Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineer
ing and Computer Scien
ce
V
o
l. 9, N
o
. 2
,
Febr
u
ar
y 201
8, pp
.
34
2
~
34
4
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.
11591/ijeecs
.v9.
i
2
.pp342-344
3
42
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Helm
et Deducti
on Usi
ng Image Processing
A.
M
oh
amed
S
yed
Al
i
AMET Business School, AMET
University
, Chennai
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 8, 2017
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 19
, 20
17
Accepte
d Ja
n 2, 2018
The
proj
ec
t
a
i
m
is
t
o
bu
ild
a
s
m
a
rt,
l
itt
le
pow
er
b
i
c
ycl
e
d
ash
b
oard
w
ith
advanced
v
ision
sensor
t
o
find
wh
ether
th
e
ride
r
is
w
earing
a
h
elmet
or
not
and
allows
s
tart/stop
the
bike
i
gnition
s
y
st
em
.
Even
w
hile
r
idi
ng
the
bicy
cle,
the
s
y
s
t
em
c
on
ti
nues
the
m
onitor
i
ng
process,
p
revents
th
e
fir
e
an
d
sends
a
lert
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
t
o
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
i
f
t
h
e
h
e
l
m
e
t
n
o
t
w
o
r
n
a
t
a
n
y
p
o
i
nt
i
n
time.
A
n
alcoho
l
sensor
i
s
built-in
w
i
t
hin
the
d
a
shboard
t
o
prevent
the
dr
unk
driving
situation
.
G
PS
and
m
o
tion
sensors
assist
t
he
s
y
s
tem
identif
ie
s
acciden
t
scenario
a
nd
s
e
nds
a
ler
t
S
MS
t
o
tr
affic
au
thor
ities
and
f
a
m
i
l
y
me
mbe
r
s.
Twitte
r’s
S
enti
m
e
nt
A
nal
y
s
i
s
on
Gsm
Services
u
sing
Multin
om
ial
Naïve
Bay
e
s
discussed
in
[
1]
.
Th
e
das
hboard
unit
has
a
Bluetooth
tran
s
ceiver
tha
t
helps
the
s
y
s
t
em
t
o
com
m
unicate
with
a
n
Android
mobile
a
pp
ru
nn
ing
on
the
user
S
martphone
t
o
prov
ide
SMS
sending
capab
ility
.
W
e
i
ghted
L
eas
t
Squared
Approach
t
o
Fault
Detec
tion
and
Isolation
for
G
PS
Integ
rity
Monitoring
discussed
in
[
2
]
.
This
d
esign
elim
inates
building
po
wer-hungr
y
GSM
modems
i
nto
the
veh
i
cle
d
a
s
hboard
t
hus
s
aving
vehicle
b
a
tte
r
y
pow
er.
Model
for
Post
p
lacement
M
ousi
ng
based
on
GSM
in
L
ong-Distance
discussed in [3]
.
K
eyw
ords
:
An
dr
oi
d A
p
p
B
r
i
ght
H
el
m
e
t
GPS
Micro
c
on
tro
ller
Sm
art Sensor
Tracki
n
g
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
A. M
oham
e
d S
y
ed Al
i
,
AM
ET B
u
si
ne
ss Sc
ho
ol
,
AM
ET
Uni
v
er
sity
,
Ch
enn
a
i.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The
m
i
croco
n
t
r
ol
l
e
r
d
o
es
t
h
e
m
assi
ve
t
ask
of
e
m
b
ed
de
d
vi
si
o
n
p
r
oce
ssi
ng
a
t
ve
ry
l
ow
e
ne
rgy
con
s
um
pt
i
on
[
4
]
.
T
he
p
r
o
ject
u
ses
STM
3
2F
42
9
m
i
crocont
rol
l
e
r
f
o
r
i
t
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
n
e
e
d
s
t
h
a
t
r
u
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
pr
ocessi
ng
al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
usi
ng
t
h
e
i
m
ages
i
t
get
s
f
r
o
m
an
O
V
2
64
0
ca
m
e
ra
v
i
s
i
o
n
sen
s
or
[
5]
.
T
h
e
cam
e
ra
configure
s
t
o
output
p
ictures
i
n
t
he
R
GB565
form
at
a
t
QVGA
(320
x
2
4
0
)
r
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
h
e
l
m
e
t
c
o
l
o
u
r
defi
nes
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
sh
ol
d
o
f
t
he
p
i
x
el
s
i
n
t
he
i
m
a
ge
t
hat
i
s
p
roces
sed
fu
rt
h
e
r
[
7
]
.
