Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No.
1
,
Octo
be
r
2021
,
pp.
61
1
~
62
0
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
2
4
.i
1
.
pp
61
1
-
62
0
611
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Develop
ment
of
smart pa
rking sy
stem usi
ng inte
rn
et of thi
ngs
co
n
ce
pt
Dwi
Pusp
it
asa
ri
, Nop
ri
ant
o,
Muhamm
ad
Af
if
Hen
draw
an
,
Ros
a And
ri
e A
sm
ara
Depa
rtment
o
f
I
nform
at
ion
T
ec
h
nolog
y
,
Pol
it
ekn
ik
Nege
r
i
Ma
la
n
g,
Mal
ang
,
Indo
nesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
27
,
2020
Re
vised
Ju
l
30
,
2021
Accepte
d
Aug
4
,
2021
The
growing
num
ber
of
vehi
cl
e
s
in
deve
lopi
ng
count
ri
es
ca
uses
a
slew
of
issues,
inc
ludi
ng
the
par
king
s
y
s
te
m
.
The
cur
r
en
t
par
king
s
y
ste
m
is
m
o
stl
y
m
anua
l,
req
uir
e
s
hum
an
int
erv
ent
ion
as
a
sec
urity
s
y
stem,
a
nd
does
not
provide
informa
ti
on
about
av
ai
l
abl
e
par
k
ing
ar
ea
s.
Their
probl
ems
ca
use
nonopti
m
al
par
k
ing
m
ana
gement
.
Furthermore,
i
t ca
n
lead
to
in
co
m
e
lo
ss
and
cri
m
ina
l
a
ct
s.
Th
is
study
addr
esses
one
of
the
po
ss
ibl
e
soluti
ons
b
y
using
the
int
ern
et
of
thi
ng
s
(IoT
)
concept
.
The
p
ark
ing
s
ystem
is
buil
t
b
y
uti
l
iz
ing
a
sm
art
ca
rd,
m
ac
hine
-
to
-
m
a
c
hine
(M2M
)
comm
unic
at
ion,
and
cl
ou
d
m
onit
oring.
As
a
r
esult,
th
e
sm
art
par
king
s
y
stem
prototy
p
e
has
b
een
provide
d.
The
p
ark
ing
s
y
st
em
business
proc
ess
ca
n
be
don
e
autom
at
ic
a
l
l
y
,
and
it
prov
ide
s
a
m
ore
sec
ure
p
ar
king
sec
uri
t
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
Th
e
proposed
par
kin
g
s
y
stem
arc
h
it
e
cture
al
so
provid
e
s
a
pra
ctical
s
y
s
te
m
.
The
s
y
ste
m
onl
y
took
aro
und
1
s
ec
ond
to
per
form
the d
at
a
tra
nsm
ission
bet
wee
n
nodes.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
In
te
r
net
of thin
gs
Ma
chine
-
to
-
m
achine
Sm
art p
ark
in
g
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Dw
i
Pu
s
pitasa
r
i
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f Info
rm
at
ion
Te
chnolo
gy
Po
li
te
kn
i
k Nege
ri Mal
ang
So
e
karn
o
-
Hatt
a
St.
No.
9,
Ma
la
ng
,
Ja
wa
Tim
ur, In
donesia
Em
a
il
: dw
i.p
uspit
asari@
po
li
nem
a.ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
gro
wing
num
ber
of
ve
hic
le
s
in
dev
el
opi
ng
c
ountries
ha
s
create
d
ne
w
issues.
O
ne
of
the
big
gest
pro
blem
s
is
the
pa
rk
i
ng.
T
he
m
ajo
rity
of
dev
el
op
i
ng
co
un
t
ries
face
pa
rk
i
ng
issues
su
c
h
as
a
tra
di
ti
on
al
ti
cketi
ng
parki
ng
syst
em
,
unm
anag
ed
pa
r
kin
g
areas
,
ine
ffec
ti
ve
us
e
of
pa
rk
i
ng
lots,
pa
r
king
sec
ur
it
y
s
yst
e
m
s,
and
dis
obedie
nt
pa
r
king
use
rs.
N
on
et
heless,
parkin
g
is
on
e
of
the
r
et
ribu
ti
ons
col
le
ct
ed
by
t
he
local
gove
rn
m
ent
in
so
m
e
cou
ntri
es,
su
c
h
as
I
ndonesi
a.
F
urt
he
rm
or
e,
an
unm
anag
ed
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
em
can
cause
reg
i
on
al
inc
ome
loss
and
crim
inal
act
s.
Now
adays,
the
m
os
t
co
m
m
on
park
ing
syst
em
in
dev
el
opin
g
co
untrie
s
reli
es
on
m
anual
ti
cketi
ng
syst
e
m
s
bo
th
in
on
-
street
parking
a
nd
pa
rk
i
ng
areas
.
This
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
em
us
es
a
pap
e
r
ti
cket
as
a
par
ki
ng
rec
ei
pt.
In
te
rm
s
of
sec
ur
it
y,
m
ai
nly
in
the
pa
rk
i
ng
a
rea,
pa
r
king
us
e
rs
ta
ke
the
parkin
g
ti
cket
at
the
pa
rk
i
ng
gate
be
fore
e
nter
in
g
the
parki
ng
a
rea.
The
ti
cket
will
be
c
he
cked
by
a
sec
ur
it
y
gu
a
r
d
be
fore
the
us
e
rs
ca
n
le
ave
the
pa
r
king
area.
T
he
biggest
pro
blem
with
this
syst
em
is
that
par
kin
g
us
e
r
s
sh
oul
d
keep
a
piece
of
pa
pe
r
un
ti
l
they
l
eave
the
pa
r
kin
g
area
.
Mo
re
ov
e
r,
the
ti
cke
t
do
e
sn’t
gua
r
antee
secur
it
y.
As
lo
ng
a
s
s
om
eon
e
has
the
ti
cket,
they
can
le
a
ve
the
pa
rk
i
ng
area,
e
ven
dri
ve
oth
e
r
cars
[
1]
,
[2
]
.
Fr
om
the
par
ki
ng
us
er'
s
po
i
nt
of
vie
w,
so
m
et
i
m
es
it
is
har
d
to
know
the
a
vaila
ble
parkin
g
slots.
T
he
cu
rr
e
nt
syst
e
m
do
esn’
t
te
ll
par
king
use
rs
ab
ou
t
the
exact
avail
able
slots.
The
refore
,
parkin
g
us
e
r
s
ta
ke
a
lon
g
ti
m
e
to
fin
d
a
n
a
vaila
ble
slot.
T
he
avail
able
park
ing
slot
in
f
orm
at
ion
is
idea
ll
y
sh
own
to
parkin
g
us
e
rs
before
enterin
g
th
e
pa
rk
i
ng
a
rea.
It
c
an
be
do
ne
by
m
on
it
or
ing
a
ll
parkin
g
sl
ots
in
the
pa
rk
i
ng
a
rea.
T
his
is
the
m
a
in
chall
enge
of
a
n
a
dv
a
nce
d
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
e
m
.
The
inte
rn
et
of
thin
gs
(
I
oT)
m
ay
be
the
be
st
appr
oach
t
o
so
lvi
ng
this issue
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
, N
o.
1
,
Oct
ober
20
21
:
61
1
-
62
0
612
Io
T
is
a
par
a
di
gm
to
m
ake
a
m
achine
able
to
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
ano
t
her
m
achine.
It
is
known
as
m
achine
to
m
achine
(M2M)
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
[3
]
.
It
is
widely
ad
op
te
d
in
m
any
fiel
ds
,
s
uch
a
s
ho
m
e
autom
at
ion
,
in
du
st
rial
aut
oma
ti
on
,
healt
h
c
are,
e
ve
n
t
he
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
em
[4
]
-
[8
]
.
I
oT
is
al
so
a
ble
to
al
low
a
com
m
on
el
ect
ro
nic
dev
ic
e
t
o
be
rem
otely
con
tr
olled.
By
usi
ng
se
nsors
a
nd
gate
ways,
it
gu
a
ra
ntees
that
us
ers
are
able
to
m
a
nag
e
t
he
de
vic
es
by
sh
a
rin
g
inf
or
m
at
ion
bet
ween
t
he
de
vic
es.
