Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
5
51
~
5
55
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
5
51
-
5
55
551
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A compa
ct
h
igh
-
g
ain pa
rasitic p
atch antenn
a
with el
ectronic b
eam
-
s
wi
tch
ing
D.
Subr
am
an
i
am
1
, M.
Jus
oh
2
, T.
S
abap
ath
y
3
, M.
N. Os
m
an
4
, M
. R.
Kam
arud
i
n
5
,
R.
R. Ot
hm
an
6
, M.
R.
Awal
7
1
,2,3,4,6
School
of C
om
pute
r
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
ing, Univ
ersit
i
Malay
si
a
P
erl
is (
UniMA
P),
Malay
s
ia
5
Cent
re
for Elect
ronic
W
arf
are,
I
nform
at
ion
and
C
y
ber
(EWIC),
Cranf
ield
Def
en
ce
and
Se
cur
ity
,
Cranf
ield
Univ
er
sit
y
,
UK
7
School
of
O
ce
a
n
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
siti
Malays
ia
T
ere
ngg
anu
(
UM
T),
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
1
0
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
11
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Nov
2
5
, 201
8
A
high
bea
m
stee
ring
ant
enn
a
using
HP
N
D
PI
N
Diode
is
proposed
with
a
ca
pab
il
i
t
y
of
ste
eri
ng
it
s
b
ea
m
in
to
three
diffe
r
ent
dire
c
ti
ons
-
40
º
,
0º
and
40
º
with
respe
ctive
sw
it
chi
ng
condition.
Th
e
re
con
figura
bl
e
par
asi
t
ic
antenna
consists
of
a
dr
iv
en
elem
ent
an
d
two
rec
onfigu
rab
le
par
asit
i
c
e
le
m
ent
s,
is
designe
d
wit
h
oper
ating
ran
g
e
of
9.
5GH
z
.
T
he
par
asit
i
c
e
lem
ent
s
ac
t
as
ref
lector
s
or
d
ir
ec
tor
d
epe
nd
ing
on
the
sw
itchin
g
condi
t
ions.
B
oth
par
asi
ti
c
el
ements
are
connect
ed
to
ground
p
la
ne
v
ia
sho
rti
ng
pins.
The
re
conf
igurat
ion
is
cont
rol
le
d
b
y
th
e
two
HP
ND
PIN
Diode
sw
it
ch
tha
t
embeds t
o
the
pa
rasit
i
c
elem
ent
.
An a
ver
age
g
ai
n
val
ue
of
8dBi is a
chieve
d
a
t
al
l
re
conf
igur
at
i
on
sce
nar
ios.
Al
l
the
sim
ula
te
d
design
has
bee
n
ca
rrie
d
ou
t
using CST
softw
are
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Be
a
m
sw
it
chin
g
High
gain
a
nte
nn
a
Parasit
ic
an
te
nna
Re
config
ur
a
bl
e anten
na
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
M. Ju
s
oh,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Enginee
rin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s (U
niMAP
),
Kam
pu
s Pa
uh
Pu
tra
, 026
00, Ara
u, Perlis,
Ma
la
ysi
a
.
Em
a
il
:
m
uza
mm
il
@u
nim
ap.
edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
config
ur
a
bl
e
anten
na
is
fl
exibili
ty
to
env
ir
on
m
ents
co
nd
it
io
ns
,
poli
ci
es,
netw
ork
ca
pab
il
it
ie
s
and
oth
e
r
par
am
eter
s
[1
]
.
A
r
ec
onfig
ur
a
ble
an
te
nn
a
is
an
anten
na
that
produces
an
int
ern
al
m
echan
ism
to
red
ist
ri
bu
te
t
he
RF
-
c
urren
ts
over
it
s
s
urf
ace
an
d
th
us
al
te
r
the
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
fie
lds
ove
r
the
a
nten
na
i
m
ped
ance
or
rad
ia
ti
on
pro
pe
rtie
s
[1
]
.
