Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal
Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
,
pp.
2
5
8
~
264
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
2
5
8
-
264
258
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Vehicle t
racker
s
ystem de
sign based on
GS
M and
GPS inte
rface
usin
g ardu
ino as platform
Na
rci
s
a
T.
Mo
rallo
Coll
ege of
Enginee
ring
and
Arc
hit
e
ct
ure
,
Negro
s Orie
ntal
St
at
e
Univer
sit
y
,
Dum
ague
t
e
,
Phili
pp
in
es
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n 1
4
, 2
021
Re
vised
A
p
r
23
, 2
021
Accepte
d
Ma
y
1,
2021
Global
posit
ioning
s
y
stem
(GP
S)
tracke
r
is
an
i
nnovat
iv
e
t
ec
hn
olog
y
th
at
is
abl
e
to
track
th
e
posit
ion
of
ve
hic
l
e
using
g
lob
al
sa
te
l
li
t
e
s
y
ste
m
.
In
th
is
pape
r,
vehicle
tr
ac
ker
s
y
stem
de
sign
tha
t
is
der
i
ved
from
globa
l
positi
onin
g
s
y
stem
and
glob
al
s
y
stem
for
m
obil
e
comm
unicati
on
(
GSM
)
int
erf
ace
with
the
use
of
Ard
uino
Uno
boar
d
as
pla
tform
i
s
proposed
and
pre
sente
d
.
Te
chno
log
y
in
Arduino,
GS
M,
and
GP
S
is
studie
d.
GP
S
m
odule
recei
ves
t
h
e
coor
dinates
fro
m
the
sat
el
l
it
e
.
The
GP
S
coor
di
nat
es
are
sen
t
t
o
users
in
th
e
form
of
SMS
through
SIM
900A
GS
M
m
odule
.
B
y
using
Googl
e
Maps,
the
exa
c
t
locati
on
o
f
the
vehi
c
le
c
a
n
be
loc
ated.
Ar
duino
m
ic
roc
ont
roll
er
is
the
gat
ewa
y
to
all
GP
S
and
GS
M
har
dware
and
so
ftwa
re
comm
unic
ation
in
th
e
s
y
stem.
Th
e
des
ign
rep
rese
n
ts
th
at
GS
M
and
GP
S
int
erf
a
ce
wi
th
t
he
use
of
Arduino
Uno
b
oar
d
as
pla
tfor
m
ca
n
rea
lly
m
ake
vehi
cle
tr
ac
king
m
ore
eff
icient
and
co
nveni
en
t
sinc
e
i
t
c
an
work
in
a
n
y
wea
th
er
con
dit
ions
and
provide
re
al
-
t
ime
locati
on
of
ob
je
c
ts.
Autom
at
ic
display
of
the
c
oordina
t
e’s
geogr
aphica
l
lo
c
at
ion
in a
m
ap
should
be
integra
t
ed
in
futur
e
d
esi
gn.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ardu
i
no
uno
En
gin
eeri
ng
processes
and
syst
e
m
s
Ex
per
im
ental
m
et
ho
d
Global
posit
io
ning syst
em
Global
syst
em
for
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nar
ci
sa
T. M
oral
lo
Coll
ege
of
En
gi
neer
in
g
a
nd
A
rch
it
ect
ure
Negr
os
Or
ie
ntal St
at
e U
ni
ver
s
it
y
Ba
j
um
pandan,
Du
m
agu
et
e Ci
ty
, P
hili
ppines
Em
a
il
:
nar
ci
sam
or
al
lo@g
m
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Global
ly
,
veh
i
cl
es
on
t
he
r
oa
d
are
i
ncr
eas
ing
.
Kee
ping
t
rack
of
ve
hicle
s
ens
ur
es
sec
ur
it
y,
r
ou
te
m
anag
em
ent
a
nd
sig
nifica
nt
cost
-
sa
vings.
T
echnolo
gy
in
gl
ob
al
posit
ion
i
ng
syst
em
(G
PS)
tracke
r
syst
e
m
is
util
iz
ed
in
ve
hicle
m
anag
e
m
ent.
In
this
pap
e
r,
a
ve
hi
cl
e
tracker
ba
sed
on
globa
l
syst
e
m
fo
r
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
(GSM)
a
nd
GP
S
I
nter
face
us
i
ng
A
rduin
o
as
platf
or
m
desig
ne
d
to
tr
ack
veh
ic
le
s
r
e
m
otely
us
in
g
GS
M
ne
twork
.
Wh
il
e
pr
e
vious
wor
k
s
us
es
i
nternet
to
track
ve
hic
le
s.
This
is
a
l
ow
-
c
os
t
desi
gn
with
m
at
erial
s r
eadil
y avail
able. T
he
im
po
rtance
of this
pro
j
ect
is for c
os
t
-
savi
ngs a
nd sec
ur
it
y.
Accor
ding
to
Gr
a
nd
Vie
w
Re
search
,
I
nc.,
the
GP
S
m
ar
ket
siz
e
is
e
xpect
ed
to
reac
h
USD
146.4
bill
i
on
by
20
25
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
1.
A
c
om
po
und
a
nnua
l
gr
owth
rate
of
18.4
%
is
a
nt
ic
ipate
d
durin
g
the
forecast
pe
rio
d.
Gro
wing
em
br
acem
ent
of
lo
cat
ion
-
base
d
s
erv
ic
es
s
uc
h
as
e
-
haili
ng
an
d
foo
d
delive
ry
arou
nd
the wo
rld pro
pe
ls t
he dem
and
for
GPS.
