I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l
E
ng
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
N
o
v
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
8
71
~
87
9
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
24
.i
2
.
pp
8
71
-
87
9
871
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Propo
sed emerg
e
d and
enhanc
ed r
o
uting pro
toco
ls f
o
r wire
less
networks
Dhey
a
a
J
a
s
im
K
a
dh
im
1
,
Ali
Abdu
l
wa
hh
a
b M
o
ha
m
m
ed
2
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
2
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Re
m
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
,
Al
-
Ka
rk
h
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
May
11
,
2
0
2
1
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
27
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
Au
g
31
,
2
0
2
1
Th
e
p
ro
b
lem
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
is
wo
rk
d
e
a
ls
with
h
o
w
to
c
o
n
tro
l
t
h
e
n
e
two
rk
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
late
n
c
y
t
h
a
t
m
a
y
c
a
u
se
m
a
n
y
u
n
wa
n
te
d
lo
o
p
s
re
su
lt
in
g
fr
o
m
u
sin
g
sta
n
d
a
rd
r
o
u
t
in
g
.
T
h
is
wo
rk
p
ro
p
o
se
s
th
re
e
d
iffere
n
t
wire
les
s
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
wh
ich
t
h
e
y
a
re
o
rig
in
a
ll
y
u
sin
g
so
m
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
fo
r
fa
m
o
u
s
wire
les
s
a
d
-
h
o
c
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
su
c
h
a
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic
so
u
rc
e
ro
u
t
in
g
(
DSR
)
,
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
li
n
k
sta
te
ro
u
t
in
g
(
OLS
R
)
,
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
d
d
istan
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
(
DS
DV
)
a
n
d
z
o
n
e
ro
u
t
in
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
(
ZRP
)
.
Th
e
first
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
is
p
re
se
n
ted
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
d
e
stin
a
ti
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
d
d
istan
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
(
E
-
D
S
DV
)
ro
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l,
wh
il
e
t
h
e
se
c
o
n
d
p
ro
p
o
se
d
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
u
si
n
g
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
DSDV
a
n
d
ZR
P
a
n
d
we
n
a
m
e
d
it
a
s
DS
-
ZRP
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l.
Th
e
t
h
ird
p
ro
p
o
se
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
u
sin
g
t
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
d
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
o
in
t
re
lay
s
in
OS
LR
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
wit
h
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
r
o
u
te
c
a
sh
in
g
in
DSR
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l,
a
n
d
we
n
a
m
e
d
it
a
s
OLS
-
DSR
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l.
T
h
e
n
,
so
m
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
tes
ts
a
re
d
o
i
n
g
b
y
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
o
n
c
a
se
stu
d
ies
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
lt
s
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
a
t
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
o
u
t
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
th
a
n
c
u
rre
n
t
wire
l
e
ss
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
in
term
s
o
f
imp
o
rtan
t
n
e
two
rk
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
m
e
tri
c
s
su
c
h
a
s
p
e
rio
d
ica
l
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
st,
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
,
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
,
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
e
d
a
n
d
late
n
c
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DSDV
DSR
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
L
aten
cy
OL
SR
W
ir
eles
s
n
etwo
r
k
Z
R
P
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Dh
ey
aa
J
asim
Kad
h
im
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
B
ag
h
d
a
d
Kar
r
ad
a,
Al
-
J
ad
r
iy
a,
B
ag
h
d
ad
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
d
h
ey
aa
@
co
en
g
.
u
o
b
a
g
h
d
ad
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ir
eles
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
aim
ed
t
o
war
d
m
ee
tin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
er
v
ic
e
n
ec
ess
ities
wh
er
ea
s
h
an
d
lin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
im
p
air
m
en
ts
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
co
n
f
ir
m
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
[
1
]
.
T
ak
in
g
i
n
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
s
u
ch
as
lo
w
p
o
wer
,
h
ig
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
l
ess
laten
cy
tim
e,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
will
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
r
eq
u
est
t
o
th
e
in
t
en
d
ed
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
s
o
as
h
av
in
g
b
etter
wh
o
le
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
th
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ch
allen
g
es
in
d
esig
n
in
g
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
o
f
a
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
is
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
life
ti
m
e
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
So
m
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
h
a
v
e
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
o
m
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S
)
m
etr
ics
e.
g
.
h
ig
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
less
n
o
d
e
d
elay
,
s
ec
u
r
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
lar
g
e
co
v
e
r
in
g
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
R
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ter
m
o
f
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
cy
,
n
etwo
r
k
b
a
n
d
wid
th
,
n
etwo
r
k
o
v
er
h
ea
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
laten
c
y
with
o
u
t
d
e
p
lo
y
in
g
m
an
y
u
n
wan
ted
o
r
wasted
lo
o
p
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
with
s
im
p
le
r
o
u
tin
g
f
lo
o
d
in
g
s
ch
em
es
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
o
it
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
71
-
87
9
872
th
e
co
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
as
well
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
h
ig
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
m
in
im
izin
g
laten
cy
is
s
u
e
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
.
As
k
n
o
wn
laten
cy
is
th
e
k
e
y
o
b
s
tacle
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
b
est
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
o
n
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
t
o
t
ac
k
le/cir
cu
m
v
en
t
th
is
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
.
