TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 16 ~ 23
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i1.761
8
16
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 2, 2015;
Re
vised Feb
r
uar
y 28, 201
5
;
Accepte
d
March 15, 201
5
Exploring Coal and Power Industries Integrated Syst
em
in China
Peng Xu
Schoo
l of Econ
omics an
d Man
agem
ent, North Chi
na Electri
c
Po
w
e
r Un
iver
sit
y
, Bao
d
in
g 0
710
03, Ch
ina
E-mail: do
nal
d
pen
g
x
u@
16
3.com
Abstract
Differenc
es
of mark
et
force o
f
coal and po
w
e
r
i
ndustri
e
s
cause
d
this c
o
ntradicti
on “
m
a
r
ket for
coal,
electric
ity for p
l
ans
”.
C&
P (Coal
and power) industries issues
ar
ound dual pr
icin
g system
s
e
rious
ly
ha
mp
ered th
e
deve
l
op
ment o
f
C&P industri
e
s. T
h
is
paper
u
s
ed the Syste
m
Dy
na
mics
method to
ana
ly
z
e
the co
mp
ositio
n, character
i
sti
cs and w
a
ys to
buil
d
of the C
&P ind
u
stries
i
n
tegrate
d
e
ner
gy system, b
u
il
din
g
feedb
ack caus
al relati
ons
hip
s
of the C&P industrie
s i
n
tegrate
d
en
erg
y
system
and
their subsystems
.
F
i
nally, t
h
is
article
estab
lish
e
d
Syste
m
Dy
n
a
mics flow
d
i
a
g
ra
m. T
he
an
a
l
ysis sh
ow
ed t
hat C&P
in
dus
tries
nee
d rati
on
al
pla
nni
ng, c
oor
din
a
ting
col
l
a
b
o
ratio
n
;
streng
then th
e g
o
ve
rnment'
s
g
u
id
e
an
d re
gul
atio
n,
contin
uo
usly i
m
pr
ove the tra
n
s
port cap
a
city
betw
een enter
prises.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
C&
P industri
e
s, energy syste
m
, system dy
na
mi
cs, Vensim
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
The contradictions a
r
ou
nd
coal p
r
i
c
e bet
wee
n
po
we
r enterp
r
i
s
e an
d co
al ente
r
p
r
ise
are
escalatin
g
, si
nce
coal p
r
ice has b
e
cam
e
market-o
rie
n
ted from 20
02. On the o
ne han
d, coal
has
achi
eved ma
rket
-ba
s
e
d
pricin
g, on the other;
ele
c
tri
c
ity price
set by power g
ene
rati
on
comp
anie
s
i
s
und
er th
e g
o
v
ernme
n
t con
t
rol. Du
al p
r
i
c
ing
system "
M
arket for co
al, ele
c
tricity
for
plan
s" cau
s
e
s
the cu
rrent impasse in th
e coal
-po
w
e
r
indu
stry relati
onship [1].
