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p
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Science
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
,
p
p
.
7
5
9
~
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9
9
2
6
@
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m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ma
j
o
r
ity
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f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
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m
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k
s
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b
ased
p
ap
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f
th
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m
ai
n
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s
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m
s
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b
as
ed
in
s
u
la
tio
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p
ap
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ar
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elia
b
le,
co
s
t
ef
f
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co
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p
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w
ith
t
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al,
m
ec
h
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n
ical
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d
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tr
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eq
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ir
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m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
i
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
[
1
]
.
Ot
h
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alte
r
n
ativ
e
s
o
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r
ce
s
f
o
r
p
ap
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f
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m
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p
lan
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ch
as
w
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s
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s
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s
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g
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ca
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b
a
m
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,
h
e
m
p
,
b
ag
as
s
e,
co
tto
n
an
d
j
u
te
[
2
]
.
No
n
-
w
o
o
d
p
la
n
ts
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
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f
f
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f
r
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n
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f
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ca
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e
u
s
ed
to
p
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ce
p
ap
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s
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
2
-
4
]
.
Ken
a
f
is
a
n
o
n
-
w
o
o
d
p
lan
t,
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
a
s
th
e
s
o
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r
ce
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
p
ap
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s
an
d
p
ap
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b
o
ar
d
[
6
].
Ken
a
f
f
ib
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s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
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th
er
a
p
p
licatio
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s
s
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ch
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ild
in
g
/
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ac
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m
ater
ials
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ap
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m
a
k
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n
g
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
te
w
o
o
d
[4
-
7
]
.
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e
an
d
b
ast
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th
e
m
ai
n
c
o
m
p
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en
t
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f
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h
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ib
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ar
e
s
h
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r
ter
th
a
n
th
e
b
ast
f
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s
[
4
,
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
ap
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s
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s
ed
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tr
an
s
f
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m
er
s
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o
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m
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y
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v
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lo
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g
f
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s
w
h
ich
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n
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u
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to
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s
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m
e
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ts
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to
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atio
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[
9
]
.
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,
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ch
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n
e
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
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p
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ties
o
f
p
ap
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s
[
10
]
.
B
ast
f
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s
le
n
g
t
h
s
o
f
k
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n
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f
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2
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ag
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lo
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d
s
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[
3
,
4
]
.
On
e
s
t
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s
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h
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m
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I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
7
5
9
-
7
6
6
760
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
c
h
as
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
est
p
u
lp
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
o
p
tim
is
a
tio
n
o
f
p
u
lp
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
ch
e
m
ical
ad
d
itiv
es [
2
6
]
.
B
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
as
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
ap
er
m
a
k
i
n
g
.
I
t
is
a
p
h
y
s
ica
l
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
n
p
u
lp
s
t
h
at
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
n
tact
ar
ea
b
et
w
ee
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f
ib
r
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n
d
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lex
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il
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y
in
cr
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s
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
ib
r
illatio
n
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
A
s
a
r
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lt,
th
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p
r
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p
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ties
o
f
th
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p
ap
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ca
n
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e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
[
7
,
1
3
].
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
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p
r
esen
ts
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h
e
i
n
v
esti
g
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th
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p
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ted
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f
b
ast
f
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s
b
ased
p
ap
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f
o
r
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p
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an
s
f
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s
.
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p
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s
s
to
d
ev
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p
th
e
p
ap
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is
p
r
esen
ted
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d
its
p
h
y
s
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p
r
o
p
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ties
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d
if
f
er
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t
b
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tin
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d
eg
r
ess
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
SE
T
UP
2
.
1
.
R
a
w
M
a
t
er
ia
l
T
h
e
r
aw
k
e
n
a
f
b
ast
f
ib
er
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
lo
ca
lly
.