GP
S
al
so
f
unct
ion
s
as
a
sat
el
l
it
e
-
based
nav
i
ga
ti
on
syst
e
m
t
hat
works
in
any
weather
c
onditi
ons
an
d
pro
vid
es
real
-
tim
e
locat
ion
of
obj
ect
s
.
GPS
sensors
ca
n
be
us
ed
i
n
loca
ti
on
-
base
d
ser
vices,
fleet
ve
hicle
m
anag
em
ent,
sci
entifi
c
exp
l
orat
ion
,
horse
ra
ci
ng
,
g
ov
e
r
nme
nt
us
a
ge,
a
nd
m
any
oth
ers
a
s
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gure
2.
Re
al
-
tim
e d
at
a can hel
p
i
n
m
on
it
or
i
ng and
pl
ann
i
ng pr
op
e
r m
eans for sit
ua
ti
on
reso
l
utio
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Vehicl
e tracker
system
desi
gn
ba
s
ed
on G
SM
and GP
S
i
nterface
us
in
g ar
duino
… (
Narcis
a T. M
orall
o
)
259
Figure
1
.
Gl
obal
G
PS
m
ark
et
size
Figure
2
.
Gl
obal
G
PS
m
ark
et
sh
are
GP
S
s
of
t
war
e
al
lows
ge
otag
gi
ng
a
nd
loc
at
io
n
posit
ion
i
ng
f
or
s
ocial
m
edia
platfo
rm
s
div
ul
gin
g
us
e
rs
to
di
ver
se
ness
of
l
ocati
on
-
s
pe
ci
fic
inf
or
m
at
i
on.
GP
S
syst
em
integrated
w
it
h
GS
M
give
s
the
use
r
t
he
pr
i
vilege
to
quic
kly
trac
k
veh
ic
le
s
a
nd
oth
e
r
ty
pes
of
m
ov
able
asset
s
.
Alli
et
al
.,
D
ut
ta
et
al
.,
a
nd
Kad
i
ri
et
al
.
,
de
velo
p
veh
ic
le
a
nti
-
th
eft
syst
e
m
us
ing
GS
M/
GP
R
S
[1
]
-
[
3]
.
F
rom
a
m
ob
il
e
ph
on
e
,
veh
ic
le
st
at
us
is
m
on
it
or
ed
a
nd
can
exec
ute
com
m
and
co
ntr
ols
li
ke
rem
ot
el
y
of
f
gas
oline
supp
ly
.
F
or
add
e
d
secu
ri
ty
,
Gan
apat
hy
et
al.
,
include
a
fi
nge
r
ve
rificat
io
n
f
eat
ur
e
[4]
. GT
06N, is a
GP
S
dev
ic
e
us
e i
n
tr
ackin
g
r
eal
tim
e locat
ion o
f v
ehicl
es
us
in
g
SM
S
or
t
he
inte
rn
et
[
5].
Ma
ny
researc
hes
desi
gn
e
d
a
syst
e
m
that
pr
ovide
s
la
titud
e
an
d
lo
ngit
ud
e
co
ordina
te
s
in
real
tim
e
[6
]
-
[
13]
.
This
s
hort
m
e
ssage
se
r
vice
(
SMS
)
bas
ed
t
rack
i
ng
syst
em
uti
li
zes
GP
S
an
d
GS
M
m
od
ules.
Wh
il
e
Oh
e
ka
a
nd
Tu
C
desig
n
ed
a
tracke
r
t
hat
detect
s
a ve
hicle
that
ta
il
ed
the host
ve
hi
cl
e
[14]
.
Ve
rm
a
et
al
.,
Hidayat
,
a
nd
Mi
sh
ra
et
al
.
,
dev
el
op
e
d
a
tr
acker
syst
em
us
e
to
dis
play
the
inf
orm
ation
locat
io
n
of
a
public
util
it
y
veh
ic
le
us
in
g
ge
ogra
ph
ic
i
nfor
m
at
i
on
syst
em
(G
IS
)
,
ra
dio
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ide
ntif
ic
at
ion
(RF
I
D
)
an
d
GS
M
[7
]
-
[
9]
.
W
it
h
a
rr
iv
al
in
form
ation
at
predefi
ned sto
ps
,
p
asse
nger
’s oc
cup
a
ncy im
pr
oved
.
Track
i
ng
ro
a
d
acci
de
nt
can
s
ave
li
fe,
Rou
t
h
et
al
.
,
and
L
onka
r
et
al
.
,
de
sign
e
d
a
syst
e
m
that
wil
l
locat
e
wh
e
re
the
acci
de
nt
oc
cur
e
d
an
d
se
nd
SMS
to
am
bu
la
nce
[
15
]
-
[
16]
.
Re
al
tim
e
trac
king
can
a
void
delay
to
m
edicat
ion
.
Pr
iy
adarsh
ni
et
al.
,
us
e
s
m
ic
r
o
el
ect
r
o
m
echan
ic
al
syst
e
m
(MEM
S)
se
nsor
to
detect
w
he
nev
e
r
an
acci
den
t
oc
cur
s
[
17]
.
Ve
hi
cl
es
are
c
on
tri
bu
t
or
to
ai
r
poll
ution
.
Mo
nito
rin
g
veh
ic
le
e
m
issi
on
usi
ng
MQ
-
7
gas
se
nsor
and
GP
S
m
od
ule c
an
c
reate awa
r
eness
i
n
the
com
m
un
it
y [
18]
-
[
19]
.
Yang
et
a
l
.,
de
velo
ped
ve
hi
cl
e
trackin
g
f
or
i
ntell
igent
trans
portat
ion
base
d
on
dete
ct
ion
-
base
d
trackin
g
(
DBT
)
fr
am
ewo
r
k
[
20
]
.