This
par
a
di
gm
is
a
lso
ref
e
rr
e
d
to
as
sm
art
dev
ic
es.
Com
bin
in
g
sm
art
dev
ic
es
into
a
sm
art
env
i
ronm
ent
not
on
ly
a
dvanc
e
s
de
vice
util
iz
at
ion
,
bu
t al
s
o
im
pr
oves t
he user
experie
nce.
A
sm
art
par
king
syst
e
m
is
a
s
yst
e
m
that
util
i
zes
the
Io
T
c
oncept
to
m
anag
e
the
pa
rk
i
ng
area.
It
can
autom
at
e
the
parkin
g
gate,
record
t
he
tra
ns
act
io
n,
valid
at
e
or
aut
hori
ze
the
pa
rk
i
ng
us
er
,
or
eve
n
send
inf
or
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
avail
able
pa
rk
i
ng
slots
[9
]
-
[11].
In
t
his
stud
y,
w
e
desc
ribe
the
desi
gn
of
a
sm
art
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
e
m
us
ing
the
Io
T
c
on
ce
pt
to
e
nh
a
nce
t
he
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
e
m
by
aut
om
ating
pa
rk
i
ng
re
cords
a
nd
im
pr
ovin
g
the
secu
rity
sy
stem
by
util
izi
ng
a
sm
art
card
.
T
he
sm
art
parkin
g
syst
em
will
pr
ov
ide
fu
ll
y
autom
at
i
c
with
secur
e
c
ontr
ol
and
t
he
abili
ty
to
m
on
it
or
the
syst
e
m
us
ing
a
n
onli
ne
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
em
.
It
is
al
so
desig
ne
d
to
m
ini
m
alize
the
us
e
of
the
int
ern
et
on
the
pa
rt
of
us
e
rs.
T
he
sm
art
par
ki
n
g
syst
em
was
al
so
bro
ught
in
to
m
anag
e
the
m
ulti
ple
nu
m
bers
of
a
pa
r
king
lot,
al
lowing
it
to
m
axi
m
iz
e
t
he
pa
rk
i
ng
l
ot's
util
it
y.
This
stud
y
aim
s
to
unde
rstan
d
the
ar
chite
ct
ur
e
a
nd
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
bet
ween
var
i
ou
s
ha
r
dware
,
s
of
t
ware,
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
protoc
ol
s to
dev
el
op an i
de
al
sm
art p
ark
in
g
syst
em
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
In
t
his
stu
dy,
we
f
oc
us
e
d
on
ap
plied
rese
ar
ch.
We
fo
c
us
on
the
a
pp
li
cat
ion
of
sm
art
c
ard
s
an
d
th
e
internet
of
thi
ng
s
(
I
oT)
to
t
he
sm
art
parki
ng
syst
em
.
This
stud
y
was
done
by
im
ple
m
enting,
te
sti
ng
,
a
nd
evaluati
ng
the
abili
ty
of
sm
art
card
a
nd
I
oT
con
ce
pts
t
o
s
olv
e
a
pr
act
ic
al
pro
blem
in
the
pa
rk
i
ng
m
anag
e
m
ent
syst
e
m
.
2.1.
Sm
ar
t
c
ar
d d
esi
gn
In
t
his
stu
dy,
we
de
sig
ned
a
sm
art
card
parkin
g
syst
em
that
is
on
ly
acce
ssible
by
aut
horize
d
us
e
rs
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
we
need
a
de
vice
to
pro
ve
us
er
identit
y.
The
re
are
num
ero
us
al
te
rn
at
ives
to
pro
vid
in
g
pro
of
of
identit
y,
su
c
h
a
s
ba
rcodes
,
qu
i
ck
respo
ns
e
(
QR
)
co
des
, o
r
s
m
art
card
s
a
nd
QR
c
odes
a
re th
e
sim
plest
sol
ution
.
Howe
ver,
loca
l
storag
e
on
a
no
t
her
de
vice
or
a
cl
oud
se
r
vice
is
re
qu
ire
d
to
st
or
e
us
e
r
identit
y.
It
le
ads
t
o
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
pro
blem
s
du
e
to
the
interne
t
con
ne
ct
ion
as
a
par
ki
ng
a
rea
is
placed
on
th
e
groun
d.
Mo
r
eov
e
r,
a
sm
art
card
de
vice
is
a
ble
to
store
a
sm
al
l
a
m
ou
nt
of
in
for
m
at
ion
.
It
is
of
te
n
e
m
bed
de
d
with
rad
i
o
f
re
quency
identific
at
ion
d
a
t
a
(
R
F
I
D
)
f
o
r
d
a
t
a
c
om
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
R
F
I
D
c
om
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
b
a
r
c
o
d
e
s
a
n
d
Q
R
c
o
d
e
s
a
r
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
m
a
n
y
-
to
-
m
a
n
y
c
om
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
H
e
n
c
e
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
a
d
b
y
m
a
n
y
r
e
a
d
e
r
s
[
1
]
,
[
1
3]
.
It
al
so
do
es
n’t
nee
d
an
i
ntern
et
c
onnecti
on
to
do
t
he
da
ta
exch
a
nge.
A
no
t
her
a
dvanta
ge
of
RFID
ba
sed
s
m
art
card
s
is
t
heir
wireless
da
ta
transm
issi
on
.
The
se
a
bili
t
ie
s
of
RF
ID
ba
sed
sm
art
car
ds
a
r
e
ideal
as
proof of
ide
ntit
y i
n
the sm
art p
ar
ki
ng syst
em
.
We
u
ti
li
zed
a
m
ifare
-
base
d
s
m
art
card
.
Ta
ble
1
sho
ws
t
he
data
sto
red
on
the
sm
art
card
i
n
our
desig
n.
T
he
M
ifare
sm
art
card
is
able
to
sto
re
1024
byte
s
of
data
div
i
ded
into
16
sect
or
s
[14].
Each
s
e
ct
or
is
div
ide
d
into
4
blo
c
ks
.
I
n
our
sm
art
card
desi
gn,
we
onl
y
em
plo
y
on
e
sect
or.
More
ov
e
r,
we
div
i
ded
the
s
m
art
card’s
bl
ocks
into
tw
o
pu
rpo
ses.
The
first
pur
po
se
is
to
s
tore
aut
he
ntica
ti
on
data.
We
us
e
the
fi
rst
bl
ock
t
o
store
a
uth
e
ntica
ti
on
da
ta
.
Th
e
authe
ntica
ti
on
data
is
sta
ti
c
data
that
will
be
wr
it
te
n
on
e
ti
m
e
du
ri
ng
sm
a
rt
car
d
per
s
onal
iz
at
ion.
The
a
uth
e
ntica
ti
on
data
ta
ke
s
16
byte
s
of
da
ta
.
The
seco
nd
pur
pose
is
to
store
tra
ns
act
ion
al
data.
T
he
trans
act
ion
al
data
r
eserv
e
s
3
blo
c
ks
of
data
.
Th
e
transacti
onal
data
stores
7
ty
pes
of
i
nform
at
ion,
wh
ic
h
are
the
ve
hicle
re
gistr
at
ion
num
ber
,
transacti
on
dat
e,
the
ve
hicle
's
sta
tus,
pa
r
kin
g
gate
num
ber
,
th
e
us
er
’s
I
D
num
ber,
sm
art
car
d
ex
pire
d
date,
and
sm
art
card
sta
tus.
Veh
ic
le
sta
tus
reco
r
ds
inf
orm
ation
abou
t
veh
ic
le
s
t
hat
enter
a
nd
exit
t
he
parkin
g
lot.
More
over,
t
he
sm
art
card
s
ta
tus
store
s
in
form
ation
a
bout
th
e
act
ive
sta
tus
of
the
sm
art
card
in
our
sm
art
pa
rk
i
ng
syst
em
.
Table
1
dis
play
s
detai
le
d
dat
a
on
t
he
am
ount
of
data sto
red o
n
t
he
sm
art card.