T
hi
s
pr
ocess
of
s
e
p
ar
at
i
ng
a
regi
on
o
n
i
nt
er
est
i
n
a di
g
i
t
a
l
im
age based
o
n
t
he
g
i
v
e
n
col
ou
r
is called i
m
age segm
entation [8]. Im
a
ge Super-
Reso
lu
tion
Usin
g
Wav
e
let
Tran
sfo
r
m
a
tio
n
Based
Gen
e
tic
A
lgo
r
ith
m
w
as
p
r
o
pos
ed
a
nd
desc
ri
be
d
i
n
[
9]
.
Aft
e
r t
h
e pi
ct
u
r
e segm
ent
a
t
i
on i
s
d
one
, an al
go
ri
t
h
m
recog
n
i
ses
the contour of the im
ag
e an
d
its cen
tre, wh
i
ch
resu
lts
i
n
i
d
entifyin
g
th
e
rider'
s
helm
et.
Helm
et
D
etectio
n
on
M
o
to
rcyclists
[
1
0
]
p
rop
o
s
ed
a
s
ystem
for
d
e
tectio
n
of
m
o
t
orcyclist
with
ou
t
a
h
e
lm
et.
For
t
h
is,
we
h
av
e
a
p
p
lied
the
circu
l
ar
H
oug
h
tran
sfo
r
m
an
d
the
Hi
st
o
g
ram
of
O
ri
e
n
t
e
d
G
r
adi
e
nt
s
descri
pt
o
r
t
o
ext
r
act
t
he
i
m
a
ge
a
ttrib
u
t
es.
Th
en
,
th
e
Mu
lti-Layer
Percep
tron
cl
assi
fi
er u
se a
nd
t
he
o
bt
ai
ne
d
results were
com
p
ared
with o
th
e
r al
go
rith
m
s
.
2.
E
X
ISTING PROBLEM
No
t
wearing
the
h
e
l
m
et
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
r
eason
s
for
th
e
h
i
gh
num
b
er
o
f
fatalities
involving
t
wo-
wheel
e
r
o
ccu
p
a
nt
s
i
n
o
ur
c
o
unt
ry
.
S
o
l
a
r
pa
nel
anal
y
s
i
s
u
s
i
ng
c
r
ac
k
det
ect
i
on
usi
n
g
o
p
t
i
m
i
sati
on
t
ech
ni
q
u
e
s
prese
n
t
with
f
uzzy
C
-m
ean.
Eve
n
t
h
oug
h
th
e
go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
h
as
m
ad
e
i
t
m
a
ndat
o
ry
t
o
wear
a
h
el
m
e
t
,
not
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Helmet Ded
u
ct
ion Usi
n
g
I
m
a
g
e
Pr
o
cessi
ng (A.
Mohame
d Syed
Ali)
34
3
every
one
i
s
a
d
heri
ng
t
o
t
hi
s
l
a
w.
T
he
p
r
o
bl
em
h
ere
i
s
t
hat
go
ve
rnm
e
nt
cann
o
t
w
a
t
c
h
e
v
ery
bi
ke
r
i
d
e
r
a
t
al
l
places a
nd at all tim
e
s. Our pro
ject proposes an innovati
ve s
ol
u
tion
to ov
e
rco
m
e th
is scenario
.
5.0
V
3
.
3V
Da
s
h
-
CA
M
S
T
M32F
429
C
o
rt
ex
-M
4
Powe
r
Suppl
y
Cir
c
uit
DC
MI
DC
M
oto
r
W
h
eel
UAR
T
GPIO
OV264
0
Ca
m
e
ra
S
e
n
so
r
User
LEDs
Al
c
ohol
Se
n
s
o
r
L2
9
3
D
M
o
t
o
r
Dr
iver
G
PS
GP
I
O
AD
C
GP
I
O
Push B
u
tton
I
gniti
on
S
w
it
c
h
I2
C
3-
Ax
is ME
M
S
Accel
ero
m
et
e
r
UA
R
T
B
l
ue
too
t
h
T
r
an
scei
v
e
r
I2
C
PWM
Buz
z
er
Fi
gu
re
1
.
B
l
oc
k
Di
ag
ram
of
D
ash
C
a
m
The
m
i
croco
n
t
r
ol
l
e
r
d
o
es
t
h
e
m
assi
ve
t
ask
of
e
m
b
edde
d
vi
si
o
n
p
r
oc
essi
ng
a
t
very
l
ow
p
o
w
er
con
s
um
pt
i
on.
T
he
p
r
o
ject
u
s
e
s
STM
3
2
F
4
2
9
m
i
c
roco
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
f
o
r
i
t
s
p
rocessing
n
ee
ds
t
hat
run
the
i
m
age
pr
ocessi
ng
a
l
g
ori
t
h
m
[1
1]
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
i
m
ages
i
t
get
s
f
r
o
m
an
O
V2
6
40
c
am
era
vi
si
o
n
sens
or
.