T
he
yo
u
on
ly
look
on
c
e
(YOLO)
m
od
el
us
e
d
i
m
prov
e
s
ve
hicle
detect
ion
pr
eci
sio
n.
F
or
dense
r
oa
d
sce
ne
inte
rpretat
ion
in
i
ntell
igent
dri
vi
ng,
ve
hi
cl
e
and
la
ne
t
rack
i
ng,
I
T
operati
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
2
5
8
-
2
6
4
260
m
anag
em
ent
(I
TOM
)
is
util
i
zed
[
21
]
.
Othe
r
rser
ac
hes
de
sign
ed
a
path
tracker
for
sel
f‐dr
i
ving
cars
(S
DC
)
us
in
g
a
no
nline
ar m
od
el
‐pre
dicti
ve‐
co
ntr
ol (NMPC
)
a
ppr
oa
ch
[21
]
-
[
24]
.
Ramli
et
al
.
,
design
e
d
an
ope
n
source
L
oRA
b
ase
d
ve
hicle
tracker
us
i
ng
GI
S,
A
r
du
i
no
and
GPS
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
spe
ed
an
d
locat
io
n
of
boat
s
in
w
at
ers
[25]
.
Hi
gh
sp
ee
d
boat
s
c
an
ha
ve
an
im
pact
to
the
ecolo
gical
syst
e
m
. Th
e sy
stem
insp
ire
d
t
o
protect
UNE
SCO
Kilim
K
arst G
e
ofo
rest P
ark in Mal
ay
sia
.
2.
RESEA
R
C
H
METHO
D
Veh
ic
le
trac
ke
r
syst
em
is
equ
ip
ped
wit
h
G
PS
m
od
ule
Bo
ard
NE
O
-
6
m
,
wh
ic
h
pro
vid
e
s
the
GPS
coor
din
at
es
of
veh
ic
le
locat
io
n.
T
he
GP
S
c
oor
din
at
es
a
re
s
ent
to
use
rs
i
n
the
f
or
m
of
S
MS
thr
ough
S
I
M900A
GS
M m
od
ule
. B
y usin
g Goo
gl
e Ma
ps
, t
he
e
xa
ct
locati
on
of
the v
e
hicle
ca
n be l
ocated
.
In
t
his
stu
dy,
desig
ning
of
ve
hicle
tracke
r
syst
e
m
based
on
GPS
an
d
G
SM
interface
usi
ng
Ard
uino
Uno
boa
rd
as
platfo
rm
is
pr
esented
.
A
rduin
o
m
ic
ro
con
tr
ol
le
r
is
the
gateway
to
al
l
GPS
an
d
GS
M
ha
rdwar
e
and
s
of
t
war
e
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
in
the
syst
e
m
.
The
re
qu
i
red
ha
rdwar
e
m
at
eri
al
s
in
this
design
ar
e
Ard
uino
Uno,
GP
S
m
od
ule
B
oard
NE
O
-
6m
,
an
d
GS
M
m
od
ule
SI
M
900A
.
A
rdui
no
is
an
open
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
de
velo
pm
ent
boar
d
that
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
de
sig
ning
an
d
co
ns
tr
ucti
ng
de
vices.
J
ust
as
seen
i
n
Fi
gure
3,
the
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
c
onsist
s
of 6 anal
og in
puts, a
16
-
M
HZ
ceram
ic
r
esonat
or
a
nd
14 d
i
gi
ta
l i
np
ut
-
outp
ut p
i
ns
.
GP
S
is
us
e
d
t
o
def
i
ne
the
co
ordi
nates,
lo
ngit
ud
e
s,
a
nd
la
ti
t
ud
e
s
of
the
Ea
rth
posit
ion
wi
th
the
rig
ht
synch
ronized
un
i
ver
sal
ti
m
e
(UTC
).
The
GP
S
m
odule
r
ecei
ves
the
c
oor
din
at
es
of
th
e
sat
el
li
te
.
The
GPS
m
od
ule
transm
it
s
data
for
m
on
it
ori
ng
the
e
xact
locat
io
n
i
n
real
ti
m
e
and
in
NME
A
f
or
m
at
.
It
beg
i
ns
with
$GPGG
A
a
nd
include
s
ti
m
e,
coor
din
at
es,
an
d
oth
e
r
key
in
f
or
m
at
ion
.
GPGG
A
sta
nds
f
or
Gl
obal
P
o
sit
ion
i
ng
Syst
e
m
Fixed
Data.
The
GP
S
sat
el
li
te
nav
igati
on
syst
e
m
pr
ovides
the
us
e
r
with
locat
io
n
and
ti
m
e
info
r
m
at
ion
in
al
l
weathe
r
co
nd
it
ion
s
.
As
see
n
in
the
Fig
ur
e
4,
the
th
ree
co
m
po
nen
ts
of
the
GPS
are
s
pa
ce,
powe
r,
an
d
us
e
r
sect
ion
.
Th
e
s
pa
ce sect
io
n i
s
m
ade up of
GPS sat
el
li
te
s.
GPS sat
el
li
te
s ar
e
dep
l
oyed o
n orbit
s aroun
d
the
earth
at
an
al
ti
tud
e
of
m
or
e
or
le
s
s
20,
000
km
a
nd
travel
a
r
ound
the
ea
rth
i
n
12
-
hour
inter
vals.
Gro
und
c
on
t
rol
sta
ti
on
s
are
the
con
tr
ol,
tracki
ng,
co
ntro
l
an
d
m
ai
ntenan
ce
of
sat
el
li
te
or
bit
at
tolerance
lev
el
.
