Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
5
56
~
561
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
556
-
561
556
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Dual res
onance e
lement
f
or broad
band
refl
ec
t
arra
y antenn
a
M.
Hashi
m
D
ah
ri
1
, M.
R. K
am
arud
in
2
,
M. H.
Jam
alud
d
in
3
, M. Inam
4
,
S.
Z
. N
.
Z
oo
l
Ambia
5
,
N.
Sh
af
ie
6
1
,3,4,5,6
W
ire
le
ss
C
om
m
unic
at
ion
C
ent
re
(W
CC),
Sc
hool
of El
ec
tr
ica
l
Eng
ine
er
ing,
Univer
siti
T
eknologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia (UTM),
81310
Skudai, Johor
,
Mal
a
y
sia
2
Cent
re
for Elect
ronic
W
arf
are,
I
nform
at
ion
and
C
y
ber
,
Cr
anf
i
el
d
Defe
n
ce
and
Se
cur
ity
,
Cr
anf
ield
Univer
sit
y
,
Defe
nce
Aca
d
e
m
y
of the
Unite
d
Kingdom
,
Shriv
enha
m
,
SN
6
8L
A,
UK
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
2
2
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
3
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
7
, 2
018
A
dual
resona
n
ce
ref
le
c
ta
rr
a
y
unit
cell
e
le
m
en
t
has
bee
n
prop
osed
which
evol
ved
from
a
square
patch
ele
m
ent
to
enha
n
ce
it
s
bandwidt
h
p
erf
orm
anc
e
.
A
bend
in
the
width
of
the
el
e
m
ent
is
used
to
m
odify
i
ts
dimensions
and
surfac
e
cur
r
ent
s
for
broa
dband
oper
ation.
The
re
sults
have
bee
n
ana
l
y
z
ed
i
n
the
fre
quen
c
y
b
a
nd
of
24
G
Hz
to
28
GH
z.
Two
d
iffe
ren
t
combina
ti
ons
of
it
s
dimensions
are
sele
cted
for
the
inve
stigating
of
it
s
var
ious
per
form
anc
e
par
amete
rs
.
A
m
axi
m
um
stat
ic
phase
ran
ge
of
432°
and
255°
have
been
obta
in
ed
with
sele
c
te
d
dimensio
n
s.
The
wide
-
ba
nd
fea
ture
s
of
proposed
unit
ce
l
l
e
le
m
ent
can
be
used
p
arti
cul
ar
l
y
to
d
esig
n
a
bro
adba
nd
ref
lectarr
a
y
ant
enn
a
for
futur
e
fast
comm
unicati
on
s
y
st
ems
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Broa
db
a
nd
Du
al
res
on
a
nc
e
Re
flect
arr
ay
Re
flect
ion
pha
se
Un
it
cell
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Mohd
Haizal
J
a
m
al
ud
din,
W
i
reles C
ommun
ic
at
io
n
Ce
ntre,
Scho
ol of E
le
ct
rical
En
gi
ne
erin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
al
ay
sia
(
UTM),
81310 S
kudai,
Jo
ho
r
,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
: haiza
l
@fke.
utm
.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
A
m
ic
ro
strip
re
flect
arr
ay
a
ntenn
a
co
ns
ist
s o
f
an
a
rr
ay
o
f
pat
ches p
ri
nted
on
a
flat
gro
unde
d
diele
ct
ri
c
su
bst
rate
[
1].
It
re
places
the
par
a
boli
c
ref
l
ect
or
s
a
nd
phased
a
rr
ay
s
by
it
s
low
pro
file
desig
n
a
nd
beam
scan
ning
capa
bili
ti
es
[2
]
.
T
he
desig
n
a
nd
arr
a
ng
em
ent
of
the
patches
on
t
he
ref
le
ct
a
rr
ay
s
urface
re
fer
t
o
pro
vid
e
desire
d
res
ults.
A
re
flect
arr
ay
la
yo
ut
has
bee
n
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
1
with
an
off
set
feed
operat
ion
t
o
ref
le
ct
the
inc
ident
si
gn
al
s
with
a
pla
nar
wav
e
-
f
r
on
t.
T
he
plana
r
wave
-
f
ront
is
requ
ired
for
a
hi
gh
gain
op
e
rati
on
with
low
side
lo
be
le
vel
[3
]
.
Mor
eov
e
r,
it
al
so
def
i
nes
a
wide
op
e
rati
on
al
ra
ng
e
of
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
for
sel
ect
ed
ref
le
c
ta
rr
ay
.
A
n
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
desi
gn
of
it
s
unit
cel
l
el
e
m
ent
is
so
le
ly
resp
onsi
ble
for
it
s
hig
h
perform
ance
operati
on
[4
]
.
Howe
ver,
re
fle
ct
arr
ay
poss
e
s
ses
dra
wb
ac
ks
of
li
m
it
ed
ba
ndwidt
h
a
nd
low
gai
n
perform
ance
[
5].
