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3
D
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Steg
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CC B
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SA
li
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C
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p
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A
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Su
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Ab
d
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C
o
m
p
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ter
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Dep
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t
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lleg
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M
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s
tan
s
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Un
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s
ity
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ag
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r
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m
ail:
s
s
.
aa
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cs
@
u
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m
u
s
tan
s
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ah
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
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n
b
ec
am
e
v
er
y
ea
s
y
an
d
f
ast
with
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
th
e
wo
r
ld
h
as
p
aid
g
r
ea
t
atten
tio
n
t
o
th
e
in
f
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m
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it
co
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s
id
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s
a
m
ajo
r
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
n
ee
d
s
s
af
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way
s
to
tr
a
n
s
m
it
it.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
th
e
in
f
o
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m
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b
ec
am
e
ex
tr
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m
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im
p
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tan
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th
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d
is
co
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o
f
s
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et
in
f
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m
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n
[
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Steg
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a
s
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th
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ity
p
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s
th
at
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id
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f
id
en
tial
in
f
o
r
m
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in
a
d
ig
ital
m
e
d
iu
m
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
9
]
,
wh
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m
ak
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t
h
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attac
k
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d
if
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x
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[
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[
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[
2
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.
T
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d
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d
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[
4
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1
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1
8
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2
3
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2
8
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3
4
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.
Als
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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Vo
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24
,
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2
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an
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[
2
3
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[
2
5
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[
3
3
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[
3
5
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–
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5
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.
T
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s
ec
u
r
ity
ag
ain
s
t
attac
k
s
,
an
d
th
is
is
wh
y
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
in
th
e
v
id
eo
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
a
r
t
o
f
h
i
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ich
p
r
e
v
en
ts
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
h
id
d
en
m
ess
ag
e
[
3
3
]
,
[
4
3
]
,
[
5
1
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
Mo
s
t
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ar
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
es,
with
less
d
is
to
r
tio
n
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
m
ed
iu
m
[
4
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
4
1
]
,
[
5
3
]
–
[
6
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
m
ed
iu
m
,
it
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
lim
ited
s
ec
u
r
ity
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
an
y
lim
ited
m
ed
iu
m
[
1
1
]
,
[
6
1
]
,
[
6
2
]
,
a
ls
o
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
m
eth
o
d
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
etec
t th
e
h
id
d
en
m
ess
ag
e
in
th
e
d
ig
ital m
ed
iu
m
b
y
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
[
4
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
1
]
,
[
6
3
]
,
[
6
4
]
.
Fo
r
all
th
ese
an
d
o
t
h
er
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
a
p
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
em
b
ed
a
s
ec
r
et
tex
t
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
v
id
eo
,
w
h
ich
is
s
en
t
o
v
er
an
u
n
tr
u
s
ted
n
e
two
r
k
.
An
d
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ca
lc
u
latin
g
th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
ce
a
lm
en
t
o
f
s
ec
r
et
tex
t
in
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
v
id
eo
.
T
h
er
e
is
s
elec
tiv
ity
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
f
r
a
m
es
o
f
d
ig
ital
v
id
eo
s
u
itab
ly
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
ly
t
h
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
g
et
a
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
,
th
at
i
s
d
i
f
f
icu
lt to
s
en
s
e
with
th
e
h
u
m
an
ey
e.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
u
s
in
g
a
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
v
id
e
o
co
v
e
r
.
T
h
is
m
ess
ag
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
is
t
o
r
t
th
e
co
v
er
o
f
th
e
v
id
eo
an
d
n
o
t
s
en
s
e
b
y
th
e
h
u
m
an
ey
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
is
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
llo
ws
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
h
i
d
d
en
b
its
in
p
lace
s
,
th
at
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
ttack
er
to
g
u
ess
an
d
ac
c
ess
with
o
u
t
k
n
o
win
g
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
e
s
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
eq
u
ati
o
n
to
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Als
o
,
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
i
d
eo
f
r
am
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
attac
k
er
t
o
r
ea
ch
th
e
v
id
e
o
f
r
a
m
es
s
elec
ted
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
A
d
ig
ital
v
id
eo
is
a
co
llec
tio
n
o
f
au
d
io
s
an
d
im
ag
es.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
m
o
s
t
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
r
elate
d
to
au
d
io
s
an
d
im
ag
e
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
t
o
v
id
eo
to
o
.