Table
1
. Sm
art
car
d data desi
gn
No
Data
Ty
p
e
Leng
th
1
Veh
icle Reg
istrati
o
n
Nu
m
b
e
r
ASCII
10
2
Tr
an
sactio
n
Date
Hex
ad
eci
m
al
4
3
Veh
icle in Statu
s
Nu
m
b
e
ric
1
4
Parkin
g
Gate
Nu
m
b
er
Nu
m
eric
1
5
The User
’s I
D Nu
m
b
er
ASCII
18
6
S
m
art
Card
Exp
ire
d
Date
Hex
ad
eci
m
al
4
7
S
m
art
Card S
tatu
s
Nu
m
eric
1
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Develo
pm
e
nt
of
sm
art
parki
ng syste
m usin
g i
nternet
of thin
gs
c
oncept
(
D
wi
Pu
s
pitasari
)
613
Accor
ding
to
t
he
I
ndonesi
a
n
gove
rn
m
ent,
th
e
ve
hicle
re
gistrati
on
num
ber
in
I
ndonesi
a
c
on
sist
s
of
a
reg
i
on
al
c
ode,
reg
ist
rati
on
nu
m
ber
,
an
d
a
n
e
xp
i
red
date.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
i
n
this
stu
dy,
the
sm
art
car
d
-
only
s
tores
a
reg
i
on
al
c
od
e
and
a
re
gistrati
on
num
ber
.
T
he
com
bin
at
ion
of
re
gional
co
de
an
d
re
gistrati
on
num
ber
can
be
7
char
act
e
rs
or
10
c
har
act
e
rs
in
le
ng
t
h.
The
f
orm
at
of
the
regi
strat
ion
num
ber
is
"L
N
N
N
N
LL"
or
"L
L
NNN
N
LLL
w
he
re
th
e
first
a
nd
the
seco
nd
di
git
of
"
L"
is
a
re
gional
co
de.
T
he
"
N"
is
the
rand
om
reg
ist
rati
on
nu
m
ber
.
T
he
l
ast
"L"
is
a
sub
-
reg
i
on
al
c
ode.
The
reg
i
ona
l
and
s
ub
-
reg
i
onal
co
des
are
pr
ese
nted
i
n
th
e
Lat
in
al
ph
a
bet
an
d
r
egio
nal
num
ber
s
are
prese
nted
in
num
erical
num
ber
s
from
0
to
9.
F
or
ex
a
m
ple,
N
1234
A
is
a
veh
ic
le
that
wa
s
re
gistered
i
n
ci
ty
of
Ma
la
ng
.
N
is
t
he
re
gional
co
de
for
M
al
ang
,
12
34
is
the
ra
ndom
regi
ste
r
nu
m
ber
,
an
d
A
is
the
sub
-
re
gio
n
of
ci
ty
of
Ma
la
ng
.
As
e
xpla
ined
befor
e
,
it
shou
l
d
be
know
n
th
at
the
veh
ic
le
reg
ist
rati
on
nu
m
ber
con
sist
s
of
t
he
Lat
in
al
ph
a
bet
a
nd
a
num
erical
n
um
ber
.
T
he
refor
e
,
we
st
or
e
t
he
ve
hicle
reg
ist
rati
on
nu
m
ber
in
A
SCII
f
or
m
at
.
The
c
urren
t
t
ran
s
act
ion
date
will
be
us
e
d
t
o
wr
it
e
the
tra
ns
act
io
n
date
data.
It
occurs
ever
y
ti
m
e
the
us
er
ta
ps
the
s
m
art
card
int
o
the
rea
der
on
the
sm
art
par
ki
ng
gate.
It
m
ea
ns
that
transacti
on
dat
e
data
will
be
ov
e
r
wr
it
te
n
ev
ery
tim
e
new
transacti
ons
occ
ur. W
e
use
the D
DMM
YY
f
or
m
at
to
store
tra
ns
act
io
n
date
data
an
d
it
ta
kes
on
ly
4
byte
s
of
data.
More
ov
e
r,
w
e
us
e
a
hex
a
de
cim
al
fo
rm
at
t
o
store
transacti
on
da
te
s
for
ef
fici
enc
y
pu
r
poses.
Ve
hicle
sta
tus
is
the
bo
olean
value
of
a
veh
ic
le
enterin
g
or
le
avin
g
the
parkin
g
a
re
a.
Sin
ce
the
Mi
far
e
sm
art
card
is
una
ble
to
st
or
e
a
boolea
n
data
ty
pe,
we
use
a
si
ng
le
byt
e
of
a
nu
m
erical
data
ty
pe
to
sto
re
t
he
data.
The
"
0"
value
is
for
a
veh
ic
l
e'
s
le
a
ving
sta
tus.
Th
e
"1"
value
is
fo
r
the
veh
ic
le
'
s
entering
sta
tus
.
Par
ki
ng
gate
num
ber
data
is
ano
t
her
ty
pe
of
nu
m
erical
data.
It
on
ly
ta
kes
1
by
te
of
data,
as
in
our
s
m
art
par
king
syst
e
m
.
The
us
er'
s
ID
num
ber
use
s
an
A
SCII
f
or
m
at
t
o
store
the
da
ta
.
W
e
desig
ne
d
it
to
t
ake
18
byte
s
of
A
SCI
I
f
orm
a
t
data
to
sto
re
t
he
in
f
or
m
at
ion
.
T
he
AS
CI
I
form
at
was
e
m
plo
ye
d
to
m
ake
the
us
er'
s
ID
data
m
or
e
r
obus
t.
T
he
data
ty
pe
fo
r
s
m
art
card
exp
irat
io
n
date
da
ta
is
transactio
n
dat
e
data.
The
la
st
data
that
is
stored
on
the
sm
a
rt
card
is
the
sm
art
card
'
s
sta
t
us
.
Sin
ce
it
on
ly
keep
s
act
ive
sta
tu
s
data,
we on
ly
ne
ed
a
sin
gle b
y
te
o
f
a
nu
m
erical
d
at
a ty
pe. T
he data
for
m
at
is iden
ti
cal
to
t
he vehicl
e'
s stat
us
.
2.2.
Sm
ar
t
p
arkin
g
s
ys
t
em
design
ov
er
vi
ew
The
sm
art
par
king
sys
te
m
util
iz
es
m
ult
iple
sensors
a
nd
ga
te
ways
in
ord
er
to
m
ake
the
syst
e
m
ru
n
seam
le
ssly
.
It
sh
oul
d
be
able
to
us
e
m
ulti
ple
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
protoc
ols
to
fu
l
fill
us
er
r
equ
i
rem
ents.
In
this
stud
y,
the
syst
e
m
reli
es
on
m
ul
ti
ple
gr
oups
of
dev
ic
es
c
onnected
over
a
n
et
work
t
ha
t
is
con
trolle
d
by
an
app
li
cat
io
n
us
i
ng
a
s
pecific
prot
oco
l
based
on
t
heir
r
oles.
As
sho
wn
i
n
F
igure
1,
we
div
ide
the
syst
e
m
into
four
m
ajo
r
groups:
se
nsor
node
s,
cl
ie
nt
nodes,
gatew
ay
s,
an
d
se
rv
e
rs.
The
se
nsor
no
de
is
us
e
d
to
colle
ct
inf
or
m
at
ion
an
d
disp
la
y
t
he
r
esults
f
ro
m
the
ser
ver.
T
he
se
ns
or
node
ca
n
no
t
directl
y
c
onnect
to
t
he
se
rv
e
r
du
e
to dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pes
of pr
otoc
ols.
T
heref
or
e
, th
e c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
betwee
n t
he
se
nsor n
ode an
d
the
ser
ve
r
will
be
ha
nd
le
d
by
the
gateway.
The
gateway
is
able
to
com
m
un
ic
at
e
us
ing
m
ulti
ple
pr
oto
c
ols
for
m
essage
exch
a
nge.
Th
e
cl
ie
nt
no
de
is
a
node
that
can
directl
y
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
the
serv
e
r.
I
n
this
syst
e
m
,
we
us
e
a
cl
ie
nt
node
to
per
s
onal
iz
e
the
sm
art
card
an
d
m
on
it
or
the
s
yst
e
m
.