In re
cent ye
ars,
schol
ars at home
an
d ab
road
ha
ve made
a l
o
t of su
gge
st
ions
and
solutio
n
s fo
r t
he C&P i
ndu
strie
s
cont
rad
i
ction
s
. Amon
g it, "vertical i
n
tegratio
n of
coal
and
po
wer
indu
strie
s
" is an importan
t
archite
c
ture
pattern
to mitigate C&P industri
e
s
contradi
ction
s
and
prom
ote the
developm
ent
of C&P
ene
rgy. Liu
Jing
-song
(2
007
) a
nalyze
d
the
key issue
s
in t
he
vertical
relati
onship of
C&
P indu
strie
s
t
hen offe
red
some p
o
licy recom
m
en
dati
ons to
ea
se t
h
e
confli
cts
from
the perspe
c
tive of the "coal, electri
c
it
y rent". Yang Hui-xin
(20
07) poi
nted
out
institutional a
rra
ngem
ents of
division
in the
indu
stri
al
chai
n, incl
udi
ng ent
erp
r
ise
division,
qua
si-
integratio
n co
ntract
divisio
n
and m
a
rket
division i
n
"Vertical
Rel
a
tions
of Indu
stry Chai
n versus
Integration of
Institutional A
rran
gem
ent on Divisi
on of
Labo
r". Com
pari
s
on
of co
sts an
d be
nef
its
is the main f
a
ctor to d
e
termine the in
stituti
onal arran
gement
s of d
i
visi
on, and
chang
es in
co
sts
and be
nefits
determi
ne th
e furthe
r inte
gration
of in
st
itutional arran
gement
s
of di
vision. Lin
Wei-
bin (200
7)
th
ought
th
e ca
use
s
of
C&P
contradi
ction
s
roote
d
in
th
e du
al p
r
i
c
ing
syste
m
, an
d
the
fundame
n
tal approa
ch
to resolve
th
e co
nflicts wa
s b
r
eaki
ng ve
rtical gove
r
nan
ce mod
e
l that
is
colle
ctive bargainin
g
on th
e key co
al co
ntract
s,
so th
e C&P enterprises
coul
d
sign a lo
ng
-term
contract
ba
se
d on in
dep
en
dent ne
gotiati
ons.
Ja
ce
k K
a
mi
ń
ski
(20
0
8
) exami
ned t
he relation
shi
p
s
among th
e d
egre
e
of verti
c
al inte
gratio
n between
p
o
w
er
ente
r
pri
s
es a
nd
coal e
n
terp
rises, lo
ng-
term co
ntra
ct
s and
spot
market tran
saction
s
in
"T
he impa
ct of liberali
z
ation
of the electricity
market on the
hard coal mi
ning secto
r
in
Poland".
2. Analy
s
is o
n
Coal and P
o
w
e
r Indus
tr
ies Integra
t
e
d
Energ
y
Sy
stem
2.1. C&P Ind
u
stries
' Co
ntradiction
s
Due
to th
e
different m
a
rket fo
rces,
C&P indu
strie
s
played
a
g
a
me
on th
e
issue
of
thermal
coal
price, while t
he end
result
: C&P ent
erprises
acted of thei
r own free
will and hold
different vie
w
s [4]. Both
si
des in the
g
a
me
coo
pera
t
ed in the
int
e
r-i
ndu
strie
s
from thei
r o
w
n
intere
sts. T
h
e tradi
ng
activity of two sid
e
s i
s
bo
und to
app
e
a
r o
ppo
rtuni
stic
behavio
r in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Explo
r
ing
Co
al and Power
Industri
e
s Int
egrate
d
System
in China (Peng Xu)
17
psycholo
g
ical
egoi
sm
and
su
ch
un
ce
rtainty behavi
o
r b
r
ing
s
en
ormo
us ri
sks and
ha
rm t
o
contractin
g p
a
rties in p
e
rfo
r
ming a
nd sel
e
cting
contra
cts an
d bilate
ral trad
e [2-4]
.
2.2. Analy
s
is on Integr
a
t
ed Energy
Sy
stem
's Structur
e, Cha
r
acteristic a
nd Cau
se a
nd
Effec
t
C&P indu
stri
es integ
r
ated
energy sy
ste
m
is com
posed of six sub
s
ystem
s
: C&
P energy
sup
p
ly
sy
st
e
m
,
C&
P
en
e
r
gy
t
r
a
n
s
port
sy
st
em,
C&
P
ene
rgy
t
r
a
n
sf
or
m
sy
st
e
m
,
C&
P
en
e
r
gy
policy sy
stem
, C&P energy
soci
o-e
c
o
n
o
m
ic sy
st
em a
nd C&P ene
rgy environm
e
n
t system [5-7].
