t
hat:
from
19
98
to
2007,
33.
3%
of
j
ou
rn
al
s
in
t
he
IS
R,
34.5
%
i
n
the
JMIS,
a
nd
32.2%
pa
pers
us
e
d
SEM
m
eth
ods.
Mc
D
on
a
ld
an
d
H
o
sta
te
d
that
the
par
ti
al
le
as
t
squares
(
PLS
)
a
ppr
oach
is
vi
ewed
as
t
he
m
os
t
exh
au
sti
ve
an
d
a
n
ex
pa
ns
ive
strat
egy.
PLS
is
portrayed
as
a
'
Sil
ver
bull
et
’ b
y
Joe
.
F
,
Hair
Jr,
Marko
Sars
te
dt
,
Lucas
Hopkins
,
Volke
r
G.
Kupp
el
wie
s
er
.
as
PL
S
can
deal
with
no
n
-
no
m
inal
data.
W
it
h
a
n
inte
ntion
to
te
st
the
pro
posed
sp
ec
ul
at
ion
s,
SEM
is
util
iz
ed
to
e
val
uate
a
n
exp
l
or
at
io
n
m
od
el
a
nd
em
po
we
r
to
e
xec
ut
e
diff
e
ren
t
c
om
plex
m
easur
able
exam
inatio
ns
ra
pid
ly
.
It
is
a
regressio
n
-
bas
ed
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
that
char
act
e
rizes
the
r
el
at
ion
s
hi
p
am
on
g
the
obser
ve
d
f
act
or
s
[3
3
]
an
d
ta
rg
et
s
to
lim
i
t
the
rem
ai
nin
g
va
rian
ces
of
e
ndoge
nous
facto
rs
[
3
4
]
.
Fo
r
est
im
at
in
g
our
m
od
el
he
re
SEM
with
t
he
PLS
proce
dure
[3
5
]
and Sm
artPLS
3
s
of
t
war
e
is u
t
il
iz
ed
to c
om
pu
te
the
data.
4.
RESU
LT
A
N
D DIS
CUSSI
ONS
4
.
1.
Measure
ment
mode
l
The
resea
rc
her
[
3
5]
rec
omm
e
nd
that
afte
r
t
he
exam
inati
on m
od
el
is
s
hap
e
d,
resea
rc
her
s
m
us
t
te
st
the
ou
te
r
m
od
el
.
Me
asur
em
ent
m
od
el
giv
es
two
s
or
ts
of
analy
sis
(Rel
ia
bili
ty
and
V
al
idit
y).
Re
li
a
bili
ty
inv
est
igati
on
gi
ves
yi
el
d
a
bo
ut
Com
po
sit
e
Re
li
abili
t
y
and
val
idit
y
a
naly
sis
pro
vid
e
the
outc
om
e
to
a
ver
a
ge
var
ia
nce
e
xtra
ct
ed
(AVE
)
[35].
F
or
as
sess
m
ent
of
t
he
oute
r
m
od
el
,
th
e
ave
ra
ge
va
riance
e
xpect
ed
(
AVE
)
,
com
po
sit
e reli
abili
ty
(
CR
),
a
nd
discrim
inant v
al
idit
y i
s esti
m
at
ed
that has
app
ea
re
d
in
Ta
bles
3
a
nd
4
.
Tab
le
3
sho
ws
that
t
he
s
quar
e
r
oo
t
of
A
V
E
is
m
or
e
pro
m
inent
tha
n
t
he
co
rr
es
pondin
g
c
onstr
uct
correla
ti
on,
w
hi
ch
dem
on
strat
es
that
our
c
onstruct
is
pa
rtic
ular
f
r
om
diff
eren
t
dev
el
op
s
[
36
]
.
T
he
c
orrelat
io
n
values
sho
uld
be greater
tha
n am
on
g othe
r
l
at
ent
va
riab
le
s
[37]. Ta
ble
4
s
hows
t
hese
val
ues.
Table
3.