So
m
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
4
]
with
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
wir
eless
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
as
well
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
o
f
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
(
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
(
DSDV
)
,
d
y
n
am
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
r
o
u
tin
g
(
DSR
)
,
o
p
tim
iz
ed
lin
k
s
tate
r
o
u
tin
g
(
OL
SR
)
,
an
d
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
Z
R
P
)
)
d
id
n
o
t
tak
e
ca
r
e
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
cy
is
s
u
e
an
d
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
o
s
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
ar
e
lim
ited
p
r
in
cip
ally
d
u
e
t
o
s
ca
r
city
o
f
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
th
o
s
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
wir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
o
v
er
h
ea
d
th
at
will
r
ed
u
ce
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
th
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
laten
cy
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
an
d
wid
t
h
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Fin
ally
,
th
is
wo
r
k
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
s
u
b
m
its
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
with
its
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
in
d
etails,
wh
ile
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
test
s
th
a
t
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
test
in
g
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
b
y
g
iv
en
n
etwo
r
k
e
x
am
p
le
f
o
r
ea
c
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l a
s
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
en
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
g
i
v
es
th
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
th
at
we
g
o
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
ese
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
g
iv
es
o
u
r
th
o
u
g
h
ts
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
in
th
is
f
ield
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
n
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
will
tr
y
to
ex
p
lo
it
t
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
f
am
o
u
s
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
s
u
c
h
as
DSR
,
DSDV,
OL
SR
an
d
Z
R
P
in
o
r
d
er
to
cr
ea
te
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
th
a
n
th
o
s
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
[
1
7
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
e
n
h
an
cin
g
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
p
at
h
am
o
n
g
n
o
d
es
at
s
am
e
n
et
wo
r
k
,
in
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
en
h
an
ce
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
(E
-
DSDV)
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
,
an
d
c
o
s
t.
T
h
en
,
we
g
iv
e
p
r
io
r
ity
lev
el
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
we
ca
n
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
h
as
m
o
r
e
p
r
io
r
ity
th
a
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
wh
en
we
wan
t
to
ch
o
o
s
e
two
ex
is
tin
g
p
ath
s
s
in
ce
th
e
p
ath
t
h
at
h
as
lar
g
est
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
m
ea
n
in
g
th
is
p
a
th
is
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
u
p
d
ated
p
at
h
s
o
we
ca
n
av
o
i
d
r
o
u
tin
g
l
o
o
p
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
m
er
g
in
g
DSDV
an
d
Z
R
P
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
s
o
we
h
av
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
(
DS
-
Z
R
P)
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
At
th
is
p
r
o
to
co
l,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
f
r
o
m
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
r
o
m
Z
R
P
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
s
o
we
s
p
lit
th
e
e
n
tire
n
etwo
r
k
to
s
o
m
e
zo
n
es
an
d
th
er
e
ar
e
two
ty
p
es
o
f
n
o
d
es
(
in
ter
io
r
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es
an
d
e
x
ter
io
r
zo
n
e
n
o
d
e
s
)
,
in
ter
io
r
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
lin
k
s
tate
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
en
tir
e
th
e
zo
n
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
as
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
etr
ic,
wh
ile
th
e
ex
ter
io
r
z
o
n
e
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
t
o
f
in
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
zo
n
e
also
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
p
ath
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
m
er
g
in
g
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
OL
SR
an
d
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
to
h
a
v
e
a
n
ew
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
n
am
e
d
o
p
tim
ized
lin
k
s
tate
d
y
n
am
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
r
o
u
tin
g
(
OL
S
-
DSR
)
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
At
th
is
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
elec
ts
its
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
elay
(
MPR
)
n
o
d
e
s
f
r
o
m
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
a
f
t
er
t
h
at
th
e
n
o
d
e
f
lo
o
d
s
o
n
ly
its
lin
k
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
its
MPR
n
o
d
e
s
in
s
tead
to
all
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
ese
MPR
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
f
lo
o
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
ca
s
h
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
wh
ic
h
g
iv
es
in
s
tan
tly
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
in
ten
d
ed
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
wh
ich
it
is
th
e
m
ain
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
RO
UT
I
NG
P
R
O
T
O
CO
L
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
will
d
escr
ib
e
in
d
etails
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
m
ain
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
p
r
o
to
co
l.
E
ac
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
h
as
a
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
r
elate
d
to
it
s
n
etwo
r
k
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
we
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
all
h
o
s
ts
ca
n
co
m
m
u
n
icate
ea
s
ily
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
in
th
e
g
iv
en
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
an
d
it
is
as
s
u
m
ed
als
o
a
ll
lin
k
s
b
etwe
en
h
o
s
ts
ar
e
in
f
u
ll
d
u
p
le
x
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
o
d
e.
Fo
r
o
u
r
n
etw
o
r
k
m
o
d
el,
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
h
o
s
ts
d
o
n
’
t
k
n
o
w
an
y
th
in
g
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
,
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
o
r
n
ea
r
b
y
n
o
d
es.
Sin
ce
we
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
n
e
two
r
k
m
o
d
el,
th
en
,
we
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
e
lin
k
c
o
s
ts
am
o
n
g
h
o
s
ts
m
a
y
d
ete
r
m
in
e
u
s
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
3
.
1
.
F
irst
pro
po
s
ed
enha
nce
d r
o
uting
pro
t
o
co
l
T
h
is
wo
r
k
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
am
o
u
s
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
ad
h
o
c
n
etwo
r
k
s
–
n
am
ely
:
DSDV
wh
ich
it
is
ex
am
in
ed
a
g
ain
s
t
two
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
m
etr
ics
as
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
s
en
d
er
'
s
m
ess
ag
es
to
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t
with
m
in
im
al
tim
e
an
d
th
e
r
eliab
le
p
ath
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eme
r
g
ed
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
fo
r
w
ir
e
less
n
etw
o
r
k
s
(
Dh
ey
a
a
Ja
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
873
co
m
es
with
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
cr
ea
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ca
lcu
latin
g
o
p
ti
m
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
ath
b
y
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
s
o
we
ca
lled
it
en
h
an
ce
d
DSD
V
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
(
E
DSDV)
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
b
ased
o
r
ig
in
ally
o
n
B
ellm
an
-
Fo
r
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
th
en
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
to
k
n
o
w
wh
eth
er
th
is
n
o
d
e
h
as
cu
r
r
en
tly
r
ec
ei
v
e
th
i
s
m
ess
ag
e
o
r
n
o
t
s
o
as
av
o
id
in
g
u
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
lo
o
p
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
en
h
an
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
n
o
d
es
ca
n
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
er
to
o
b
tain
a
n
o
b
jecti
v
e
o
p
in
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
cr
e
d
ib
ilit
y
o
f
an
o
th
er
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
E
DSDV
d
escr
ib
es a
s
f
o
llo
ws
as s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
:
a)
Step
1
:
s
elec
t
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
;
i
n
th
is
s
tep
,
we
m
u
s
t
c
h
o
o
s
e
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
t
o
o
t
h
er
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
es,
s
o
we
ca
n
b
eg
in
o
u
r
s
ea
r
ch
m
is
s
io
n
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ath
to
all
o
th
e
r
n
etwo
r
k
n
o
d
es
ex
ce
p
t
s
elec
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
.