This
iss
ue
is
even
m
or
e
c
halle
ng
i
ng
at
high
f
reque
nci
es
su
c
h
as
m
illim
e
te
r
wav
e
s
du
e
t
o
sh
ort
er
ope
rati
on
al
wa
velen
gt
hs
[6
]
.
The
ba
ndwidt
h
of
a
r
eflect
arr
ay
can
be
enh
a
nce
d
by
a
wide
-
band
u
nit
cel
l
el
e
m
ent
with
wide
ref
le
c
ti
on
phase
ra
nge
[
7].
Its
gain
dep
e
nds
on
t
he
ref
le
ct
io
n
los
ses
co
nceded
by
it
s
un
it
cel
l
el
em
e
nt.
M
os
t
of
th
e
co
nventio
nal
an
d
l
ow
loss
un
it
cel
l
ref
le
c
ta
rr
ay
el
em
ent
s
su
c
h
as
recta
ngular
and
s
quare
el
e
m
ents
hav
e
lim
i
te
d
r
eflect
ion
ph
a
se
rang
e
with
la
rg
e
ph
a
se
errors
[
8].
Ph
ase
e
rro
r
is
a
ph
e
nom
eno
n w
hich
re
stric
ts an elem
ent to ac
qu
i
re a
fu
ll
r
e
flect
ion
phase s
wing of 360°, wh
ic
h
is essent
ia
l fo
r
a
planar
wa
ve
-
fron
t.
T
his
can
be
el
i
m
inate
d
by
sel
ect
ing
br
oadba
nd
el
em
e
nts
s
uc
h
as
rin
gs
an
d
di
po
le
s
or
a
m
ul
ti
-
resonan
c
e
el
e
m
ent.
A
m
ul
ti
-
resonan
c
e
el
e
m
ent
has
the
abili
ty
to
exten
d
it
s
re
f
le
ct
ion
phase
swi
ng
beyo
nd
a
sin
gl
e
reso
na
nt
frequ
e
ncy.
H
ow
ever,
el
e
m
ents
with
wide
re
flect
ion
phase
ran
ge
a
re
usual
ly
restrict
ed by
hig
h re
fl
ect
ion l
oss pe
rfor
m
ance
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Dual res
onanc
e ele
men
t f
or
broad
band refl
e
ct
ar
ra
y
anten
na
(
M.
H
as
hi
m Dahri
)
557
Figure
1. Re
fle
ct
arr
ay
an
te
nna
d
esi
gn lay
ou
t
Ther
e
f
or
e
i
n
th
is
work,
a d
ual
resona
nce
re
fl
ect
arr
ay
el
em
e
nt
has
bee
n
de
s
ign
e
d
with
wi
de
ref
le
ct
io
n
ph
a
se
range
and
op
ti
m
iz
ed
ref
le
ct
io
n
loss
per
f
or
m
ance.
The
el
e
m
ent
has
evo
l
ved
from
a
sq
uar
e
patch
op
e
rati
ng
in
a
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
rang
e
of
24
GH
z
to
28
GH
z
pr
opo
s
ed
f
or
f
utur
e
fast
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
s
[
9].
A
detai
le
d
pa
r
a
m
et
ric
stud
y
of
the
un
it
cel
l
el
e
m
ent
is
pr
esented
in
[
10]
.
Howe
ver
in
thi
s
pap
e
r,
tw
o
di
ff
e
ren
t
com
bin
at
ion
s
of
le
ngths
a
nd
widths
of
the
e
lem
ent
hav
e
be
en
sel
ect
ed
to
analy
ze
it
s
ref
le
ct
ion
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs
by Finite
I
nte
gral
Met
hod
(FI
M). Th
e c
once
ntrati
on of elect
ric curren
ts
on the surf
ace
of
sel
ect
ed
el
e
m
e
nt h
a
s
al
so
been exa
m
ined
in
relat
ion wit
h i
ts res
onance
p
e
rfo
rm
ance.
2.
DESIG
N CO
NS
I
DER
ATI
ONS
A
square
patc
h
el
e
m
ent
of
fe
rs
a
sing
le
fr
e
q
ue
ncy
operati
on,
in
order
to
extend
it
s
op
e
rati
on
f
or
a
n
extra
r
eso
na
nc
e
requires
a
c
hange
in
it
s
de
sign
c
onfi
gur
at
ion
.
Fi
gure
2
de
picts
the
desig
n
of
t
he
sel
ect
ed
wide
-
ba
nd
ref
l
ect
arr
ay
el
em
e
nt.
It
ca
n
be
se
en
from
Figu
r
e
2
that,
a
bend
in
the
wi
dth
of
th
e
s
quare
pat
ch
has
been
intr
oduce
d
at
the
up
per
rig
ht
co
r
ner.
