Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
3
84
~
391
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.pp
3
84
-
391
384
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Airline t
icket r
eserv
atio
n
usin
g NFC
-
bas
ed
single id
entity
Mikh
ael Ba
gus Ren
ardi
1
,
N
oo
r
Choli
s B
asjar
uddin
2
,
Su
priyadi
3
, Kus
priyant
o
4
1,4
School
of El
ectrical
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
and
In
form
at
ics
,
Bandung
Institute
of
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
,
Bandung
,
In
donesia
2,3
Depa
rtment
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
,
B
andung
State
Pol
y
t
ec
hn
i
c,
B
andung, I
nd
onesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
1
1,
2018
Re
vised
N
ov
17
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Nov
30
,
2018
Airli
ne
ticke
t
r
ese
rva
t
ions
c
an
b
e
completed
v
ia
ticket
coun
te
rs
or
onli
ne
.
To
red
uce
passenge
r
data
r
edunda
n
c
y
,
Sing
le
Id
entit
y
(SI)
m
a
y
b
e
req
uir
ed
t
o
input
passeng
er
dat
a
.
In
Indone
si
a,
SI
is
utilised
i
n
ide
nt
ity
ca
rds
using
Nea
r
Fiel
d
Com
m
unic
at
ion
(NF
C),
c
al
l
ed
elec
troni
c
Kart
u
Ta
nd
a
Pe
nduduk
(e
-
KTP).
How
eve
r
,
the
use
of
e
-
KT
P
is
not
opt
imal
y
e
t
b
ecause
it
is
stil
l
used
in
the
sam
e
wa
y
a
s
the
conve
nt
ion
al
one
.
D
at
a
inp
ut
using
SI
ca
n
be
don
e
b
y
ta
pping
the
e
-
KTP
on
a
NF
C
-
e
nabl
ed
m
a
chi
ne
,
and
th
e
user
is
req
uire
d
to
sele
c
t
the
passe
nger
s’
names.
T
he
pro
ce
ss
of
d
a
ta
input
m
a
y
be
sim
pli
fi
ed,
result
ing
in
a
hig
her
tra
nsa
ct
ion
s
pee
d.
Thi
s
r
ese
a
rch
r
esult
demon
strat
ed
th
at
the
re
was
a
sligh
t
d
iffe
r
enc
e
of
th
e
ti
m
e
req
uir
ed
b
et
wee
n
th
e
two
m
et
hods
for
t
ic
k
et
rese
rva
t
io
ns.
The
t
ime
eff
i
ci
en
c
y
using
SI
through
ticket
c
ounte
rs
was
48%,
whil
e
th
e
onli
ne
rese
rv
at
io
n
using
SI
was
45%.
Further
re
sea
rch
m
a
y
implement
th
e
v
al
id
at
ion
m
et
hod
s,
such
as
using
PIN
or
finge
rpr
i
nt.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Airline Tic
keting
Near
Fiel
d
C
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
Sing
le
I
den
ti
ty
Tic
ket Reser
va
ti
on
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Noor Ch
olis B
asjaru
dd
i
n,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Ba
ndung St
at
e
Po
ly
te
chn
ic
,
Jl. G
e
gerkalo
ng
Hili
r
Ds
.Ci
w
aruga Ba
ndung 4
0012.
Em
a
il
: no
orch
olis@p
olb
a
n.
a
c.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Sing
le
I
de
ntit
y
(SI)
has
bee
n
i
m
ple
m
ented
pa
rtic
ularly
in
I
ndonesi
a
for
th
e
pur
pose
of
dem
og
ra
phic
data
inte
gr
at
io
n
a
nd
update
[
1].
S
I
co
ntains
an
in
div
i
du
al
’
s
ide
ntit
y
inclu
ding
f
ull
nam
e,
gende
r,
occ
upat
ion,
address
, m
arit
a
l st
at
us
, d
at
e a
nd
place o
f bir
t
h,
a
nd
bloo
d
ty
pe
[
2]. T
he
m
a
king of SI num
ber
s m
ay
also r
eveal
on
e
’s
da
ta
s
uc
h
as,
re
gion,
p
l
ace
a
nd d
at
e o
f
bi
rth,
a
nd
t
he
n
um
ber
of
resi
den
ts
h
avi
ng
t
he
sam
e
birth da
ta
in
a
par
ti
cula
r
a
rea.
S
I
num
ber
s
a
r
e
pe
rm
anen
t,
m
eaning
that
t
hey
a
re
us
e
d
by
an
in
div
i
du
al
f
ro
m
birt
h
to
death.
More
ov
e
r,
SI
is
util
ise
d
in
a
n
el
ect
r
on
ic
Kartu
T
anda
Pe
nduduk
(e
-
KT
P)
(elect
ronic
identit
y
car
d)
,
Bi
rt
h
Ce
rtific
at
e,
an
d
Fam
il
y
Ca
rd
[3
]
.
T
he
util
isa
t
ion
of
e
-
KTP
i
s
co
ns
ide
red
t
o
be
ine
ff
ic
ie
nt
because
it
is
sti
ll
us
ed
in
th
e
sam
e
way
as
the
co
nve
ntion
al
one
suc
h
as
,
the
ca
rd
is
ph
oto
c
op
ie
d
a
nd
the
data
in
the
e
-
KTP
a
re
sti
ll
check
e
d
m
anual
ly
.
On
e
of
the
publ
ic
serv
ic
es
util
isi
ng
S
I
is
tra
nsport
se
rv
ic
es,
especial
ly
ai
rli
nes
[4
]
.
SI
is
use
d
to
e
nsur
e
wh
et
her
a
pass
eng
e
r
ide
n
ti
ty
m
at
ches
the
da
ta
at
ta
ched
i
n
t
he
ti
c
ket
or
in
t
he
booki
ng
r
ef
eren
ce
.
I
den
ti
ty
in
pu
t
is
done
wh
e
n
a
passe
ng
e
r
pur
chases
ai
rline
ti
ckets,
w
hile
va
li
dation
is
c
om
ple
te
d
in
the ch
eck
-
in pro
ce
ss.
T
he
validat
io
n
is
usual
ly
done
by
c
onfirm
ing
the
data
in
the
ti
ck
et
with
the
data
in
the
e
-
K
TP.
Data
in
pu
t
c
omplet
ed
m
anu
al
ly
m
ay
po
s
sibly
ca
us
e
data
redu
nd
a
nc
y,
es
pecial
ly
pa
ssen
ger
s
’
nam
es.
For
e
xam
ple,
a
pas
sen
ger’s
nam
e
Mi
kh
ael
Ba
gu
s
Re
nardi
w
ritt
en
M
Ba
gus
R
m
ay
ref
er
to
diff
e
re
nt
ind
i
vid
uals
,
but
it
m
ay
al
so
ref
e
r
t
o
one
ind
ivi
du
al
[
2],
[5
]
,
[
6].
H
ence
,
SI
sho
uld
be
ut
il
ise
d
as
a
m
eth
od
f
or
re
fer
e
nc
e
data
i
nput
in
orde
r
t
o
re
duc
e
data
redu
nd
a
ncy.