Figure 1. C&P industri
e
s i
n
tegrate
d
en
ergy
sy
stem’s cau
s
e an
d effect analysi
s
grap
h
Each
sub
s
yst
e
m of the C&
P indust
r
ie
s i
n
tegrat
e
d
en
ergy sy
stem i
s
interrel
ated,
mutual
sup
port, coll
aborative op
erated,
worki
ng togethe
r to build a dy
namic,
con
s
t
antly develop
ing
giant system
[8-11].
2.3. Building Integra
t
ed E
n
erg
y
S
y
stem
C&P indu
stri
es inte
grated
ene
rgy
syste
m
belo
n
g
s
to
the sco
pe
of vertical
integ
r
ation
of
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
in
theory. The vertical integ
r
ation ha
s two
meaning
s: 1
)
Enterpri
se status:
meanin
g
that individua
l enterpri
s
e
e
x
tends to
pro
ductio
n
si
de or sale
s side
on
a produ
ct.
2)
Enterpri
se
behavio
r: me
aning that a
n
enterpr
i
s
e
enters an
oth
e
r processin
g
or ma
rketing stag
e through
vertical integ
r
ation or e
s
tab
lishin
g
a new
prod
uctio
n
or
sale
s organi
zation.
C&P indu
stri
es integ
r
ate
d
energy system com
b
ines the ex
isting indu
st
ries o
r
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
i
n
the u
p
stre
am an
d do
wnstre
am of
coal-p
ower i
n
dustri
e
s chai
n acco
rdi
ng t
o
the
prod
uctio
n
p
r
ocesse
s wit
h
ma
rket m
e
ch
ani
sm.
T
hat’s to
say
that p
u
tting
the
pro
d
u
c
tion
pro
c
e
s
ses of
coal
and
po
wer e
n
terpri
se
s into
one
sy
stem a
nd m
a
king
the u
n
n
e
ce
ssary
market
behavio
rs i
n
ternali
z
e
d
. Th
e integrated
energy sy
ste
m
is
con
d
u
c
ive to preve
n
t opport
unisti
c
market beh
avior, red
u
ce enterp
r
ises’ tra
n
sa
ction
co
st incurre
d
by asset sp
ecifi
c
ity, uncertaint
y
,
informatio
n
t
r
adin
g
and
extensive co
ordin
a
tion,
i
n
ternali
z
e
th
e external
eco
nomy, av
oid
govern
m
ent regulatio
n and
taxation, impr
ove produ
cti
v
ity and co
mpetitiveness [12].
From
a m
a
cro an
d dyn
a
m
i
c p
o
int of vie
w
, the
co
nst
r
uction
of verti
c
ally inte
grat
ed
C&P
indu
strie
s
h
a
s
fou
r
dimen
s
ions:
1) Coal
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
di
mensi
on; 2
)
Powe
r e
n
terp
rise
s dime
nsi
on;
3) Gove
rnm
e
nt dimen
s
ion
;
4) Market
dimen
s
ion.
A
t
first, the constructio
n
b
egin
s
from t
h
e
developm
ent
of coal ente
r
pri
s
e dim
e
n
s
ion. T
he
ch
ange
s in the
competition
and coop
erat
ion
mode
s of node enterpri
s
e
s
in coal ente
r
pri
s
e
s
di
me
n
s
ion cau
s
e its improve
m
e
n
ts and resul
t
in
agglom
eration effect
s
and
tech
nolo
g
y synergie
s
with
in the
re
gion.
Finally, all
th
ese
lea
d
to
the
risin
g
co
al in
dustry. The rising
coal ind
u
stry
promot
es the devel
opment
of p
o
we
r ente
r
pri
s
e
s
dimen
s
ion at
the same ti
me, su
ch a
s
techn
o
logy
in
novating, buil
d
ing Sma
r
t Grid
s, etc. While
coal a
nd po
wer ente
r
pri
s
e
s
are evolving
in the
above two directio
ns,
they
realize
a colla
borative
and interactiv
e developm
e
n
t in the governme
n
t and
market dimen
s
ion
s
sim
u
lta
neou
sly.