As
a
co
nsum
er
segm
ent, G
P
S
receiver
s are
va
rio
us
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
de
vice
s u
si
ng GPS te
chnolo
gy.
Figure
3
.
A
rdu
ino
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
Figure
4
.
The
thr
ee
seg
m
ents
of G
P
S
GP
S
recei
ver
,
NEO
-
6m
GP
S
m
od
ule,
pro
vid
es
a
str
ong
sa
te
ll
it
e
search
c
apab
il
it
y
ha
ving
a
buil
t
-
in
ceram
ic
an
te
nn
a w
it
h
a m
easur
em
ent o
f
25x2
5x4
m
m
. Mo
du
le
stat
us
can be m
on
it
or
e
d wit
h
po
wer
a
nd sig
nal
ind
ic
at
ors.
T
hro
ugh
data
ba
ckup
batte
ry,
m
od
ule
ca
n
stor
e
data
if
the
powe
r
i
s
ou
t.
As
s
how
n
in
Figure
5,
NE
O
-
6M
G
PS
m
od
ule
consi
stsof
four
pin
s,
nam
el
y,
VCC,
TX,
RX,
and
GND.
The
GP
S
m
od
ule
i
m
par
ts wit
h A
rduin
o
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller th
rou
gh se
rial
co
m
m
un
ic
at
io
n wit
h t
he
use
of
TX
and RX
p
i
ns
.
Dev
el
op
e
d
with
a
powe
rful
sing
le
-
chi
p
pr
oc
essor
that
inte
grat
es
the
AMR926EJ
-
S
c
ore,
the
SI
M
90
0
GS
M
m
od
ule,
as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
6,
is
a
fu
ll
GS
M/
G
PRS
quad
-
band
s
olu
t
ion
.
SI
M
900
pro
vid
es
GS
M/
GP
RS
850/90
0/1800/
1900MHz
ca
pa
ci
ty
fo
r
voic
e,
SMS,
data
a
nd
fa
x
with
lo
w
powe
r
co
nsu
m
pt
i
on
.
T
his
m
od
ule
is
desig
ne
d
f
or sl
i
m
an
d
c
om
pact d
esi
gns m
easur
i
ng 24
x24x3
m
m
.
The
GS
M
-
GPR
S
m
od
ule
is
u
se
d
to
li
nk
a
dev
ic
e
t
o
the
GS
M
-
GP
RS
s
yst
e
m
.
The
gl
obal
syst
em
fo
r
m
ob
il
e
co
m
m
u
nicat
ion
syst
e
m
(G
SM)
is
an
arch
it
ect
ur
e u
s
ed
f
or
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
Global
pack
et
r
adi
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Vehicl
e tracker
system
desi
gn
ba
s
ed
on G
SM
and GP
S
i
nterface
us
in
g ar
duino
… (
Narcis
a T. M
orall
o
)
261
serv
ic
e
(GPRS
)
is
an
e
xten
sion
of
G
SM
th
at
al
lows
hi
gh
er
data
tra
ns
m
i
ssion
sp
ee
ds
.
GS
M
-
GP
RS
MODEM
is
a
wireless
to
ol
desi
gn
e
d
to
li
nk
yo
ur
de
vice
to
the
G
SM
an
d
GP
RS
net
works.
T
he
to
ol
nee
ds
to
ha
ve
the
sam
e
SI
M
card
as
th
e
ph
ones
to
sta
rt
a
ne
twork
li
nk.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
the
y
con
sist
of
a
n
inter
natio
nal
m
ob
il
e
equ
i
pm
ent iden
ti
ty
(
IMEI
) n
um
ber
ide
ntica
l t
o
m
ob
il
e phones
for
i
den
ti
fi
cat
ion
.
Figure
5
.
G
PS m
od
ule (NEO
-
6m
)
Figure
6
.
SI
M
900 G
SM m
od
ul
e
Figure
7
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
d
ia
gr
am
of v
e
hicle
trac
ker
The
sc
hem
at
ic
diag
ram
of
th
e
de
vice
sho
wing
the
pin
c
on
necti
ons
be
twe
en
the
A
rduin
o,
G
SM
an
d
GP
S
m
od
ules
i
s
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ur
e
7.
I
n
the
G
PS
m
od
ule,
th
e
Tx
pin
is
im
m
ediat
el
y
con
nected
to
the
Ardu
i
no
dig
it
al
pin
10
wh
il
e
the
RX
pin
of
the
GPS
m
od
ule
is
l
eft
open
.
Using
the
softwa
re
serial
li
br
a
ry
,
serial
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
on
Pin
10
an
d
11
is
al
lo
we
d
an
d
us
e
d
as
Rx
an
d
T
x,
res
pecti
vely
.
A
rduin
o
Pi
ns
0
an
d
1
ar
e
us
e
d
for
serial
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
by
de
fau
lt
.
Howe
ver,
seria
l
co
m
m
un
ic
at
i
on
on
ot
he
r
Ardu
i
no
dig
it
al
pi
ns
can
be
per
m
it
te
d
t
hro
ugh
the
us
e
of
the
so
ft
ware
serial
li
br
ary
.
The
GPS
an
d
GS
M
m
od
ul
es
are
op
e
rated
by
a
12
-
V
s
upply, a
nd the R
x
a
nd
Tx pins
of t
he GSM m
od
ule
a
re c
onnected
to
the T
x
a
nd Rx
of Ar
du
i
no.
In
this
desig
n,
Ard
uino
c
on
trols
the
e
ntire
process
with
a
GS
M
m
od
ule
a
nd
a
G
PS
receiv
er
.