Both
co
nventi
on
al
an
d
onli
ne
ti
cket
reserv
at
ion
s
are
co
m
ple
te
d
by
en
te
ring
data
m
a
nu
al
ly
.
Thi
s
process
is
do
ne
in
e
ac
h
ti
c
ket
r
eserv
at
io
n.
Som
et
i
m
es
the
process
ca
n
be
ex
haust
ing
as
pas
sen
ger
s
need
t
o
in
pu
t
the
sam
e
data
rep
eat
edly
.
On
e
of
t
he
dr
a
wb
a
cks
of
t
he
co
nventio
nal
ti
cke
t
reservat
ions
is
that
pass
en
ge
rs
a
r
e
require
d
t
o
visi
t
ti
cket
co
unte
r
s
or
places
that
offer
ti
cket
res
erv
at
io
ns
,
li
m
i
t
ed
by
t
he
dista
nce
a
nd
ti
m
e
[7]
,
[
8].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Airl
ine ti
cket
reservatio
n usin
g
NFC
-
base
d
s
ing
le
ide
ntit
y
(
Mi
kha
el
B
ag
us Ren
ardi
)
385
Me
anwhil
e,
onli
ne
ti
cket
re
se
rv
at
io
ns
re
qu
i
r
e
an
inter
net
c
onnecti
on
t
o
do
tra
ns
act
io
ns
[9
]
,
[
10
]
.
O
ne
of
the
po
s
sible
sec
ur
i
ty
gap
s
of
onli
ne
re
ser
vations
is
that
there
is
no
validat
i
on
proc
ess
s
o
t
he
data
m
ay
be
falsi
fied
or u
se
d by
un
a
uthorise
d parti
es.
The
us
e
of
e
-
K
TP
i
n
on
li
ne
ti
cket
reservat
io
ns
m
ay
shorte
n
t
he
proces
s
of
data
i
nput
for
pas
sen
ge
rs
[2
]
,
[
11]
,
[
12
]
.
More
ov
e
r,
e
-
KTP
nu
m
ber
s
m
ay
al
so
be
use
d
to
recog
nise
identit
y
num
ber
s
o
f
ot
her
fam
il
y
m
e
m
ber
s
sta
te
d
i
n
t
he
s
am
e
Fam
il
y
Ca
rd
,
t
hu
s
,
t
he
data
input
ca
n
be
c
om
ple
te
d
faste
r.
A
ddit
ion
al
ly
,
ti
cket
reservat
io
ns
m
ay
be
done
by
us
in
g
m
achine
s,
s
uch
as
A
utom
at
ic
Tel
le
r
Ma
chine
(
ATM)
pro
vid
e
d
in
str
at
egic
areas
a
nd
valid
at
ion
via
sm
ar
tpho
nes
w
hen
pa
ssen
ger
s
e
nter
their
data
us
i
ng
t
he
NF
C
rea
der
[
13]
,
[
14]
.
Also
,
ti
cket
rese
rv
at
i
on
businesses
sh
oul
d
be
sta
ndar
dised
,
so
th
at
the
sam
e
ste
ps
can
be
a
ppli
ed
i
n
al
l
ti
cketi
ng
bu
si
nesses
and
the e
xp
ect
e
d o
utcom
e can be
achieve
d.
Nowa
days,
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
sm
artphon
e
te
chnolo
gy
has
influ
e
nce
d
sm
artp
hone
use
rs
to
integr
at
e
their
work
an
d
bu
si
nesses
into
a
sm
artph
one.
Gen
e
rall
y,
so
m
e
pe
op
le
m
ay
no
t
fa
vour
the
use
of
car
ds
f
or
each
bu
si
ness.
Th
us,
savi
ng
data
i
n
sm
artphon
es
can
be
a
s
olu
ti
on
beca
us
e
it
offe
rs
an
easy
w
ay
of
m
anag
in
g
da
t
a
stora
ge
as
a
s
ubsti
tute
for
the
us
e
of
car
ds
[
15
]
.
T
he
util
isa
ti
on
of
N
FC
in
sm
artph
ones
can
be
m
axi
m
i
sed
by
storing i
den
ti
ty
d
at
a in
sm
artph
ones
, so that t
hese
data ca
n b
e u
se
d
i
n
tra
nsa
ct
ion
with
ou
t
the use
of
e
-
K
TP.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
This
resea
rch
beg
a
n
with
li
te
ratur
e
st
ud
ie
s
on
E
-
KT
P,
co
nv
e
ntio
nal
ti
ck
et
s
an
d
onli
ne
ti
ckets,
a
nd
conve
ntion
al
a
nd
on
li
ne
ti
ck
et
rese
rv
at
io
ns.
T
his
li
te
ratu
r
e
stu
dy
pro
duced
so
m
e
inf
orm
ation
a
bout
tim
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
for
on
li
ne
ti
cket
re
serv
at
io
n
syst
em
s
by
us
ing
N
FC
-
bas
ed
SI.
The
res
ults
can
be
us
e
d
t
o
determ
ine
the
e
ff
ect
ive
ne
ss
of
the
us
e
of
NF
C
f
or
data
in
pu
t
a
nd
for
reducin
g
data
r
edun
dan
cy
.
T
hi
s
resea
rc
h
on
ti
cket
reservat
io
ns
usi
ng
SI
a
nd
N
F
C
was
dr
a
w
n
f
ro
m
so
m
e
stud
ie
s
inv
est
iga
ti
ng
on
li
ne
ti
c
ket
reservat
io
ns
a
nd
the
app
li
cat
io
n
of
SI
in
a
wide
ra
ng
e
of
areas
[5
-
9].
Nev
e
rthele
ss,
in
s
om
e
reg
ion
s
,
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
ti
cket
reservat
io
ns
in
cl
ud
in
g
on
li
ne
reservat
ions
do
e
s
not
ha
ve
a
un
if
or
m
sy
stem
.
Thu
s,
business
proces
ses
a
nd
re
ser
vatio
n
m
e
thods a
vaila
ble
n
ee
d
to
b
e
un
de
rstood com
prehensi
vely
.
So
m
e
researc
h
res
ults
in
this
fiel
d
ha
ve
re
ve
al
ed
that
pu
rc
hasin
g
ti
c
kets
on
li
ne
is
m
or
e
prefe
ra
ble
du
e
t
o
it
s
fast
process
[16].
Po
ssi
ble
issu
es
in
an
onli
ne
ti
cketi
ng
sy
stem
m
igh
t
be
the
avail
abil
it
y
of
internet
c
onne
ct
ion
to
c
om
pl
et
e
transacti
ons
[17].
I
n
ad
diti
on
,
t
o
ens
ure
that
data
(e
-
KT
P)
use
rs
a
re
th
e
act
ua
l
owne
rs,
scan
ni
ng
the
e
-
KTP
is
re
qu
ire
d
as
a
substi
tute
for
ide
ntit
y
inpu
t.
Ot
her
stu
dies,
e.
g.
see
re
f.
18
,
relat
ed
t
o
t
he
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
of
NF
C
in
ai
rpo
rts
hav
e
al
so
i
nvest
igate
d
t
he
use
of
N
FC
i
n
bagga
ge
cl
aims.