The
ser
ver
c
ollec
ts
al
l
inf
or
m
at
ion
from
the
sens
or
node
a
nd cli
ent
node
. It
is also a
ble to
send
requeste
d
in
f
or
m
at
ion
fro
m
the senso
r a
nd cli
ent
node
.
Figure
1.
Sm
art p
ar
king
desig
n ov
e
r
view
2.3.
Co
m
mu
nicati
on
proto
cols
The
inter
net
of
thing
s
(
I
oT)
s
yst
e
m
dev
el
opm
ent
is
based
on
real
-
ti
m
e,
yet
reli
able
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
protoc
ols.
T
he
re
are
m
any
protoc
ols
that
ca
n
be
us
e
d
in
th
e
Io
T
syst
em
.
Howe
ver,
the
s
el
ect
ion
of
pro
tocols
su
it
able
f
or
de
velo
pm
ent
pu
r
po
s
es
is
chall
e
ng
i
ng
a
nd
it
is
a
diff
ic
ult
ta
sk
f
or
t
he
de
ve
lop
e
r
to
c
hoose
an
eff
ect
ive
one.
The
reas
on
f
or
these
dif
ficu
lt
ie
s
is
the
na
ture
of
the
IoT
syst
e
m
,
and
it
dep
e
nds
on
I
oT
m
essaging
re
quirem
ents
.
U
nl
ike
the
We
b
syst
e
m
,
wh
ic
h
util
iz
es
a
sin
gle
sim
ple
sta
nd
a
r
d
protoc
ol
,
the
hype
rtext
tra
nsfe
r
protoc
ol
(
HTTP),
t
he
I
oT
syst
e
m
can
no
t
rely
on
a
s
ing
le
protoc
ol
for
al
l
pur
pose
s
[
15
]
.
This
is
bec
aus
e
the
sen
sor
node
i
n
the
I
oT
syst
e
m
can
be
us
e
d
f
or
m
an
y
ty
pes
of
net
work
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
th
er
e
is
on
e
sta
ndard
that
m
us
t
be
pro
vid
e
d
by
Io
T
syst
e
m
protoc
ols.
T
he
y
sh
ou
l
d
be
fa
st
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
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-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
, N
o.
1
,
Oct
ober
20
21
:
61
1
-
62
0
614
reli
able
f
or
business
tra
ns
a
ct
ion
s
[16].
P
ro
t
oco
ls
t
hat
pro
vid
e
fast
a
nd
reli
able
tra
ns
act
io
ns
incl
ud
e
the
adv
a
nce
d
m
essage
qu
e
uing
pr
oto
c
ol
(
AMQ
P
)
a
nd
the
j
a
va
m
essage
ser
vic
e
.
Mo
reove
r,
num
ero
us
prot
oc
ols
hav
e
be
e
n
desi
gn
e
d
for
data
c
ollec
ti
on
pur
poses,
es
pecial
ly
from
the
sens
or
no
de.
Protoc
ols
f
oc
us
e
d
on
data
colle
ct
ion
incl
ud
e
m
essage
qu
e
uein
g
te
le
m
et
ry
transpo
rt
(MQT
T)
a
nd
co
ns
trai
ned
app
li
cat
io
n
prot
oco
l
(CAP).
So
m
e
protoc
ols
a
re
desig
ne
d
f
or
instant
m
essagin
g
an
d
onli
ne
pr
e
sence
,
s
uc
h
as
t
he
e
xten
sible
m
essaging
a
nd
pr
ese
nce
prot
oco
l
(
XMPP
)
and
th
e
sessio
n
init
ia
ti
on
pro
tocol
(SIP
)
[
16]
.
Howev
e
r,
in
so
m
e
cases,
the
IoT
syst
e
m
req
uir
es
a
us
er
inter
face
(e.
g.
the
web)
to
adm
inist
er
the
serv
ic
es.
The
refor
e
,
thes
e
syst
e
m
s
req
uir
e
web
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
t
hroug
h
a
n
inter
net
ser
vi
ce
,
represe
ntati
on
al
sta
te
transf
e
r
(R
E
ST),
wh
ic
h
runs
over
HT
T
P
[
17]
,
[
18]
,
is
the
m
os
t
popula
r
arc
hitec
ture
for
data
ex
cha
ng
e
[
17]
,
[
18]
.
REST
im
ple
m
ents
4
essenti
al
com
po
ne
nts
to
pe
rfor
m
data
exchang
e
,
w
hich
a
re
unifo
rm
reso
urce
locat
or
(
URL
)
,
H
TTP
verb,
HTTP
re
spo
nse
,
and
var
i
ou
s
data
fo
rm
at
s
(e.
g.
exte
ns
ibl
e
m
ark
up
la
ngua
ge
(
XML
)
or
j
a
vasc
ript
obj
ect
no
ta
ti
on
(
JS
O
N
)
)
[19],
[
20
]
.
Be
cause
of
it
s
nu
m
ero
us
re
quirem
ents,
the
Io
T
syst
em
cannot
rely
on
a
sing
le
protoc
ol.
2.4.
Sm
ar
t
p
arkin
g archite
chtu
re
The
c
om
plete
arch
it
ect
ure
of
the
sm
art
par
king
syst
em
is
show
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2.
The
a
rc
hitec
ture
is
div
ide
d
i
nto
f
our
gro
ups,
as
m
entioned
in
s
ec
ti
on
2.2.
T
he
first
gr
oup
i
s
the
se
ns
or
node
s.
It
c
onsis
ts
of
2
ro
le
s.
T
he
first
ro
le
is
the
s
m
art
parkin
g
gat
e
syst
e
m
and
the
seco
nd
r
ole
is
info
rm
at
ion
disp
la
y.
The
second
gro
up
is
the
ga
te
way
node.
T
he
gateway
no
de
act
s
as
a
m
e
ssage
bro
ke
r
f
or
se
ns
or
no
de
s
and
a
cl
oud
s
erv
ic
e.
The
thir
d gro
up is the se
rv
e
r node,
w
hich
c
ol
le
ct
s an
d
pr
oc
esses the
data f
ro
m
the sen
s
or n
ode.
The
la
st
g
r
oup
is t
he
cl
ie
nt, w
hich
is
an ap
plica
ti
on
th
at
can
be use
d by the
sm
art p
ark
in
g sy
stem
ad
m
inist
rator.
Figure
2.
Sm
art p
ar
king a
rch
it
echtu
re
2.4.1. Sens
or node
We
em
plo
y
No
deMC
U
as
a
sens
or
node
c
on
t
ro
ll
er.
T
he
sm
art
card
rea
der
is
place
d
on
the
sm
art
parkin
g
gate
s
yst
e
m
.
It
can
be
found
at
bot
h
the
ent
ry
an
d
exit
gates.
It
is
us
ed
to
rea
d
the
use
r'
s
sm
art
card
da
ta
be
fore
the
us
er
enter
s
the
parkin
g
a
rea.
We
util
iz
e
the
PN532
m
od
ule
as
a
sm
art
card
rea
der.
P
N
532
is
a
m
od
ule
for
co
ntact
le
ss
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
at
13.56
Mhz
whic
h
inclu
des
m
ic
ro
c
on
tr
oller
f
un
ct
io
nalit
y
based
on
80
C
51
with
40K
b
of
R
OM
and
1Kb
of
RAM
[
21
]
.
T
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
di
sp
la
y
node
re
ads
the
data
f
r
om
the
serv
e
r
a
nd
dis
play
s
it
to
the
us
er
.
T
he
in
f
orm
at
ion
that
is
ou
t
go
i
ng
or
in
com
ing
to
the
sens
or
node
w
il
l
be
processe
d
by
t
he
bro
ker
thr
ough
t
he
M
QT
T
prot
oc
ols.
MQTT
w
orks
as
a
publish/s
ubscri
be
m
echan
ism
fo
r
m
achine
-
to
-
m
a
chine
(M2M
)
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
M
QTT
cl
ie
nts
pu
blish
a
m
essage
to
the
MQTT
bro
ker,
w
hich
forw
a
r
ds
the
m
essage
to
the
oth
e
r
cl
ie
nts.