Id
e
ntifyi
ng
t
he
veh
ic
le
co
ord
inate
s,
us
in
g
t
he
GPS
receiv
er,
w
hile
sen
din
g
the
c
oor
dina
te
s
to
the
us
e
r
via
SMS,
us
in
g
t
he
GS
M
m
odul
e.
A
fter
t
he
program
is
up
loa
ded
to
t
he
Ard
uino,
t
he
c
oor
din
at
es
of
the
veh
ic
le
can
be
dete
rm
i
ned.
A
r
du
i
no
i
nteg
rated
deve
lop
m
ent
env
ir
onm
ent
can
be
dow
nlo
a
de
d
f
r
om
Ar
duin
o.
A
r
du
i
no
so
ft
war
e
(
IDE)
is
an
op
en
-
s
ource
,
us
e
d
in
wr
it
in
g
codes
and
c
om
pili
ng
to
the
bo
ar
d.
This
software
can
be
us
e
d
in
an
y
Ardu
i
no boa
rd.
SMS
is
a
tex
t
m
essaging
serv
ic
e
com
pone
nt
of
m
ob
il
e
de
vice
syst
e
m
s.
Usin
g
sta
nd
a
r
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
prot
oco
ls,
m
ob
il
e
de
vices
exch
a
nge
short
te
xt
m
essages.
SMS
is
a
bu
il
t
-
in
app
li
cat
io
n
of
a
ny
m
ob
il
e
ph
one.
An
SMS
“T
rac
k
Ve
hicle
”
will
be
sent
to
the syst
e
m
to
deter
m
ine
the
coo
r
di
nate
of
the
s
ubj
ect
.
Figure
8
s
hows
the
sn
a
psh
ot
of
the
SM
S
and
the
geogr
a
phic
al
locat
ion
can
be
tra
ced
by
google
m
aps
(F
ig
ur
e
9)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
2
5
8
-
2
6
4
262
Figure
8
.
G
raphical
u
se
r
inte
r
face
Figure
9
.
Ge
og
raphical
locati
on
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
In
this
pap
e
r,
a
desig
n
of
ve
hi
cl
e
tracker
us
ing
GS
M
an
d
GP
S
as
inte
rf
a
ce
with
A
rduin
o
as
platf
or
m
is
bu
il
t.
The
w
orkin
g
unit
of
the
pro
po
se
d
s
yst
e
m
has
been
su
cces
sf
ully
dev
el
op
e
d
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
10.
GP
S
is
a
too
l
that
can
colle
ct
inform
ation
from
GP
S
sat
el
l
it
es
and
m
easur
e
the
geog
raphical
locat
ion
of
th
e
un
it
.
Using
the
necessary
s
of
t
war
e
,
the
com
pu
te
r
will
sh
ow
the
locat
io
n
on
t
he
m
ap
and
pro
vid
e
dire
ct
ion
s.
The
GPS
is
a
Global
Na
viga
ti
on
Sate
ll
it
e
syst
em
that
i
s
com
po
se
d
of
a
m
ini
m
u
m
of
24
netw
ork
s,
but
recently
, a n
um
ber
o
f 3
0
sat
el
li
te
s ar
e sent
into
orbit by t
he
U
S
D
e
pa
rtm
ent of
Def
e
ns
e
.
An
SMS
will
be
for
warded
to
the
syst
e
m
to
locat
e
the
coor
din
at
e
of
t
he
ve
hicle
.
G
SM
m
od
ule
receives
t
he
m
essage
se
nt
a
nd
c
omm
un
i
cates
to
Ardu
i
no.
Ardu
i
no
rea
ds
the
co
ordi
nates
an
d
se
nd
s
it
to
us
e
r’s
phone
thr
ough
GS
M
m
od
ule.
The
m
essage
carries
the
real
-
t
i
m
e
coo
rd
i
nates
of
the
ve
hicle
locat
ion
.
By
us
i
ng
Goo
gle
Ma
ps
,
the
veh
ic
le
’s
geog
raphical
locat
ion
will
be
determ
ined
thr
ough
it
s
po
s
it
ion
on
a
m
a
p.
Re
al
exp
e
rim
ent
data
of
ve
hicle
s’
i
nfor
m
at
ion
loc
at
ion
is
s
how
n
in
Ta
ble
1.
L
oc
at
ion
trac
king
thr
oughout
th
e
te
st
wer
e
accu
rate
.
Figure
10
.
Ve
hi
cl
e tracker
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Vehicl
e tracker
system
desi
gn
ba
s
ed
on G
SM
and GP
S
i
nterface
us
in
g ar
duino
… (
Narcis
a T. M
orall
o
)
263
Ti
m
e
delay
fo
r
the
ve
hicle
tra
cker
t
o
res
pond
to
t
he
en
d
use
r
we
re
ob
se
r
ve
d
du
rin
g
te
sti
ng.
A
delay
of
an
a
ver
a
ge
of
52.
5
sec
onds
was
record
ed
as
sh
own
in
T
able
2
us
in
g
P
hili
pp
ine
’s
tw
o
network
pro
vid
ers
,
nam
ely
Glob
e
and
Sm
art.
Delay
is
a
resu
lt
of
l
ocali
zed
poor
netw
ork
c
overa
ge
du
e
t
o
interfe
ren
ce
i
n
so
m
e
areas the
v
e
hic
le
is travell
in
g.
The
desig
n
re
presen
ts
t
hat
G
SM
an
d
GP
S
m
od
ule
interf
a
ce
with
t
he
use
of
A
r
du
i
no
Uno
boar
d
a
s
platfo
rm
can
reall
y
m
ake
ve
hicle
trackin
g
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt.