T
h
e
cam
e
ra
con
f
i
g
ure
s
t
o
out
put
p
i
c
t
u
re
s
i
n
t
he
R
GB
5
65
f
o
rm
at
a
t
QV
G
A
(
32
0
x
2
4
0
)
r
es
ol
ut
i
o
n.
T
he
h
el
m
e
t
col
o
ur
defi
nes
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
sh
ol
d
of
t
he
p
i
x
el
s
i
n
t
he
i
m
a
ge
t
hat
p
r
oc
ess
f
urthe
r
.
This
p
rocess
of
s
eparating
a
region
on
in
terest
i
n
a
d
i
g
ital
im
ag
e
b
a
sed
o
n
t
h
e
g
iv
en
c
o
l
ou
r
is
called
i
m
a
ge
s
egm
e
nt
at
i
on.
A
ft
er
t
he
p
i
c
t
u
re
seg
m
en
tatio
n
is
d
on
e,
a
n
al
go
rith
m
recog
n
i
ses
th
e
con
t
our
o
f
th
e
im
age
and
its
c
e
n
tre,
w
hic
h
r
es
ults
i
n
identifying the
r
ider'
s
h
elm
e
t.
3.
PROP
OSE
D
S
YSTE
M
Aut
o
m
a
t
e
d
Helm
et
uni
t
i
n
co
rp
orat
es
ear
ph
one/
s
pea
k
er,
i
n
si
de
t
he
m
outhpiece,
p
us
h
catch
s
witch,
GPS
satellites,
M
P3
s
oun
d
deco
d
e
r,
A
RM
C
o
r
tex-M4,
GPS
co
llecto
r
,
IEEE
802.15.4/handset,
m
i
nia
t
urise
d
scale
SD/m
e
m
ory
a
n
d
outside
m
outhpiece.
E
arphone
g
oes
about
a
s
a
s
p
eaker
t
o
hear
a
r
ec
orded
voi
ce
and
m
p3
tunes.
T
he
r
eceiver
is
u
tilised
t
o
record
v
oice
or
s
ummons
gi
ven
by
r
i
d
er
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
assi
st
ance
of
p
us
h
cat
ch
s
wi
t
c
h
pr
ovi
ded
i
n
t
he
h
ead
p
r
o
t
ect
o
r
.
GPS
be
ne
fi
ci
ar
y
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
g
e
t
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
t
h
e
r
i
d
e
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
G
P
S
satellites.
I
EEE
802.15.4
a
ssists
i
n
spea
king
with
b
icycle
d
ash
bo
ard
un
it.
A
RM
C
o
r
tex-
M4
c
on
tro
l
s
everythi
ng and outside m
outhpi
ece is used to scree
n activity so
un
ds
.
4.
RESULT
B
i
ke
e
n
g
i
n
e
st
art
s
o
nl
y
w
h
e
n
t
he
h
el
m
e
t
i
s
b
r
o
ug
ht
n
ear
t
o
bi
ke
d
ashb
o
a
rd
u
n
it.
T
h
e
c
on
d
ition
is
–
hel
m
et
:
presen
t
=
engi
ne
a
n
d
h
el
m
e
t
:
absent
=
e
ngi
ne:
o
ff.
H
aza
r
d
w
ar
ni
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
on
i
s
p
asse
d
t
o
t
he
r
i
d
e
r
wh
en
h
e
is
a
d
istan
c
e
o
f
1
0
m
e
ters
f
rom
th
e
d
a
ng
er
t
o
alert
h
i
m
.
The
vol
um
e
of
M
P3
p
l
a
y
b
ack
i
s
au
to
m
a
tical
ly
a
d
j
u
s
ted
to
m
u
t
e
wh
en
c
ritical
t
raffic
soun
d
s
a
re
d
etected.
Com
p
arative
study
a
nd
performance
an
alysis of au
to
m
o
tiv
e b
r
ak
ing
system
d
iscussed
i
n
[12
],[13
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
3
42 – 344
34
4
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
t
otyp
e
fo
r
D
a
sh
ca
m
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Helm
e
t
f
or
r
oa
d
hazard
wa
rning
de
signed
w
ith
w
ireless
bike
a
uth
entication
and
traffic
adaptive
m
p3
playback.
T
h
e main
a
im
o
f
this
p
roject
i
s
to encourage pe
ople
t
o
wea
r
a
helm
e
t
and
to
p
revent roa
d
acci
dents
,
whic
h ac
hieve
d
. Thus t
raffic acci
dents ca
n be lim
ited to some e
x
t
en
t an
d safety of b
i
k
e
rid
ers is en
s
ured
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
A.
R
.
Susanti,
et
al.
,
“
T
wit
t
e
r’s
S
entim
ent
Anal
y
s
is
o
n
Gs
m
S
e
rvices
u
s
i
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