The
m
essage
is
publishe
d
us
i
ng
a
certai
n
a
ddress
,
cal
le
d
a
top
ic
.
MQTT
cl
ie
nts
can
s
ubscrib
e
to
m
ulti
ple
top
ic
s
to
r
ecei
ve
e
ver
y
m
essage
publishe
d
by
the
brok
e
r.
The
MQ
T
T
protoc
ol
is
s
uitable
f
or
c
ommun
ic
at
io
n
betw
een
the
se
nsor
node
an
d
the
bro
ker
due
t
o
t
he
sm
al
l
a
m
ou
nt
of
head
e
r
for
data
trans
fer.
I
n
t
his
arc
hitec
tur
e,
we
em
plo
y
Mosquit
to
as
a
m
essage
broker
syst
em
.
Mosq
uitt
o
was
c
ho
se
n
be
cause
it
was
a
n
ope
n
-
s
ource
pro
j
ect
that
an
yone
c
ould
use
an
d
m
od
ify
.
It
is
al
so
s
uitable
f
or
low
po
wer
si
ngle
boar
d
to
f
ull
serv
e
r
sp
ec
ific
at
ion
s.
It
al
so
us
e
s
TCP
as
a
transpo
rt
prot
oco
l
an
d
e
m
plo
ys
TLS/SSL
to
se
cur
e
it
s co
m
m
un
ic
at
io
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
sm
art
parki
ng syste
m usin
g i
nternet
of thin
gs
c
oncept
(
D
wi
Pu
s
pitasari
)
615
2.4.2. Ga
tewa
y
n
od
e
The
Ra
s
pb
e
rr
y
Pi
was
em
ploy
ed
as
a
gatew
ay
node.
In
our
arch
it
ect
ure,
t
he
ga
te
way
no
de
act
s
as
a
n
MQTT
bro
ker
an
d
a
n
AMQ
P
cl
ie
nt.
T
he
gateway,
as
a
n
MQTT
bro
ke
r,
se
r
ves
as
bo
th
a
publishe
r
and
a
su
bsc
ri
ber
,
de
pendin
g
on
th
e
se
ns
or
no
de
'
s
per
sp
ect
ive.
The
MQTT
bro
ker
act
s
as
a
su
bs
c
ribe
r
wh
il
e
receivin
g
a
m
e
ssage
f
r
om
a
s
m
art
par
ki
ng
ga
te
syst
e
m
.
Ho
wev
e
r,
it
al
so
act
s
as
a
publisher
w
hile
sen
ding
a
m
essage
to
a
sm
art
par
king
inf
or
m
at
ion
di
sp
la
y
node
fro
m
a
cl
ou
d
ser
vice.
T
he
gat
eway
node
is
a
lso
in
charge
of
sen
di
ng
an
d
recei
vin
g
data
from
t
he
cl
oud
ser
vi
ce
via
the
AMQP
prot
oco
l.
Wh
e
n
com
par
e
d
to
the
nodeMCU
,
a
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r
,
the
Ra
spbe
rry
Pi
has
se
ve
ra
l
adv
a
ntage
s
a
s
a
gate
way
no
de.
T
he
Ra
s
pb
err
y
Pi
is
a
sin
gle
-
boa
rd
com
pu
te
r
th
at
has
en
ough
m
e
m
or
y
to
perform
sever
al
t
asks.
We
em
plo
y
a
4GB
m
e
m
or
y
ver
si
on
of
the
Ra
sp
be
rr
y
Pi
to
ha
nd
le
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ta
sk
s
on
both
MQ
TT
and
AMQP.
The
AMQ
P
prot
oco
l
was
us
ed
due
to
it
s
abili
ty
to
suppo
rt
a
request/
res
pons
e
a
rc
hitec
ture
a
nd
al
so
a
pub
li
sh
/s
ubscri
be
arch
it
ect
ure
[
22]
.
Com
par
e
d
t
o
oth
e
r
protoc
ols
s
uch
as
M
QTT,
H
TTP,
or
Co
AP,
AMQ
P
offe
rs
a
m
or
e
secu
r
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
pr
oto
c
ol
[
23
]
.
AMQ
P
em
plo
ys
va
rio
us
a
ppr
oac
hes
to
T
L
S
ne
go
ti
at
io
n
a
s
well
as
a
sin
gl
e
por
t
TLS
m
od
el
,
Pure
TLS
an
d
Web
S
ock
et
tu
nnel
TLS
[23].
Be
cause
of
the
wide
ra
nge
an
d
va
riet
y
of
m
essagi
ng
serv
ic
es
,
AM
QP
ha
s
bee
n
c
ho
s
en
as
a
bu
s
iness
sta
ndar
d
[24].
It
is
su
i
ta
ble
for
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
between
a
li
gh
twei
ght
I
oT
node
a
nd
a
web
cl
ie
nt/se
r
ver
t
hroug
h
a
request/
res
ponse
arch
it
ect
ure
.
I
n
this
res
ear
ch,
we
us
e
d
Ra
bbit
MQ as
an
A
M
QP p
ro
t
oco
l
bro
ke
r.
T
he
Ra
bbit
MQ w
a
s instal
l
ed on t
he
cl
oud ser
ver.
2.4.3.
Server
n
od
e
The
ser
ver
node
em
plo
ys
Do
cke
r
as
a
cont
ai
ner
syst
e
m
.
We
virt
ualiz
e
al
l
the
serv
ers
for
the
sm
art
parkin
g
syst
em
us
in
g
a D
ock
e
r
co
ntaine
r
syst
e
m
. W
e
use
a
c
on
ta
ine
r
syst
e
m
to
increase
t
he
ef
fecti
ve
nes
s
of
a
sing
le
se
r
ver
instance
[25].
It
is
al
s
o
ea
sie
r
to
m
ai
ntain
the
proces
s
an
d
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
be
twee
n
the
virtu
al
iz
ed
ser
ver
s
.
I
n
our
s
m
art
parkin
g
s
yst
e
m
,
we
em
plo
y
4
se
rv
e
rs,
w
hich
a
re
the
databa
se
ser
ve
r,
th
e
m
ai
n
serv
er
,
the
AM
QP
bro
ker
se
rv
e
r,
a
nd
the
reca
pitul
at
ion
ser
ver.
The
m
ai
n
serv
er
is
respo
ns
ible
f
or
perform
ing
dat
a
transacti
ons,
includi
ng
sm
art
parkin
g
sy
stem
per
sonal
iz
at
ion
an
d
m
on
it
or
i
ng.
The
AMQ
P
bro
ker
ser
ver
i
s
responsi
ble
f
or
m
anag
in
g
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
betwee
n
the
m
ai
n
serv
e
r
an
d
the
gateway
node
.
It
act
s
bo
th
as
a
publishe
r
an
d
a
su
bs
c
ribe
r.
It
act
s
as
a
pu
blisher
w
he
n
sen
ding
a
m
essage
to
the
gatew
ay
.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
it
ac
ts
as
a
su
bs
cri
ber
w
he
n
it
receives
a
m
essage
f
ro
m
the
gateway
and
recapitulat
io
n
serv
e
r.
More
ov
e
r,
the
AMQP
bro
ker
serv
e
r
al
so
c
om
m
un
ic
at
es
with
the
m
a
in
serv
er
to
se
nd
dat
a
fr
om
the
gateway.
In
this
case
,
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
occ
ur
s
us
in
g
REST.
T
he
re
capit
ulati
on
se
rv
e
r
m
anag
es
al
l
of
t
he
tra
nsa
ct
ions
occurri
ng in
t
he
sm
art p
ark
i
ng syst
em
.
2.4.4.
Clie
nt n
od
e
As
sho
wn
in
F
igure
2,
the
sm
art
parkin
g
syst
e
m
has
two
cl
ie
nt
nodes,
wh
i
ch
are
pe
rs
on
al
iz
at
ion
an
d
web
m
on
it
or
in
g
nodes.
T
he
pe
rsonali
zat
ion
cl
ie
nt
was
em
plo
ye
d
in
the
re
gistrati
on
syst
em
.