A "dynamic
netwo
rk st
ru
cture
con
s
truction
path" of C&P
in
d
u
stri
es i
n
tegrated
ene
rgy
system i
s
formed in the intera
ction of co
al, powe
r
, go
vernme
nt and
market [6, 7].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 16 – 23
18
Figure 2. Dyn
a
mic multidim
ensi
onal
con
s
truct of
vertically integrate
d
C&P indu
stry grap
h
2.4. Integra
t
ed Energ
y
Sy
stem' S Boundar
y
Coa
s
e
an
d
William
s
h
a
ve both
re
se
arched
on
the o
p
timal
boun
dary
of verticall
y
integrate
d
en
terpri
se
s. Th
e optimal bo
u
ndary i
s
t
he intersectio
n
of
the margi
nal
cost
s of market
and corp
orate transactio
n
s
.
Figure 3. Tra
n
sa
ction
co
st, organi
zatio
n
co
st
grap
h of the C&P indu
strie
s
integ
r
at
ed ene
rgy
sy
st
em
2.5. Integra
t
ed Energ
y
Sy
stem's Target
First, e
s
tabli
s
hin
g
inte
gra
t
ed en
ergy
system
can
expand
the
busi
n
e
s
s scale a
n
d
enha
nce the
market force
of system. A large
syst
em
help
s
to play
the learni
ng
effect, achi
eve
technology spillover and
technica
l
diffusion, realize ec
onomies
of scale an
d lower producti
on
co
sts, increa
se con
s
um
er
surplu
s an
d so
cial welfare.
Secon
d
, integrate
d
en
e
r
gy syste
m
can
r
edu
c
e
t
r
an
sa
ct
io
n co
st
s.
U
n
ce
rt
aint
y
transactio
n
a
nd asset
spe
c
ificity lead t
o
the high
sp
ot market tra
n
sa
ction
co
sts. The integ
r
ated
energy syste
m
turns the
collabo
rato
rs i
n
to the in
tern
al orga
nizatio
n
s an
d fixes trade te
rms in
the
form of "contract". Then
th
e opp
ortuni
sti
c
be
hav
iors
may be elimi
nated, an
d transactio
n
co
st is
redu
ce
d [12].
3. Analy
s
is
Abou
t Subs
y
s
tem's Feedback Lo
op
As it can be
seen fro
m
the above an
alys
is, the C&P industrie
s integrated
energy
system'
s
fe
e
dba
ck loo
p
i
s
co
mpo
s
ed
o
f
six sub
s
yst
e
ms.
He
re i
s
the d
e
tailed
analysi
s
of th
ese
s
i
x s
u
bs
ys
tems
[13-15].
(1)
C&P energy policy syst
em
C&P en
ergy
policy
syste
m
ca
n la
rg
el
y determi
ne t
he future d
e
v
elopment
di
rectio
n of
integrate
d
en
ergy
system.
Adopt
ing i
n
centive poli
c
ie
s can in
crea
se the
suppo
rt for inte
grat
ed
energy syste
m
as well as
market inform
ation.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Explo
r
ing
Co
al and Power
Industri
e
s Int
egrate
d
System
in China (Peng Xu)
19
Figure 4. C&P energy poli
c
y system fee
dba
ck g
r
ap
h
(2)
C&P energy transfo
rm
system
C&P energy transfo
rm system is an
energy
co
n
v
ersio
n
pro
c
ess, namely
"Thermal
energy-Kineti
c
en
ergy
-Me
c
ha
nical ene
rgy-Ele
c
tri
c
al
energy". There i
s
a
n
obviou
s
"Path
depe
nden
ce"
pheno
men
o
n
in the en
ergy transfo
rm
sy
stem. Vari
able
s
in the
system tog
e
ther
make u
p
a large po
sitive feedba
ck loop.
Figure 5. C&P energy tran
sf
orm
system
feedba
ck g
r
a
p
h
(3)
C&P energy supply sy
stem
C&P en
ergy
sup
p
ly sy
ste
m
contain
s
th
ermal
po
we
r
plant a
nd
co
al yard.