T
hi
s
stud
y
has
c
on
c
lud
e
d
that
the
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
NF
C
m
ay
sh
ort
en
t
he
ti
m
e
require
d
in
ba
gg
a
ge
cl
ai
m
s.
Othe
r
researc
h
has
al
so
exam
ined
t
he
util
isa
ti
on
of
NF
C
i
n
Me
dic
al
Re
cord
(MR
)
a
nd
how
data
sec
ur
it
y
in
M
R
can
be done
[
19
-
20].
2.1
.
E
-
KTP
E
-
K
TP
is
an
id
entit
y
card
gi
ve
n
to
a
n
Ind
on
e
sia
n
ci
ti
zen
w
he
n
he/she
is
al
r
eady
m
at
ur
e.
T
he
e
-
KT
P
is
connecte
d
t
o biom
et
ric d
at
a su
ch
as,
fin
gerpr
i
nt and r
et
ina
sc
ans.
A
ci
ti
zen is o
n
ly
all
owed t
o
ha
ve
one S
I t
hat
is
us
ed
a
s
an
offici
al
identific
at
ion
.
M
or
e
over,
the
e
-
K
TP
is
al
so
eq
uippe
d
with
Nea
r
Fi
el
d
Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
(N
FC
)
Tag
s
o
it
can
store
data
[
21
-
23
]
.
H
oweve
r,
ra
rely
do
public
a
nd
pr
ivate
ser
vices
util
ise
the
NFC
ta
g
in
the
e
-
KTP
i
n
their
bu
si
nesses
[24
-
26]
.
I
n
fac
t,
the
us
e
of
S
I
in
va
rio
us
as
pe
ct
s
of
li
fe
m
ay
ease
adm
inis
trat
ion
processes
and
oth
e
r
te
ch
nical
m
a
tt
ers.
Conve
ntion
al
KTP
is
us
ually
us
e
d
by
ph
oto
c
op
yi
ng
the
ca
r
d
as
re
quire
d
in
the
a
dm
inist
rati
ve
proce
ss
.
In
the
valid
at
io
n
process
,
t
he
KTP
is
us
e
d
as
a
pro
of
that
the
data
sta
te
d
in
th
e
adm
inist
rati
ve
proce
ss
c
orre
sp
on
d
to
the
data
in
t
he
KTP
.
U
nfo
r
tun
at
el
y,
the
e
-
KTP
is
sti
ll
us
ed
in
t
he
sam
e
way
as
the
co
nventio
nal
on
e
.
Also
,
the
e
-
KTP
s
ho
uld
no
t
be
phot
ocopied
beca
us
e
the
chi
p
insi
de
the
ca
r
d
m
a
y
be
bro
ke
n.
R
at
her
,
t
he
data
of
t
he
e
-
KT
P
holde
r
c
an
be
ret
rieve
d
by
sca
nnin
g
t
he
car
d
us
i
ng
a
n
NF
C
de
vice
[
12]
.
T
he
refor
e
,
by
us
in
g
this
m
et
hod,
the pr
ocess of
data in
pu
t
an
d data vali
dation i
s do
ne by t
he sy
stem
, r
esulti
ng i
n faste
r
tra
ns
act
io
ns
.
2.2
.
Conv
e
nt
i
onal Ti
cket
and El
ectro
nic T
ic
ket
Tic
kets
a
re
a
docum
ent
use
d
t
o
s
how
that
pa
ssen
ger
s
whos
e
nam
e
an
d
dat
a
at
ta
ched
in
th
e
ti
cket
have
the r
ig
ht to
se
r
vices an
d
facil
i
ti
es o
ff
e
red
by
serv
ic
e
pro
vid
e
rs
[
10
]
. T
he
ti
c
ket is
usual
ly
m
ade o
f pa
per
wh
ic
h
is
pri
nted
o
ut
w
he
n
the
chec
k
-
i
n
process
is
co
m
plete
d.
I
n som
e
trans
portat
ion
servic
e pro
vid
e
rs,
the
ti
cket
ca
n
be
pr
i
nted
out
wh
e
n
passe
nge
rs
hav
e
bo
ught
the
ti
cket.
T
he
pri
nted
ti
cket
is
usual
ly
che
cked
an
d
t
orn
wh
e
n
passe
ng
e
rs
are
ab
out
to
boar
d
t
he
ai
rp
la
ne.
Th
us
,
the
tra
nsa
ct
ion
s
m
ay
req
ui
re
m
uch
pa
per
as
the
nu
m
ber
of
passe
ng
e
rs
m
ay
incr
ease
[
4],
[15].
Althou
gh no
w
adays ti
ckets a
re in a
form
o
f e
le
ct
ro
nic ti
c
ke
ts (e
-
ti
ckets
), s
om
eti
m
es e
-
ti
c
kets ar
e sti
ll
us
e
d
in
the
sa
m
e
way
as
conven
ti
onal
ti
cke
ts
(e
-
ti
ckets
ar
e
require
d
to
be
pr
inte
d
an
d
a
re
chec
ke
d
m
a
nu
al
ly
).
E
-
ti
ckets
al
so
ha
ve
a
ref
e
re
nce
co
de
cal
le
d
a
s
a
bookin
g
c
ode
.
Als
o,
passe
ng
er
da
ta
,
flig
ht
s
chedules,
an
d
f
li
gh
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
3
84
–
391
386
destinat
io
ns
ar
e
sta
te
d
in
e
-
ti
c
kets.
T
he
us
e
of
e
-
ti
cket
sho
uld
prom
ote
pa
pe
rless
t
ran
sact
i
on
s
,
an
d
the
c
he
ck
-
i
n
process
sho
uld
be
done
onli
ne
or
us
i
ng
sel
f
-
se
rv
ic
e
c
hec
k
-
i
n
m
achines,
t
hu
s
,
these
m
ay
avo
id
a
lo
ng
que
ue
an
d
sh
ort
en
the tim
e n
ee
ded f
or tr
ansacti
ons
[18].
2.3
.
Conv
e
nt
i
onal a
nd Onl
ine T
ic
ket Res
ervatio
ns
Conve
ntion
al
t
ic
ket
rese
rv
at
i
on
s
m
ean
that
passe
ng
e
rs
a
re
require
d
to
visi
t
ti
cket
co
un
te
r
s
in
ai
r
ports
or
oth
e
r
a
utho
rised
par
ti
es
[
11
]
.
D
ur
in
g
t
hi
s
process,
pas
sen
ger
s
will
fill
in
a
form
(o
r
the
sta
f
f
will
help
passe
ng
e
rs
fill
in
the
form
)
reg
a
rd
i
ng
t
heir
per
s
onal
data
.
Passen
ge
rs
then
i
nfor
m
the
sta
ff
re
gardi
ng
t
he
dep
a
rtu
re
an
d
a
rr
ival
ti
m
e
and
place.
A
fter
th
at
,
the
sta
ff
pro
ceeds
the
reservat
ion
a
nd
pri
nt
ou
t
the
ti
cket
or
th
e
bookin
g
ref
e
re
nce
sta
ti
ng
tra
ns
act
io
n
num
ber
s
a
nd
detai
ls
of
flig
ht
sc
hedules.