It
per
f
or
m
s
sm
art
parkin
g
re
gistr
at
ion
an
d
wr
it
es
data
to
the
sm
art
card
for
the
us
ers
.
W
e
e
m
plo
y
a
py
tho
n
-
based
de
sk
to
p
app
li
cat
io
n
as
a
pe
rs
on
al
iz
at
ion
cl
ie
nt.
The
per
s
onal
iz
at
ion
cl
ie
nt
is
at
ta
ch
ed
t
o
the
sm
art
car
d
wr
it
er
.
W
e
al
so
us
e
t
he
PN5
32
m
od
ule
on
thi
s
cl
ie
nt.
T
he
de
ta
il
s
about
th
e
data
on
t
he
sm
art
card
wer
e
a
lready
discusse
d
i
n
the p
r
evi
ou
s c
ha
pter.
T
he data
co
ll
ect
ed
from
p
ers
onal
iz
at
ion
w
as s
ent to t
he
m
ai
n
serv
er
u
sin
g
an
a
ppli
cat
io
n
pro
gr
am
m
ing
interface
(API
)
base
d
on
the
REST
arc
hitec
ture.
F
or
sec
ur
it
y
and
proce
ssing
reasons
,
we
us
e
a
REST
-
base
d A
PI
rath
e
r
tha
n direct
ly
accessi
ng the
datab
as
e ser
ver.
As
a
m
on
it
or
i
ng nod
e
, a
m
on
it
or
in
g
ap
plica
ti
on
was
create
d.
W
e u
ti
li
ze a
web
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
to cr
eat
e a
m
on
it
or
ing
note
.
It
co
ntains
a
das
hboard
for
the
sm
art
parkin
g
syst
em
a
dm
inist
rator
to
m
on
it
or
t
he
s
yst
e
m
and
tra
ns
act
iona
l
data.
We
em
plo
y
the
Ja
va
pro
gr
am
m
ing
la
ngua
ge
a
nd
the
REST
API
to
com
m
un
ic
at
e
fr
om
the m
on
i
toring
cli
ent to t
he
m
ai
n
ser
ve
r.
2.5
. D
ata
c
om
munica
tion
The
sm
art
par
king
syst
e
m
c
omm
un
ic
at
es
with
each
ord
er
us
in
g
MQT
T,
AMQ
P,
an
d
REST,
a
s
exp
la
ine
d
in
th
e
pr
e
vious
sect
ion
.
C
omm
un
i
cat
ion
bet
ween
nodes
occ
urs
as
a
resu
lt
of
a
sp
eci
fic
top
ic
,
m
ost
no
ta
bly
on
a
se
ns
or
node
,
gate
way
no
de,
an
d
serv
e
r
node
.
T
he
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
betwee
n
node
s
ca
n
be
di
vid
e
d
into
3
m
ai
n
pairs
of
no
des.
T
he
first
pair
of
nodes
are
the
sens
or
no
de
an
d
the
gateway
node.
As
m
ent
ion
e
d
befor
e
,
the
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
in
this
pai
r
us
es
the
M
QTT
protoc
ol.
T
her
e
f
or
e
,
it
us
es
a
c
ertai
n
to
pic
to
sen
d
an
d
receive
t
he
dat
a,
w
hich
is
pa
r
king/t
rx
a
nd
pa
rk
i
ng
/re
ka
p.
T
he
sm
art
parking
gate
syst
em
publishe
s
data
to
the
gateway
node
us
in
g
the
pa
rki
ng
/t
r
x
top
ic
.
I
t
con
ta
ins
sm
a
rt
card
data
c
om
bin
ed
with
a
s
m
art
card
serial
nu
m
ber
an
d
a
CR
C32
val
ue
as
a
data
cor
r
upti
on
detect
ion
al
go
rithm
.
Th
e
data
was
sen
t
us
ing
this
f
ol
lowing
form
at:
sm
art_card
_s
e
r
ia
l_n
um
ber#v
e
hicle
_r
e
gistrati
on_num
ber#tra
scat
ion_d
at
e
#vehicl
e_in
_s
ta
tu
s#
ga
te
_num
ber#id
#exp
_d
at
e
#card_
sta
t
us
#c
rc
32_v
al
ue.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
, N
o.
1
,
Oct
ober
20
21
:
61
1
-
62
0
616
More
over
,
gat
eway
node
al
s
o
able
to
publi
sh
a
data.
It
is
us
e
d
to
se
nd
i
nfor
m
at
ion
fro
m
the
serv
er
node
to
the
se
nsor
node.
It
ha
pp
e
ns
wh
e
n
th
e
parkin
g/reca
p
top
ic
is
us
e
d.
The
inf
or
m
at
i
on
was
sent
us
ing
the
j
ava
script
ob
j
e
ct
no
ta
ti
on
(J
S
ON
)
f
or
m
at
a
nd
it
was
displ
ay
ed
on
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
dis
play
.
It
con
ta
i
ns
the
transacti
on
I
D,
the
transacti
on
date,
t
he
gate
ID
,
t
he
gate
nam
e,
the
nu
m
ber
of
pa
rk
i
ng
s
lots
us
e
d,
the
num
ber
of avail
able
pa
rk
i
ng slots,
and
the c
urren
t t
im
e.
The
sec
ond
pa
ir
are
t
he
gateway
node
a
nd
the
ser
ver
node
.
These
pairs
e
m
plo
y
AMQ
P
protoc
ols
t
o
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
each
ot
her.
The
gat
eway
node
s
ends
the
dat
a
to
the
serv
er
no
de
us
i
ng
the
parkin
gQue
ue
Trx
to
pic.
It
co
ntains
the
car
d
serial
nu
m
ber
,
gate
nu
m
ber
,
transacti
on
date
,
st
at
us
,
an
d
CR
C32
data.
T
he
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
bet
ween
t
he
gate
way
node
a
nd
the
ser
ver
node
is
m
anag
ed
by
the
br
ok
e
r
serv
e
r.
The
bro
ker
se
rv
e
r
subscri
be
s
to
the
par
ki
ngQ
ueu
e
Tr
x
top
ic
to
receiv
e
the
data.
More
over,
the
da
ta
is
forw
a
r
ded
to
t
he
m
ai
n
serv
er
throu
gh
t
he
P
OS
T
m
et
ho
d
of
REST.
T
he
da
ta
was
colle
ct
ed
an
d
process
ed
on
the
m
ai
n
serv
e
r
befor
e
bei
ng
returne
d
t
o
the
gatew
ay
no
de
.
T
he
pr
e
vious
ly
processe
d
da
ta
is
retu
r
ned
to
the
bro
ker
'
s
ser
ver.
It
was
pu
blishe
d
us
in
g
t
he
pa
rk
i
ngQ
ueueR
ekap
to
pic.
It
c
onta
ins
i
n
form
ation
a
bo
ut
the
transacti
on
dat
e,
gate
nu
m
ber
,
gate
co
de
nam
e,
and
park
ing
slot
avail
a
bili
ty
nu
m
ber
.
Fu
rthe
rm
or
e,
REST
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
was use
d
to
c
omm
un
ic
at
e b
et
ween
a
serve
r a
nd a se
rv
e
r.
The
thi
rd
pair
is
the
ser
ver
node
an
d
the
cl
ie
nt
node
.
I
n
t
his
p
ai
r,
we
e
m
plo
y
the
HT
TP
prot
oc
ol
thr
ough
REST
for
in
f
or
m
at
i
on
exc
ha
ng
e
.
Both
per
s
onal
iz
at
ion
a
nd
m
on
it
ori
ng
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
are
a
ble
to
request
in
f
or
m
at
ion
from
the
serv
e
r
node
se
rv
e
d
by
the
m
ai
n
ser
ve
r.
The
y
us
e
HTT
P
m
et
hods
s
uc
h
as
GE
T
and P
OS
T
to r
ecei
ve
i
nfo
rm
a
ti
on
a
nd se
nd dat
a to the
m
ai
n
server
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
sm
art
parkin
g
prot
otype
e
m
plo
ys
desk
t
op
a
nd
we
b
ap
plica
ti
on
s
at
th
e
cl
ie
nt
node.