The
coal
yard
provide
s
the
prima
r
y syste
m
energy-coa
l fo
r C&P industrie
s integ
r
ated ene
rgy system.
Figure 6. C&P energy sup
p
ly system fe
edba
ck gra
p
h
I
n
ce
n
t
i
v
e pol
i
c
y
S
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
a
n
d
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Su
ppor
t
dy
n
a
m
i
cs
Ma
rk
e
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
P
r
of
es
s
i
on
a
l
+
+
-
+
+
+
C
o
a
l
pr
odu
ct
Fi
r
e
d
boi
l
e
r
Va
p
o
u
r
T
h
erm
a
l
e
n
erg
y
N
o
z
z
l
e c
a
s
cade
Tu
r
b
i
n
e
K
i
n
e
t
i
c en
e
r
g
y
Ro
t
o
r
C
a
s
c
a
d
e
M
ech
an
i
c
en
e
r
g
y
Ge
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
en
er
g
y
Cl
i
e
n
t
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y d
e
m
a
nd
Co
a
l
d
e
m
a
n
d
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Co
a
l
y
a
r
d
M
i
n
i
ng r
a
t
e
Su
r
f
a
c
e
s
u
b
s
i
d
en
ce
S
e
le
c
t
b
y
w
a
s
h
in
g
G
a
ngu
e
C
o
a
l
pr
odu
ct
Th
e
r
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
pl
an
t
N
e
ga
t
i
ve
ecol
o
g
i
ca
l
ef
f
e
c
t
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
si
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
Co
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
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l
ec
t
r
i
cal
p
r
od
u
c
t
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a
t
e
r
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c
on
om
i
c
g
r
os
s
Re
g
u
l
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
I
n
c
e
n
t
iv
e
p
o
lic
y
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 16 – 23
20
(4)
C&P energy transp
o
rt system
The excavated coal will
be tran
sp
orted
to powe
r
plant
s thro
ugh road, ra
ilway or
waterway. After that, electricity coul
d be assi
g
ned
to each
cli
ent throu
gh
the power g
r
id.
Cu
stome
r
's d
e
mand
for po
wer p
r
od
uct
h
a
s l
ed to
the
coal
re
so
urce
dema
nd
of u
p
stre
am
po
wer
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
, whi
c
h promo
t
es the deve
l
opment
of C&P energy transp
o
rtatio
n system. "Path
depe
nden
ce"
phen
omen
on
is obviou
s
in
C&P energy tran
spo
r
t syst
em [18, 19].
Figure 7. C&P energy tran
spo
r
t system
feedba
ck gra
p
h
(5)
C&P energy soci
o-e
c
o
nomic
system
C&P ene
rgy so
cio-econo
mic sy
stem i
s
the core of
C&P indust
r
ies integ
r
ate
d
ene
rgy
system.
Co
ntradi
ction
s
of
C&P d
ual
p
r
icin
g le
ad t
o
the i
n
teg
r
a
t
ed en
ergy
system p
r
og
ra
m
dire
ctly. C&
P indu
strie
s
integ
r
ation
indire
ctly
aff
e
cts the
tra
n
sa
ction
costs throug
h q
uasi
-
integratio
n be
haviors and t
he altern
ative forms [20].
Figure 8. C&P energy soci
o-e
c
on
omi
c
system feedba
ck g
r
ap
h
(6)
C&P energy environm
e
n
t system
Coal mining
pro
c
e
s
s
will prod
uce wa
ste
"gang
ue"
and
coal
an
d ca
use the
su
rface
sub
s
id
en
ce a
t
the same ti
me. After that coal
is tran
spo
r
ted to th
e thermal
po
wer
plant
s. CO
2
,
SO
2
, NO
X
, etc. pollutant
s are ge
ne
rate
d in this pro
c
ess.
