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it
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a
lu
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u
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w
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a
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c
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K
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w
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d
s
:
C
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p
p
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W
ir
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r
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p
Failu
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Dis
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ib
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tio
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s
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p
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2
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In
stit
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rig
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C
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:
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
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I
n
I
n
d
ia,
th
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Hi
g
h
T
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(
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T
)
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
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f
r
a
m
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k
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p
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ter
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w
h
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q
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ir
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d
6
.
5
m
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DT
s
in
elev
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t
h
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P
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Descript
io
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C
r
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p
is
d
y
n
a
m
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
a
m
ater
ial
at
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
an
x
i
et
y
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
tate
o
f
a
k
il
lj
o
y
b
e
n
d
h
as
th
r
ee
p
a
r
ticu
lar
s
ta
g
es
.
T
h
e
cr
ee
p
's
cu
r
v
e
b
en
d
is
ca
lled
cr
ee
p
r
ate.
T
h
e
m
a
in
p
h
ase
o
f
k
illj
o
y
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s
en
t
ial
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er
k
w
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ic
h
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s
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er
w
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el
m
in
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l
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tr
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n
s
ie
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t
wet
b
lan
k
et.
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
d
r
ag
r
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s
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
ts
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
co
u
ld
ca
ll its
o
w
n
m
is
s
h
ap
e
n
i
n
g
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d
DT
s
ar
e
th
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i
m
p
er
ati
v
e
a
n
d
u
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
t
y
p
es
[
1
]
I
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
Me
ch
a
n
ical
a
n
d
E
lectr
ical
P
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
an
L
-
C
y
s
tei
n
e
Ni
co
tin
a
m
id
e
Mo
n
o
h
y
d
r
ate
S
in
g
le
C
r
y
s
tal
o
f
g
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t
h
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d
is
p
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y
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te
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w
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tit
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2
0
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r
e
g
ate
ex
p
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n
s
e
o
f
a
n
u
ti
lit
y
[
2
]
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
to
h
a
v
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
an
d
s
en
s
ib
l
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ap
p
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p
r
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tr
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s
f
o
r
m
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s
(
DT
s
)
f
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g
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v
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g
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to
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y
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en
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m
a
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d
h
i
g
h
er
n
at
u
r
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o
f
li
v
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n
g
[
3
]
.
I
m
p
ac
t
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
its
p
r
o
tectio
n
i
s
f
o
r
b
r
in
g
in
g
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
e
x
p
en
s
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
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n
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
e
d
is
ap
p
o
in
t
m
en
t
r
ate
an
d
co
s
t
o
f
DT
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
b
e
lo
w
.
A
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
b
ip
o
lar
im
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e
u
s
i
n
g
m
ed
ian
f
ilter
[
4
]
th
e
DT
s
ca
n
b
e
less
e
n
ed
b
y
u
ti
lizi
n
g
alu
m
i
n
u
m
w
ir
e
th
a
n
co
p
p
er
w
ir
e
a
s
w
i
n
d
in
g
m
ater
ial.
I
n
a
n
y
ca
s
e,
alu
m
i
n
u
m
w
o
u
n
d
DT
s
is
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
h
ig
h
d
is
ap
p
o
in
t
m
en
t r
ate
in
f
o
r
ce
in
ad
eq
u
ate
ter
r
ito
r
ies
an
d
p
o
o
r
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
f
o
r
h
ig
h
d
is
a
p
p
o
in
t
m
en
t
r
ate
o
f
alu
m
in
u
m
w
o
u
n
d
DT
s
w
h
e
n
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
R
ea
cti
v
e
P
o
w
er
P
r
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g
U
s
i
n
g
Gr
o
u
p
Sear
ch
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
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n
Der
eg
u
la
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E
lectr
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cit
y
Ma
r
k
et
co
p
p
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in
j
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r
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DT
s
ar
e
n
o
t
y
et
u
n
m
i
s
tak
ab
l
y
ca
u
g
h
t
o
n
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
d
escr
ib
ed
th
at
th
e
I
m
p
ac
t
o
f
d
is
tr
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ted
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e
n
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n
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allo
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
it
s
d
ef
e
n
s
e
[
7
]
.