Me
an
wh
il
e,
onli
ne
ti
cket
reservat
io
ns
ca
n
be
com
plete
d
by
visin
g
relat
ed
we
bs
it
es
or
by
usi
ng
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
for
t
ic
ket
reservat
i
on
s
[
15
]
,
and p
as
sen
ge
rs
n
ee
d
to
f
il
l i
n
t
he
f
orm
o
nline.
Passe
ng
e
rs
se
arch
an
d
sel
ect
the tim
e and
the f
li
gh
t
destin
at
ion
.
Af
te
r
passe
nge
rs co
nfi
rm
the
bookin
g,
th
e
bookin
g
ref
e
rence
will
be se
nt
to
their
em
ai
l. Th
e
fl
ow
c
ha
rt
of
bot
h
conve
ntion
al
a
nd onli
ne
ti
c
ke
t reser
vatio
n
ca
n be see
n
i
n
Fi
gure
1.
S
t
a
r
t
Se
l
e
c
t
D
e
p
a
r
t
u
r
e
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
O
p
e
n
W
e
b
s
i
t
e
/
A
p
p
s
G
o
t
o
L
o
c
ke
t
Fo
u
n
d
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
F
o
u
n
d
Se
l
e
c
t
D
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
I
n
s
e
r
t
P
a
s
s
e
n
g
e
r
D
a
t
a
C
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
No
m
o
r
e
P
a
y
m
e
n
t
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
T
i
c
ke
t
/
Bo
o
ki
n
g
Re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Re
c
e
i
ve
E
m
a
i
l
w
i
t
h
Bo
o
ki
n
g
Re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
A
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
Fi
n
i
s
h
Y
es
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
es
No
No
No
No
No
Y
es
L
o
c
k
et
T
i
c
k
et
i
n
g
O
n
l
i
n
e
T
i
c
k
et
i
n
g
L
o
c
k
et
T
i
c
k
et
i
n
g
O
n
l
i
n
e
T
i
c
k
et
i
n
g
Figure
1. Flo
w
char
t
of co
n
ve
ntion
al
a
nd
onli
ne
ti
cket re
ser
vations
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Airl
ine ti
cket
reservatio
n usin
g
NFC
-
base
d
s
ing
le
ide
ntit
y
(
Mi
kha
el
B
ag
us Ren
ardi
)
387
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND A
N
ALYSIS
By
app
ly
in
g
S
I,
e
ver
y
piece
of
data
of
pa
s
sen
ger
s
an
d
fa
m
ily
m
e
m
ber
s
can
be
retrie
ve
d
from
the
database
.
I
n
purc
hasin
g
ti
ck
et
s,
w
he
n
pa
ss
eng
e
rs
i
nput
t
heir
data,
t
hey
are
require
d
t
o
sel
ect
their
fam
i
ly
m
e
m
ber
s
w
ho
w
il
l
al
so
be
re
gistered
.
Ma
nu
al
data
inpu
t
is no
t use
d
as
al
l t
he
data u
ti
li
sed
are drawn f
r
om
the
database
.
Hen
c
e,
the
re
dunda
ncy
can
be
m
i
nim
ise
d.
Additi
on
al
ly
,
pa
ssen
ger
s
are
not
re
qu
i
red
to
e
nter
thei
r
data
re
peate
dly
as
the
data
ha
ve
bee
n
sto
re
d
in
t
he
databas
e.
A
nothe
r
m
erit
is
that
pas
se
ng
e
rs
do
not
ne
ed
t
o
con
ce
r
n
in
cas
e they f
orget
or do
no
t
know t
he pers
onal
d
at
a of their
f
am
ily
m
e
m
ber
s.
The
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
SI
c
an
al
s
o
im
pr
ove
da
ta
secu
rity
.
As
the
data
a
re
i
ndexe
d
i
n
a
Sin
gle
I
de
ntit
y
Nu
m
ber
(
SIN)
,
their
use
can
be
m
on
it
or
e
d.
An
unaut
ho
rised
usa
ge
ca
n
al
so
be
detect
ed
as
the
syst
e
m
is
integrate
d
with
the
dem
ographic
database
.
A
no
t
her
im
pr
ov
e
m
ent
in
te
rm
s
of
data
sec
ur
it
y
is
in
the
tra
ns
a
ct
ion.
The
t
ran
s
act
io
n
t
hat
is
e
xec
uted
with
the
appr
ov
al
of
t
he
acco
unt
cre
a
te
d
by
S
IN
wi
ll
be
a
ble
t
o
preve
nt
anonym
i
ty
. The transacti
on wi
ll
b
e save
d
al
ong wit
h pa
ssen
ger
s
’
i
den
ti
ti
es who d
o
t
ran
sa
ct
ion
s.
3.1.
Un
derl
ying
C
on
cep
t of Airl
ine T
ic
ke
t
R
eserv
ati
on
Sy
s
tem
Usin
g Si
ng
le
I
dent
i
t
y
Airline
ti
cket
r
eserv
at
io
ns
usi
ng
S
I
(e
-
KTP)
can
be
c
om
pleted
us
i
ng
both
a
uto
m
at
ic
ti
cket
ing
m
achine
s
and
onli
ne
sys
tem
s
as
can
be
seen
in
Fig
ure
2.
Pa
ssen
ge
r
s
first
acce
ss
t
he
syst
em
and
sel
ect
dep
a
rtu
re
an
d
arr
ival
desti
nations.
T
he
n,
t
he
y
are
require
d
to
ta
p
t
heir
e
-
K
TP
on
a
m
achine
or
a
sm
artphon
e
,
s
o
that
t
he
syst
e
m
can r
et
rie
ve
al
l
relat
ed
d
at
a
c
onta
ined
i
n
t
he
e
-
KT
P.
A
fter
that, passe
ngers
m
ay
pr
ocee
d
to selec
t
the
na
m
es of
the
passe
ng
e
rs
re
gistered
in
the
Fam
il
y
Ca
rd
.
Passe
ng
e
rs
then
ne
ed
to
c
onfirm
the
detai
ls
of
the
rese
r
va
ti
on
s
and
m
ake
a
pa
ym
ent.
In
ad
di
ti
on
,
t
he
booki
ng
re
fer
e
nce
c
an
be
ei
the
r
pri
nted
ou
t
or
st
or
e
d
i
n
the
N
F
C
ta
g
and
/
or in t
he N
FC d
e
vice. Ret
rieve
d data wil
l com
pr
ise
ide
ntit
y nu
m
ber
s, t
hu
s
, th
ey
repr
esent
passe
ng
e
r data
.
Figure
2. Flo
w
char
t
of the
ap
plica
ti
on
of S
I i
n
the ai
rline ti
cketi
ng r
ese
r
va
ti
on
syst
em
3.2.
Airl
ine T
ic
ket
Re
serv
at
i
on
Usin
g N
FC
-
B
as
ed
Sin
gle Ide
nt
it
y
A
no
t
her
a
dva
ntage
of
us
i
ng
SI
is
an
i
ncrea
se
in
the
tra
ns
act
io
n
sp
e
ed
.
Tim
e
req
uire
d
f
or
ti
c
ket
reservat
io
ns
vi
a
ti
cket
cou
nt
ers
an
d
onli
ne
is
diff
e
ren
t,
resu
lt
in
g
in
diff
e
re
nt
cal
cu
la
ti
on
s.