b)
Step
2
:
in
itial
r
o
u
tin
g
attr
ib
u
te
;
each
n
o
d
e
in
s
tan
tly
h
as
its
o
wn
r
o
u
tin
g
p
ath
s
to
o
th
er
n
o
d
es,
s
o
we
ca
n
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t
th
is
cu
r
r
en
t
in
itial
r
o
u
te
attr
ib
u
te
f
o
r
o
u
r
s
elec
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
to
f
in
d
th
e
n
ex
t o
p
tim
al
p
ath
s
to
s
am
e
o
th
er
n
o
d
es.
c)
Step
3
:
attr
ib
u
tes
ev
alu
atio
n
;
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
e
a
ch
n
o
d
e
’
s
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
h
as
two
attr
ib
u
tes
(
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
o
.
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
o
r
co
s
t
)
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tep
,
we
will
g
iv
e
th
e
p
r
i
o
r
ity
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
w
h
ich
h
as
lar
g
est
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
e
r
r
at
h
er
th
an
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
is
n
o
d
e
h
as
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
u
p
d
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
i.
e.
its
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
is
u
p
d
ated
r
ec
en
tly
)
,
s
o
n
ew
jo
in
in
g
o
r
leav
in
g
n
o
d
es
in
wir
ele
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
s
tan
tly
.
d)
Step
4
:
u
p
d
ate
d
ec
is
io
n
;
in
th
is
s
tep
,
we
will
u
p
d
ate
t
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
attr
ib
u
tes
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
f
ir
s
tly
an
d
th
en
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
as sh
o
wn
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
s
es:
−
I
f
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
y
n
o
d
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
all
o
th
er
n
o
d
es,
th
en
th
e
n
ex
t
p
ath
f
o
r
o
u
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
will b
e
v
ia
th
is
n
o
d
e
r
eg
a
r
d
less
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
h
o
p
s
f
o
r
t
h
ese
n
o
d
es.
−
I
f
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
two
n
o
d
es
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
e
e
q
u
al,
th
e
n
we
will
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
o
d
e
th
at
h
as
less
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
to
b
e
v
ia
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
n
e
x
t p
ath
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
−
I
f
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
two
n
o
d
es
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
e
eq
u
al
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
o
f
s
am
e
two
n
o
d
es
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
e
also
eq
u
al,
th
en
we
will
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ex
is
ted
n
o
d
e
as
v
ia
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
p
ath
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
.
e)
Step
5
:
n
ew
attr
ib
u
tes
u
p
d
ate
d
;
s
tep
4
is
r
ep
ea
te
d
f
o
r
all
o
u
tg
o
in
g
lin
k
s
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
an
d
t
h
en
n
ew
attr
ib
u
tes ar
e
u
p
d
ated
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t switch
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
3.
2
.
Seco
nd
pro
po
s
ed
em
er
g
ed
a
nd
enha
nced
ro
uting
p
ro
t
o
co
l
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l,
we
m
er
g
e
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
two
k
n
o
w
n
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
DSD
V
an
d
Z
RP
,
wh
er
e
DSDV
h
as
t
wo
m
ain
ad
v
an
ta
g
es:
1
)
a
ll
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
to
u
p
d
ate
th
eir
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
les
ar
o
u
n
d
all
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
es
o
cc
asio
n
ally
,
an
d
t
h
en
th
ey
in
cr
em
en
t
an
d
ap
p
e
n
d
th
eir
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
wh
en
s
en
d
in
g
th
eir
lo
ca
l
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
les
wh
ich
th
is
s
e
q
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
will
b
e
attac
h
ed
to
r
o
u
t
e
en
tr
ies
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
is
n
o
d
e;
2
)
t
h
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
h
as
a
lo
w
laten
cy
tim
e
s
in
ce
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
was
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ly
in
itiated
an
d
n
o
n
ee
d
to
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
Z
R
P
h
as
a
m
ain
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
tw
o
r
o
u
tin
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
(
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
)
in
h
is
wo
r
k
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ath
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
eter
m
in
es
p
ath
s
to
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
’
n
o
d
es
with
in
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
v
ia
eith
er
lin
k
s
ta
te
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
in
te
r
io
r
n
o
d
es
wit
h
in
s
am
e
zo
n
e,
wh
ile
it
u
s
es
a
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
e
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
71
-
87
9
874
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
r
o
u
te
s
to
ex
ter
io
r
(
p
er
ip
h
er
al)
n
o
d
e
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
’
s
zo
n
e.
T
h
u
s
,
Z
R
P
h
as
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
two
m
ain
ad
v
an
tag
es;
1
)
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
u
r
d
en
f
o
r
ex
ten
d
ed
p
ath
s
th
at
will
b
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
if
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
p
ath
,
2
)
e
lim
in
ate
r
o
u
t
in
g
d
elay
s
with
in
a
r
eg
io
n
th
at
m
ig
h
t
b
e
h
ap
p
en
e
d
b
y
p
ath
d
etec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
in
ter
a
ctiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
So
,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
DS
-
Z
R
P
m
er
g
es
all
ab
o
v
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
th
ese
two
p
r
o
to
co
ls
wh
ich
its
wo
r
k
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e
d
escr
ib
es
as
f
o
llo
ws
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
:
a)
Step
1
:
n
et
wo
r
k
I
n
itializatio
n
.