A
n
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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A
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h
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8
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I
n
th
is
p
ap
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ex
p
lain
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b
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R
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P
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Gr
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m
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in
Der
eg
u
la
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E
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Ma
r
k
et
[
9
]
.
P
r
ed
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Dir
ec
t
P
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w
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C
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n
tr
o
l
(
P
DP
C
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f
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n
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D
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Mu
ltil
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v
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I
n
v
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ter
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s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
i
n
[
1
0
]
.
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
teg
r
al
E
s
ti
m
a
to
r
o
f
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Stato
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R
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ce
f
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Dir
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T
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d
u
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Mo
to
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Dr
iv
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d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
.
C
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m
p
ar
is
o
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P
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f
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r
m
an
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s
o
f
I
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Or
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ase
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r
Dr
iv
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p
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ese
n
t
ed
in
[
1
2
]
.
Sen
s
o
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s
C
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n
tr
o
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f
B
L
D
C
Mo
to
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lar
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n
er
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d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
3
]
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
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D
RE
SE
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
C
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p
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is
to
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tio
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f
a
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co
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s
i
s
ten
t
an
x
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n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
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s
ta
n
d
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tate
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in
Fig
u
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e
1
.
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cr
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No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
8
5
–
9
0
.
[8
]
Ka
d
a
li
,
K.S
.
a
n
d
Ra
jaji,
L
.
,
“
A
n
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
th
e
re
m
o
v
a
l
o
f
b
ip
o
lar
im
p
u
lse
n
o
ise
u
sin
g
m
e
d
ian
f
il
ter”
,
In
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Ka
n
n
a
n
,
G
.
,
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
D.
P
.
a
n
d
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
S
.
S
.
,
“
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
P
rici
n
g
Us
in
g
G
ro
u
p
S
e
a
r
c
h
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
in
De
re
g
u
late
d
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
M
a
r
k
e
t”,
In
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(p
p
.
3
0
5
-
3
1
2
).
S
p
rin
g
e
r
In
d
ia,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
G
o
h
,
H.
H.,
A
id
a
,
A
.
,
Lee
,
S
.
S
.
,
S
im
,
S
.
Y.,
&
G
o
h
,
K.
C.
(2
0
1
7
).
P
re
d
ictiv
e
Dire
c
t
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tro
l
(
P
D
P
C)
o
f
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
Du
a
l
-
A
c
ti
v
e
Bri
d
g
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
(D
A
BM
I).
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
8
(4
)
.
[1
1
]
Ch
a
u
d
h
a
ri,
J.
G
.
,
Bo
d
k
h
e
,
S
.
B
.
,
&
Aw
a
re
,
M
.
V
.
(
2
0
1
7
)
.
P
ro
p
o
r
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
teg
ra
l
Esti
m
a
to
r
o
f
th
e
S
tato
r
Re
sista
n
c
e
f
o
r
Dire
c
t
T
o
rq
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
In
d
u
c
t
io
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
8
(4
)
.
[1
2
]
A
z
iri
,
H.,
P
a
tak
o
r,
F
.
A
.
,
S
u
laim
a
n
,
M
.
,
&
S
a
ll
e
h
,
Z.
(2
0
1
7
).
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
In
d
irec
t
F
ield
Orie
n
ted
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r
Driv
e
s
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
8
(4
)
.
[1
3
]
S
u
n
d
a
ra
m
,
A
.
,
&
Ra
m
e
sh
,
G
.
P
.
S
e
n
so
r
les
s
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
BLDC
M
o
to
r
u
si
n
g
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
ler
f
o
r
S
o
lar
p
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
C
sq
u
a
re
sc
ien
ti
fi
c
re
se
a
rc
h
(
IJ
M
S
R),
9
(2
)
.
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