Re
ga
r
ding
reservat
io
ns
i
n
ti
cket
co
un
te
r
s,
there
is
a
ti
m
e
var
ia
b
le
nee
de
d
by
passe
ng
e
r
s
to
get
t
o
the
c
ounters
,
wh
il
e
on
li
ne
reservat
io
ns
do
not
require
su
c
h
var
ia
bles.
M
or
e
over,
data
i
nput
i
n
ti
cket
c
ounters
is
done
by
t
he
releva
nt
sta
ff,
wh
e
reas p
asse
ng
e
rs
a
re r
eq
ui
red
to
e
nter
the
ir
data b
y
them
sel
ves.
W
hile
m
aking
a
pa
ym
ent
in
ti
cket counters
can
be
c
om
pleted
by
cas
h,
debi
t,
or
cre
dit
car
ds
;
onli
ne
rese
r
vations
re
qu
i
re
passe
ng
e
rs
to
purc
hase
us
in
g
onli
ne
paym
ents.
Als
o,
passe
ngers
receive
a
pr
int
ed
bookin
g
re
fer
e
nce
directl
y
from
the
sta
ff
i
n
ti
cket
c
ounte
rs
wh
e
reas
i
n on
li
ne reser
vatio
ns, bo
ok
i
ng r
e
fere
nce is se
nt t
o passe
ng
e
rs
’
em
ai
l.
To
do
tra
ns
act
ion
s
,
the
re
are
var
ia
bles
infl
ue
ncin
g
the
tra
nsa
ct
ion
s
peed
:
the
tim
e
req
uir
ed
to
get
to
counters
(
T
go
),
the
tim
e
requi
red
to
sel
ect
ar
rival
a
nd
de
part
ur
e
destinat
io
ns
,
an
d
ar
rival
an
d
de
par
t
ur
e
date
s
(arrival
a
nd
de
par
t
ur
e
f
or
a
round
t
rip)
a
nd
ot
her
a
ddit
ion
al
inf
or
m
at
ion
(T
f
ill
f
orm
),
the
ti
m
e
re
qu
ir
ed
to
ret
rieve
fligh
t
sc
hedule
s
(
T
schedule
),
t
he
ti
m
e
req
uire
d
to
i
nput
passe
ng
e
r
data
acc
ordi
ng
to
th
e
nu
m
ber
of
passe
ng
e
rs
(N2T
input
),
the
t
i
m
e
require
d
t
o
ta
p
the
e
-
K
TP
(Tt
ap
),
the
ti
m
e
require
d
to
se
nd
data
th
rou
gh
the
i
ntern
et
(T
s
ubmit
)
,
the
ti
m
e
req
ui
r
ed
f
or
pa
ym
ent
s
(
T
pa
y
),
the
ti
m
e
require
d
to
co
nfi
rm
reservat
ions
(T
con
f
irm
),
the
ti
m
e
req
ui
red
t
o
receive
t
he
bo
ok
i
ng
re
fer
e
nc
e
(T
receive
).
T
he
us
e
of
sel
f
-
ser
vice
ti
cketi
ng
m
achines
m
ay
su
bst
it
ute
the
r
ole
of
hu
m
ans (i
n t
his
case,
ai
rpo
rt
sta
ff
)
in
ti
cket
reservat
io
n sy
s
tem
s, so
t
hat
th
e
cal
culat
ion
f
or
rese
rv
at
i
on
syst
e
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
3
84
–
391
388
in
bo
t
h
ti
cket
counters
a
nd
onli
ne
can
be
sta
nd
a
r
dised.
In
gen
e
ral,
to
cal
culat
e
the
ti
m
e
ne
ede
d
to
pu
r
chase
ti
ckets v
ia
m
ac
hin
es
and
onli
ne
, th
e
f
or
m
ula is:
T
reservation
= T
go/
access
+ T
f
ill
f
orm
+ T
schedule
+ [(
T
Id
+ T
nam
e
)
x N] + T
conf
irm
+ T
su
bmit
+ T
pa
y
+ T
pr
int/send
(1)
Th
us
,
T
reservation
= T
go/
access
+ T
f
ill
f
orm
+ T
schedule
+ (2T
input
x
N
)
+
T
c
onf
irm
+ T
sub
m
it
+
T
pa
y
+ T
print/send
(2)
T
go
dep
e
nds
on
both
passe
ngers
’
init
ia
l
posit
ion
s
a
nd
the
locat
io
ns
of
ti
cket
co
un
t
ers,
th
us
,
it
s
cal
culat
ion
is
ov
e
rlo
oked
.
T
he
process
of
filt
ering
flig
ht
sche
du
le
s
re
qu
i
res
se
ver
al
pa
ram
et
ers,
that
is,
dep
a
rtu
re
dates
,
de
pa
rtu
re
places,
a
nd
ret
urn
dates
(f
or
a
rou
nd
trip
).
Data
input
ca
n
be
co
m
ple
te
d
by
sea
rch
i
ng
and
sel
ect
in
g
r
el
evan
t
data,
he
nce,
the
tim
e
re
qu
i
red
to
c
om
plete
passe
ng
e
rs
’
pr
e
fer
e
nces
re
gardin
g
flig
ht
sche
du
le
s ca
n be
ob
ta
ine
d by
m
ul
ti
plyi
ng
the
total
am
ou
nt
of
data an
d
t
he
t
i
m
e n
eede
d
to
s
el
ect
T
select
.
T
f
ill
f
orm
= M x T
select
(3)
The t
im
e
req
uired
t
o se
nd
dat
a
an
d recei
ve t
hem
reli
es
on
t
he i
nter
net
acc
ess
an
d t
he
ser
ver,
so
in
thi
s
cal
culat
ion
,
T
access
,
T
schedule
and
T
submit
are
om
itted.
T
he
f
or
m
ula
us
ed
t
o
cal
cu
la
te
the
tim
e
need
ed
f
or
purc
ha
sing
ti
ckets v
ia
self
-
serv
ic
e ti
c
ketin
g
m
achines a
nd
on
li
ne
is:
T
reservation
= T
f
illf
orm
+ (2
T
input
x N)
+
T
con
f
irm
+ T
pa
y
+ T
print/sen
d
(4)
Using
t
he
e
-
K
TP
by
ta
ppin
g
it
on
a
m
achine
or
a
sm
artphon
e
re
quires
ti
m
e,
that
is,
T
tap
.
N
FC
has
t
he
abil
it
y
to
rea
d
data
f
ast
er,
res
ulti
ng
in
le
ss
t
i
m
e
need
e
d
i
n
the
process
of
read
i
ng
data.
Howe
ver,
on
e
of
t
he
po
s
sible
c
onstr
ai
nts
is
that
t
he
e
-
KTP
sho
uld
be
ta
pped
ri
ght
on
the
chi
p
t
ha
t
will
help
rea
d
th
e
NF
C
ta
g,
an
d
the
posit
io
n
of
the
e
-
K
TP
s
houl
d
be
wi
thin
that
distance.
Hen
ce
,
a
lo
nger
ti
m
e
m
igh
t
be
nee
ded
due
to
t
he
po
sit
io
ning
of
e
-
KT
P.