Steg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
n
th
e
v
id
eo
is
s
im
ilar
to
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
in
th
e
im
ag
es
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
d
ata
is
h
id
d
e
n
in
e
ac
h
f
r
am
e
o
f
th
e
v
id
eo
[
1
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
[
5
4
]
–
[
5
7
]
,
[
6
5
]
–
[
6
8
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
6
9
]
–
[
7
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
4
3
]
–
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
a
v
id
eo
ar
e
th
e
h
u
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
ar
e
h
id
d
e
n
in
s
id
e
th
e
c
o
v
er
s
[
4
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
[
5
1
]
,
[
5
7
]
,
[
7
8
]
,
[
7
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
an
y
s
m
all
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
g
o
with
o
u
t
n
o
ticed
b
y
th
e
h
u
m
an
ey
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
f
lo
w
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
,
th
e
v
i
d
eo
co
v
er
is
th
en
b
r
o
k
e
n
d
o
wn
in
to
m
an
y
f
r
am
es
an
d
t
h
e
m
ess
ag
e
is
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
s
id
e
th
ese
f
r
am
es.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
is
s
u
e
in
v
id
e
o
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
e
m
b
e
d
d
ed
in
s
id
e
m
u
ltip
le
f
r
a
m
e
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
v
i
d
eo
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
b
ea
r
th
e
lar
g
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
[
1
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
[
5
4
]
–
[
5
7
]
,
[
6
5
]
–
[
6
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
7
0
]
–
[
7
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
B
u
t
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
elec
ts
th
e
b
est
b
its
to
em
b
e
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
it
[
1
1
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
4
7
]
,
[
5
9
]
,
[
6
9
]
,
[
7
6
]
,
[
8
0
]
,
[
8
1
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
th
er
e
a
r
e
two
ty
p
es
o
f
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
in
th
e
v
id
e
o
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
in
th
e
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ain
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ain
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
[
5
9
]
,
[
8
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ain
,
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ir
ec
tly
ch
an
g
es
th
e
p
ix
el
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
id
eo
c
o
v
er
t
o
o
b
tai
n
th
e
d
esi
r
ed
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
teg
an
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
an
d
is
ca
lled
least
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
it
(
L
SB
)
[
1
8
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
[
5
9
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
at
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
ig
h
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
d
ata
em
b
ed
d
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
v
id
eo
p
i
x
el
is
s
elec
ted
in
ad
v
a
n
ce
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
an
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
to
h
id
e
b
y
t
h
e
L
SB
s
o
th
at
it c
an
n
o
t
b
e
v
is
u
al
b
y
h
u
m
an
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
t
h
at
it
is
ea
s
y
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
th
e
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
t
h
ir
d
p
ar
ty
(
t
h
e
attac
k
er
)
ab
le
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
th
e
d
ata
ea
s
ily
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
is
m
eth
o
d
t
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ath
em
atica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
h
i
d
d
en
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
ag
e
o
n
th
e
co
v
er
v
id
eo
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
o
th
at
it
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
th
e
att
ac
k
er
to
f
u
lly
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
m
ess
ag
e.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
with
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
m
eth
o
d
[
7
3
]
,
[
8
2
]
.
S
o
m
e
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
u
s
e
d
L
SB
t
h
e
s
p
a
ti
a
l
d
o
m
a
i
n
t
o
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
m
a
n
y
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
n
s
i
d
e
v
i
d
e
o
s
u
c
h
as
[
1
8
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
[
5
9
]
,
[
7
7
]
t
h
a
t
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
t
o
e
m
b
e
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
i
n
s
i
d
e
a
v
i
d
eo
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
L
SB
w
it
h
a
l
a
y
e
r
o
f
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
att
a
c
k
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
g
e
t
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
c
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
.
I
t w
as
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
t
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at
t
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p
r
o
p
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e
d
a
l
g
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i
t
h
m
w
as
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
w
it
h
t
h
is
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
.
A
l
s
o
,
N
a
r
a
y
a
n
a
n
et
a
l
.
[
6
8
]
an
d
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
8
3
]
–
[
9
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lo
g
is
tic
ch
ao
s
m
ap
to
ch
o
o
s
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
p
ix
els
o
f
v
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f
o
r
em
b
ed
d
in
g
m
ess
ag
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
3
-
2
-
2
L
SB
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
alg
o
r
it
h
m
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
with
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
f
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
an
d
it
was
g
ettin
g
in
lin
e
wi
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
teg
an
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
r
e
s
u
lts
.