This
em
bed
de
d
bend
is
us
e
d
to
m
od
ify
the
surface
c
urre
nts
of
sq
ua
re
patch
el
e
m
ent
in
extent
to
ac
hi
eve
an
ext
ra
resona
nce
f
or
ref
le
ct
io
n
ph
a
se
m
od
ific
at
ion
.
Table
1
s
umm
arizes
the
sel
ect
ed
dim
e
ns
ion
s
of
the
un
it
cel
l
el
e
m
ent
with
it
s
reso
na
nt
f
re
qu
e
ncies
w
he
r
e
“d”
represe
nts
the
bend
de
pt
h
(
W2
-
W1).
T
he
first
com
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ensi
on
pro
vid
es
t
wo
resona
nces
at
25
.
7
GH
z
an
d
26.
5
GH
z
,
w
herea
s
ot
her
co
m
bin
at
ion
is
us
e
d
to
com
bin
e
both
res
on
a
nces
at
a
sin
gle
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of 26
GH
z
.
Table
1.
Sele
ct
ed Dim
ension
s
of Br
oa
db
a
nd
Un
it
Cel
l El
em
ent
Para
m
eter
Co
m
b
in
atio
n
1
Co
m
b
in
atio
n
2
d
(
m
m
)
0
.41
0
.24
L1 (
m
m
)
3
.59
3
.58
L2 (
m
m
)
3
.61
3
.59
W
1
(
m
m
)
3
.36
3
.46
W
2
(
m
m
)
3
.77
3
.7
Res
o
n
an
t Fr
eq
u
en
cy
(GHz
)
2
5
.7
26
26
Figure
2. I
nf
i
nite array a
ppr
oa
ch fo
r reflect
ar
ray u
nit cel
l el
e
m
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
5
5
6
–
5
6
1
558
The
m
od
ifie
d
un
it
cel
l
el
em
e
nt
is
t
hen
use
d
as
an
in
finite
r
eflect
arr
ay
el
e
m
ent
with
pro
per
bo
unda
ry
conditi
ons f
or
perform
ance o
pti
m
iz
at
ion
. Th
e H
-
wall
w
a
ve
gu
i
de
sim
ulato
r
ta
ct
ic
as sh
own
in Fi
gure 2
is used
to
exam
ine
the
series
of
res
ults.
The
i
ncid
ent
sign
al
has
been
e
xcite
d
f
ro
m
a
distance
of
a
qu
a
rter
guide
d
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
t
o
acqu
i
re
m
axi
m
um
ref
le
ct
ion
s
.
Ro
ger
s
58
80
di
el
ect
ric
m
at
eri
al
with
a
thic
kness
of
0.256
m
m
i
s
sel
ect
ed
as
substrat
e
due
to
it
s
le
ss
diele
ct
ric
losses
.
T
he
sel
ect
e
d
s
ubstrat
e
t
hick
ne
ss
pr
ov
i
des
a
cl
ea
r
ob
s
er
vation o
f reflect
ar
ray u
ni
t cel
l perfo
rm
a
nce at
th
e
pr
es
cribe
d
f
re
qu
e
nc
y ran
ge.
3.
FOR
M
ATIO
N
O
F TWO
RE
SONANCES
The
re
sona
nt
beh
a
vior
of
a
m
ic
ro
strip
patch
de
pe
nds
on
it
s
el
ect
rical
dim
ension
s
a
nd
the
flo
w
of
current
on
it
s
su
r
face.
As
a
for
e
m
entione
d,
th
e
bend
in
the
width
of
the
s
quare
el
em
ent
has
been
em
bedded
to
form
a
br
oa
db
and
el
em
ent.
The
widt
h
inco
r
porated
bend
pro
vid
es
tw
o
di
ff
e
ren
t
com
bina
ti
on
s
of
le
ng
t
hs
an
d
widths,
w
he
re
each
com
bina
ti
on
is
relat
ed
with
a
si
ngle
resonan
t
frequ
e
ncy
f
or
t
he
unit
cel
l
el
e
m
ent.
Si
m
il
arly
the
c
hange
in
the
dim
ension
s
al
so
m
od
ifie
s
the
su
r
face
curre
nts
(J)
an
d
chang
es
their
directi
on
of
flo
w.
Fi
gure
3
dep
ic
ts
the
s
ur
face
cu
rr
e
nt
fl
ow
f
or
tw
o
sel
ect
ed
com
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ension
s
of
dual
re
s
on
a
nce
el
e
m
ent.
It
can
be
ob
se
r
ved
fr
om
Figu
re
3(
a
)
that,
due
to
a
bend
in
the
widt
h
the
s
urface
cu
rr
e
nt
flow
s
diag
on
al
ly
inst
ead
of
a
c
onve
ntion
al
ver
ti
c
al
flow.