First,
th
e
f
i
b
er
s
th
r
ea
d
s
w
er
e
s
ep
ar
ated
an
d
clea
n
ed
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
a
s
to
c
u
t
t
h
e
f
ib
er
th
r
ea
d
s
in
to
1
0
c
m
i
n
le
n
g
th
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
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lp
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n
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p
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s
s
,
1
k
g
o
f
Ov
e
n
Dr
ied
(
OD)
f
ib
er
s
w
er
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
OD
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
f
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er
s
w
as
ca
lcu
lated
a
f
ter
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ied
in
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air
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cu
lati
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m
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g
e
o
f
k
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n
af
b
ast f
ib
er
s
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
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1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
m
a
g
e
o
f
k
en
a
f
b
ast
f
ib
er
s
2
.
2
.
P
ulp
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P
ro
ce
s
s
So
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a
p
u
lp
in
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r
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ce
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m
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ed
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ea
t
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k
e
n
af
f
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e
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s
th
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g
h
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ig
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ter
.
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h
e
p
u
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g
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
s
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ab
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1
[
1
4
]
.
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h
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n
tr
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th
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r
atio
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f
7
:1
.
T
h
e
in
itial
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
w
as
s
et
to
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°C
w
ith
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co
n
s
tan
t
r
is
e
u
p
to
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at
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m
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m
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o
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i
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at
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ess
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r
e
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i.
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ab
le
1
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a
P
u
lp
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g
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ar
am
e
ter
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r
o
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ss v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
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V
a
l
u
e
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L
i
q
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i
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o
d
f
r
a
c
t
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o
n
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N
a
O
H
(
%)
1
4
%
S
t
a
r
t
i
n
g
t
e
mp
e
r
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t
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r
e
(
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C
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M
a
x
i
m
u
m
T
e
mp
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r
a
t
u
r
e
(
°
C
)
1
7
0
P
r
e
ssu
r
e
(
p
si
)
1
4
0
T
i
me
t
o
max
i
m
u
m
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r
a
t
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r
e
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n
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i
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t
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m
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r
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t
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1
2
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A
h
y
d
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p
u
p
ler
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s
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o
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te
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ed
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a
f
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y
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m
o
v
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g
t
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b
lac
k
liq
u
o
r
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esid
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r
o
m
t
h
e
p
u
lp
.
Af
ter
s
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ar
ati
o
n
o
f
b
lack
liq
u
o
r
f
r
o
m
f
ib
er
s
,
th
e
p
u
lp
s
s
till
co
n
tain
co
ar
s
e
f
ib
er
s
,
d
ir
t,
b
ar
k
p
iece
s
an
d
d
ig
ester
b
r
ick
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
b
y
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
PT
I
Su
m
m
er
v
ile
f
r
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ctio
n
ato
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s
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it
h
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lo
t
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ize
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f
0
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1
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m
m
w
as
u
s
ed
to
s
cr
ee
n
th
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k
e
n
a
f
p
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lp
s
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
to
T
A
PP
I
T
2
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5
[
1
5
]
.
A
ce
n
tr
i
f
u
g
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l
s
ep
ar
ato
r
w
as
u
s
ed
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o
s
e
p
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lp
w
i
th
e
x
ce
s
s
w
ater
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
p
u
lp
w
a
s
s
to
r
ed
in
ch
iller
at
6
°C
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
y
ield
w
as d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
1
.
(
)
(
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(
)
(
1
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I
n
d
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N:
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xa
min
a
tio
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th
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P
r
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p
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f U
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K
en
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f I
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la
tio
n
P
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(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
Uma
ir
)
761
Fre
en
es
s
o
f
p
u
lp
w
as
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
L
&
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test
er
ac
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g
to
T
A
PP
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T
2
2
7
in
o
r
d
er
to
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eter
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in
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t
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r
f
ac
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it
io
n
s
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n
d
s
w
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n
g
o
f
f
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er
s
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
3
.
B
ea
t
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M
et
ho
d
Scr
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n
ed
p
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s
w
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e
d
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d
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y
NO
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m
i
ll
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c
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d
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to
T
A
P
P
I
T
2
4
8
.