L
et
N
b
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
at
a
m
u
ltih
o
p
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
is
(
S)
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
(
D)
.
b)
Step
2
:
in
tr
a
-
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
I
s
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D
)
with
in
n
o
d
e
(
S)
z
o
n
e?
I
f
y
es
,
we
ca
n
ap
p
ly
I
n
tr
a
-
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
u
s
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
o
r
lin
k
s
tate
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
r
ea
ch
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
.
No
w,
to
k
n
o
w
if
t
h
e
p
ath
to
a
n
in
ten
d
ed
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t,
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
ed
(
i.e
.
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l)
.
An
y
n
ea
r
b
y
n
o
d
e
th
at
h
as
a
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
est
with
in
a
s
m
alle
r
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
it c
an
n
o
t f
o
r
war
d
t
h
is
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
est an
d
s
o
o
n
.
c)
Step
3
:
in
ter
-
z
o
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
:
I
s
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
with
in
n
o
d
e
(
S)
z
o
n
e?
I
f
n
o
,
we
ca
n
ap
p
ly
I
n
ter
-
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
u
s
in
g
DSR
p
r
o
to
co
l t
o
r
ea
ch
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
No
d
e
(
S)
g
o
es
to
p
u
b
lis
h
a
r
o
u
te
q
u
e
r
y
(
R
R
E
Q)
to
all
its
ex
ter
io
r
n
o
d
es
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e’
s
zo
n
e
u
s
in
g
DSR
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
−
T
o
k
n
o
w
if
th
e
p
at
h
t
o
a
n
in
t
en
d
ed
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t,
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
c
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
ar
e
v
er
if
ie
d
an
d
an
y
n
ea
r
b
y
n
o
d
e
t
h
at
h
as
a
r
o
u
te
r
e
q
u
est
with
in
a
s
m
aller
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t f
o
r
war
d
t
h
is
r
o
u
te
r
e
q
u
est.
−
W
h
en
th
e
R
R
E
Q
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
p
er
ip
h
er
al
o
r
e
x
ter
io
r
n
o
d
es,
th
ey
will
also
ap
p
ly
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
c
h
ec
k
wh
et
h
er
ta
r
g
et
h
o
s
t (
D)
lo
c
ated
at
s
am
e
z
o
n
e
o
r
n
o
t.
−
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
all
r
o
u
tin
g
p
ath
,
a
n
y
h
o
s
t
n
o
d
e
d
etec
ts
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
with
in
its
s
am
e
r
eg
io
n
an
d
th
en
r
etu
r
n
s
th
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
ly
(
R
R
E
P
)
b
y
r
ev
er
s
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ath
.
d)
Step
4
:
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
lete
ab
o
v
e
s
tep
s
,
d
ata
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
alo
n
g
th
e
n
ew
in
itiate
d
o
p
tim
al
p
at
h
f
o
r
o
u
r
s
elec
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
DS
-
Z
R
P r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l d
iag
r
a
m
3
.
3
.
T
hird pro
po
s
ed
em
er
g
ed
a
nd
enha
nced
ro
uti
ng
pro
t
o
co
l
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
p
r
o
to
co
l,
a
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
ca
n
m
er
g
e
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
elay
s
in
o
p
tim
ized
lin
k
s
tate
r
o
u
ti
n
g
(
OSLR)
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
with
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
r
o
u
te
ca
s
h
in
g
in
DSR
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
elay
s
is
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
o
f
f
lo
o
d
in
g
lin
k
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
f
ew
er
n
o
d
es
(
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
ela
y
-
MPR
)
to
f
o
r
war
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
s
tead
o
f
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
all
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es.
W
h
ile
u
s
in
g
o
f
r
o
u
te
ca
c
h
e
ca
n
s
p
ee
d
u
p
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
an
d
it
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
o
f
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
ests
s
in
ce
a
s
in
g
le
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
m
ay
y
ield
m
an
y
r
o
u
tes
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
d
u
e
to
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
r
ep
ly
in
g
f
r
o
m
l
o
ca
l
ca
ch
es.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
OL
S
-
DSR
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
:
a)
Step
1
:
n
etwo
r
k
in
itializatio
n
.
L
et
N
b
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
o
f
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
wir
eless
n
etw
o
r
k
an
d
let
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
is
(
S)
an
d
th
e
d
est
in
atio
n
n
o
d
e
is
(
D)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eme
r
g
ed
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
fo
r
w
ir
e
less
n
etw
o
r
k
s
(
Dh
ey
a
a
Ja
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
875
b)
S
t
e
p
2
:
i
n
i
t
i
at
i
n
g
r
o
u
t
e
d
i
s
c
o
v
er
y
.
S
o
u
r
c
e
n
o
d
e
(
S
)
f
l
o
o
d
s
R
R
E
Q
t
o
s
p
e
c
i
f
y
i
t
s
m
u
lt
i
p
o
i
n
t
r
el
a
y
(
M
P
R
)
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
R
R
E
Q
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
.
A
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
o
in
t
r
e
l
a
y
i
s
w
i
t
h
z
o
n
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
r
-
hops
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
.
c)
Step
3
:
in
tr
a
-
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
I
s
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
with
in
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
(
r
-
h
o
p
s
)
?
I
f
y
es,
ap
p
ly
(
R
R
E
Q)
d
ir
ec
tly
t
o
g
et
m
o
r
e
r
ec
e
n
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
ath
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
(
SN)
,
if
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
at
a
n
y
n
o
d
e
is
less
th
an
th
at
o
f
an
y
n
o
d
e,
it c
an
n
o
t sen
d
R
R
E
P
.
d)
Step
4
:
in
ter
-
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
:
I
f
th
e
tar
g
et
h
o
s
t
(
D)
is
n
’
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
z
o
n
e’
s
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
(
S)
(
i.e
.
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
r
-
h
o
p
s
)
,
th
e
n
r
o
u
te
ca
s
h
in
g
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
r
ad
iu
s
(
r
-
h
o
p
s
)
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
m
u
ltip
o
in
t r
elay
s
.
e)
Step
5
:
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
ela
y
s
s
elec
tio
n
.