Be
ca
us
e
of
t
his
re
a
son
it
br
ea
ks
into
horizo
ntal
and
ver
ti
cal
com
po
nen
ts
cal
le
d
J
x
and
J
y
resp
ect
ively
.
Additi
on
al
ly
,
su
rf
ace
cu
rr
e
nts
are
al
so
relat
ed
with
in
ci
den
t
el
ect
ric fiel
d
(
E) by t
he rel
at
ion sh
own
in
(1
)
[
11]
.
s
i
n
c
o
s
J
J
J
J
J
E
y
x
(1)
Wh
e
re: σ is
co
nductivit
y o
f p
at
ch,
a
nd θ
is
a
ng
le
of the
f
l
ow
of
surface
curre
nts
(a)
C
om
bin
at
ion
1
(b)
C
om
bin
at
ion
2
Figure
3
.
Flo
w
of s
urface c
urr
ents at re
sona
nt
f
re
qu
e
ncies
of
du
al
res
on
a
nc
e elem
ent
As
sho
wn
is
(
1) shows t
hat, the
ch
an
ge
in s
urface cu
rr
e
nts also
m
od
ifie
s the
elec
tric
f
ie
ld.
More
ov
e
r
,
two
c
om
po
ne
nt
s
of
surfa
ce
c
urren
ts
are
res
pons
i
ble
to
produce
t
wo
di
fferent
values
f
or
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
wh
ic
h
are
relat
ed
wit
h
two
dif
fer
e
nt
resonanc
es.
A
value
of
ze
r
o
for
θ
re
pr
ese
nt
s
J
with
a
dom
inant
Jx
c
om
po
ne
nt,
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
3(b
).
T
his
sing
le
com
ponen
t
of
s
urface
cu
rr
e
nt
com
bin
es
tw
o
res
ona
nces
cl
os
el
y
to
gethe
r
at
a
sing
le
fr
eq
uen
cy
.
T
he
res
ults
relat
ed
to
each
com
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ension
s
of
the
broa
db
a
nd
el
e
m
ent
have
been disc
us
se
d i
n
the
n
e
xt sec
ti
on
.
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
The
sel
ect
ed
broa
db
a
nd
refl
ect
arr
ay
resonan
t
el
em
ent
has
bee
n
anal
yz
ed
us
in
g
in
finite
arr
ay
appr
oach.
Tw
o
diff
e
re
nt
com
bin
at
io
ns
of
dim
ension
s
a
re
te
ste
d
f
or
var
i
ous
re
flect
ion
pa
ram
et
ers.
Re
flect
ion
loss
a
nd
ref
le
ct
ion
ph
ase
cu
rv
es
of
sel
ect
ed
c
om
bin
at
ions
of
dim
ensio
ns
has
been
de
picte
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4.
The
el
em
ent
ban
dwidt
h
has
been
cal
culat
ed
m
ov
in
g
20%
ab
ov
e
t
he
m
a
xim
u
m
loss
va
lue
w
her
ea
s
th
e
sta
ti
c
ph
a
se
range
de
fines
the
li
ne
arit
y
in
the
slo
p
of
re
flect
ion
phase
cu
rv
e
.
It
ha
s
been
observ
e
d
f
ro
m
Figure
4
that,
sel
ect
ed
el
e
m
ent
with
bo
t
h
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ension
s
at
ta
ins
a
ref
le
ct
ion
ph
ase
range
of
m
or
e
than
60
0°
.
T
his
confirm
s
the
du
al
resona
nc
e
respon
se
of
the
broadba
nd
el
e
m
ent.
Figu
re
4(
a
)
de
picts
that,
the tw
o resona
nt freq
ue
ncies
exten
d
the
li
ne
arit
y i
n
the
ref
l
ect
ion
ph
a
se ra
ng
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Dual res
onanc
e ele
men
t f
or
broad
band refl
e
ct
ar
ra
y
anten
na
(
M.
H
as
hi
m Dahri
)
559
(a)
C
om
bin
at
ion
1
(b)
C
om
bin
at
ion
2
Figure
4
.
Re
fle
ct
ion
lo
ss a
nd re
flect
ion
phase
curves
of
broa
db
a
nd elem
ent w
it
h
sel
ect
ed
com
bin
at
ion
s
of
dim
ension
s
On
t
he
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
Fi
gure
4(b)
s
how
s
a
c
om
par
at
ively
nar
r
ow
e
r
sta
ti
c
phase
range
du
e
to
the
s
upe
r
i
m
po
sed
re
son
ances
at
a
sing
le
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
Table
2
su
m
m
arizes
the
per
f
or
m
ance
para
m
et
ers
of
bro
adba
nd
ref
le
ct
ar
ray
el
e
m
ent.
It
ca
n
be
see
n
from
Table
2
t
hat,
t
he
first
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ensio
ns
a
cq
uir
es
le
ss
ref
le
ct
io
n
loss
per
f
orm
ance
as
com
par
ed
to
the
seco
nd
c
om
bin
at
ion
.