C
onstruct
reli
abili
ty
an
d vali
dity
ta
ble
Variables
Co
m
p
o
site Reliab
i
lity
Av
erage Va
riance
Extracted
(AV
E)
GTV
1
.00
0
1
.00
0
IOT
S
0
.91
3
0
.57
0
IU
0
.91
1
0
.72
0
TF
0
.87
6
0
.70
4
Table
4.
Discri
m
inant v
al
idit
y
(fo
rn
el
l
-
la
rc
ke
r
crit
eri
on)
ta
ble
Variables
GTV
IOT
S
IU
TBQ
TCQ
TEQ
GTV
1
.00
0
IOT
S
0
.08
6
0
.75
5
IU
0
.20
1
0
.17
4
0
.84
9
TBQ
0
.16
3
0
.39
1
0
.26
6
0
.82
4
TCQ
0
.16
0
0
.14
1
0
.42
7
0
.42
4
0
.90
0
TEQ
0
.22
3
0
.17
1
0
.45
0
0
.56
6
0
.70
0
0
.83
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752
Mo
delli
ng
c
on
su
me
r’s
intenti
on to use
I
o
T
de
vi
ces: r
ole o
f
te
chnophili
a
(
Nusra
t
Ja
han)
617
4
.
2.
S
truc
tu
r
al m
od
el
A
f
t
e
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
V
E
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
l
e
g
i
t
i
m
a
c
y
o
f
d
a
t
a
,
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
u
s
e
d
b
y
u
t
i
l
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
o
f
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
a
t
h
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
.
H
e
r
e
,
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
d
e
c
i
d
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
.
P
-
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
dg
e
d
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
i
t
t
e
n
d
s
t
o
b
e
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
t
h
a
n
0
.
5
o
r
b
i
g
g
e
r
t
h
a
n
0
.
9
5
[
38
]
.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
p
e
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
d
i
c
t
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
a
t
h
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
.
T
h
i
s
i
m
pl
i
e
s
,
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
r
m
o
d
e
l
(
s
e
e
T
a
b
l
e
4
)
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
G
T
V
a
n
d
I
o
T
o
n
T
F
,
T
F
o
n
I
U
t
o
U
s
e
.
G
T
V
(
=
0
.
1
9
6
,
p
≤
0
.
0
1
)
a
n
d
I
o
T
(
=
0
.
2
2
6
,
p
≤
0
.
0
1
)
h
a
s
h
u
g
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
T
F
.
S
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
H
1
a
n
d
H
2
a
r
e
b
o
l
s
t
e
r
e
d
.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
h
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
i
s
i
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
a
t
h
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
a
n
s
,
a
s
t
o
o
u
r
m
o
d
e
l
,
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
T
F
o
n
I
U
i
s
T
F
(
=
0
.
4
6
2
,
p
≤
0
.
0
1
)
.
T
h
i
s
a
l
s
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
o
u
r
h
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
i
s
H
3
i
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
.
T
a
b
l
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
of
e
a
c
h
p
a
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
on
.
Table
5.
Res
ults o
f hyp
oth
esi
s
test
ing
Hy
p
o
th
esis
Relatio
n
sh
ip
s
Path
coef
f
icien
t
Res
u
lt
H1
GTV
-
>
TF
0
.19
6
Su
p
p
o
rted
H2
IOT
S
-
>
T
F
0
.22
6
Su
p
p
o
rted
H3
TF
-
> I
U
0
.46
2
Su
p
p
o
rted
5.
DISCU
SSI
ON
This
res
earc
h
c
on
t
rib
utes
to
th
e
struct
ur
e
of
work
co
ns
ec
rated
to
se
r
ving
re
searche
rs
bette
r
un
der
st
a
nd
Io
T
a
doptio
n.
It
e
xpres
sed
the
pr
im
aril
y
m
ic
ro
-
le
vel
i
nvest
igati
on
of
I
oT
ad
opti
on
thr
ough
the
le
ns
of
te
chnophili
a
by
bui
ldin
g
on
t
he
un
der
sta
nd
i
ng
of
t
he
phe
nom
eno
n
at
the
consum
er
le
vel.
In
ca
se
of
infl
uen
ce
of
GT
V
on
I
F,
the
hypothesis
is
sup
ported.