The
de
sk
t
op
app
li
cat
io
n
w
as
us
e
d
as
a
s
m
art
card
per
s
onal
iz
at
ion
syst
e
m
.
Figure
3
s
hows
t
he
inter
face
of
the
per
s
onal
iz
at
ion
cl
ie
nt.
T
he
"P
erso
Ka
rtu"
int
erf
ace
is
the
i
nt
erf
ace
t
o
w
rite
data
to
a
sm
art
car
d,
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
Figure
3
(
a
)
.
It
con
ta
ins
a
U
UID,
Nam
e
,
S
tud
e
nt
I
D
,
B
irthd
at
e
,
Lic
e
n
ce
Nu
m
ber
(
ve
hicle
li
cense
plate
nu
m
ber
)
,
an
d
S
e
x
.
Fi
gure
3
(
b
)
s
hows
the
i
nterf
ace
t
o
rea
d
sm
art
card
da
ta
.
The
we
b
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
was
us
ed
to
m
anag
e
a
sm
art
par
ki
ng
syst
em
in
real
-
tim
e.
The
W
e
b
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
sho
ws
inf
or
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
a
vaila
ble
pa
rk
i
ng
slots
f
or
eac
h
parkin
g
a
rea
m
anag
e
d
by
a
s
m
art
parkin
g
s
yst
e
m
.
Moreov
er,
it
al
so
pro
vi
ded
a
sm
ar
t
pa
rk
i
ng
adm
inist
rator
with
inf
or
m
at
i
on
a
bout
the
transacti
onal
data
in
the
s
m
art
parkin
g
syst
em
.
Tran
sact
io
na
l
data
was
obta
ine
d
from
the
gateway
node.
Fi
gure
4
(
a
)
an
d
Figure
4
(
b
)
show
the
web
m
on
it
or
ing
a
ppli
cat
ion
das
hboard a
nd
the tra
ns
act
io
na
l i
nterf
ace
sequentia
ll
y.
(a)
(b)
Figure
3.
Sm
art p
ar
king syst
e
m
p
erso
naliz
at
ion i
nter
face
:
(a
)
sm
ard
car
d w
rite
d
at
a inte
rf
a
ce
an
d
(b)
sm
art card
read data i
nterfac
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
sm
art
parki
ng syste
m usin
g i
nternet
of thin
gs
c
oncept
(
D
wi
Pu
s
pitasari
)
617
(a)
(b)
Figure
4.
W
e
b m
on
it
or
ing ap
pl
ic
at
ion
: (a)
d
a
sh
boa
rd inter
fa
ce an
d (b)
tra
nsc
at
ion
data int
erf
ace
Figure
5
de
pic
ts
the
entire
pr
ot
otype
of
a
sm
art
card
parkin
g
syst
e
m
c
apab
le
of
sim
ulati
ng
real
-
world
co
ndit
ion
s.
The
init
ia
l
conditi
on
of
t
he
sm
art
par
ki
ng
gate
is
cl
ose
d,
a
s
s
how
n
in
Figure
5
(
a
)
.
T
o
e
nter
the
pa
rk
i
ng
ar
ea,
us
e
rs
m
us
t
ha
ve
a
sm
art
card
t
hat
is
al
r
eady
re
gistere
d
in
t
he
sm
art
parkin
g
syst
e
m
.
The
sm
art
card
act
s
as
a
us
er
an
d
veh
ic
le
ide
nt
ifie
r
to
open
the
parkin
g
gate.
The
re
fore,
only
know
n
use
rs
ca
n
enter
or
le
ave
the
parkin
g
a
rea.
T
he
aut
horize
d
us
e
r
is
able
to
ope
n
the
gate
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5
(
b
)
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
t
he
data
on
the
s
m
art
card
w
as
read
by
the
s
m
art
par
ki
ng
gate
and
t
he
data
was
se
nt
to
the
gateway.
As
de
scribe
d
in sec
ti
on
2.5, we
e
m
plo
y t
he
MQTT p
r
oto
c
ol to sen
d
the d
at
a f
ro
m
the sen
sor
n
ode to
th
e
gate
way
usi
ng
t
he
pa
r
king/t
rx
t
op
ic
.
Ta
ble
2
s
how
s
th
e
m
essage
publ
ished
to
the
ga
te
way
node
by
us
in
g
the
pa
rk
i
ng
/t
r
x
top
ic
.
The
da
ta
is
then
for
warde
d
to
t
he
server
node
usi
ng
t
he
AMQ
P
prot
oco
l
us
i
ng
t
he
parkin
gQue
ue
Trx
to
pic.
Ta
bl
e
3
s
hows
the
m
essage
exam
ple
se
nt
from
t
he
gateway
node
to
the
se
r
ve
r
no
de
thr
ough
the
pa
rk
i
ngQ
ueu
eT
r
x
to
pic.
Fi
nally
,
the
data
will
be
colle
ct
ed
by
the
se
rv
e
r
node
a
nd
it
can
be
requested
b
y a
web m
on
it
or
in
g
a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
, N
o.
1
,
Oct
ober
20
21
:
61
1
-
62
0
618
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
i
nfor
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
slot
avail
a
bili
ty
in
a
s
pecific
parkin
g
area
is
disp
la
ye
d
in
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
disp
la
y.
The
i
nfor
m
at
ion
was
sent
from
the
serv
e
r
no
de
to
the
AM
Q
P
bro
ker
us
in
g
the
parkin
gQue
ue
Re
kap
to
pic.
Table
3
show
s
the
inform
ation
detai
ls
sent
us
in
g
parki
ngQ
ueu
eR
e
ka
p.
Th
e
gateway
no
de
wh
ic
h
s
ub
sc
ri
bes
to
parkin
gQue
ueRa
kap
f
orwarde
d
the
i
nfor
m
at
ion
to
inf
or
m
at
ion
di
sp
la
y
us
in
g
parkin
g/rek
a
p
to
pic
th
rou
gh
M
QTT
protoc
ol.
T
he
detai
ls
of
t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
ar
e
show
n
in
Ta
ble
2.
Sm
art
par
king
data
transacti
ons
al
so
occ
ur
duri
ng
p
ar
king
c
hecko
uts.
I
n
th
is
scenario,
the
syst
e
m
change
d
the
veh
ic
le
'
s stat
us an
d updated
th
e transacti
on dat
e record o
n
t
he
sm
art card a
nd the
ser
ver n
od
e
.
I
n
i
d
e
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
s
q
u
i
c
k
a
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
i
n
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
o
u
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
w
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
d
a
t
a
l
o
g
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
.
A
t
o
t
a
l
o
f
5
4
p
i
e
c
e
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
g
a
t
h
e
r
e
d
.
I
t
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
(
v
i
c
e
v
e
r
s
a
)
t
o
o
k
a
r
o
u
n
d
1
s
e
c
o
n
d
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
i
t
t
o
o
k
7
.
5
3
m
s
t
o
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
e
r
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
7
.
5
1
m
s
t
o
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
d
a
t
a
f
r
om
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
e
r
n
o
d
e
t
o
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
c
om
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
s
m
a
r
t
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
i
s
v
i
a
b
l
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
t
o
b
e
p
u
t
i
n
t
o
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
.
Table
2
. M
QT
T to
pics
Top
ic
Messag
e E
x
a
m
p
le
p
arkin
g
/trx
0
b
7
e7
c2
2
#
AB1
2
3
4
YQ#
1
6
0
1
9
9
2
3
1
6
#
1
#
K0
0
1
#
1
3
4
1
1
8
0
0
0
9
#
1
7
4
5
5
4
4
4
0
5
#
1
#
2
1
2
8
1
1
6
1
5
6
p
arkin
g
/rekap
[
{"id
":1,"tang
g
al":"
2
0
2
0
-
10
-
0
6
",
"ko
d
e":"
K0
0
1
",
"na
m
a
"
:"kan
to
n
g
k
u
",
"ter
i
si":3
,"
sis
a":7,
"cata
t":"
1
5
:3
2
:2
8
"}]
Table
3
. AM
Q
P t
opic
s
Top
ics
Messag
e
Exa
m
p
le
p
arkin
g
Qu
eu
eTr
x
{"serial
":
"0b
7
e7
c2
2
",
"
k
o
d
e_
g
ate":
"K00
1
",
"
tan
g
g
al_
trans
ak
si": "
2
0
2
0
-
10
-
0
6
14
:0
9
:2
8
",
"
statu
s": tr
u
e,
"cr
c3
2
":
"25
3
6
6
4
5
2
4
"}
p
arkin
g
Qu
eu
eRekap
[
{"id
":1,"tang
g
al":"
2
0
2
0
-
10
-
0
6
",
"ko
d
e":"
K0
0
1
",
"na
m
a
"
:"kan
to
n
g
k
u
",
"ter
i
si":3
,"
sis
a":7,
"cata
t":"
1
5
:3
2
:2
8
"}]
(a)
(b)
Figure
5
.