Veh
ic
le
trac
kin
g
ca
n
f
aci
li
tate
fu
el
m
anag
em
ent,
pr
e
ve
nt
the
fts,
an
d
pro
vid
e
dr
i
ver’s
perf
orm
ance.
W
it
h
knowle
dge
of
veh
ic
le
’s
locat
ion
,
use
r
can
us
e
it
s
netw
ork
at
tri
bute
s to op
ti
m
iz
e
opport
un
it
ie
s for p
rod
uctivit
y.
Table
1
.
Ve
hicle
s’
locat
io
n
i
nfo
rm
ation
Veh
icle L
o
catio
n
Ti
m
e
(
A
M)
Latitud
e
Lon
g
itu
d
e
A
8
:0
0
9
.26
8
7
6
9
1
2
3
.2926
5
3
B
8
:0
7
9
.22
5
8
0
4
1
2
3
.2857
5
8
C
8
:1
5
9
.18
1
9
6
9
1
2
3
.2564
4
8
D
8
:3
1
9
.10
1
6
2
4
1
2
3
.1980
3
6
E
8
:5
4
9
.06
3
0
5
0
1
2
3
.0339
5
7
F
9
:1
2
9
.33
5
7
5
6
1
2
2
.8612
2
2
G
1
0
:0
3
9
.45
8
6
5
1
1
2
2
.5700
1
6
Table
2
.
Tim
e d
el
ay
an
al
ysi
s
SIM
in
GSM
Mod
u
le
SIM
in
End
User
Ti
m
e
Dela
y
in
seco
n
d
s
Glo
b
e
Glo
b
e
50
Glo
b
e
S
m
art
60
S
m
art
S
m
art
50
S
m
art
Glo
b
e
50
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
desi
gn
of
ve
hicle
tracker
syst
e
m
us
ing
GS
M,
G
PS,
a
nd
Ard
uino
is
su
ccessf
ully
dev
el
op
e
d.
A
work
i
ng
desi
gn
f
or
the
syst
e
m
pr
ovide
s
an
accurate
a
nd
tim
ely
data.
Th
rou
ghout
the
t
est
,
locat
ion
tr
ackin
g
was
acc
ur
at
e
.
A
tole
rab
le
a
ve
rag
e
tim
e
delay
of
le
ss
tha
n
a
m
inu
te
was
com
pu
te
d
duri
ng
the
te
st.
G
P
S
an
d
GS
M
m
od
ules
are
pro
ved
t
o
be
ver
y
ef
fici
ent
in
desig
ning
a
ve
hicle
tracker
with
this
platfo
rm
.
It
is
con
cl
ud
e
d
t
hat
the
desig
n
of
veh
ic
le
trac
ke
r
syst
e
m
us
in
g
GS
M
m
od
u
le
,
GP
S
m
od
ule
a
nd
A
rdui
no
ca
n
sa
ve
m
on
ey
and
ti
m
e
and
ca
n
f
aci
li
ta
te
fu
el
m
anag
em
ent,
pr
e
ve
nt
thefts
,
an
d
prov
i
de
dr
i
ver’s
perfor
m
ance.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
t
his
is
a
low
-
co
st
desig
n
with
read
il
y
avail
ab
le
m
at
erial
s.
L
ocati
on
a
nim
ated
in
browser
m
ay
be
include
d
i
n
fu
t
ur
e
d
esi
gns.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
K.
S.
Alli,
C
.
I
je
h
-
Ogboi
and
S.L
.
Gbad
amos
i
,
“
Design
and
Construct
ion
of
a
Remote
l
y
C
ontrol
le
d
Vehi
cle
Anti
-
The
f
t
S
y
st
em
via
GS
M
n
et
work
,
”
in
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journa
l
of
Educ
a
ti
on
and
Re
search
,
vol.
3
,
no
.
5
,
pp.
405
-
418
,
20
15
.
[2]
S.
Dutta
,
M.
Ab
rol,
A.
Kapoor
,
K.
Singh
and
R.
Kum
ar
,
“
Anti
-
The
ft
Vehi
cl
e
De
vic
e
,
”
in
In
te
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Tr
end
in
Sci
e
nti
fic
R
ese
arch
and
Dev
el
op
ment
(
IJTSRD)
,
vol
.
2
,
no.
4
,
pp.
1460
-
1
464,
June
201
8,
doi:
10
.
31142/ijt
srd11276
.
[3]
K.
O.
Kadir
i
an
d
O.
Adeko
y
a
,
“
Design
of
a
GP
S/GS
M
Based
A
nti
-
theft
Car
Tracke
r
S
y
s
te
m
,”
C
urr
ent
Journal
o
f
Appl
ie
d
Sc
ie
n
ce
and
Technol
og
y
,
vol. 34, no. 3, p
p.
1
-
8
,
2019
,
doi
:
10.
9734
/c
j
ast/
2
019/v34i
330132.
[4]
B.
S.
Gana
pat
h
y,
S.
Akash,
A.
P
rab
hu,
T
.
Kiruba
kar
an,
an
d
S.
Kum
ar
,
“
Anti
-
Theft
Protec
t
ion
of
Vehic
l
e
b
y
GS
M
&
GP
S
with
Fingerpri
nt
Ver
ifica
ti
on
,
”
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Journal
of
A
dvanc
ed
Engi
n
e
ering,
Manage
m
ent
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
(
IJA
EMS)
,
vol
.
4
,
no
.
4
,
2018
,
doi
:
10.
22161
/i
j
ae
m
s.4.
4.
7
.
[5]
A.P.U.
Siaha
an
,
“
A
Revi
ew
of
the
GPS
Tra
cke
r
GT0
6N
as
the
V
ehi
c
le
Tracki
ng
Devic
e
,
”
2018
,
doi
10.