T
he
reas
on
be
hin
d
th
at
is
the
higher
su
r
face
c
urre
nt
co
ncen
t
rati
on
of
com
bin
at
ion
2
w
hich
is
19
61
A/m
,
as
co
m
par
ed
to
c
ombinati
on
2.
Th
e
hi
g
h
value
of
surf
ac
e
curre
nts
is
re
sp
onsi
ble
of
di
ssipati
ng
m
or
e energy
into
t
he
substrat
e
re
gion
an
d
escal
at
in
g
th
e
loss
pe
rfor
m
ance.
The
high
loss
pe
r
form
ance
is
al
so
respon
si
ble
of
acq
uiring
a
ste
ep
ref
le
ct
io
n
phas
e
curv
e
wh
ic
h
r
ed
uces
the
el
em
ent
band
wid
th
by
0.22
G
Hz.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
sid
e,
tw
o
se
par
at
e
res
on
a
nces
of
first
com
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ension
s
pro
vid
e
c
om
par
at
ively
wide
r
ba
ndwi
dth
of
0.5
01
G
H
z
an
d
0.4
87
GH
z
.
Additi
on
al
ly
,
t
wo
res
onance
s
al
so
sm
oo
t
h
t
he
sl
op
of
ref
l
ect
ion
phase
c
urve
a
nd
inc
re
ase
the
sta
ti
c
ph
a
se
range
up
to
432°
.
Alte
rn
at
iv
e
ly
,
the
nar
r
ow
bandw
i
dth
of
seco
nd
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
dim
ension
s
al
s
o
at
ta
ins
a
narrow stat
ic
phase
range
of
255°.
Table
2
.
Per
for
m
ance
A
naly
sis
of
Br
oa
db
a
nd
Dual R
eso
na
nc
e Ele
m
ent
Para
m
eter
Co
m
b
in
atio
n
1
Co
m
b
in
atio
n
2
Res
o
n
an
t Fr
eq
u
en
cy
(GHz
)
2
5
.7
2
6
.5
26
Ref
lectio
n
L
o
ss
(
d
B)
1
.58
1
.62
3
.7
Su
rf
ace
Cu
rr
en
t (
A
/
m
)
1126
1240
1961
2
0
% Ban
d
wid
th
(
GHz)
0
.50
1
0
.48
7
0
.22
0
Static Phas
e Ran
g
e
(
°)
432
255
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
AND
F
UT
U
RE CHALL
E
NGES
Tw
o
diff
e
ren
t
com
bin
at
ion
s
of
le
ngths
an
d
widths
hav
e
bee
n
ta
ke
n
into
acc
ount
f
or
a
unit
cel
l
ref
le
ct
ar
ray
el
em
ent
with
be
nd
i
n
it
s
width
t
o
a
naly
ze
it
re
flect
ion
pe
rform
ance.
It
has
been
c
on
cl
ud
e
d
t
hat,
a
conve
ntion
al
sq
ua
re
patch
el
e
m
ent
can
be
exten
ded
t
o
op
e
rate
at
tw
o
dif
fe
ren
t
re
s
on
a
nces
i
n
or
der
t
o
enh
a
nce
it
s
ba
ndwidt
h
perf
orm
ance.
The
f
or
m
at
ion
of
t
wo
res
onanc
es
is
li
nk
e
d
wit
h
th
e
c
hange
in
the
dim
ension
s
an
d
the
surface
current
dist
rib
utions
of
th
e
el
e
m
ent.
The
si
m
ple
design
of
patch
el
em
ent
can
m
ake
it
m
or
e
f
easi
ble
for
the
fu
t
ur
e
fa
br
ic
at
ion
a
nd
m
easurem
ents.
The
broadba
nd
el
em
e
nt
discuss
e
d
in
this
work ca
n be
use
d
to
eli
m
inate
the
ph
a
se er
r
ors fr
om
a f
ull r
eflect
arr
ay
a
ntenn
a
for i
ts b
roadb
a
nd
op
e
rati
on.
The
c
ha
ng
e
in
the
directi
on
of
s
urface
c
urre
nts
of
unit
cel
l
el
em
ent
can
a
ff
ect
t
he
ref
le
c
te
d
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
or
ie
ntati
on.
The
x
an
d
y
com
po
ne
nts
of
s
urface
cur
re
nts
are
relat
ed
to
their
res
pecti
ve
re
flect
ion
po
la
rizat
ion
.
T
his
eff
ect
can
a
lt
er
the
po
la
riz
at
ion
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
ref
le
ct
ar
ray
anten
na
.
More
over,
the
le
akage
currents
can
al
so
be
ge
ner
at
e
d
on
the
el
em
ent
due
t
o
a
c
ha
ng
e
in
t
he
c
urr
ent
distri
bu
ti
ons
f
or
dual
re
sonance
.