Usi
n
g
r
o
u
te
ca
s
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
at
h
s
ar
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
an
d
th
en
n
etwo
r
k
o
v
er
h
ea
d
is
d
am
p
ed
s
in
ce
it
s
to
r
es
o
n
ly
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
r
elay
s
,
n
o
te
t
h
at
we
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
tice
th
at
R
R
E
Q
b
y
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
(
S)
f
o
r
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
h
ig
h
e
r
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
th
e
n
a
n
y
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
n
o
d
e
th
at
r
ec
eiv
es
a
r
o
u
t
e
r
eq
u
est
with
a
s
m
aller
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t f
o
r
war
d
t
h
is
r
o
u
te
r
e
q
u
est an
d
s
o
o
n
.
f)
Step
6
:
in
itiatin
g
r
o
u
te
r
ep
ly
.
No
w,
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
is
k
n
o
wn
b
y
th
e
m
u
ltip
o
i
n
t
r
elay
s
,
th
en
R
R
E
P
i
s
r
ev
er
s
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
air
MP
R
/SN.
g)
Step
7
:
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Af
ter
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
R
R
E
P
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
ca
n
b
e
tak
e
n
p
la
ce
n
o
w
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
OL
S
-
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l d
iag
r
am
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
B
ef
o
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
,
we
f
ir
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
etails
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
.
B
elo
w
ar
e
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
es
es
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
d
o
o
u
r
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]:
−
All h
o
s
ts
co
n
tain
p
er
f
ec
t c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
c
o
v
er
ag
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
as
s
u
m
in
g
th
ey
a
r
e
ex
is
ted
in
a
2
D
s
p
ac
e.
−
All h
o
s
ts
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
in
s
am
e
c
o
v
er
ag
e
r
an
g
es a
s
s
u
m
in
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
s
ar
e
in
f
u
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
m
o
d
e
.
−
Ou
r
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
is
ass
u
m
e
d
to
b
e
a
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
n
etwo
r
k
.
−
E
ac
h
h
o
s
t d
o
esn
’
t h
av
e
an
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t its
lo
ca
ti
o
n
,
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
o
r
n
ea
r
b
y
n
o
d
es.
−
L
in
k
co
s
ts
o
f
h
o
s
ts
d
eter
m
in
e
u
s
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
.
−
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
em
e
r
g
ed
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
m
u
s
t
wo
r
k
in
a
d
ec
en
ter
e
d
way
.
−
Netwo
r
k
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
i
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
h
av
e
a
lo
w
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
−
Fo
r
g
iv
e
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
e
test
ed
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
m
u
s
t
co
v
er
th
e
a
r
ea
o
f
in
ter
est
with
f
ewe
r
h
o
s
ts
as p
o
s
s
ib
le.
So
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
em
er
g
e
d
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
m
etr
ics:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
71
-
87
9
876
−
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es:
t
h
is
m
etr
ic
s
p
ec
if
ies
wh
o
le
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
ize
in
av
e
r
ag
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
n
o
d
es
jo
in
in
g
o
r
leav
in
g
i
n
s
tan
tly
.
T
o
s
im
p
lify
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
;
we
d
o
o
u
r
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
test
with
less
th
an
5
0
n
o
d
es.
−
A
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
h
o
p
s
:
t
h
i
s
m
e
t
r
i
c
d
e
f
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
r
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
t
o
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
y
t
h
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
w
e
a
s
s
u
m
e
d
s
m
a
l
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
h
o
p
s
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
o
d
e
s
i
n
e
a
c
h
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
−
Seq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
:
t
h
is
n
u
m
b
e
r
is
also
ca
lled
d
est
in
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
wh
ich
it
is
ap
p
lied
to
p
r
o
h
ib
it
p
ath
s
f
r
o
m
g
o
in
g
in
to
in
f
i
n
ity
ass
o
ciate
d
with
class
ic
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
S
o
,
th
e
p
ath
th
at
h
as lar
g
est s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
m
ea
n
in
g
th
is
p
ath
is
m
o
r
e
r
ec
e
n
t u
p
d
ate
d
p
ath
.
−
R
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
:
s
o
m
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
u
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
z
o
n
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
f
lo
o
d
i
n
g
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
ests
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
two
ty
p
es:
in
ter
io
r
an
d
ex
ter
io
r
(
p
er
ip
h
er
al)
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
io
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e
th
e
n
o
d
es wh
o
s
e
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
in
s
id
e
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
wh
e
r
e
r
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
r
a
d
iu
s
eq
u
als
d
h
o
p
s
an
d
th
ese
n
o
d
es
u
s
ed
lin
k
s
tate
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
W
h
ile
th
e
ex
ter
io
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e
th
o
s
e
n
o
d
es
th
at
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
o
u
ts
id
e
r
o
u
tin
g
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
an
d
th
ey
ar
e
u
s
ed
D
SR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
N
o
w
,
w
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
t
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
d
o
f
i
r
s
t
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
t
e
s
t
f
o
r
E
-
D
S
D
V
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
t
e
s
t
,
w
e
w
i
l
l
t
r
y
t
o
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
a
n
e
w
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
(
n
4
)
u
s
i
n
g
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
E
-
D
S
D
V
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
t
a
b
l
e
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
(
n
4
)
i
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
e
d
b
y
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
E
-
D
S
D
V
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Netwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
ap
p
ly
in
g
E
-
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
T
ab
le
1
.
R
o
u
tin
g
tab
le
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
f
o
r
n
4
u
s
in
g
E
-
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
V
e
c
t
o
r
D
i
r
e
c
t
e
d
N
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
N
o
d
e
s
N
e
w
D
i
st
a
n
c
e
V
e
c
t
o
r
D
e
st
.