T
he
reconfi
gurab
l
e
anten
na
can
be
integ
rates
in
var
i
ous
cat
egories
su
c
h
as f
re
qu
e
ncy, r
a
diati
on
patte
rn
a
nd
po
l
arizat
ion
. T
his is a v
ery i
m
po
r
ta
nt ap
proac
h
f
or
the a
nten
na
wh
ic
h
can
integ
rate
m
ul
ti
ple
app
li
cat
ion
s
[
1
-
6].
More
ov
e
r,
re
c
onfig
ur
a
ble
an
te
nn
a
is
po
te
nt
ia
l
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
reconfi
gurati
on
an
d
capa
ble
to
be
ad
justed
ind
e
pe
nd
e
ntly
[1
-
5].
This
rese
arch
pr
opos
e
d
on
the
beam
s
t
eeri
ng
anten
na
with
high
beam
.
The
r
adiat
io
n
pa
tt
ern
rec
onfi
gura
ble
ca
n
be
achieve
d
by
us
in
g
P
I
N
Diod
e
s
as
switc
hing
te
c
hniq
ues.
The
f
un
ct
io
n
of
the
switc
h
is
t
o
con
t
ro
l
t
he
R
F
cu
rr
e
nt
fl
ow
to
the
desi
re
d
path.
By
p
er
form
ing
as ON
-
sta
te
or
O
F
F stat
e c
onditi
on
[
3].
This
pa
per
pre
sents
a
com
pact
reco
nfi
gura
ble
anten
na
th
at
capab
le
to
ste
er
the
beam
40º
an
d
the
abili
ty
to
m
ai
ntain
a
good
refl
ect
ion
coe
ff
ic
i
ent.
A
com
pact
and
l
ow
c
omplexit
y
anten
na
has
been
pro
po
s
e
d
in
this
w
ork
a
s
com
par
ed
to
the
pr
e
vious
desig
ne
d
[
1
-
6]
[8
]
.
O
nly
two
switc
hes
are
need
e
d
to
ste
e
r
thr
e
e
diff
e
re
nt
direct
ion
s
wit
h
m
ax
i
m
u
m
bea
m
tilt
ang
le
of
40º
.Apart
f
ro
m
that,
hig
h
gain
i
s
ob
ta
ine
d
at
each
ste
ered
di
recti
on
wh
il
e
opera
ti
ng
at
9.5
G
H
z.
In
pr
e
vious
work
[1
]
,
[
6],
m
os
t
of
the
bea
m
ste
ering
an
te
nn
a
faced
t
he
pro
ble
m
to
achieve
ti
lt
ang
le
m
or
e
than
30º
w
here
the
ste
eri
ng
beam
is
in
the
r
an
ge
of
-
30º
t
o
+
30º.
On
ly
a
fe
w works ha
ve
a
ble t
o
ac
hieve
t
he b
ea
m
steering c
apab
il
it
ie
s is m
or
e
tha
n
±
30º
[
2], [5].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary 2
019
:
5
5
1
–
5
5
5
552
Howe
ver,
the
m
entioned
wor
k
has
high
co
m
plexit
y
in
te
r
m
s
of
desi
gn
t
echn
i
qu
e
s
a
nd
the
am
ou
nt
of
switc
hes.
To
the
a
uthor
’s
be
st
knowle
dge,
none
of
beam
ste
ering
ante
nna
has
ac
hieve
d
lo
w
c
om
plexity
and
has
a
co
ns
ta
nt
ref
le
ct
io
n
coe
f
fici
ent.
Th
ere
f
or
e
,
this
resea
r
ch
pro
pose
d
a
com
pact
reco
nfi
gura
ble
ante
nna
to
achieve
both
m
otivati
ons.
2.
DESIG
N ST
R
UC
T
UR
E
Figure
1
s
how
s
the
structu
re
of
the
pro
pos
ed
anten
na
de
sign.