Th
e
pr
oto
ty
pe
of s
m
art p
ar
king s
yst
e
m
:
(a)
sm
a
rt p
a
rk
i
ng clos
ed gate
sce
nar
i
o,
(b)
sm
art p
ar
ki
ng ope
ned g
at
e
scena
rio
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
st
ud
y,
a
s
m
art
par
ki
ng
syst
e
m
was
design
e
d
usi
ng
th
e
Io
T
c
on
c
ept.
It
e
m
plo
ys
sev
eral
nodes
,
includi
ng
a
se
ns
or
node
a
nd
a
gateway
node
,
to
record
and
dis
play
inf
or
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
the
pa
rk
i
ng
lot'
s
avail
abili
ty
.
T
his
can
be
use
fu
l
f
or
a
us
e
r
who
wa
nts
to
park
their
ve
hi
cl
e
in
a
certain
parki
ng
area
.
Th
e
transacti
on
data
can
al
so
be
use
d
to
predict
peak
sessio
n
ti
m
es,
al
lowing
parkin
g
lot
m
anag
e
rs
to
pla
n
ahead
of
ti
m
e.
This
st
ud
y
al
so
prese
nted
a
sim
ple
s
ecur
it
y
syst
e
m
us
in
g
a
sm
art
c
ard.
It
dem
on
strat
es
that
the
us
e
of
sm
art
card
s
can
preve
nt
unau
thoriz
ed
us
e
rs
from
check
ing
ou
t
or
insp
ect
ing
the
pa
r
king
area.
F
ur
t
herm
or
e,
the
stud
y
will
be
f
ocu
se
d
on
ad
diti
on
al
fe
at
ur
es
of
the
s
m
art
par
ki
ng
s
yst
e
m
.
It
can
fo
c
us
on
a
dd
it
ion
al
featur
e
s
relat
ed
to
syst
em
secur
it
y,
su
c
h
as
autom
at
ic
detect
ion
of
ve
hicle
li
cense
plate
nu
m
ber
s.
It
can
increase
sm
art p
ar
king sec
uri
ty
w
he
n
c
om
bin
ed
w
it
h a sm
art car
d.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
researc
h
w
as
fina
ncial
ly
su
pp
or
te
d
by
DIPA
S
wa
dan
a
I
novatif,
Po
li
te
kn
i
k
N
ege
ri
Ma
la
ng
unde
r
gr
a
nt
no.
023
.
18.
2.677
606/20
20.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
sm
art
parki
ng syste
m usin
g i
nternet
of thin
gs
c
oncept
(
D
wi
Pu
s
pitasari
)
619
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al
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rne
t
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n
gs
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nic
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l
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ti
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erne
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weri
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rn
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ca
t
ion
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eb
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e
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EE
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nte
rnational
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nfe
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orm
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cs,
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chnol
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mm
unic
ati
on
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d
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F
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i
f
i
c
a
t
i
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n
(
R
F
I
D
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B
a
s
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a
r
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a
r
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2
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3
2
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Based
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o
Frequ
ency
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nti
f
ic
a
ti
on
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FID
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at
the
Fa
c
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Eng
in
e
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I
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”
IEEE
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ca
se
of
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n
g
int
el
l
ige
n
t
B‐t
o‐
B
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m
erc
e
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li
v
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A
C
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b
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-
Ph
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sical
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tem
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ess
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,
“
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rne
t
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s
for
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art
Cit
i
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,”
IE
EE
In
te
rne
t
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Journ
al
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-
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28
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
, N
o.
1
,
Oct
ober
20
21
:
61
1
-
62
0
620
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dwi
Pusp
itasari
rec
e
ive
d
bac
h
el
or
degr
e
e
from
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ic
s
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Instit
ut
Te
knolo
gi
Sepulurh
No
pember
in
200
4
and
m
aste
r
degr
ee
from
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ic
s
Eng
ine
er
ing,
Insti
tut
Te
knologi
Sep
uluh
Nopem
ber
in
2011.
Rese
a
rch
int
e
rests
inc
lud
e
da
ta sci
e
nce
,
Artif
ic
i
al In
te
lligen
ce,
and
c
om
pute
r
vision.
Nop
ri
anto
rec
e
i
ved
bachel
or
de
gre
e
from
th
e
T
ec
hni
ca
l
Inform
at
ion
,
AK
AK
O
M
Yog
y
aka
r
ta,
in
2007
and
M.E
ng.
deg
ree
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
and
Inform
at
i
on
Te
chno
log
y
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Depa
rte
m
ent,
G
adj
ah
M
ada
Uni
ver
sit
y
in
2017.
His
rese
ar
ch
in
te
rests
are
Com
pute
r
Vision
,
Inte
rne
t
of
Thi
n
gs,
and
Sofw
are
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Muhammad
Afif
H
endra
w
an
rec
e
ive
d
bac
h
elor
degr
e
e
from
Depa
rtment
of
Inform
at
ion
S
y
stems
,
Instit
ut
Te
knologi
Sepu
lurh
Nopem
ber
in
2015
and
m
aste
r
degr
e
e
from
Depa
rtment
of
El
ectri
ca
l
En
gine
er
ing,
Institut
Te
knolog
i
Sepuluh
Nopem
ber
in
2017.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
are
in
the
ar
ea
of
art
if
ic
i
al
in
te
l
li
g
enc
e
,
edg
e
computing,
sign
al
pro
ce
ss
ing,
and
br
ain
computer
int
erf
ac
e
.
Ros
a
Andri
e
A
smara
recei
ved
the
B
.
E
.
degr
e
e
in
elec
tron
ic
s
engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Brawij
a
y
a
Univer
s
ity
,
Mal
ang,
Indon
esia,
and
the
M.S.
d
e
gre
e
in
Multi
m
e
dia
eng
ineeri
ng
,
from
Instit
ute
of
Te
chnol
og
y
Sepuluh
Nopembe
r,
Suraba
y
a
,
Indone
sia,
in
2
004
and
2009,
respe
ctively
.
Gradua
te
d
from
Saga
Univer
sity
,
Jap
an
from
Com
pute
r
Scie
nce
Depa
rtment
in
2013
and
be
come
rese
archer
in
S
y
st
em
Crea
t
ion
La
bor
a
tori
um
unti
l
201
4.
Curre
nt
l
y
a
l
ec
tur
er
in
th
e
Inform
at
ic
s Mana
gement
fi
el
d,
D
ept
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
ne
eri
ng
at
S
ta
t
e
Pol
y
te
chn
ic
s
of
Mala
ng,
Indone
sia,
starte
d
from
2005.
Ov
er
11
y
e
ars
on
th
e
insti
tut
ions
,
ha
ve
prin
ci
pa
lly
taught
cour
ses
dea
l
ing
with
C
om
pute
r
Archi
t
ec
tur
e
and
Or
gani
z
at
ions,
Op
era
t
ing
S
y
s
te
m
s,
Com
pute
r
Networki
ng,
Pr
ogra
m
m
ing
and
Algorit
hm
s,
D
at
ab
ase
,
W
eb
Program
m
ing,
an
d
Com
pute
r
Graphi
cs.
Research
int
er
ests
inc
l
ude
signal
proc
e
ss
ing,
image
proc
essin
g,
par
a
ll
e
l
proc
essing,
Artifi
c
ia
l
Int
el
l
ig
enc
e
and
comput
er
vision
.
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