31227
/osf.
io/
r
c8ma.
[6]
K.
Pacha
l
a,
K.
Bhava
ni
,
P.
Pri
y
a,
R.
Na
y
a
k,
an
d
Y.
Yesw
ant
h
,
“
GPS
Based
Ve
hic
l
e
Tracki
ng
Sy
stem
,
”
Nati
on
a
l
Confe
renc
e
on
S
ignal
Proce
ss
ing
&
Comm
unic
ati
on
Syste
ms
,
NCS
PCS
,
2010
.
[7]
S.
Ve
rm
a
,
A.
Ja
m
wal
,
S.
Chauh
an
and
S.
Moha
nt
y
,
“
Vehic
l
e
Tr
ac
king
S
y
s
te
m
Us
ing
GPS
and
GS
M
,
”
in
Hura
G.,
Singh
A.,
Siong
Hoe
L.
(ed
s)
,
Adv
anc
es
in
Comm
unic
ati
on
an
d
Computati
ona
l
Technol
ogy
,
L
e
c
t
u
r
e
N
o
t
e
s
i
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
v
o
l
.
6
68
,
Springer,
Sing
ap
ore
,
2021
,
d
oi:
1
0.
1007/978
-
981
-
15
-
5341
-
7_59
.
[8]
S.
S.
Hida
y
a
t,
K.
L.
Novita
sar
i,
A.
Sy
ari
fudd
in,
W
.
P.
Prati
wi,
S.
Hardi
ningsih
HS
and
R.
A.
Pratomo
,
“
Anti
-
The
ft
Protec
ti
on
of
V
ehi
c
le
Us
ing
GP
S
Tra
cke
r
&
Android
Apps
,”
in
Logic
:
Jurn
al
Ranc
ang
Ban
gun
danTeknol
o
gi
,
vol.
19
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
78
-
83
,
2019
,
d
oi:
10
.
31940/l
og
ic
.
v19
i2.
1418
,
2
019.
[9]
D.
Mishra,
A.
V
asa
l,
and
P.
T
an
don
,
“
A
Novel
and
Cost
-
Eff
ectiv
e
Approac
h
to
P
ubli
c
Veh
ic
l
e
Tr
ac
king
S
y
s
te
m
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
UbiCo
mp (
IJU
)
,
vol
.
3
,
no
.1
,
pp.
33
-
44
,
2012
,
doi
:10.
512
1/i
ju.
2012
.
3104
.
[10]
Ni
San
Hlai
ng
,
Ma
Naing
and
S
an
Naing
,
“
GP
S
and
GS
M
Based
Vehic
l
e
Tr
ac
k
in
g
S
y
stem
,”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Tr
end
in
Sc
ientif
i
c Re
search
a
nd
Dev
e
lopment
,
vol
.
3
,
no.
4,
pp.
271
-
275
,
2019,
doi:
10
.
31142/ijt
srd23718,2019.
[11]
A.
Barna
g
arwa
l
a
and
A.
Bur
iwal
a
,
“
Vehic
l
e
Tr
ac
king
and
Monitori
ng
S
y
s
te
m
using
GP
S
and
GS
M/G
PR
S
,”
in
Inte
rnational
J
ournal
of
En
gine
ering
Scie
nce
s
&
Re
search
Technol
og
y
,
vo
l
.
6
pp
.
17
-
21
,
2017
,
doi
:
10
.
5281/zen
odo.
1084326.
[12]
A.S.
Dinkar
and
S.A.
Shaikh
,
“
Design
and
Im
plem
ent
at
ion
of
Ve
hic
l
e
Tracki
ng
S
y
stem
Us
ing
GPS
,
”
in
Journal
of
Information
Eng
ine
ering
and
Ap
pli
cations
,
vo
l
.
1
,
no
.
3,
pp.
1
-
7,
2
011.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
2
5
8
-
2
6
4
264
[13]
B
.
Kodava
ti
,
V.
K.
Raj
u
,
S.
Srini
vasa
Rao
,
A.
V.
Prabu
,
T
.
Appa
Rao
and
Y.
V.
Nara
y
ana
,
“
GS
M
and
GP
S
Based
Vehic
l
e
Lo
catio
n
and
Tracki
ng
S
y
stem
,
”
in
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
R
ese
arch
a
nd
Applications
(
IJE
RA
)
,
vol
1,
n
o.
3
,
pp
.
616
-
62
5,
2020
.
[14]
O.
Oheka
and
C
.
Tu
,
“
Fast
and
Im
prove
d
Rea
l
-
Ti
m
e
Vehi
cl
e
Anti
-
Tr
ac
king
S
y
s
te
m
,”
Appl
i
ed
S
ci
en
ce
s
.
;
vol
.
10
,
no.
17
,
5928
,
20
20
,
doi
:
10
.
3390
/a
pp10175928
.
[15]
J
a
y
a
ti
Rou
th,
Ars
hi
y
a
das,
Pi
y
a
shi
Kundu,
Ma
dhubar
sha
Th
ak
ur
,
“
Autom
at
ic
Vehic
l
e
Acc
ident
Det
ec
t
ion
an
d
Mess
agi
ng
Sy
st
e
m
U
sing GP
S a
n
d
GS
M
Module
” in
Inte
rnational
Journal
of
Engi
n
ee
ring Trends and
Technol
ogy
,
vol.
67
,
no
.
8
,
pp
.
69
-
72
,
2019
,
do
i:
10
.
14445/223
15381/IJET
T
-
V
67I8P211
.
[16]
B
.
B.
Lonk
ar
a
nd
M
.
R.