T
he
ti
m
e
require
d
to
rea
d
the
NF
C
ta
g
(e
-
KTP)
i
s
us
ually
le
ss
t
hen
one
(
1)
se
cond,
wh
e
reas
t
he
ti
m
e
req
ui
red
t
o
posit
ion
t
he
N
FC
ta
g
is
ar
ou
nd
2
-
3
seco
nds
.
The
refo
re,
th
e
total
am
ou
nt
of
ti
m
e
need
e
d
t
o read
the NFC
tag
is:
T
tap
= T
read
+ T
positionin
g
(5)
Using t
he
(
3),
(
4), (5
)
e
qu
at
io
ns
, t
he
cal
c
ulati
on
of ti
cket
re
serv
at
io
ns uti
li
sing SI
in
t
he
e
-
KT
P is:
T
reservation
= (M x
T
select
)
+
(
T
rea
d
+ T
positioning
)
+ (
2T
input
x N) +
T
conf
irm
+ T
pa
y
+ T
print/send
(6)
As
the
process
of
data
in
pu
t
su
c
h
as,
passe
ng
e
rs
’
nam
es
and
i
den
ti
ti
es
can
be
done
si
m
ul
ta
neo
usl
y,
the
tim
e
2T
input
(T
Id
+
T
nam
e
)
can
be
cal
c
ulate
d
once,
t
hus,
the
tim
e
req
uir
ed
only
de
pends
on
the
num
ber
of
passe
ng
e
rs. T
he
for
m
ula is:
T
reservation
= (M x
T
select
)
+
(
T
rea
d
+ T
positioning
)
+ N
+
T
conf
irm
+
T
pa
y
+ T
print/sen
d
(7)
The
ass
um
ption
re
ga
rd
i
ng
t
he
com
par
iso
n
of
the
tim
e
need
e
d
by
fou
r
(
4)
ti
cket
rese
rv
at
i
on
m
et
ho
ds
,
that
is,
ti
c
ket
c
ounters
or
a
ut
om
at
ic
ti
cketi
ng
m
achines
a
nd
on
li
ne;
an
d
the
com
par
iso
n
of
these
m
et
ho
d
with
and w
it
ho
ut S
I c
an be see
n
i
n Table
1.
Table
1.
Assu
m
pt
ion
reg
a
r
din
g t
he
c
om
par
ison o
f
t
he
ti
m
e
n
ee
ded b
y t
ic
ke
t reser
vatio
n m
et
ho
ds (in
se
conds
)
Without
SI (e
-
K
TP)
With
SI
(e
-
K
T
P)
Machin
e
On
lin
e
Machin
e
On
lin
e
T
s
elec
t
5
5
5
5
T
r
ea
d
0
0
1
1
T
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
0
0
4
4
T
co
n
f
ir
m
20
20
20
20
T
p
a
y
90
90
90
90
T
p
r
in
t/s
e
n
d
10
20
5
20
T
in
p
u
t
20
20
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
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c Eng &
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p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Airl
ine ti
cket
reservatio
n usin
g
NFC
-
base
d
s
ing
le
ide
ntit
y
(
Mi
kha
el
B
ag
us Ren
ardi
)
389
The
res
ults
of
us
in
g
t
he
(
6)
a
nd
(
7)
e
quat
io
ns
t
o
cal
c
ulate
the
c
om
par
iso
n
of
the
ti
m
e
req
ui
red
by
the
four (
4) ti
cket r
eserv
at
io
n
m
et
hods
can
b
e
se
en
in
Fig
ure
3.
Figure
3.
Com
par
is
on of tim
e
r
e
qu
ire
d f
or
ti
cket
rese
r
vatio
ns
The
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
SI
in
ti
ck
et
reservat
io
n
syst
e
m
s
us
ing
m
achines
or
onli
ne
m
ay
le
ad
to
t
he
ti
m
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
up t
o
al
m
os
t 50
%
. T
he fig
ur
e
sho
wing the
ef
fici
ency can
b
e
se
en
in
Fig
ure
4.
Figure
4. Tim
e
eff
ic
ie
nc
y l
ev
el
tow
a
rd
s
the
nu
m
ber
of p
a
ss
eng
e
rs
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
stu
dy
ai
m
s
at
i
m
ple
m
entin
g
SI
i
n
ai
rline
ti
cket
reservat
ion
s
.
T
his
im
ple
m
entat
ion
is
to
reduce
th
e
redu
nd
a
ncy
ca
us
e
d
by
t
he
sa
m
e
data
or
di
fferent w
riti
ngs for
t
he
sam
e
data.
By
us
i
ng
SI
n
um
ber
s,
al
l
re
sident
data
at
ta
che
d
i
n
t
he
sam
e
Fa
m
ily
Ca
rd
can
be
retrieve
d.
F
a
m
ily
data
retrieved
f
r
om
the
database
ca
n
be
util
ise
d
to
purc
hase
ai
r
plane
ti
ckets.
An
i
nd
i
vidual
m
igh
t
no
t
m
e
m
or
ise
his/her
own
S
I
num
ber
s
an
d
his/
her
fam
i
ly
m
e
m
ber
s’
S
I
num
ber
s.
T
her
e
f
or
e
,
one
does
not
nee
d
to
co
nc
ern
i
f
he/s
he
forg
et
s
t
h
e
ot
her
fam
i
ly
m
e
m
ber
s’
S
I
nu
m
ber
s
.
A
dd
i
ti
on
al
ly
,
the
ap
plica
ti
on
of
S
I
can
al
so
s
pee
d
up
the
tra
ns
a
ct
ion
proce
ss
a
nd
im
pr
ove
th
e
data
us
a
ge
secu
rity
.
On
e
of
the
dr
a
wb
ac
ks
of
t
his
im
ple
m
entat
ion
is
that
ti
ckets
cannot
be
purc
ha
sed
by
an
in
di
vidua
l
who
is
not
a
m
e
m
ber
of
of
th
e
fam
il
y,
su
ch
as
tra
vel
a
ge
nts.
F
urt
he
r
rese
a
rch
m
ay
discu
ss
validat
io
n
m
et
hods
su
c
h
as,
PIN
or
f
in
gerp
rint m
i
gh
t
be re
qu
ire
d t
o
e
nsure
t
hat
the e
-
KTP i
s
only
u
se
d by the
own
e
r.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Co
mpariso
n of tim
e
required
fo
r
tic
ket
reserv
ations
Mac
h
i
ne
withou
t SI
Onl
i
ne
w
i
thout SI
Mac
h
i
ne
with S
I
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
The Impact
o
f SI in
terms
o
f Tim
e
Efficie
ncy
Rese
r
va
t
i
on u
s
i
ng mac
hines
Rese
r
va
t
i
on u
s
i
ng onl
i
ne
s
yste
ms
Tim
e(s)
Number
of
P
as
s
enger
(
s
)
Degree o
f effi
c
i
enc
y
Number
of
P
as
s
enger
(
s
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
3
84
–
391
390
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
tha
nk
Mi
ni
stry
of
Re
sea
rc
h,
Tec
hnology
and
Higher
E
ducat
ion
of
the
Re
public
of
Ind
on
e
sia
a
nd
Ba
ndung
I
ns
ti
tute
of
Tec
hnol
og
y
for
the
res
earch
f
unding
t
hro
ugh
Pe
nelit
ia
n
Te
rap
a
n
Unggulan
Per
guru
a
n Ti
nggi
2018.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
R.