The
le
aka
ge
currents
ca
n
affe
ct
a
fu
ll
ref
le
ct
arr
ay
perf
orm
ance
by
pro
du
ci
ng
high
cr
os
s
-
pola
rizat
io
n
le
vel
with
li
m
it
ed
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy.
T
hese
two
m
ajo
r
iss
ues
ca
n
be
c
on
trolle
d
by
desi
gn
i
ng
a
re
flect
arr
ay
ante
nna
with
an
op
ti
m
iz
ed
arr
a
ng
em
ent
of
el
e
m
ents
on
it
s
s
urface.
A
th
oroug
h
in
vestiga
ti
on
on
t
he
des
ign
of
ref
le
ct
ar
ray
is
require
d
in
this
r
e
gard, w
hich i
s und
e
r
c
onsid
erati
o
n as a
pot
entia
l fu
t
ur
e
as
pect.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
5
5
6
–
5
6
1
560
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
proj
ect
is
spon
s
ored
by
the
Mi
nistry
of
E
du
cat
io
n
M
al
ay
sia
,
Mi
nistry
of
Scie
nc
e
Tech
no
l
og
y
and I
nnovat
io
n (MO
STI) a
nd
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
al
ay
sia
und
e
r V
ot 4
J
211, V
ot
03G
33 a
nd Vot
4S1
34.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
J.
Huang and
J.
Enc
in
ar,
“
Refl
e
c
ta
rra
y
an
te
nnas
,
”
New Jerse
y
,
US
A:
Wiley
Inte
r
S
ci
en
ce
,
2007
.
[2]
M.
Ka
y
nak
,
et
al.
,
“
W
ide
-
angle
sca
nning
acti
ve
tra
nsm
it
/rece
ive
ref
l
ec
t
arr
a
y
,
”
IET
Mic
rowaves,
Antennas
&
Propagati
on
,
20
14,
pp
.
811
—
81
8.
[3]
S.
V.
Poleng
a,
et
al
.
,
“
Mill
ime
te
r
-
wave
wave
g
uide
r
efl
e
ctarray
,
”
2015
Inte
rn
ati
onal
S
ibe
rian
Confe
ren
ce
o
n
Control
and
Co
mm
unic
ati
ons,
S
IBCON
2015
-
Proce
ed
ings,
201
5.
[4]
M.
Bozz
i
,
S.
Germ
ani
,
and
L
.
Perre
grini,
“
A
f
igure
of
m
eri
t
f
or
losses
in
print
ed
ref
l
ec
ta
rra
y
el
ements,”
IEEE
Ant
ennas
and
W
irel
ess P
ropagat
ion
Letters
,
2004
,
pp
.
257
—
260
.
[5]
J.
Huang, “
Anal
y
sis of
m
ic
rostri
p
ref
l
ecta
rra
y
an
te
nna
for
m
ic
ros
pac
e
cra
f
t
app
lica
ti
ons,”
report
,
1
995.
[6]
M.
Hashim
Dah
ri,
et
al.
,
“
Perfor
m
anc
e
Inv
esti
ga
ti
on
of
Reflec
ta
r
ra
y
Resonan
t
Elem
ent
s
for
5G
C
om
m
unic
at
ions,
”
IEE
E
Asia
-
Pa
cif
ic
Con
fe
renc
e
o
n
Applied El
ec
tr
omagneti
cs
(
APACE
-
2016)
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Dec
2016.
[7]
M.
Ina
m
and
M.
Y.
Ism
ai
l
,
“
Refl
ec
t
ion
loss
and
b
andwidt
h
per
form
ance
o
f
X
-
band
inf
inite
r
efl
e
ctarray
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sim
ula
ti
ons a
nd
m
ea
surem
ent
s,
”
Mic
rowave
and
Optic
al
Technology
Let
te
rs
(
MOT
L
)
,
vol. 53, pp.
77
—
80
,
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[8]
David
M.
Pozar
,
et
al
.
,
“
Design
of
m
il
li
m
eter
wa
ve
m
ic
rostrip
ref
le
c
ta
rra
y
s
,
”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Ant
ennas
and
Propagati
on
,
vo
l.
45
,
issue.
2
,
pp
.
287
—
296
,
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7.
[9]
ITU,
“
Final Ac
ts
W
RC
-
15,
”
Worl
d
Radi
o
communic
ati
on
Confe
ren
ce
,
rep
or
t, Dec 2
015.
[10]
M.
Hashim
Dahri
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Broa
dband
Resonant
El
ements
for
5
G
Refl
ecta
rr
a
y
Antenna
Design
”
TEL
KOMNIKA
(
Tele
communic
ati
on
Computing
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Control)
,
vol. 15
,
no
.
1
,
2017
.
[11]
David.
M
Po
za
r
,
“
Microwa
ve En
gine
er
ing,
”
John
Wiley
and
sons
,
2005.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Muham
m
ad
Has
him
Dahri
rec
eived
the
B.