C
o
s
t
SN
B
y
n
2
B
y
n
3
B
y
n
5
B
y
n
6
C
o
s
t
SN
V
i
a
n
1
-
-
5
5
/
5
4
0
/
4
-
-
55
5
n
2
n
2
20
5
2
0
/
5
3
5
/
4
-
-
20
5
n
2
n
3
10
4
4
5
/
5
1
0
/
4
-
-
45
5
n
2
n
5
20
2
-
-
2
0
/
2
5
5
/
4
55
4
n
6
n
6
15
4
4
5
/
5
-
6
0
/
2
1
5
/
4
45
5
n
2
n
7
-
-
-
-
4
5
/
2
4
5
/
4
45
4
n
6
n
8
-
-
-
-
5
0
/
2
-
50
2
n
5
Fo
r
s
ec
o
n
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
test
,
we
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
h
av
e
a
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
o
r
d
er
to
test
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
o
u
r
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
d
esti
n
atio
n
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
zo
n
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
DS
-
Z
R
P),
an
d
as
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
d
esti
n
at
i
o
n
(
D
)
is
n
o
t
with
in
n
o
d
e
(
s
)
z
o
n
e,
s
o
we
will
ap
p
ly
s
tep
3
o
f
ab
o
v
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
t
o
f
in
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
(
s
)
to
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
ass
u
m
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
is
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
with
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
is
2
.
So
,
we
will
s
p
lit
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
in
to
s
o
m
e
zo
n
es
wit
h
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
(
2
)
an
d
th
ey
will
b
e
two
ty
p
es
o
f
n
o
d
es:
in
ter
io
r
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es
an
d
ex
ter
io
r
(
p
er
i
p
h
er
al)
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
io
r
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
li
n
k
s
tate
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
s
id
e
th
e
zo
n
e
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
as
a
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic,
wh
ile
t
h
e
p
e
r
ip
h
er
al
zo
n
e
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
f
in
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
z
o
n
e
also
tak
in
g
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t
p
at
h
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
T
h
en
,
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
ap
p
l
y
in
g
DS
-
Z
R
P
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
as
f
o
llo
ws
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
:
−
No
d
e
(
S)
s
en
d
s
R
R
E
Q
to
all
its
p
er
ip
h
er
al
n
o
d
es (
(C
,
D,
E
,
F,
H)
)
u
s
in
g
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
−
Usi
n
g
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
,
o
n
ly
n
o
d
e
(
C
)
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
R
R
E
Q
s
in
ce
it h
as a
h
ig
h
er
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
.
−
T
h
en
,
n
o
d
e
(
C
)
s
en
d
s
R
R
E
Q
t
o
all
its
p
er
ip
h
er
al
n
o
d
es (
(J
,
K,
I)
)
u
s
in
g
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
−
Usi
n
g
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
o
n
ly
n
o
d
e
(
K
)
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
R
R
E
Q
s
in
ce
it
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
en
,
n
o
d
e
(
K)
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
h
o
s
t
(
D)
is
with
in
s
am
e
its
zo
n
e
an
d
th
en
r
etu
r
n
R
R
E
P
b
y
r
ev
er
s
in
g
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ath
s
u
ch
as [
K
-
C
-
S
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eme
r
g
ed
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
fo
r
w
ir
e
less
n
etw
o
r
k
s
(
Dh
ey
a
a
Ja
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
877
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Netwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
ap
p
ly
in
g
DS
-
Z
R
P r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Op
tim
al
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
(
S)
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
u
s
in
g
DS
-
Z
R
P r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
I
n
th
ir
d
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
test
,
we
will
ch
ec
k
o
u
r
last
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
a
n
OL
S
-
DSR
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
to
d
o
o
u
r
test
an
d
we
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
u
s
in
g
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
b
el
o
w
an
d
th
e
n
s
o
lv
e
a
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
ex
am
p
le
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
s
en
d
in
g
p
a
ck
ets f
r
o
m
n
o
d
e
(
S)
to
n
o
d
e
(
D)
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ic
is
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
e
r
with
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
is
2
.
−
N
o
d
e
(
S
)
s
e
n
d
s
R
R
E
Q
t
o
a
l
l
i
ts
m
u
l
t
i
p
o
i
n
t
r
e
l
a
y
s
s
o
i
t
wi
l
l
s
e
n
d
R
R
E
Q
t
o
n
o
d
e
s
(
A
,
F
)
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
−
Sin
ce
th
e
R
R
E
Q
p
ass
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
d
e
(
C
)
,
s
o
it is
also
f
o
r
war
d
it to
n
o
d
e
(
H)
.
−
T
h
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
will
b
e
in
r
ev
er
s
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tai
n
in
g
p
air
s
o
f
m
u
ltih
o
p
s
r
elay
s
an
d
h
ig
h
er
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
let
u
s
tak
e
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
R
R
E
Q
as
(
C
,
F,
I
,
L
)
-
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
u
p
d
ated
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
an
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
as
[
C
/5
,
F/5
,
I
/7
,
L
/1
1
]
wh
ich
it
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
h
ea
d
er
o
f
p
ath
co
n
tain
s
p
ai
r
o
f
[
No
d
e/S
N]
.
−
No
w,
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
s
en
t o
v
e
r
th
i
s
p
ath
[
C
/5
,
F/5
,
I
/7
,
L
/1
1
]
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
−
Ass
u
m
e
SN
n
is
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
at
n
o
d
e
(
n
)
.
W
e
will
ass
u
m
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
clar
if
y
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Op
tim
al
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
(
S)
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
(
D)
u
s
in
g
OSL
-
DSR
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
C
/5
,
F/5
,
I
/7
,
L
/1
1
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
8
71
-
87
9
878
I
n
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
am
o
n
g
th
ese
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
v
er
s
u
s
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
m
ain
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
p
er
io
d
ical
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t,
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
h
ea
d
,
b
an
d
wid
th
o
v
e
r
h
ea
d
,
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
an
d
late
n
cy
.
T
h
is
tab
le
s
h
o
ws
th
at
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
th
a
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
ep
ar
ately
.