C
o
al
f
i
el
d
R
o
ad t
r
an
s
p
or
t
Wat
e
r
w
ay
tr
a
n
sp
o
r
t
Ra
i
l
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
+
+
+
Th
e
r
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
pl
a
n
t
Pow
e
r
g
r
i
d
Cl
i
e
n
t
E
l
e
c
t
r
ic
it
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
Co
a
l
d
e
m
a
n
d
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
o
al
s
u
ppl
y
Po
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
Co
a
l
p
r
i
c
e
E
l
ect
r
i
ci
t
y
pr
i
c
e
C
o
al
an
d
el
ect
r
i
ci
t
y
in
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
Q
u
asi
-
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
o
n
A
l
t
e
r
n
at
i
v
e f
o
r
m
H
o
l
d
i
n
g
a st
ake
Eq
u
i
t
y
p
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
t
io
n
J
o
in
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Li
m
i
t
s
a
l
e
s
P
l
a
cem
en
t
F
r
an
ch
i
s
e r
i
g
h
t
T
r
an
s
act
i
o
n
co
s
t
T
r
a
d
i
ng f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
S
p
eci
f
i
c f
u
n
d
U
n
c
e
r
ta
i
n
ty
B
u
si
n
e
ss
o
r
m
a
rk
e
t
f
o
rm
O
w
ne
r
s
hi
p
f
o
r
m
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Explo
r
ing
Co
al and Power
Industri
e
s Int
egrate
d
System
in China (Peng Xu)
21
Figure 9. C&P energy envi
r
onm
ent syst
em feedba
ck grap
h
4. Sy
stem Dy
namics Flow
Di
agram o
f
C&P
Indu
stries Integr
ated Energ
y
Sy
stem
In ord
e
r to f
u
rthe
r de
scri
be the d
e
vel
opm
ent
of C&P indust
r
ie
s integ
r
ate
d
energy
system, we e
s
tabli
s
he
d System Dyna
mi
cs flo
w
diag
ra
m of the system in Vensim
[21-23].
Figure 10. System Dyna
mi
cs flo
w
diag
ra
m
of C&P industrie
s integ
r
ated ene
rgy system
5.
Simulation and analy
s
is
Figure 11. Simulation an
al
ysis on transportation
cap
a
city
C
o
a
l
m
i
ni
ng
Co
a
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
G
a
ngue
S
u
r
f
ace
s
u
bsi
d
en
ce
Th
e
r
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
pl
a
n
t
Ca
r
b
i
d
e
,
n
i
t
r
i
d
e
,
s
u
lf
id
e
Du
s
t
,
a
s
h
,
wa
s
t
e
wa
t
e
r
So
i
l
Gr
o
u
n
d
wa
t
e
r
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
da
m
a
g
e
C
l
ean
E
n
er
g
y
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
R
e
n
e
w
a
bl
e en
er
g
y
S
u
s
t
ai
n
a
bl
e en
er
g
y
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
+
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Th
e
r
m
a
l
pow
er
pl
a
n
t
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
pr
odu
c
t
Co
a
l
y
a
r
d
Mi
n
i
n
g
r
a
t
e
C
o
al
pr
odu
c
t
I
n
c
e
n
t
iv
e
p
o
lic
y
Pr
of
es
s
i
on
a
l
s
E
c
on
om
i
c
g
r
os
s
T
r
an
s
por
t
ca
paci
t
y
、
H
i
ghw
a
y
、
wa
te
rwa
y
r
a
ilw
a
y
a
n
d
pow
er
g
r
i
d
E
l
ect
r
i
ci
t
y
de
m
a
n
d
Co
a
l
d
e
m
a
n
d
Co
a
l
p
r
i
c
e
E
l
e
c
t
r
ic
it
y
p
r
ic
e
S
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
la
t
i
o
n
C
o
a
l
p
o
w
er
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
o
n
S
p
eci
a
l
f
u
n
d
s
U
n
ce
r
t
ai
n
t
y
T
r
a
d
i
n
g f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
G
a
ng
ue
C
O
2,
S
O
2,N
O
Was
t
e
、
wa
t
e
r
d
u
s
t
、
as
h
R
e
n
e
w
a
bl
e en
er
g
y
C
l
e
a
n e
n
e
r
gy
t
e
c
h
no
l
o
gy
<T
i
m
e>
<T
i
m
e>
<T
i
m
e
>
E
c
ol
og
i
c
al
dam
a
g
e
M
i
ne
r
a
l
e
v
o
l
ut
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 1, April 2015 : 16 – 23
22
The in
crea
si
ng tran
sp
ort
cap
a
city of C&P i
ndustri
e
s integrate
d
e
nergy
system
in the
next 20 years will greatly promote
the development of the system.