E
de
gre
e
in
T
el
e
comm
unic
at
ions
fro
m
the
Mehra
n
Univer
sit
y
o
f
E
ngine
er
ing
and
Te
chno
log
y
(M
UET)
,
Pakista
n
,
in
2010
and
the
Master
s
b
y
Resea
rch
degr
ee
in
E
lectr
i
cal
En
gine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Malay
si
a
(UTHM
)
in
2014.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
pursui
ng
the
Ph.D
de
gre
e
with
the
W
ire
le
ss
Com
muni
cation
Cen
tre
(W
CC),
Univer
isit
i
Te
knolog
i
Malay
s
ia
(UTM
).
He
has
aut
hore
d
over
20
rese
arc
h
pap
ers
in
var
ious
ind
exe
d
journa
ls
and
con
fer
ence
pro
ceedi
ngs.
His
rese
arch
int
ere
sts
inc
lu
de
ref
lecta
rr
a
y
ant
enn
as,
p
la
nar
print
ed
antenna
s
and tuna
b
le
m
a
t
eri
a
ls f
or ante
nn
a
design
.
Muham
m
ad
Ra
m
le
e
Kam
aru
din
obta
ine
d
his
f
irst
degr
ee
from
Univer
siti
Te
k
nologi
Malay
si
a
(UTM),
Johor
Bahru,
Mal
a
y
s
i
a,
with
honors
,
m
aj
oring
in
e
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
and
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
ion
engi
ne
eri
ng
and
gra
duating
in
20
03.
He
recei
ved
the
M.S.
degr
ee
in
comm
unic
at
io
n
engi
neering
in
2004
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Birmingham,
Bi
rm
ingha
m
,
UK
,
and
la
t
er
he
obt
ai
ned
his
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
2007
from
the
sam
e
Univer
sit
y
unde
r
the
supervisio
n
of
Profess
or
Pete
r
Hal
l.
Dr
Kam
aru
din
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
worki
ng
as
a
Senior
Le
ct
ur
er
at
C
ent
re
for
E
le
c
tr
onic
W
arf
are,
Inform
at
ion
and
C
y
b
er
(
EWIC),
Cran
fi
el
d
Def
e
nce
and
Secur
ity,
Cranf
ie
ld
Univ
ersity
,
UK
.
He
is
an
aut
hor
of
a
book
cha
pt
er
of
a
book
ent
itl
ed
Antenna
s
an
d
Propaga
ti
on
f
or
Bod
y
‐Cen
tri
c
W
ire
le
ss
Com
muni
cations
and
has
publi
shed
m
ore
tha
n
200
t
ec
hni
ca
l
pap
ers
in
journ
al
s
and
proc
ee
d
ings
incl
ud
ing
IE
EE
Trans
ac
ti
on
on
Ant
enna
and
Propa
gat
ion
(TAP),
I
EE
E
Antenna
s
and
W
ire
le
ss
Propaga
t
ion
Lette
r
(AW
PL),
IEE
E
Antenna
Maga
zine,
IE
EE
Ac
ce
ss
,
Inte
rn
at
ion
a
l
Journal
of
Antenna
s
and
Propaga
ti
on
(IJA
P),
Progress
in
El
ec
tromagnetics
Resea
rch
(PIER)
,
Microwa
ve
and
Optic
al
T
ec
hn
olog
y
Le
t
te
rs
(
MO
TL
),
and
Elec
tron
ic
s
Lette
r
s.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
antenna
d
esign
for
5G,
wire
le
ss
on‐bo
d
y
comm
unic
ations,
in‐bo
d
y
comm
unic
at
ions
(implant
able
antenna
),
RF
and
m
ic
rowave
communic
a
ti
on
s
y
st
ems
,
and
ant
enn
a
dive
rsit
y
.
Moreo
ver
,
Dr
Kam
aru
din
is
an
I
EE
E
Senior
Mem
ber
(SM
IEE
E),
a
Mem
ber
of
IET
(MIET
), a
n
Exec
uti
ve
Mem
ber
of
Antenna a
nd
Propaga
t
ion
(AP
/
MTT/
EMC),
Ma
lay
s
ia Cha
pt
er.
Mohd
Haiz
al
Ja
m
al
uddin
rec
e
iv
ed
bac
he
lor
'
s
an
d
m
aste
r'
s
degr
e
es
in
el
ectri
ca
l
e
ngine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
T
ekn
ologi
Malay
si
a,
Malay
s
ia,
in
20
03
and
2006,
res
pec
t
ive
l
y
,
and
th
e
Ph.D.
degr
ee
in
signal
proc
essing
and
tele
comm
unic
at
ions
fro
m
the
Univer
si
té
de
R
enne
s
1
,
Fr
anc
e
,
in
2
009,
with
a
foc
us
on
m
ic
rowave
co
m
m
unic
at
ion
s
ystems
and
spec
i
al
l
y
antenna
s
su
ch
as
d
ie
l
ectric
resona
tor
an
d
re
fle
c
ta
rr
a
y
and
d
i
el
e
ct
ri
c
dom
e
an
te
nnas.