T
ab
le
2
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
em
er
g
ed
en
h
an
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
v
s
.
tr
ad
itio
n
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
R
o
u
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
P
e
r
i
o
d
i
c
a
l
B
r
o
a
d
c
a
st
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
su
me
d
La
t
e
n
c
y
D
S
D
V
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
M
ED
I
U
M
D
S
R
H
I
G
H
M
ED
I
U
M
M
ED
I
U
M
M
ED
I
U
M
H
I
G
H
O
LSR
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
H
I
G
H
ZR
P
M
ED
I
U
M
M
ED
I
U
M
M
ED
I
U
M
H
I
G
H
M
ED
I
U
M
E
-
D
S
D
V
LO
W
M
ED
I
U
M
H
I
G
H
M
ED
I
U
M
LO
W
DS
-
ZR
P
LO
W
M
ED
I
U
M
M
ED
I
U
M
LO
W
LO
W
O
LS
-
D
S
R
LO
W
LO
W
LO
W
LO
W
LO
W
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
will
tr
y
to
e
x
p
lo
it
th
e
m
ain
b
e
n
ef
its
f
r
o
m
k
n
o
wn
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
s
u
ch
as
DS
R
,
D
SDV,
OL
SR
an
d
Z
R
P
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
n
ew
em
er
g
ed
en
h
an
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
th
an
th
o
s
e
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
wir
e
less
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
y
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
p
ath
am
o
n
g
n
o
d
es
at
s
am
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
in
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
E
-
DSDV
,
we
co
n
s
id
er
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
s
,
an
d
co
s
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
m
er
g
in
g
DSDV
an
d
Z
R
P
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
s
o
we
h
av
e
DS
-
Z
R
P
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
At
th
is
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
r
o
m
DSDV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
z
o
n
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
r
o
m
Z
R
P
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
c
o
m
es
f
r
o
m
m
er
g
in
g
th
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
OL
SR
an
d
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
to
h
av
e
a
n
ew
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
n
am
ed
OL
S
-
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
At
th
is
n
e
w
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
elec
ts
its
MP
R
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
zo
n
e
r
ad
iu
s
af
ter
th
at
th
e
n
o
d
e
f
lo
o
d
s
o
n
ly
its
lin
k
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
to
its
MPR
n
o
d
es
in
s
tead
to
all
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es.
T
h
en
,
th
ese
MPR
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
to
f
lo
o
d
th
e
r
o
u
te
ca
s
h
in
g
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
is
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
wh
ich
g
iv
es
in
s
tan
tly
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
in
ten
d
ed
r
o
u
te
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
wh
ich
it is
th
e
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
DSR
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
K.
Da
s,
S
.
S
a
m
a
n
ta,
N
.
De
y
,
a
n
d
R.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
De
sig
n
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
f
o
r
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s,”
I
n
Ne
two
rk
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
13
-
9
5
7
4
-
1.
[2
]
M.
Z.
Ch
o
wd
h
u
r
y
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
jala
l,
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
Y.M
.
Ja
n
g
,
“
6
G
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s:
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
c
h
a
l
len
g
e
s,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
d
irec
ti
o
n
s,
”
IEE
E
Op
e
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
S
o
c
iety
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
9
5
7
-
9
7
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
o
jco
m
s.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
1
0
2
7
0
.
[3
]
N.
H.
Alk
h
a
z
a
a
li
,
R.
A.
Alji
z
n
a
wi,
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r
,
a
n
d
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
“
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
5
G
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts),
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
Ne
two
r
k
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
S
c
ien
c
es
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
-
2
0
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
2
3
6
/i
jcn
s
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
0
5
b
0
2
0
.
[4
]
H.
N.
Da
i,
R.
C.
W.
W
o
n
g
,
H.
Wan
g
,
Z.
Z
h
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
A.
V.
Va
si
lak
o
s,
“
Big
d
a
ta
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
fo
r
lar
g
e
-
sc
a
le
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s,”
AC
M
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
S
u
rv
e
y
s (CS
UR)
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/3
3
3
7
0
6
5
.
[5
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
a
n
d
O.
A.
Ha
m
a
d
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
Io
T
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Us
in
g
a
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
50
-
6
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
W.
A.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
a
n
d
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
“
A
P
ro
p
o
sa
l
Al
g
o
rit
h
m
to
S
o
lv
e
De
lay
C
o
n
stra
i
n
t
Lea
st
C
o
st
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
P
ro
b
lem
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
J.
Yi,
A.
Ad
n
a
n
e
,
S
.
Da
v
i
d
,
a
n
d
B.
P
a
rre
in
,
“
M
u
lt
ip
a
th
o
p
t
imiz
e
d
li
n
k
sta
te
ro
u
t
in
g
fo
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
two
rk
s.
A
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
28
-
4
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
a
d
h
o
c
.
2
0
1
0
.
0
4
.
0
0
7
.
[8
]
S
.
Ka
laiv
a
n
a
n
,
“
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
se
rv
ice
(Qo
S
)
a
n
d
p
rio
ri
ty
a
wa
re
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
a
n
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
i
n
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Am
b
ien
t
I
n
tel
li
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Hu
ma
n
ize
d
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
1
-
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
2
6
5
2
-
0
2
0
-
0
1
7
6
9
-
7
.
[9
]
C.
An
a
sta
sia
d
e
s,
J.
Web
e
r
,
a
n
d
T
.
Bra
u
n
,
“
Dy
n
a
m
ic
u
n
ica
st:
I
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
-
c
e
n
tri
c
m
u
l
ti
-
h
o
p
ro
u
ti
n
g
fo
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
r
k
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
7
,
p
p
.
2
0
8
-
2
1
9
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
c
o
m
n
e
t.
2
0
1
6
.
0
3
.
0
0
9
.
[1
0
]
S.
A.
Lafta
,
A.
H.
Ali,
M
.
M
.
Ka
re
e
m
,
Y.
A.
Hu
ss
e
in
,
a
n
d
A.
H.