Ab
ik
o
y
e
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
V
id
eo
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
u
s
in
g
3
D
d
is
ta
n
ce
ca
lcu
la
to
r
b
a
s
ed
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n
YC
b
C
r
co
lo
r
…
(
E
s
r
a
a
Ja
ffa
r
B
a
ke
r
)
833
Og
u
n
d
o
k
u
n
[
4
8
]
as
well
Sh
an
th
ak
u
m
a
r
i
an
d
Ma
llig
a
[
6
6
]
s
u
g
g
est
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
h
id
in
g
m
ess
ag
e
to
th
e
v
id
eo
u
s
in
g
L
SB
m
atch
in
g
r
e
v
is
i
ted
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
L
SB
MR)
.
T
h
e
r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
b
its
in
th
e
v
id
eo
f
r
am
e
was
s
elec
ted
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
two
s
eq
u
en
ce
p
ix
els.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
th
e
s
h
ar
p
er
e
d
g
e
r
eg
io
n
to
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
m
ess
ag
e,
th
is
led
to
lo
wer
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
r
ate
with
a
lar
g
er
m
ess
ag
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt is
th
e
h
ig
h
er
v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
s
teg
o
-
v
i
d
eo
.
Su
ttich
aiy
a
an
d
So
m
b
atk
ir
ip
a
ib
o
o
n
[
7
1
]
o
f
f
er
ed
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
h
i
d
e
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
s
id
e
co
v
er
v
id
eo
u
s
in
g
L
SB
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
g
g
ested
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
a
c
o
lo
r
d
etec
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
en
h
an
ce
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
with
h
ig
h
er
P
SNR
.
L
ik
ewise,
Ah
m
ad
[
6
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
v
id
e
o
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ze
r
o
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
f
o
r
a
d
ata
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
lo
w
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
it
s
h
o
ws
to
en
h
an
ce
PS
N
R
v
alu
es
wi
th
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Desh
m
u
k
h
an
d
R
ah
an
g
d
ale
[
7
2
]
s
u
g
g
est
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
h
id
e
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
in
th
e
v
id
eo
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
e
n
cr
y
p
ti
o
n
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
SB
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
an
d
less
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
Als
o
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
u
s
with
h
ig
h
s
ec
u
r
ity
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Aswath
et
a
l.
[
7
4
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
o
v
el
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
u
r
in
g
h
id
i
n
g
s
ec
r
et
v
id
eo
in
s
id
e
c
o
v
er
v
id
eo
u
s
in
g
L
SB
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
Ma
p
f
r
am
e
to
h
id
e
th
e
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
b
y
an
ad
d
ed
f
r
am
e
af
te
r
ea
ch
v
id
eo
f
r
am
e
th
at
in
d
icate
d
in
to
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
p
ix
el.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
d
o
u
b
le
s
ec
u
r
e
th
a
n
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Kela
s
h
et
a
l.
[
9
3
]
s
u
g
g
est
ed
h
id
in
g
m
ess
ag
e
in
co
v
er
v
id
e
o
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
h
is
to
g
r
am
f
o
r
co
v
er
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
d
ir
ec
tly
.
T
h
e
p
ix
el
in
ea
ch
v
id
eo
f
r
am
e
d
i
v
id
ed
in
t
o
two
p
ar
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
ig
h
t
p
a
r
t
co
u
n
te
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els
in
th
e
lef
t
p
ar
t.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
u
cc
ee
d
s
to
h
id
e
th
e
b
ig
g
e
r
s
iz
e
o
f
d
ata
an
d
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
d
ata
with
o
u
t
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
attem
p
ted
to
h
id
e
a
m
ess
ag
e
in
v
id
eo
u
s
in
g
m
an
y
m
eth
o
d
s
with
o
u
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
.
B
u
t
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
n
ee
d
to
s
u
g
g
est
n
ew
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
v
id
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s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
u
s
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
an
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
an
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
v
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s
teg
an
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
u
s
in
g
3
D
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
c
o
d
in
g
.
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
M
AT
E
RI
AL
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
o
m
e
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
r
elate
d
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
f
v
id
e
o
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
Als
o
,
th
ese
u
s
ed
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ju
s
tifie
d
.
3
.
1
.
3
D
dis
t
a
nce
ca
lcula
t
o
r
I
n
3
D
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
th
e
le
n
g
th
b
etwe
en
two
p
o
in
ts
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
as
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
lin
e
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
p
o
in
ts
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
lin
e
s
eg
m
en
t
t
h
at
c
o
n
n
ec
t
th
em
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
n
th
e
3
D
s
p
ac
e
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
eir
p
o
s
itio
n
s
(
x
,
y
an
d
z)
ax
es a
n
d
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
p
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
g
eo
m
etr
y
in
t
h
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
p
ac
e
is
u
s
ed
to
h
id
e
m
ess
ag
e
in
to
th
e
v
id
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.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
(
d
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
p
o
in
ts
in
3
D
s
p
ac
e
P1
(
x
1
,
y
1
,
z1
)
an
d
P2
(
x
2
,
y
2
,
z2
)
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
)
is
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
[
9
5
]
a
n
d
[
9
6
]
.