I
t
is
obvious
th
at
if
hi
gh
e
r
le
ve
l
of
ge
ner
ic
te
chnolo
gy
view
will
le
ad
hi
gh
e
r
le
ve
l
of
te
c
hnop
hili
a
.
People
co
nc
ern
e
d
with
te
c
hnology
will
be
excit
ed
t
o
us
e
m
or
e
internet
-
base
d
te
chnolo
gy.
F
r
om
the
second
hypothesis,
we
can
co
nclu
de
t
hat
I
oT
s
kill
s
con
t
rib
ute
to
the
us
e
of
the
IoT.
Io
T
sk
il
ls
co
ntri
bu
t
e
both
directl
y
and
in
directl
y,
ind
ic
at
in
g
t
hat
peop
le
’s
asse
ss
m
ents
of
t
heir
own
capa
bili
ti
es
in
us
in
g t
he
IoT
a
re im
po
rta
nt fo
r
act
ually
starti
ng to
us
e
the
IoT.
T
his
res
ult
is al
ign
e
d wit
h
the
researc
h o
f
[12].
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
ex
plorat
ion
st
ud
y
propose
d
a
c
oor
dina
te
d
m
od
el
th
at
unc
ov
e
rs
th
e
el
em
ents
of
receivin
g
or
disco
ver
i
ng
go
al
to
util
iz
e
IoT
inno
vation
i
n
Ba
ngla
des
h.
Most
of
the
hypo
t
hesis
ha
s
be
en
s
upported
by
th
e
data
t
hat
c
oncl
ud
e
s
t
hat
pe
op
l
e’s
I
oT
sk
il
ls
pl
ay
an
im
po
rtant
facto
r
f
or
te
chno
ph
il
ia
.
Te
chno
ph
il
ia
is
use
d
f
or
bette
r
un
der
sta
nd
i
ng
o
f
ne
w
t
echnolo
gy.
In
fu
t
ur
e
we
will
analy
ze
la
rg
e
a
m
ou
nt
of
dat
a
and
va
riable
s
li
ke
te
chnostress
,
pro
duct
inno
vation
a
nd
co
nsu
m
er
m
otives
on
I
oT
dev
ic
e
a
doptio
n
.
We
w
il
l
al
so
m
ake
a
m
od
el
includi
ng
va
ria
bles
li
ke:
tr
us
t,
risk,
a
war
e
nes
s.
T
his
resea
rc
h
will
help
with
m
anu
fact
ur
e
r
s
to
unde
rstan
d
their
view
of
I
oT
de
sign,
de
velo
p
c
om
pelli
ng
ad
ve
rtisem
ent
of
t
echno
ph
il
e
a
dopters
a
nd
im
pr
ov
e
cl
ie
nt
sect
ion.
I
oT
structu
re
s
houl
d
in
dicat
e
re
qu
i
rem
ents
of
te
chno
ph
il
e
us
ers
.
It
can
al
so
assist
the
IoT
m
anu
fac
turi
ng
orga
nizat
ion
s
to unde
rstan
d
c
on
s
um
ers’
respon
s
e to
n
e
w
te
chnolo
gies li
ke
IoT
dev
ic
es
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M
.
C
.
Tűrke
ș
,
S
.
Căpuș
nea
nu
,
D
.
I
.
Topor
,
A
.
I
.
S
ta
raș
,
M
.
Ș
.
Hint
,
and
L
.
F
.
Sto
en
ic
a
,
“
Motivation
s
for
the
Us
e
of
IoT
Solu
ti
ons
b
y
Com
pan
y
M
a
nage
rs
in
the
Di
git
al
Age
:
A
Ro
m
ani
an
C
ase
,
”
Appl
ie
d
S
cienc
e
s
,
vol
.
10,
no
.
1
9,
p
p.
6905
,
2020
,
doi:
10
.
3390/a
pp
10196905.
[2]
CISC
O,
“
Inte
rne
t
of Things:
At
-
a
-
Glanc
e
,
”
CISC
O:
San
Jos
e, CA,
US
A,
2016.
[3]
T.