T
h
e
b
ea
tin
g
p
r
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ce
s
s
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
ib
er
s
an
d
b
o
n
d
i
n
g
w
h
ic
h
lead
to
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
ico
-
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
b
ea
tin
g
in
ter
v
al
ch
o
s
e
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
f
r
o
m
3
0
0
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r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
1
2
0
0
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r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l sa
m
p
le
was th
e
u
n
b
ea
te
n
p
u
lp
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2
.
4
.
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a
nd
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s
P
re
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ra
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T
h
e
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d
s
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s
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ased
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n
T
A
P
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T
2
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,
w
it
h
a
g
r
a
m
m
ag
e
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f
6
0
g
/
m
2
[
1
8
]
.
Dilu
tio
n
o
f
2
4
g
o
f
OD
p
u
lp
s
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
2
litre
o
f
d
is
t
illed
w
ater
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
ib
er
b
u
n
d
les
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d
is
p
er
s
ed
at
5
0
,
0
0
0
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
y
a
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ar
d
d
is
in
teg
r
ato
r
to
r
elax
th
e
f
ib
er
s
an
d
r
e
m
o
v
e
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
w
as
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
ized
in
s
to
ck
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d
iv
id
er
f
i
lled
w
i
th
8
liter
s
o
f
d
is
till
ed
w
ater
.
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h
e
s
a
m
p
le
w
a
s
ag
itated
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
m
i
x
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
ap
er
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
2
.
5
.
G
ra
mm
a
g
e
o
f
P
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per
L&
W
m
icr
o
m
eter
w
as
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s
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
th
ic
k
n
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s
o
f
t
h
e
b
ea
ten
p
ap
er
b
ased
o
n
T
A
P
P
I
T
4
1
1
as
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
g
r
am
m
ag
e
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
T
A
P
P
I
T
4
1
0
[
2
0
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
t d
en
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
[
2
1
]
.
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
&
W
m
icr
o
m
eter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
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2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
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n
J
E
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E
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g
&
C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
7
5
9
-
7
6
6
762
2
.
6
.
T
ens
ile,
B
urs
t
ing
a
nd
T
ea
r
Resis
t
a
nce
o
f
P
a
per
Fib
er
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
b
o
n
d
in
g
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
ze
r
o
-
s
p
a
n
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
[
2
2
,
3
5
,
3
6
]
.
B
u
c
h
el
B
.
V
Ho
r
izo
n
tal
te
n
s
ile
test
er
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ze
r
o
-
s
p
an
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
b
ea
ten
p
ap
er
b
ased
o
n
T
A
P
P
I
T
4
9
4
[
2
2
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
3
)
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
T
en
s
ile
I
n
d
ex
(
T
I
)
.
(
N
m
/g
)
(
3
)
T
h
e
b
u
r
s
t
s
tr
en
g
t
h
i
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
h
y
d
r
o
s
tatic
f
o
r
ce
t
h
at
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
r
ac
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
[
2
3
]
.
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
r
is
i
n
g
s
tr
e
s
s
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
u
r
s
t
test
er
b
y
a
r
u
b
b
er
d
iap
h
r
ag
m
o
n
t
h
e
p
ap
er
o
r
b
icu
lar
ar
ea
o
f
3
0
.
5
m
m
.
T
h
e
b
u
r
s
t
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
b
ea
te
n
p
ap
er
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
to
T
A
P
P
I
T
4
0
3
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
B
u
r
s
t I
n
d
ex
(
B
I
)
w
as d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
(
4
)
.
(
k
P
a/g
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
tear
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
n
ee
d
ed
to
tear
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
tear
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
b
ea
ten
p
ap
er
w
as
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
E
l
m
e
n
d
o
r
f
tear
in
g
te
s
t
er
b
ased
o
n
T
A
PP
I
T
4
1
4
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
T
ea
r
I
n
d
ex
(
T
e
I
)
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
(
5
)
.