The
ante
nn
a
c
on
sist
s
of
a
ci
rcu
la
r
patch
dr
i
ven
el
e
m
ent
locat
ed
at
the
centre
a
nd
pa
rasit
ic
el
em
ents
on
t
he
ri
gh
t
a
nd
le
ft
of
dr
i
ven
el
em
ent
with
sli
gh
tl
y
sm
alle
r
r
adi
us
.
The
pro
posed
a
nten
na
has
dim
ension
of
25
m
m
x
50
m
m
and
de
sign
e
d
us
i
ng
T
acon
ic
diele
ct
ric
subst
rate
with
a
t
hickn
e
ss
of
1.6
m
m
and
diele
ct
ric
co
ns
ta
nt
of
2.2.
T
he
dr
i
ve
n
el
em
ent
is
fe
d
with
an
SM
A
pro
be
from
the
back
of
t
he
a
nten
na
with
an
a
ppropr
ia
te
50
Ω
m
at
ching
po
i
nt.
The
fee
d
loc
at
ion
is
base
d
on
t
he
sign
ific
a
nt
i
m
ped
a
nce
m
at
c
hing
a
nd
bette
r
ante
nn
a
ef
fici
ency.
Th
e
dri
ve
n
patc
h
ra
diu
s
is
5.5m
m
;
m
eanw
hile
the
e
ntire
pa
rasit
ic
el
em
ents
rad
i
us
is
5.4m
m
.
This
le
ad
to
the
pus
h
an
d
pu
ll
facto
r
of
t
he
EM
wav
e
by
changin
g
a
n
el
ect
rical
wav
el
eng
t
h
that
co
nt
ro
ll
ed
by
the
swi
tc
hes.
T
he
gap
s
betwee
n
th
e
par
asi
ti
c a
nd drive
n
el
em
ents are kept at
3
m
m
to en
s
ur
e
an
op
ti
m
iz
ed
ti
lt
a
ng
le
.
Tw
o
Pin
diod
e
switc
hes
a
re
locat
ed
at
the
par
asi
ti
c
el
em
ents
w
hich
are
connecte
d
to
the
gro
un
d
plane
via
sho
r
ti
ng
pin
s
.
The
locat
ion
of
t
he
PIN
d
io
de
is
cru
ci
al
det
erm
ining
the
t
il
t
ang
le
.
Mor
eov
e
r,
the
switc
hing
locat
ion
is
to
ens
ur
e
the
c
urren
ts
fl
ow
fro
m
the
par
asi
ti
c
el
e
m
ents
to
the
gro
und.
Pa
rasit
ic
el
e
m
ents
in
the
On
sta
te
act
as
ref
le
ct
or
,
wh
il
e
in
the
O
ff
sta
te
act
as
directo
r
that
w
il
l
pu
sh
an
d
pull
the
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
rn,
res
pecti
vel
y.
In
the
sim
ulati
on
,
the
On
sta
te
of
the
PIN
di
od
e
is
re
presente
d
as
ser
ia
l
RL
ci
rcu
it
with
4.7
oh
m
s
series
resist
or
an
d
the
OF
F
sta
te
is
sim
ula
te
d
as
0.0
17pF
par
al
le
l
capaci
tor
as
s
ug
geste
d
in
the
m
anu
fa
ct
ur
e
r'
s
datash
eet
[7
]
.
Tw
o
inducto
rs
(L
)
with
value
of
39nH
are
inte
gr
at
e
d
on
each
of
the
par
asi
ti
c
el
em
ent.
T
hese
to
ens
ur
e
sm
oo
th
biasing
direc
t
to
flow
t
o
the
switc
he
s
thr
ough
the
pa
rasit
ic
el
e
m
ents an
d a
ct
s as RF c
hoke
.
Figure
1.
Ge
om
et
ry o
f
the
a
nt
enn
a,
(
a
)
T
op
view, (
b) P
IN
Diode
prototyp
e, (
c
) DC
biasing p
r
oto
ty
pe
Be
low
a
re th
e
desig
n form
ulas u
se
d
t
o
cal
cul
at
e the d
im
ension
s
of t
he
c
onve
ntion
al
ci
rcu
l
ar
patch:
(1)
(2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A com
pa
ct
High
-
Ga
i
n p
ar
as
it
ic
p
atc
h an
te
nna w
it
h
el
ect
ronic
Be
am
-
Swit
chin
g
(
D
. Subr
ama
niam
)
553
The
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
P
IN
di
od
e
is
base
d
on
the
inser
ti
on
an
d
isolat
ion
loss
of
the
switc
h.