Nam
and
T.
A.
Pardo
,
“
Con
ce
ptu
al
i
zi
ng
sm
art
cit
y
w
it
h
di
m
ensions
of
t
echnolog
y
,
people
,
and
insti
tu
ti
on
s,
”
Proce
ed
ings
of
t
he
12th
annual
i
nte
rnational
digital
go
ve
rnm
ent
r
ese
arch
con
fe
ren
ce
:
d
igi
ta
l
go
ve
r
nment
inno
vat
io
n
in
cha
ll
eng
ing ti
mes
,
2011,
pp.
2
82
-
291,
doi
:
10
.
1145/2037556.
2
037602.
[4]
F.
D.
Davis,
“
Perc
e
ive
d
usefuln
ess,
per
ceive
d
e
ase
of
use
,
and
user
a
ccept
an
ce
of
informat
ion
t
ec
hnolog
y
,
”
MI
S
quarterly
,
pp.
31
9
-
340,
1989
,
doi
:
10.
2307
/24900
8.
[5]
S.
Seeb
aue
r
,
S.
Reg
ina
and
,
an
d
B.
Mar
ti
n
,
“
T
ec
hnophi
li
a
as
a
dr
ive
r
for
usi
ng
adv
anced
travel
er
in
form
at
io
n
s
y
stems
,
”
Tr
anspor
tat
ion
R
ese
arch
Part
C
:
Eme
rging
Technol
og
ie
s
,
v
ol.
60,
pp.
498
-
510,
2015
,
doi:
10
.
1016/j.tr
c.
2015.
10
.
009.
[6]
H.
Farooq,
H.
U.
R.
Rehman,
A.
J
ave
d,
M
.
Shouka
t,
and
S.
Dud
ely
,
“
A
Revi
ew
on
Sm
art
IoT
Based
Farm
ing,
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n
et/ApurboD
at
ta
1
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nt
ern
e
tof
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thi
nngsbangl
ade
sh
?
qid
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dcd0
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97e4
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40bf
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S
.
Ahm
ed,
S
.
C
.
J
-
Ho
,
and
T
.
W
.
Anda
li
b
,
“
Fun
or
Frus
tra
ti
on:
Model
ling
Disconti
nu
an
ce
Inte
nti
on
of
Soc
i
al
Med
ia
Us
ers,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Jo
urnal
of
El
e
ct
ro
nic
Comm
erc
e
St
udie
s
,
vo
l.
11,
no
.
2,
pp.
107
-
118,
2020,
doi
:10.
790
3/i
jecs.1823
.
[38]
A.
K.
M.
Z
.
Sat
t
er,
A
.
Mahm
ud,
A
.
Rahman,
I
.
M
ahmud,
and
R
.
A
kte
r
,
“
Civi
c
engagem
ent
through
resta
ura
n
t
r
evie
w
page
in
Fa
ce
boo
k:
a
struc
tura
l
eq
uat
ion
m
odellin
g
appr
oac
h
,
”
In
t
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Et
h
ic
s
and
Syst
ems
,
vol
.
37,
no.
2
,
2021
,
doi
: 10.1108/
IJO
ES
-
06
-
2020
-
0078.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Nu
srat
Jahan
i
s
working
as
a
As
sistant
Profess
or
at
depa
r
tme
nt
of
Software
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
Daffodi
l
Int
ern
a
t
iona
l
Univ
ersity
in
Banglade
sh.
S
he
is
cur
ren
tly
p
ursuing
her
PhD
from
S
chool
of
Com
pute
r
&
Com
m
unic
at
io
n
Eng
ine
e
ring,
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Per
li
s
(Uni
MA
P).
She
complet
ed
h
er
M.S
c.
and
B.
Sc
.
in
IT
from
Institute
of
Inform
at
i
on
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
Jaha
ngirna
g
ar
Univer
sit
y
and
B.
Sc.
in
Softwar
e
E
ngineeri
ng
fr
om
Daffodi
l
Int
ern
ational
Unive
rsit
y
.