Dis
tan
ce
=
s
q
r
t (
(
Y
Lpix1
–
Y
LPix2
)
2
+(
C
b
LPix1
-
Cb
LPix2
)
2
+
(
C
r
LPix
1
-
Cr
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)
2
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
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l
a
o
f
3
D
d
i
s
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a
n
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e
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s
a
p
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d
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o
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d
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s
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e
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e
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t
w
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l
s
f
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h
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e
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m
p
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n
e
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t
s
(
Y
,
C
b
a
n
d
C
r
)
.
A
s
we
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l
,
t
o
f
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n
d
t
h
e
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tio
n
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w
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h
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r
s
a
v
i
n
g
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n
e
v
e
n
o
r
o
d
d
p
i
x
e
l
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
.
T
h
i
s
f
o
r
m
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l
a
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
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d
i
f
f
i
c
u
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o
f
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h
e
a
t
t
a
c
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e
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t
o
a
cc
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e
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o
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m
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s
s
a
g
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a
n
d
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
wee
n
two
p
o
in
ts
in
3
D
s
p
ac
e
[
9
4
]
3
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
rma
nce
m
ea
s
ures o
f
v
i
deo
s
t
eg
a
no
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ra
ph
y
T
h
e
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
ac
h
iev
ed
to
h
id
e
t
h
e
s
ec
r
e
t
m
ess
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e
in
s
id
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th
e
co
v
e
r
v
i
d
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a
n
d
to
p
r
ev
en
t
t
h
e
attac
k
f
r
o
m
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
h
id
d
e
n
m
ess
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e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
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l
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g
e
d
,
th
is
led
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e
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is
to
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tio
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o
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I
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m
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(
MSE
)
,
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
PS
NR
)
an
d
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
im
ilar
ity
(
SS
I
M)
i
n
d
ex
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
3
1
-
842
834
3
.
2
.
1
.
M
S
E
a
nd
P
SNR
m
ea
s
urem
ent
s
MSE
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
v
i
d
eo
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
T
h
e
MSE
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
v
er
v
i
d
eo
with
o
u
t
m
ess
ag
e
b
its
an
d
co
v
e
r
v
id
e
o
with
m
ess
ag
e
b
its
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
MSE
v
alu
e
is
b
etter
f
o
r
t
h
e
lo
west v
a
lu
e.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
MSE
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
2
)
.
=
1
∑
∑
(
,
−
,
)
2
=
1
=
1
(
2
)
I
n
th
e
(
2
)
,
Si,j=
Steg
o
-
v
id
eo
a
n
d
Yi,
j=
C
o
v
er
v
id
eo
.
T
h
e
two
p
ar
am
eter
s
X
an
d
Y
in
d
icate
d
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
p
ix
els
o
f
v
id
eo
f
r
am
es
f
o
r
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
9
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
MSE
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
teg
o
-
v
i
d
eo
an
d
test
its
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
r
ate.
Als
o
,
PS
N
R
is
n
o
r
m
ally
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
d
ec
ib
els
(
d
B
)
.
PS
NR
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
q
u
ality
f
o
r
v
id
eo
af
ter
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
b
its
.
T
h
e
PS
NR
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
in
(
3
)
.
=
10
10
(
2
)
(
3
)
PS
NR
i
s
o
f
ten
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
d
e
cib
els
(
d
B
)
.
W
h
en
PS
NR
v
alu
e
o
v
er
3
0
d
B
m
ea
n
s
th
at
is
m
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
b
etwe
en
co
v
er
v
i
d
eo
an
d
s
teg
o
-
v
id
eo
.
B
esid
es th
at,
it is
d
if
f
icu
lt f
o
r
h
u
m
an
e
y
es to
d
etec
t th
e
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
[
9
8
]
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
SS
I
M
S
S
I
M
is
a
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
f
i
d
e
l
i
t
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
e
d
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
d
e
l
it
y
o
f
v
i
d
e
o
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
[
9
9
]
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
k
o
n
h
i
g
h
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
s
c
e
n
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
H
VS
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
l
e
n
at
u
r
e
.