(
m
N
/g
)
(
5
)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
A
ND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
3
.
1
.
P
ulp
P
ro
pert
ies
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
ed
k
en
a
f
p
u
lp
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
u
lp
y
ield
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
lig
n
i
n
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
p
u
lp
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
f
ib
er
q
u
al
it
y
[
2
5
]
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
a
g
o
o
d
p
u
lp
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
i
g
h
p
u
lp
y
ield
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
d
a
p
u
lp
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
5
9
.
1
7
%
o
f
y
ield
o
f
th
e
k
e
n
a
f
p
u
lp
s
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
h
ig
h
p
u
lp
y
ield
an
d
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
p
u
lp
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
g
o
o
d
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
m
a
g
es o
f
k
e
n
a
f
p
u
l
p
s
3
.
2
.
P
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
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20
20
:
7
5
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-
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6
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764
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M
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1
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7
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[1
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Em
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5
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[3
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.
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3
.
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h
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ra
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.
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lu
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n
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.
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M
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1
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2
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p
.
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]
P
a
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H.,
Ro
y
D.N.
,
"
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li
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f
ica
ti
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f
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m.
T
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l
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v
o
l.
1
6
(
3
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3
1
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5
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9
6
.
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]
M
a
z
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k
il
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ro
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tr.
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V
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2
0
,
p
p
.
5
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5
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3
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0
1
0
.
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1
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Ra
y
m
o
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d
A
Y,
Ro
w
e
ll
RM
,
Ce
ll
u
lo
se
stru
c
tu
re
,
m
o
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ica
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n
d
h
y
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ro
lys
is
,
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h
n
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il
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d
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n
c
,
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w
Yo
rk
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104
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8
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1
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8
6
.
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2
]
S
u
p
h
a
t,
K.
"
P
re
li
m
in
a
r
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tu
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f
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n
th
ra
q
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m
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p
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2
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.
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3
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Bierm
a
n
n
,
C.
J.,
Esse
n
ti
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o
f
p
u
l
p
in
g
a
n
d
p
a
p
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rm
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k
in
g
,
Ca
li
f
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rn
ia:
A
C
AD
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IC
P
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S
,
In
c
,
1
9
9
3
.
[1
4
]
Ha
rsn
a
l,
P
.
,
De
li
g
n
if
ic
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ti
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n
Kin
e
ti
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n
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f
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rn
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d
Ch
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mistry
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d
T
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y
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v
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l.
16
,
p
p
.
3
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-
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5
,
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9
7
.
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5
]
TA
P
P
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2
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5
,
S
c
re
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P
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stry
,
USA
,
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TA
P
P
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2
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7
,
Fre
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n
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lp
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rn
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o
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.
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p
p
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lys
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o
l.
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p
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6
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li
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9
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a
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v
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l.
3
4
(
1
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pp.
493
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5
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[3
1
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Co
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,
H.L
.
,
"
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2
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s
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ra
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in
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l.
7
5
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p
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3
[3
3
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-
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.
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4
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ich
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ra
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o
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me
rs
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a
g
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zin
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o
l.
3
(
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).
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5
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u
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m
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ir,
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iz
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z
i
s,
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s
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li
s,
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sro
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it
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sn
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.,
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v
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stig
a
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fec
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o
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tre
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ted
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a
f
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s
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d
I
n
su
l
a
ti
o
n
Pa
p
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r
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5
th
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
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n
a
l
Co
n
f
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n
c
e
o
n
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m
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rt
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stru
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tatio
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,
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e
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la,
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.
[3
6
]
Ra
m
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n
i,
A
.
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ri
ff
in
,
A
.
M
.
,
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ij
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n
,
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.
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&
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h
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A
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B.
A
.
,
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h
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ro
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-
li
n
k
e
d
p
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ly
e
t
h
y
len
e
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
(6
)
,
3
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
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