She
is
int
er
este
d
in
tec
hnolog
y
m
ana
g
ement,
compute
r
net
works
,
m
a
chi
ne
learni
ng
and
artifi
ci
a
l
int
ellige
n
ce.
Ab
u
Hossen
S
h
a
w
on
is
working
as
a
student
at
d
epa
rtment
of
Sof
twar
e
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
in
Daffod
il
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Un
ive
rsit
y
in
B
anglade
sh.
He
complet
ed
his
B
.
Sc.
in
Software
Engi
n
ee
ring
from
Daffodi
l
In
te
rn
ational Unive
rsit
y
.
He
is
intere
st
ed
in
t
ec
hnolog
y
m
ana
gement
.
Far
z
ana
Sad
ia
i
s
is
working
as
a
As
sistant
Profes
sor
at
d
epa
r
tment of
Softwar
e
En
gine
er
ing
in
Daffodi
l
Int
ern
a
t
iona
l
Univ
ersity
in
Banglade
sh.
S
he
is
cur
ren
tly
p
ursuing
her
PhD
from
S
chool
of
Com
pute
r
&
Com
m
unic
at
io
n
Eng
ine
e
ring,
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Per
li
s
(Uni
MA
P).
She
complet
ed
h
er
M.
Sc
in
Softwa
re
Engi
n
ee
ring
f
rom
Inde
pend
en
t
Univ
ersity
,
B
a
ngla
desh.
and
B.
Sc
in
Com
put
er
Sci
enc
e
and
E
ngine
er
ing,
Ahs
a
null
ah
Univ
ersity
of
Sci
enc
e
and
Te
chno
log
y
.
She
is
in
te
rest
ed
in
te
chno
l
og
y
m
ana
gement
,
com
pute
r
ne
tworks,
m
ac
hine
l
ea
rnin
g
and
artificia
l
int
ellige
n
ce.
Dilar
a
Khan
om
Nitu
is
working
as
a
stud
ent
a
t
de
par
tment
of
Soft
ware
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
in
Daffod
i
l
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Univer
sit
y
in
B
a
ngla
desh.
She
i
s
a
cur
ren
t
stu
dent
of
B.
Sc
.
i
n
Software
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fr
om
Daffodi
l
I
nte
rna
ti
ona
l
Un
ive
rsit
y
.
She
i
s
int
ere
st
ed
in
te
chno
lo
g
y
m
ana
gement.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci, Vo
l.
23, N
o.
1, Ju
ly
2021:
612
-
620
620
Md.
En
am
Ko
bir
Ribon
is
w
orking
as
a
stud
ent
at
d
epa
rtme
nt
of
Softwar
e
Engi
ne
eri
ng
i
n
Daffodi
l
Int
ern
a
t
iona
l
Univ
ersity
in
Bang
la
desh
.
He
is
a
cur
ren
t
student
of
B.
Sc
.
i
n
Software
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Daffodi
l
Inte
r
nat
ion
al
Univer
s
ity
.
He
is
intere
st
ed
in
t
ec
hno
log
y
m
ana
gement
.
Dr.
Imran
Mah
mud
is
an
associ
at
e
profe
ss
or
and
hea
d
at
D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Softwar
e
Engi
ne
eri
ng
at
Daffodi
l
Inte
r
nat
ion
al
Univer
s
ity
.
He
is
a
lso
a
n
associ
ate
d
irecto
r
of
rese
arc
h
.
Dr.
Im
ran
complet
ed
his
PhD
in
technolog
y
m
an
age
m
e
nt
f
rom
Univer
siti
Sains
Malay
si
a.
His
rese
ar
ch
int
er
ests
ar
e
hum
an
computer
in
te
r
ac
t
ion,
usabilit
y
te
st
ing,
softwar
e
engi
n
ee
rin
g
m
ea
surem
ent
/models
and
m
anagem
ent
informat
ion
s
y
st
ems
.
Dr.
Im
ran
has
seve
ral
r
ese
arch
pape
rs on
Enterp
rise
Resourc
e
Pl
anni
ng
a
nd
infor
m
at
ion
s
y
s
te
m
p
ubli
shed
in
Sage
and
I
EEE.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.