SS
I
M
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
v
i
s
u
al
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
b
e
tw
e
e
n
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
v
i
d
e
o
a
n
d
s
te
g
-
v
i
d
e
o
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
,
it
h
a
s
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
it
y
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
[
1
0
0
]
,
[
1
0
1
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
i
t
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
e
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
v
i
d
e
o
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
is
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
t
o
s
e
le
c
t
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
v
i
d
e
o
f
r
a
m
e
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
ep
t
u
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
t
e
g
-
v
i
d
e
o
.
T
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
S
S
I
M
is
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
(
0
,
1
)
,
w
h
e
r
e
i
s
1
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
r
am
e
s
a
r
e
i
d
e
n
ti
c
a
l
[
1
0
2
]
.
SS
I
M
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
is
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
d
b
y
(
4
)
.
(
,
)
=
(
2
+
1
)
(
2
+
2
)
(
2
+
2
+
1
)
(
2
+
2
+
2
)
(
4
)
,
=
,
=
W
h
er
e,
C
1
=0
an
d
C
2
=0
th
en
S
SIM
=Q
;
So
,
Q
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
p
e
cial
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
S
SIM
.
E
v
er
y
B
b
lo
c
k
s
o
f
th
e
v
id
eo
'
s
SS
I
M
i
s
ca
lcu
late
d
an
d
co
m
p
u
ted
t
h
e
m
ea
n
SS
I
M
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
all
v
i
d
e
o
q
u
ality
[
6
5
]
,
[
1
0
3
]
.
3
.
3
.
H
a
s
h
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
a
ttrib
u
te
o
f
an
y
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
A
n
y
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
th
e
attac
k
er
f
r
o
m
a
cc
ess
in
g
th
e
s
ec
r
et
m
ess
ag
e
a
n
d
o
b
tain
in
g
it.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
s
r
an
d
o
m
to
h
id
e
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
its
with
o
r
ig
in
al
v
id
eo
b
its
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
7
5
]
.
T
h
e
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
eq
u
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
is
in
(
5
)
.
=
%
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
k
is
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
h
id
in
g
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
es
in
L
SB
;
p
is
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ea
ch
b
it
in
th
e
v
id
eo
f
r
am
es
;
an
d
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
it
s
f
o
r
L
SB
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
a
r
ian
ce
(
STD)
v
id
eo
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
e
s
a
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
g
en
er
ate
r
an
d
o
m
ly
p
ix
els
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
to
h
id
e
b
its
m
e
s
s
ag
e
in
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
es.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
a
s
tr
o
n
g
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
p
lace
s
an
d
to
h
id
e
b
its
in
th
e
v
id
eo
b
y
th
e
h
ac
k
er
,
wh
ich
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
4.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
p
ar
t
s
:
em
b
ed
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
alg
o
tih
m
.
4
.
1
.
E
m
bedd
i
ng
a
lg
o
rit
hm
E
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
a
r
t
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
is
h
id
d
e
n
in
s
id
e
th
e
v
id
eo
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
s
teg
o
-
v
id
eo
.
T
h
e
STD
v
id
e
o
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
t
h
at
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as f
o
llo
ws:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
V
id
eo
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
u
s
in
g
3
D
d
is
ta
n
ce
ca
lcu
la
to
r
b
a
s
ed
o
n
YC
b
C
r
co
lo
r
…
(
E
s
r
a
a
Ja
ffa
r
B
a
ke
r
)
835
Step
1
:
T
o
s
elec
t th
e
f
r
am
es f
r
o
m
co
v
er
v
id
eo
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
t
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
lo
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
Key
f
r
am
e.
I
n
th
is
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
f
r
am
es a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
t
h
e
b
est v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
v
id
eo
f
r
am
es.
Step
1
-
1
:
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
v
id
eo
t
o
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
f
r
am
es.
Step
1
-
2
:
C
o
n
v
er
t
th
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
la
y
er
s
o
f
th
e
co
v
e
r
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
e
in
t
o
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
Y,
C
b
an
d
C
r
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
b
y
(
5
)
t
o
e
m
b
ed
th
e
m
ess
ag
e.
[
]
=
[
0
.
299
0
.
5
87
0
.
114
−
0
.
169
−
0
.
331
0
.
500
0
.
500
−
0
.
419
−
0
.
081
]
[
]
(
6
)
Step
1
-
3
:
Ap
p
ly
SS
I
M
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
to
th
e
f
r
am
es
b
y
(
4
)
wh
ic
h
h
a
v
e
th
e
lar
g
est
v
alu
e
is
s
elec
ted
to
e
m
b
ed
th
e
m
ess
ag
e.