Figure 12. Power
Grid o
perat
ional capa
ci
ty simulation
With the gra
dual imp
r
ove
m
ent of grid
operational
ability, grad
ually enha
ncing the
integrate
d
en
ergy
system,
t
he syste
m
begin
s
to
sh
ow
sup
e
rio
r
it
y and a g
o
o
d
develo
p
me
nt
trend. The int
egrate
d
effect
s begi
ns to show thei
r hug
e advantag
es.
6. Conclusio
n
1) Stre
ngthe
ning
coo
r
din
a
ted pla
nnin
g
abo
ut the
C&P indu
st
ries,
develop
ing cl
ear
indu
strial poli
c
y.
The C&P ind
u
strie
s
inte
grated ene
rgy
system
i
s
a
compli
cate
d l
a
rge
syste
m
, which
need g
o
vern
ment and e
n
terp
rises' h
a
rmonization a
nd overall pl
annin
g
at the macro level. Set
low ene
rgy consumption, high-yiel
d,
su
staina
ble
dev
elopme
n
t a
s
the go
al of i
n
tegrated
en
ergy
system, ma
ke efforts to
redu
ce tra
n
sa
ction
co
st an
d pro
d
u
c
tion
co
st, and p
r
omote the
C&P
indu
strie
s
' vig
o
rou
s
devel
o
p
ment in the end.
2) Vigo
rou
s
l
y
developin
g
tran
spo
r
tation
sy
stem, signifi
cantly enha
nce
the
ene
rgy
transport c
a
pac
i
ty.
Tran
sp
ort ca
pacity of co
al re
sou
r
ce has b
e
come
a con
s
trai
n
t
barrie
r
, re
stri
cting
indu
strie
s
' de
velopment. T
r
an
spo
r
tation
capa
city
of the syste
m
h
a
s be
en a crucial
key to the
developm
ent of C&P indust
r
ies
inte
grate
d
energy syst
em.
3) Steadily promoting ele
c
t
r
icity market reform.
"Market for
coal, ele
c
tri
c
ity for
plan
s"
du
al p
r
ici
ng
ha
s se
rio
u
sly
affected
the
pro
ductio
n
and
bu
sine
ss activities of
C&P ente
r
p
r
i
s
e
s
. Steadily
prom
oting th
e
ele
c
tricity m
a
rket
refo
rm, a
n
d
grad
ually fo
rming a
scie
n
tific, ration
al p
r
icin
g m
e
cha
n
ism
ma
ke t
he p
r
ice fully
refle
c
t
co
st
and
the supply
a
nd d
e
man
d
on the
ma
rke
t, literally we
ake
n
g
o
vern
ment ma
ndat
ory ma
nag
e
m
ent
measures.
4) Establi
s
hm
ent of nationa
l and regi
onal
trading platfo
rm.
Encou
r
a
ge a
nd p
r
omote
the me
rge
r
of
elect
r
icity, coal, shi
ppin
g
and
sal
e
s,
g
r
adu
ally
achi
eving m
u
lti-indu
stry
win-win
situa
t
ion in c
oal,
power g
ene
ration, rail tra
n
sp
ortation.
etc.