W
.
Ded
y
,
"M
iddl
ewa
r
e
Ar
chi
t
ec
tur
e
For
Nat
io
nal
Elec
tron
ic
I
D
Card:
Th
e
Cas
e
of
E
-
KTP
In
In
donesia
",
Journa
l
of
Theo
ret
ic
al
a
nd
Applied Information
Techno
lo
gy
,
vo
l. 61, pp. 6
70
-
674,
Mar
ch
2
014.
[2]
S.
Tr
i
y
uni
,
"The
D
y
namic
of
e
-
KTP
Evaluation
Program
in
DK
I
Jaka
rta
"
,
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Admini
strati
ve
Sci
en
ce
&
Or
ga
nizati
on
,
vol. 20, pp. 90
-
97,
Ma
y
2013.
[3]
S
y
aru
ddin
,
et
al.,
"P
olic
y
Im
plem
ent
at
ion
of
Public
Serv
ice
De
par
tment
Civ
il
i
a
n
Populat
ion
an
d
Notes
District
Mera
uke",
Journ
al
of
Re
s
earc
h
in
Hum
anit
ie
s and
Soci
a
l
S
ci
en
ce
,
vol.
3
,
pp
.
8
-
12
,
2015.
[4]
M.
R.
W
agh
e,
P.
A.
Pawar
,
S.
N.
Bhad
ane,
"U
se
of
NF
C
T
echnolog
y
In
E
lec
tr
onic
T
ic
k
et
Sy
stem
For
Publi
c
Tra
nsport",
Inte
r
nati
onal Journal
Of
Eng
ineering
And
Computer
S
ci
en
ce
,
vol
.
3
,
p
p.
5273
-
5274
,
A
pril
2014
.
[5]
M.
A.
Ali,
"A
n
Innova
ti
v
e
Approac
h
for
E
-
Gove
rm
ent
Tra
nsfor
m
at
ion",
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
Managing
Va
l
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M.
A.
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,
F.
Mu
hamm
ad,
Q.
Jam
ee
l
,
“
A
gov
erment
fr
amework
to
addr
ess
id
ent
i
t
y
,
trust
and
se
cur
ity
in
e
-
gov
erment
:
The
ca
se
of
UA
E
id
ent
i
t
y
m
anagem
ent
infr
astru
ct
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”,
Europea
n
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K.
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Y.F.
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in,
"El
e
ct
roni
c
Ti
ck
et
in
g
in
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n
e
In
dustrie
s
Am
ong
Mal
a
y
si
ans:
T
he
Dete
rm
ina
nts",
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of Buss
ine
ss
and
Soci
a
l
S
ci
e
nce
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[8]
M.
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ak,
"D
ri
ver
s
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Inh
ibi
to
rs
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e
T
ic
k
et
ing
i
n
C
ivi
l
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ion
Sec
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phine
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a,
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-
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t
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New
W
ay
of
Bu
y
ing
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ic
ke
t
s:
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sian
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ce
pt
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Journ
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al
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K.
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"The
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pac
t
of
E
-
Ticke
t
ing
T
echnique
on
Custo
m
er
Sati
sfac
t
ion
:
An E
m
piri
cal
A
naly
s
is",
Journal
of
In
formation
S
yste
m and
T
ec
hn
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eme
nt
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S.
W
a
y
an,
"A
p
pli
c
at
ion
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ar
Fiel
d
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
T
ec
hn
olog
y
fo
r
Mobi
le
Airl
ine
Ti
ck
et
ing",
Journal
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Computer
Scien
ce
,
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35
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1243,
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C.
Kevin
,
M.
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m
anda
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M.
G.
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onor,
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r
Field
Com
m
unic
at
io
n",
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
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lect
rical
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Computer
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ering
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[13]
B.
C.
Ugo,
et
al.,
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ob
ile
Ticke
ti
ng
W
it
h
NF
C
Mana
gement
for
Tra
nsport
Com
pani
es:
Probl
ems
and
Soluti
ons"
,
Pape
r
present
ed
at:
CATT
ID
(
Cent
re
for
Appl
i
c
ati
on
of
Tele
ser
vi
c
es
and
Techn
ologi
es
for
Inno
vat
ion
in
Digi
ta
l
world)
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nza Univ
ersity of
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me
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[14]
Z.
Dino,
"Im
plem
ent
a
ti
on
Mode
l
for
Ne
ar
Fiel
d
Com
m
unic
at
io
n
in
Cro
at
ion
F
err
y
Ticke
t
ing
Sy
stem"
,
Proc
edia
Engi
ne
ering
,
vol
100,
pp.
1396
-
1
404,
2015
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[15]
G.
Subam
are
kha
,
e
t
al
.
,
"A
ndroid
Applic
a
ti
on
for
Ti
ck
et
Book
ing
and
T
ic
ke
t
Ch
ecking
in
Suburban
Rai
lw
a
y
s"
,
Indi
an
Journal
of
Sc
i
en
ce
and
Techno
lo
gy
,
vo
l. 8, pp. 17
1
-
178,
Janu
ar
y
2
015.
[16]
L.
Mona
li
sa
,
et
al
.
,
"S
ec
u
re
Bus
-
Ti
ck
et
ing
S
y
st
e
m
using
NF
C",
Inte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
Engi
ne
er
ing
R
ese
arch
an
d
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
5
,
pp
.
43
-
45
,
April
2015.
[17]
D.
Sunita,
et
al.,
"N
FC
Based
Technol
og
y
f
or
R
a
il
wa
y
T
ic
ke
ti
ng
S
y
stem"
,
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Computing
an
d
Technol
ogy
,
vo
l. 1, pp. 467
-
469,
Octobe
r
2014
.
[18]
B.
R.
Mikha
el,
et
al
.
,
"Bagga
g
e
Cl
ai
m
in
Airport
U
sing
Nea
r
Fiel
d
Com
m
unic
at
ion",
Indone
sian
Jo
urnal
of
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
Engi
ne
ering
and
Computer
Sc
ie
n
ce
,
vol
.
7
,
pp
.
44
2
-
448,
2017
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[19]
B.
Noor
Choli
s,
et
al.,
"D
evelopi
ng
Elec
troni
c
M
edi
c
al
Rec
ord
B
ase
d
on
NF
C",
Pape
r
presen
te
d
at:
Int
ernati
ona
l
Confe
renc
e
on
C
omputer
Scienc
e
and
Art
if
i
ci
al
In
te
lligen
ce
,
2017
.
[20]
B.
R
.
Mikhael,
e
t
a
l.,
"S
e
cur
ing
Elec
tron
ic
Medi
ca
l
Re
cor
d
in
Nea
r
Fiel
d
Com
m
unicati
on
Us
ing
Adv
anc
ed
En
cr
y
pt
io
n
Standa
rd
(AES)"
,
IOS
Press on
T
ec
hnolog
y
and
Healt
h
Care
,
vo
l
.