Step
2
:
Fin
d
p
ix
els to
h
id
e
t
h
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
an
y
s
tep
s
:
Step
2
-
1
:
T
ak
e
h
eig
h
t
(
H)
an
d
wid
th
(
W
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
e
.
Step
2
-
2
:
f
in
d
s
u
m
m
atio
n
f
o
r
f
ir
s
t two
r
o
ws.
Step
2
-
3
:
T
o
s
tar
t w
ith
r
an
d
o
m
p
ix
el
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
:
=
(
)
(
0
.
5
×
(
(
+
)
)
)
<
6
ℎ
=
6
(
The
c
on
di
tion
w
e
s
ta
r
t
in
g
f
r
om
s
ixt
h
l
in
e
a
n
d
a
b
o
v
e
)
Ste
p
2
-
4
:
C
alc
u
la
te
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
(
D
)
b
et
wee
n
tw
o
p
i
x
e
ls
b
y
(
4
)
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
(
Y,
C
b
a
n
d
C
r
)
.
Dis
ta
n
c
e
=
s
q
r
t
(
(
Y
Lpix1
–
Y
LP
i
x2
)
2
+
(
C
b
LP
ix1
-
Cb
LP
ix2
)
2
+
(
C
r
L
P
ix1
-
Cr
LP
ix2
)
2
)
(
7)
Ste
p
2
-
5
:
Fin
d
th
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
(
t
h
r
esh
o
l
d
)
o
f
s
u
m
m
ati
o
n
d
is
ta
n
c
es
b
etwe
e
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tw
o
c
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m
p
o
n
e
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ts
.
Ste
p
2
-
6
:
{
>
(
ℎ
ℎ
)
ℎ
ℎ
<
(
ℎ
ℎ
)
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ
=
Ste
p
3
:
E
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
Ste
p
3
-
1
:
C
alc
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la
te
t
h
e
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
te
x
t
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f
m
ess
a
g
e
s
t
e
g
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
an
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
to
1
6
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its
.
Ste
p
3
-
2
:
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
r
a
m
e
o
f
l
ar
g
est SS
I
M
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n
d
c
o
n
v
er
t
t
o
1
6
b
it
s
.
Ste
p
3
-
3
:
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
St
ar
ti
n
g
v
al
u
e
t
o
1
6
b
i
ts
.
Ste
p
3
-
4
:
Sto
r
e
le
n
g
t
h
,
s
t
ar
ti
n
g
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
r
a
m
e
4
8
b
its
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n
L
SB
o
f
o
d
d
b
y
t
es
o
f
r
o
w
4.
Ste
p
3
-
5
:
R
ep
e
at
s
te
p
3
-
4
wit
h
r
o
ws
(
5
a
n
d
6
)
w
it
h
s
h
i
f
t
2
a
n
d
4
.
Ste
p
3
-
6
:
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
t
ex
t
o
f
m
ess
ag
e
s
te
g
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
t
o
b
its
.
Ste
p
3
-
7
:
I
n
t
h
is
s
tep
,
in
iti
al
s
t
o
r
e
f
r
o
m
s
tar
ti
n
g
l
in
e
i.
e.
(
a
f
t
er
s
i
x
t
h
li
n
es)
,
we
t
ak
e
th
r
ee
li
n
es
t
o
u
s
e
f
i
r
s
t
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
li
n
es
to
f
in
d
th
r
es
h
o
l
d
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
y
(
4
)
a
n
d
t
h
ir
d
l
in
e
t
o
s
av
e
b
its
o
f
th
e
i
te
r
at
io
n
o
f
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
t
ex
t
f
o
r
ele
v
en
ti
m
es
b
y
s
u
b
s
et
L
SB
m
et
h
o
d
b
e
twe
en
o
n
e
b
it
f
r
o
m
t
ex
t
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
wi
t
h
L
SB
f
r
o
m
(
t
h
i
r
d
li
n
e)
.
Ste
p
3
-
8
:
Gen
er
at
e
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
to
h
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
ess
a
g
e
b
y
L
SB
i
n
ea
ch
li
n
e
i
n
th
e
v
i
d
eo
f
r
a
m
es
; w
e
u
s
e
d
h
as
h
f
u
n
ct
io
n
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
b
y
(
5
)
.
4
.
2
.
E
x
t
ra
ct
io
n
a
lg
o
ri
t
hm
T
o
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
ess
ag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
teg
o
-
v
i
d
eo
,
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ich
is
in
r
ev
er
s
e
to
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
is
n
ee
d
e
d
.