Ali,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
sim
u
lati
o
n
o
f
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ime
d
ia
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s
sim
u
latio
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
OPNET
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
1
7
.
i1
.
p
p
1
-
9
.
[1
1
]
O.
A.
M
a
h
d
i,
Y.
R.
B.
Al
-
M
a
y
o
u
f,
A.
B.
G
h
a
z
i,
A.
W.
A.
Wah
a
b
,
a
n
d
M
.
Y.
I.
B
.
I
d
ris,
“
An
En
e
rg
y
-
Aw
a
re
a
n
d
Lo
a
d
-
b
a
lan
c
i
n
g
Ro
u
ti
n
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
fo
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
s,”
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
2
-
1
3
1
9
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
e
e
c
s.v
1
2
.
i3
.
p
p
1
3
1
2
-
1
3
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
eme
r
g
ed
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
fo
r
w
ir
e
less
n
etw
o
r
k
s
(
Dh
ey
a
a
Ja
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
879
[1
2
]
M.
A.
Ju
b
a
ir
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
si
n
g
le
a
n
d
m
u
lt
i
-
p
a
t
h
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
i
n
m
o
b
i
le
Ad
-
Ho
c
n
e
two
rk
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
-
3
0
0
,
Ju
l.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
1
9
.
i
1
.
p
p
2
9
3
-
3
0
0
.
[1
3
]
M
.
A
b
b
a
s,
H.
M.
T.
Alh
i
lfi
,
a
n
d
T.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
t
io
n
o
f
tw
o
m
o
d
e
ls
i
n
th
e
re
a
c
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
in
m
a
n
e
ts,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
-
3
9
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ij
e
e
c
s.v
2
1
.
i1
.
p
p
3
9
1
-
3
9
7
.
[1
4
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
S
.
S
.
Ab
e
d
a
n
d
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
AO
DV
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
i
n
M
AN
ET
u
sin
g
OPNET
S
imu
lat
o
r,
”
A
n
b
a
r J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
5
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
W.
M
.
Lafta
,
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
,
a
n
d
G
.
M
a
,
“
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Ne
two
r
k
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
Us
i
n
g
P
ro
p
o
se
d
OLRED
a
n
d
OLW
RE
D
S
trate
g
ies
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
F
u
t
u
re
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
-
2
0
4
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
8
1
7
8
/i
jfcc
.
2
0
1
6
.
5
.
5
.
4
7
1
.
[1
6
]
L.
M
.
Be
n
d
a
le,
R.
L.
Ja
in
,
a
n
d
G
.
D.
P
a
ti
l
,
“
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
i
n
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
two
r
k
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Ne
tw
o
rk
S
e
c
u
rity a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
8.
[1
7
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
“
A
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Ro
u
te
Re
p
l
y
S
t
o
rm
P
r
o
b
lem
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
DSR
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
Wi
re
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
s,”
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s:
M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/1
7
5
7
-
8
9
9
x
/
1
0
7
6
/
1
/0
1
2
0
5
8
.
[1
8
]
A.
S
i
n
g
h
,
G
.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
M
.
S
in
g
h
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
OLS
R
,
DSDV,
AO
DV
,
DSR
a
n
d
ZRP
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
u
n
d
e
r
b
lac
k
h
o
le
a
tt
a
c
k
in
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
two
rk
,
”
In
I
n
tel
li
g
e
n
t
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
d
e
v
ice
s
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
-
453
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
10
-
5
9
0
3
-
2
_
4
5
.
[1
9
]
F
.
T.
AL
-
Dh
ief,
N
.
S
a
b
r
i,
M
.
S
.
S
a
li
m
,
S.
F
o
u
a
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A.
Alju
n
i
d
,
“
M
AN
ET
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
ls
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
:
AO
DV
,
DSR
a
n
d
DSDV
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
In
M
AT
EC
we
b
o
f
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
5
1
/ma
tec
c
o
n
f/2
0
1
8
1
5
0
0
6
0
2
4
.
[2
0
]
Y.
F
e
n
g
ji
e
,
Y.
Hu
i
,
a
n
d
Z.
Yi
n
g
,
“
Re
se
a
r
c
h
o
n
DSDV
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
wire
les
s
M
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
,
”
In
2
0
1
8
Ch
in
e
se
Co
n
tro
l
An
d
De
c
isio
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(CCDC)
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
2
9
2
-
4
2
9
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/cc
d
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
4
0
7
8
7
0
.
[2
1
]
R.
R.
Ch
a
n
d
a
n
,
B.
S
.
Ku
s
h
wa
h
a
,
a
n
d
P
.
K.
M
ish
ra
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
AO
DV
,
DSDV,
OLS
R
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
u
si
n
g
N
S
-
3
S
imu
lato
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
&
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rity
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
6
5
,
J
u
l.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
8
1
5
/i
jcn
is.2
0
1
8
.
0
7
.
0
7
.
[2
2
]
P
.
Lav
a
n
y
a
,
V.
S.
K.
Re
d
d
y
a
n
d
A.
M
.
P
ra
sa
d
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
D
S
DV
,
OLS
R
,
AO
DV
a
n
d
D
S
R
f
o
r
M
o
b
i
le
Ad
h
o
c
Ne
two
rk
s
,
”
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
a
n
d
N.
A.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
x
P
ON
n
e
tw
o
rk
fo
r
d
iffere
n
t
q
u
e
u
in
g
m
o
d
e
ls,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
1
-
1
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
a
n
d
Y.
Li
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
v
id
e
o
b
u
ffe
r
fra
m
e
wo
rk
fo
r
v
id
e
o
stre
a
m
in
g
i
n
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
two
rk
s,
”
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
d
o
i.
o
r
g
/
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/2
0
1
8
/6
5
8
4
8
4
5
.
[2
5
]
M
.
Alh
ih
i,
“
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
m
o
d
e
ls
to
imp
ro
v
e
n
e
t
wo
rk
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
a
d
e
q
u
a
c
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
-
1
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
2
3
6
/
jcc
.
2
0
1
7
.
5
6
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.