Encou
r
a
ge C&P compani
es to sig
n
lo
ng-te
rm co
nt
ract
s, esta
blishin
g
long
-te
r
m partn
ershi
p
s,
and a
c
hievin
g long-te
rm coope
ration a
m
ong ente
r
p
r
ise
s
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
The auth
o
rs gratefully a
c
kno
w
le
dge t
he finan
cial
sup
port fro
m
the National
Natural
Scien
c
e Fu
nd
of China (No
.
714710
61).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Explo
r
ing
Co
al and Power
Industri
e
s Int
egrate
d
System
in China (Peng Xu)
23
Referen
ces
[1]
Liu
Hon
g
. Pr
obl
ems a
nd
soluti
ons c
oal
and
po
w
e
r
i
n
tegrate
d
i
n
d
u
str
y
fac
e
.
M
a
croec
ono
mic
Mana
ge
me
nt
. 201
2; 08: 53-5
5
.
[2]
Liu Bi
ng. C
h
in
ese co
al, po
wer ind
u
str
y
v
e
rtical
relations
h
ips:
D
e
termin
ants an
d mod
e
sel
e
ction
.
Econom
ic Man
agem
ent Press
.
2010.
[3]
Josko
w
P
L
, Schmalensce
R. Markets for Po
w
e
r A
n
Anal
ys
is of E
l
ectric
Util
it
y
Dere
gul
atio
n.
Cambri
dg
e:
T
he MIT
press. 198
3.
[4]
Prcilip
An
dre
w
s
-
s
p
e
ed. R
e
forms of Ch
i
na's e
l
ectricit
y po
w
e
r ind
u
str
y
-ch
a
ll
en
ge
s
facin
g
th
e
gover
nment.
Energy Po
licy
. 2
000.
[5]
Y Liu, GH
Hu
ang, YP
Ca
i, GH Che
ng, Y
T
Niu,
K An A
n
. Deve
lo
pme
n
t of an
in
e
x
a
c
t optimizati
o
n
mode
l for co
up
led c
oal
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r m
ana
ge
ment in
North
Chin
a.
En
ergy Policy
. 2009; 37(11): 4345-
436
3.
[6]
Liu C
h
o
ngmi
n
g. Po
w
e
r g
e
n
e
ratio
n
gro
up
strategic M & A decisi
on mo
del a
nd
empir
i
cal rese
arch
.
North Ch
ina El
ectric Po
w
e
r U
n
iversit
y
(Be
iji
n
g
). 2011.
[7]
Liu Ye. Co
al
and p
o
w
e
r i
n
tegrati
on e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
stem p
l
ann
ing
and
mana
geme
n
t studies u
n
d
e
r
uncerta
int
y
. N
o
rth Chin
a Elect
r
ic Po
w
e
r U
n
iv
ersit
y
. 2
013.
[8]
He Z
hen
g. De
cision a
n
a
l
ysis
on po
w
e
r p
l
a
n
ts’
coal a
nd po
w
e
r integr
ati
on strateg
y
. North Chin
a
Electric Po
w
e
r Univers
i
t
y
(B
ao
din
g
). 200
7.
[9]
Y Liu, YP Cai,
GH Huang, C Dong.
Enh
anc
ement of ec
on
omic a
nd
ec
ol
ogic
a
l susta
i
n
a
b
ility thr
oug
h
integr
ated ma
nag
e
m
ent of
c
oal
an
d electri
c
ity
in North
Chin
a
. Proc
edi
a Env
i
ronm
ent
al Sci
enc
es.
201
2; (13): 467
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[10]
W
ang B. An im
bal
ance
d
d
e
vel
opme
n
t of
coal
and e
l
ectricit
y
ind
u
stries i
n
C
h
in
a.
Energy P
o
licy
. 20
07
;
35(1
0
): 495
9-4
968.
[11]
Y Liu, GH Hu
ang, YP Ca
i, C Don
g
. An
i
n
e
x
act d
y
n
a
mi
c optimizati
o
n
model for
2
CO
emission
reducti
on in S
u
bei R
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