I
ts
in
p
u
ts
wer
e
th
e
v
id
e
o
o
f
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
its
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
ess
ag
e.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
ap
p
lied
to
m
an
y
v
id
eo
s
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
em
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
:
Ste
p
1
:
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
v
id
e
o
t
o
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
f
r
a
m
es
.
Ste
p
2
:
R
esto
r
e
4
8
b
i
ts
b
y
L
SB
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
f
r
o
m
r
o
ws
(
4
,
5
,
a
n
d
6
)
a
n
d
t
a
k
e
b
its
o
f
r
e
p
e
at
m
ax
t
h
e
n
c
o
n
v
er
t
to
le
n
g
t
h
,
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
r
a
m
e
a
n
d
s
t
ar
t
in
g
.
Ste
p
3
:
Fro
m
Sta
r
ti
n
g
lo
ca
t
io
n
,
t
a
k
e
t
h
r
ee
li
n
es
t
o
c
al
cu
lat
e
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
f
i
r
s
t
a
n
d
s
e
co
n
d
li
n
es
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
(
4
)
a
n
d
ta
k
e
b
its
b
y
L
SB
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
t
h
i
r
d
lin
e.
Ste
p
4
:
Usi
n
g
th
e
h
as
h
f
u
n
cti
o
n
eq
u
a
ti
o
n
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
i
x
el
t
h
at
u
s
e
d
t
o
h
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
e
s
s
ag
e
i
n
th
e
v
i
d
e
o
f
r
a
m
es
.
Ste
p
5
:
E
x
tr
ac
t
a
ll
te
x
t
o
f
m
ess
a
g
e
s
t
e
g
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
b
i
ts
(
e
le
v
e
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
)
.
Ste
p
6
:
Sele
ct
m
o
s
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
b
its
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
er
t t
o
te
x
t
o
f
m
ess
a
g
e
s
t
e
g
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
3
1
-
842
836
Ste
p
7
:
Dis
p
l
a
y
te
x
t
o
f
m
ess
a
g
e
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
5.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
R
E
SU
L
T
S AN
D
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
o
m
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
n
m
a
n
y
v
id
e
o
s
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
test
s
all
f
r
am
es
in
v
id
eo
s
to
s
elec
t
th
e
b
est
f
r
am
es
in
ea
ch
v
id
e
o
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
SS
I
M
v
alu
e
to
ea
c
h
f
r
am
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
wn
ex
am
p
les
to
f
o
u
r
v
id
e
o
s
ex
p
er
im
en
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
SS
I
M
v
alu
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
s
elec
t
th
e
b
est
f
r
am
es
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
v
id
e
o
s
f
o
r
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
b
a
r
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
id
eo
is
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
ig
h
est
f
r
am
es
SS
I
M
v
alu
e
an
d
th
e
b
est
v
al
u
e
to
s
elec
t.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
SS
I
M
v
alu
es
o
f
v
i
d
eo
f
r
am
es
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
v
id
eo
s
,
th
ese
f
r
am
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
b
es
t
f
iv
e
f
r
am
es
in
ea
ch
v
id
eo
th
at
u
s
ed
to
h
id
e
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
in
it.
B
ased
o
n
[
1
0
0
]
,
th
e
SS
I
M
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
is
ch
ar
t
b
etwe
en
(
0
.
9
8
-
0.
88
)
ar
e
a
cc
ep
tab
le.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
wed
th
e
b
est
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
e
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e
SS
I
M.
T
h
u
s
,
th
ese
f
r
am
es
ar
e
t
h
e
b
est
f
id
el
ity
an
d
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
f
r
a
m
es
in
ea
ch
v
id
eo
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
v
e
r
v
id
eo
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
v
er
ted
f
r
o
m
R
GB
to
Y,
C
b
an
d
C
r
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
r
esp
ec
t
iv
e
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
as
o
n
e
v
id
eo
ex
am
p
le
f
r
o
m
m
an
y
v
id
eo
s
test
ed
in
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
th
e
v
id
eo
f
r
am
es
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
an
d
co
n
v
er
te
d
to
Y,
C
b
an
d
C
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
im
ag
e
s
to
s
elec
t th
e
b
est v
id
eo
f
r
am
es.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
an
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
s
u
itab
le
m
ea
s
u
r
es
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
r
e
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
:
MS
E
,
PS
NR
an
d
SS
I
M.
Th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
.
B
ased
o
n
[
9
8
]
PS
NR
v
alu
es
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
(
5
8
.
7
-
7
0
.