26
,
pp
.
357
-
36
2,
2018
.
[21]
H.
M.
Emir,
Kus
pri
y
ant
o
,
B
.
Noo
r
Choli
s,
"M
obile
Pa
y
m
ent
Proto
col
Ta
g
-
to
-
ta
g
Nea
r
Fi
el
d
Com
muni
catio
n
(NF
C)
",
iJ
IM
,
vol
.
6
,
pp
.
34
-
38,
2012
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[22]
H.
M.
Emir
,
e
t
al
.
,
"N
ea
r
Fie
ld
Com
m
unic
at
io
n
(NF
C)
Protocol
Us
ing
ta
g
for
Secur
e
Mobile
Pa
y
m
ent
"
,
Pap
er
presente
d
a
t:
In
t
el
li
g
ent Tec
hnol
ogy
and
I
ts A
pp
l
ic
ati
on
(
SITIA)
Seminar
,
2012
.
[23]
H.
M.
Emir,
et
al
.
,
"Ef
ficien
t
tag
-
to
-
ta
g
Nea
r
Fi
el
d
Com
m
unic
ation
(NF
C)
Proto
col
for
Secur
e
Mobile
Pa
y
m
ent"
,
Pape
r presented
at:
ICICI
-
BME
,
2011.
[24]
S.
Am
arj
eet,
K.
P.
Ramakan
th,
G.
C.
Nag
ara
j
,
“
Empow
eri
ng
E
-
gover
nance
wi
th
E
-
vot
ing”,
Indo
nesian
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
Eng
in
ee
ring a
nd
Comp
ute
r Sc
ie
nc
e
,
v
ol.
12
,
pp
.
1081
-
1086,
2018
.
[25]
A.B.
Haj
ira
B
e,
R.
Balasubram
a
nia
n,
“
Deve
loping a
n
Enh
anc
ed
High
-
Speed
Ke
y
Tra
nsm
ission
(EHSK
T)
Te
chnique
To
Avoid
Fraud
Acti
vity
in
E
-
Co
m
m
erc
e”
,
Indon
esian
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
rica
l
Engin
ee
ring
and
Com
pute
r
Scienc
e
,
v
ol.
12,
pp
.
1187
-
11
94,
2018
.
[26]
Chadra
ka
la,
S.C
.
Li
ng
are
dd
y
,
“
Secur
e
And
Eff
i
c
ie
nt
B
i
-
Dire
ct
io
nal
Prox
y
Re
-
E
ncr
y
p
ti
on
Techn
ique
”
,
Indone
sia
n
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
erin
g
and
Computer
Sci
en
ce
,
vol
.
12
,
pp.
1143
-
1150,
2018.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Airl
ine ti
cket
reservatio
n usin
g
NFC
-
base
d
s
ing
le
ide
ntit
y
(
Mi
kha
el
B
ag
us Ren
ardi
)
391
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Mikhae
l
Bagus
Rena
rdi
was
bor
n
in
Sep
te
m
ber
1991
in
Indon
esia
.
He
r
ecei
ved
his
ba
chelor
'
s
degr
ee
in
Com
p
ute
r
Sci
ence/
Inf
orm
at
ic
s
from
Diponegor
o
Univ
ersity
in
2014
a
nd
recei
ved
his
m
aste
r'
s
d
egr
e
e
in
Com
pute
r
En
gine
er
ing
from
Bandung
Insti
tute
of
Technol
og
y
in
2017
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
cove
r
Im
age
Proce
ss
ing,
Dig
i
ta
l
Medi
ca
l
Re
c
ord,
Mobi
le
Tr
a
nsac
ti
on
,
and
Inform
at
ion
S
y
s
t
em.
Noor
Choli
s
B
asja
ruddin
was
bor
n
on
June
,
1967
,
I
ndonesia
.
He
re
c
ei
ved
th
e
B
.
S.,
M.S.,
and
Ph.D.
degr
ee
s
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
from
Bandung
Instit
ute
of
T
ec
hn
olog
y
at
B
andun
g,
Indone
si
a
in
April
1992,
Oc
to
ber
2002,
and
Oc
tobe
r
2015
r
espe
ct
iv
ely
.
He
is
he
ad
of
Mec
h
at
ron
ic
s
La
bor
at
o
r
y
of
Elec
tri
c
al
De
par
te
m
ent
and
hea
d
of
Dip
loma
IV
Elec
t
ronic
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
St
ud
y
Program
,
Bandung
State
P
ol
y
technic.
Basj
aru
ddin,
Ph.D
re
sea
rch
int
er
ests
are
in
Mec
h
at
ro
nic
s,
Advan
ce
d
Drive
r
As
sistance
S
y
st
ems
(AD
AS
s),
Inte
ll
ig
ent
Tra
nsport
at
ion
S
y
stem
(IT
S),
F
aul
t
Tol
e
ran
ce
S
y
stem Design,
Hum
an
Err
or,
D
epe
ndab
le S
y
st
e
m
,
and
NF
C
Bas
ed
S
y
st
ems
.
Supri
y
ad
i
was
born
on
April
,
1960,
Indone
si
a
.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
the
B.
S.
degr
e
e
in
Elec
tr
ical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Bandung
Inst
it
ut
of
Technol
o
g
y
at
Bandung
i
n
1999,
and
his
M.S.
degr
ee
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
from
Uni
ver
sita
s
Gaj
ah
Mada
(UG
M)
at
Yog
y
ak
art
a
in
2014.
Supri
y
adi,
M.E
ng
rese
a
rch
in
te
r
ests
are
in
Pow
er
Elec
tro
nic
s,
Int
ern
et
o
f
Th
ings,
and
W
ire
le
ss
Pow
er
Tra
nsfer
.
Kus
pri
y
ant
o
wa
s
born
on
Janua
r
y
,
1950,
Indon
esia
.
He
re
ce
iv
e
d
the
B
.
S.
degr
ee
in
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Bandung
Insti
tut
e
of
Technol
o
g
y
in
1974,
and
the
M.S
.
and
Ph
.
D.
d
egr
e
es
in
Autom
at
ic
S
y
st
e
m
from
Univer
si
t
y
of
Sci
ence
an
d
T
ec
hnolog
y
L
i
ll
e
(US
TL
)
a
t
Fr
anc
e
in
1979
and
1981,
r
espe
c
ti
vely
.
He
was
th
e
vice
ch
ai
rm
an
of
Indone
sian
C
ontrol
S
y
st
ems
Societ
y
(ICSS
)
(during
1996
-
19
98).
He
is
chair
m
an
of
Com
puter
Engi
n
eri
ng
Res
ea
rch
Group
Sch
ool
of
Elec
tr
ical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Inform
at
ic
s,
Ban
dung
Instit
u
te
of
Technol
og
y
(20
06
-
2010,
2014
-
n
ow). P
rof.
Dr.
Kus
pri
y
ant
o
res
ea
rch
in
te
rests
are
in
R
ea
l
T
i
m
e
S
y
stem,
Fa
ult
Tol
er
ance
S
y
stem
Design
,
Depe
ndable
S
y
s
t
em,
Com
pute
r
A
rch
itect
ur
e, a
nd
NF
C
Based
S
y
st
ems
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.