H
e
is
cu
rre
ntly
an
As
socia
t
e
Profess
or
with
the
W
ire
l
ess
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Cen
tre,
Facult
y
of
E
lect
ric
a
l
Eng
in
ee
r
i
ng,
Univer
sit
i
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Dual res
onanc
e ele
men
t f
or
broad
band refl
e
ct
ar
ra
y
anten
na
(
M.
H
as
hi
m Dahri
)
561
Te
knologi
Mal
a
y
sia
.
His
rese
a
rch
int
er
ests
inc
lude
di
el
e
ct
ri
c
resona
tor
ant
e
nnas,
print
ed
m
ic
rostrip
anten
nas,
MIM
O
ant
e
nnas
and
DRA
ref
lecta
r
ra
y
an
te
n
ns.
He
has
publis
hed
m
ore
tha
n
25
pape
rs
in
r
ep
ute
d
inde
xed
jou
rna
ls a
nd
conf
er
enc
e
proc
ee
ding
s.
Muham
m
ad
Ina
m
Abbasi
rec
e
i
ved
th
e
B.
Sc
d
egr
ee
in
Elec
tr
i
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
with
m
aj
or
in
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation
in
2008
fr
om
Cent
re
for
Advanc
ed
Stu
die
s
in
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
(CAS
E
Islamaba
d),
Uni
ver
sit
y
of
Enginee
ring
and
Technol
og
y
(UE
T,
Ta
xi
lla),
Pak
ista
n.
He
jo
ine
d
W
ire
le
ss
and
Radi
o
Scie
nce
Cen
tre
(W
ARA
S),
Univer
siti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
M
al
a
y
si
a
(UTHM
)
as
a
Gradua
t
e
Resea
rch
As
sistan
t
in
2009
where
he
completed
his
Master
b
y
R
ese
arc
h
and
Ph.D.
in
Elec
tri
c
al
En
gine
er
ing
in
20
11
and
2016
res
pec
t
ive
l
y
.
Cur
r
e
ntly
,
He
is
wor
king
as
a
Pos
t
-
Doctor
al
rese
a
r
ch
fe
ll
ow
a
t
W
ire
l
ess
Com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
Ce
ntre
(
W
CC),
Univer
si
ti
T
ec
hnol
ogi
Malay
s
ia
(UTM
).
His
rec
ent
re
sea
rch
intere
st
l
ie
s
in
high
per
form
anc
e
pla
n
ar
and
print
ed
ant
enn
a
design
,
passive
and
re
conf
igura
b
le
r
ef
le
c
ta
rra
y
and
p
l
ana
r
r
efl
e
ct
or
a
nte
nnas,
novel
m
at
eri
a
ls
for
the
design
of
enh
a
nce
d
per
fo
rm
anc
e
an
te
nn
as.
Dr.
Ina
m
has
publis
hed
one
book
and
m
ore
tha
n
4
0
rese
a
rch
p
ape
r
s in
in
te
rn
at
ion
all
y
ind
exe
d
journ
al
s a
nd
conf
ere
n
ce
s.
Siti
Za
r
ee
n
Na
qi
y
ah
Zool
A
m
bia
obta
in
ed
her
Bac
h
el
or
d
egr
ee
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
-
Elec
tron
ic
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(H
ons.)
in
2016
from
Univer
siti
Te
kno
logi
Malay
s
ia
(UT
M),
m
aj
oring
i
n
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
i
on.
She
is
c
urre
ntly
pursui
ng
the
Master
degr
ee
with
the
W
ireless
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Cent
re
(W
CC),
Unive
risit
i
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(
UTM).
Her
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
ests
and
ar
ea
s
inc
lud
e
di
el
e
ct
r
ic
reso
nat
ors a
n
te
nn
a
d
esign
in
5G a
pp
l
ic
a
ti
ons a
nd
m
il
l
imete
r
wav
es.
Nors
haf
ina
Shafie
recei
v
ed
th
e
Bac
he
lor
deg
ree
in
elec
tri
c
a
l
-
elec
tron
ic
s
en
gine
er
ing
from
Univer
s
it
i
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(UTM),
Johor
Bahru
Malay
si
a,
and
gra
du
at
ed
in
2016.
She
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
pursui
ng
her
Master
’
s
degr
ee
at
th
e
W
ire
l
ess
Com
m
unic
at
ion
C
ent
re
(W
CC),
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Malay
sia
(UTM).
Her
r
ese
arc
h
in
te
r
ests
inc
lude
die
l
e
ct
ri
c
resona
to
r
an
te
nn
as
in
5G and KA
Band app
li
c
at
ions.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.