3
)
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
th
at
m
ea
n
s
s
teg
o
-
v
id
eo
ap
p
ea
r
with
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
q
u
ality
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
SS
I
M
v
alu
es f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
v
id
eo
f
r
am
es
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Or
ig
i
n
al
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
e
R
GB
to
Y,
C
b
an
d
C
r
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
wh
er
e
th
e
ch
a
r
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
v
id
eo
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t,
wh
ich
a
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
a
n
d
c
l
ass
i
f
y
PS
NR
v
al
u
e
s
.
L
i
k
e
wi
s
e
,
th
e
M
S
E
v
al
u
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
(
0
.
0
0
3
-
0
.
0
1
6
)
t
h
e
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
p
o
o
r
l
y
d
is
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
n
o
i
s
e
f
o
r
s
t
e
g
o
-
v
i
d
e
o
;
as
i
n
d
i
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s
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9
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a
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et
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[
7
0
]
.
C
o
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s
e
q
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e
n
t
l
y
,
s
t
e
g
o
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v
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as
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el
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n
d
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e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
,
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u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
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c
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.
Al
s
o
,
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n
Fi
g
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r
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4
(
d
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t
o
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o
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p
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M
m
e
as
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r
em
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h
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h
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Fig
u
r
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5
s
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o
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two
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r
am
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e
o
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ig
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at
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if
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ig
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h
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o
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ith
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ig
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ality
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f
i
d
elity
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n
d
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i
g
h
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icien
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
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E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
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4
7
5
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837
Desp
ite
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e
d
if
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icu
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o
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p
r
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o
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ed
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o
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b
y
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i
n
tr
u
d
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et
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teg
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ess
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e
d
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ce
eq
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atio
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a
n
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th
e
b
est s
elec
tio
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d
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h
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lts
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o
r
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PS
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MSE
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d
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I
M)
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if
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ize
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u
r
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4
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R
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(
a)
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b
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(
c)
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M
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d
(
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ar
e
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es b
etwe
en
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SNR
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SIM
(
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b
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
s
teg
o
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v
id
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o
f
r
am
e,
(
a)
o
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ig
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al
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d
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r
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m
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an
d
(
b
)
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te
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s
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o
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r
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m
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6.
CO
NCLU
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O
N
T
h
is
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esear
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was
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t
h
e
s
tan
d
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v
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ith
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m
ess
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its
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to
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ig
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3
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d
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ce
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ac
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h
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o
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o
s
ed
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o
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ith
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lates
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3
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d
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o
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d
o
m
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els
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d
if
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er
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o
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e
u
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e
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ce
eq
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atio
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en
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th
o
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o
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ith
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th
e
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u
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er
to
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t
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g
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ess
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ca
tio
n
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f
th
e
m
ess
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th
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r
am
es.
L
ik
ewise,
it
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s
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e
h
ash
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u
n
ctio
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d
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h
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o
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e
th
e
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o
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s
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ity
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T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
i
th
m
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
id
e
o
f
r
am
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wer
e
s
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ted
u
s
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g
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
im
ilar
ity
(
SS
I
M)
,
wh
ich
h
ad
a
r
o
le
i
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
v
id
eo
q
u
ality
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
was
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
th
e
attac
k
e
r
,
th
at
is
b
y
s
elec
ted
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
am
es
in
ea
ch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
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1
:
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3
1
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838
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id
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h
e
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r
o
p
o
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o
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m
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ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
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r
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r
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MSE
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d
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ig
n
al
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to
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n
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e
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atio
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NR
)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
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d
t
h
e
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lts
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e
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
T
h
ese
m
ea
n
th
e
less
d
is
to
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tio
n
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etwe
en
two
v
id
eo
s
.
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o
,
SS
I
M
u
s
ed
to
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alu
ate
th
e
f
id
elity
o
f
s
teg
o
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v
id
e
o
wit
h
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
v
id
e
o
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
teg
o
-
v
id
e
o
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
b
est
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
er
ce
p
t
u
al
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
an
o
th
er
m
e
d
ia
s
u
ch
as a
u
d
io
.
Als
o
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
with
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
o
m
ain
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
an
k
to
Mu
s
tan
s
ir
iy
ah
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Al
-
Ma
n
s
o
u
r
Un
iv
er
s
ity
C
o
lleg
e
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
T
u
n
Hu
s
s
ein
On
n
an
d
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Ah
m
ad
Dah
lan
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
is
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
wo
r
k
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
wo
r
k
also
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
d
er
Fu
n
d
am
en
tal
R
esear
ch
Gr
an
t Sch
em
e
(
FR
GS/1
/2
0
1
8
/I
C
T
0
1
/UT
M/
0
2
/
4
)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Un
iv
e
r
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
lay
s
ia
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
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b
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l
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a
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