Sa
y
a
nkar
,
“
Design
a
nd
Im
ple
m
ent
ation
of
Autom
atic
Vehi
cl
e
Trac
ker
S
y
st
em
for
Acc
ide
n
ta
l
Eme
rge
nc
y
,”
ICCNS
‘
16:
Proceedi
n
gs
of
the
6th
In
te
rnational
Con
f
ere
nce
on
Comm
unic
ati
on
and
Net
work
S
ec
urit
y
,
Nov
ember
20
16
,
pp
.
46
–
50
,
d
oi:
10
.
1145/301
7971.
3017988
.
[17]
V
.
Pri
y
ada
rshni
,
P.
G
.
Krishna
and
K.
S
.
Rav
i
,
“
GPS
and
GSM
Ena
ble
d
Embedde
d
Vehi
cle
Speed
Li
m
itin
g
Devic
e
,
”
in
Indi
an
Journal
o
f
S
c
ie
nc
e
and
Techn
ology
,
vol
.
9,
20
16,
doi
:
10
.
1748
5/i
jst/
2016
/v9i
1
7/93045
.
[18]
S.
Li
awa
t
imena
and
J.
Li
nggar
j
a
ti
,
“
Vehic
l
e
Trac
ker
with
a
GP
S
and
Acc
elerom
e
te
r
Sensor
Sy
st
e
m
in
Jaka
rta
,
”
in
Inte
rnetwork
ing Indonesia
Journ
al
,
vo
l
.
9
,
no
.
2
,
p
p.
9
-
15,
2017.
[19]
M.
Rat
hod
,
R.
Gite
,
A.
Pawar
,
S.
Singh
and
P.
Kelka
r,
“
An
ai
r
poll
uta
n
t
veh
icle
tra
ck
er
s
y
s
te
m
using
gas
sensor
and
GP
S,
”
2017
Inte
rnational
conf
ere
n
ce
of
E
le
c
tronic
s,
Com
municat
ion
and
Ae
ros
pace
Tec
hnology
(
ICECA
)
2017,
pp
.
494
-
4
98,
doi
:
10
.
1109
/ICE
CA.2017.
82
03734.
[20]
B
.
Yang,
M
.
Tang,
S
.
Chen
,
G
.
W
ang,
Y
.
Ta
n
a
nd
B
.
Li
,
“
A
vehi
cle
tracki
ng
algorithm
combining
det
e
ct
or
an
d
tra
ck
er
,
”
in
EUR
ASIP
Journal
on
Image
and
Vi
d
e
o
Proce
ss
ing
,
vo
l.
17
,
2020
,
do
i:
10.
1186/s13640
-
020
-
00505
-
7
.
[21]
J.
Jeong
,
H.
Yoon
and
J.
Park
,
“
Rel
ia
b
le
Road
S
ce
ne
In
te
rpre
tati
on
Based
on
ITOM
with
the
Inte
gra
t
ed
Fus
ion
of
Vehic
l
e and
L
an
e
Tr
ac
k
er in
Den
se
Tra
f
fic Sit
ua
tion
,
” in
S
ensors
,
no.
20
,
pp
.
1
-
14
,
2020
,
doi:
10.
33
90/s20092457.
[22]
K.
Verm
a
,
A.
Kum
ar
and
D.
Ghos
h
,
“
Robust
St
abi
li
sed
Visua
l
Tra
ck
er
for
Veh
ic
l
e
Tracki
ng
,”
Defe
nc
e
Scienc
e
Journal
,
vo
l.
68
,
pp.
307
-
315,
20
18,
doi
:
10
.
1442
9/dsj.
68.
12209
.
[23]
M.
Ershov,
S.
Sm
irnov,
and
V.
Strotov
,
“
Segm
ent
at
ion
-
b
ase
d
Ve
hic
l
e
Tracke
r
for
Rea
l
-
T
ime
Para
m
et
er
Esti
m
atio
n
on
Sm
art
Camera
,
”
2020
9th
Me
diterr
anean
Confe
renc
e
on
Embe
dded
Com
puti
ng
(
MECO)
,
2020,
pp
.
1
-
4
,
doi:
10
.
1109/M
ECO49872.
2020
.
9134363.
[24]
W
.
Fara
g
,
“
Rea
l
‐ti
m
e
NM
PC
pat
h
tracke
r
for
au
tonomous
vehi
cles
,
”
in
Asian
Jo
urnal
of
Control
,
pp.
1
-
14
,
2020
,
doi:
10
.
1002/a
sj
c.
2335.
[25]
N.
Ramli
,
M.
Za
bidi
,
A.
Anuar
and
I.
Mus
lim
an
,
“
An
open
source
LoRa
base
d
veh
ic
l
e
t
rac
king
s
y
st
em
,”
Indone
sian
Jou
rnal
of
E
le
c
tri
cal
Eng
ineerin
g
and
Informatic
s
(
IJE
EI)
,
vol.
7
,
no.
2,
pp.
221
-
228
,
doi:
10
.
11591/ij
ee
i
.
v7i2
.
1174,
2
019.
BIOGR
AP
H
Y
O
F
AU
TH
OR
Dr.
Narc
isa
T.
Mor
al
lo
was
born
on
Octobe
r
2
9,
1975.
A
Doct
or
of
Philosoph
y
in
Technol
o
g
y
Mana
gement
fr
om
Cebu
Te
chnol
ogical
Unive
rsit
y
,
Moalboal
Campus
.
Curr
ent
l
y
assistan
t
profe
ss
or
at Neg
ros Orie
ntal
St
ate
Univer
si
t
y
,
Dum
ague
te
C
ity
,
P
hil
ippi
n
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.