Each
c
onditi
ons
of
t
he
P
IN
diode
is
c
hanges
the
pe
rform
ance
of
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
an
d
tra
nsm
issi
on
coeffic
ie
nt.
Th
e
act
ivati
on
of
switc
h
in
O
N
-
co
ndit
ion
le
ad
s
to
the
m
axim
u
m
of
the
power
tra
ns
m
issio
n
a
nd
transm
issi
on
c
oeffici
ent.
Iso
l
at
ion
lo
ss
def
i
nes
OF
F
-
c
ondi
ti
on
s
wh
e
re
t
he
w
ho
le
syst
e
m
is
disco
nn
ec
te
d
f
ro
m
powe
r po
i
nts.
The
i
ns
erti
on a
nd isolat
io
n
los
s can
b
e
calc
ul
at
ed
usi
ng:
(3)
(4)
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
T
he
interact
io
n
betwee
n
dri
ve
n
an
d
par
a
sit
ic
el
e
m
ents
is
t
he
key
for
good
m
utu
al
cou
pl
ing
.
I
n
this
work
the
m
utu
al
couplin
g
e
ffec
t
is
us
e
d
t
o
achieve
bette
r
beam
switc
hing
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
Fig
ur
e
2
sho
ws
t
he
ref
le
ct
io
n
coe
f
fici
ent
res
ult
as
res
pect
to
the
beam
patte
rn
recon
fig
urat
ion
.
It
can
be
ex
pecte
d
that
the
config
ur
at
io
n
r
esult
f
or
beam
ste
er
40º
an
d
-
40º
is
sim
i
la
r
due
to
t
he
sy
m
m
e
tric
al
locat
ion
of
t
he
s
witc
hes
.
It
can
be
noti
c
ed
that
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
is
able
to
achi
eve
ref
le
c
ti
on
coeffic
ie
nt
below
-
10dB
f
or
the
al
l
three
switc
h
config
ur
at
io
ns.
More
ov
e
r,
the
se
diff
e
re
nt
sta
ges
sh
a
re
a
co
m
m
on
band
width
f
ro
m
600M
Hz
t
o
700MHz
. Base
d on the
sta
te
of
diode, t
he des
ired beam
steering
a
re
obta
ine
d,
a
s s
how
n
in
Table
1.
Figure
2.
Re
fle
ct
ion
c
oeffici
ent of t
he pr
opose
d
a
nten
na
Figure
3
s
how
s
the
sim
ulate
d
patte
rn
of
rec
onfig
ur
a
ble
pa
rasit
ic
anten
na.
The
a
nten
na
i
s
capa
ble
to
ste
er
at
sp
eci
fic
ang
le
of
-
40º
,
0º
an
d
40º.
W
hen
P
1
an
d
P2
are
ON
,
the
a
nten
na
ste
er
to
0º
with
a
gain
of
7.2
dBi.
By
tur
ni
ng
O
FF
P
1
s
witc
h,
t
he
a
ntenn
a
ste
er
t
o
40º
with
bette
r
gai
n
of
8.1
dBi
com
par
e
to
0º.
Wh
il
e
tu
rn
i
ng
OF
F
P2
it
ste
er
to
-
40º
with
si
m
il
ar
gain
with
40º
.T
he
pro
po
se
d
a
nte
nn
a
has
im
pr
oved
t
he
beam
ste
ering
,
ref
le
ct
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
an
d
ga
in
fr
om
pr
evio
us
w
ork
[
1],
[
6].
The
s
hortin
g
pin
l
ocati
on
is
the
key r
ole to i
de
ntify a sig
nific
ant stee
rin
g
a
ngle
. By s
hortin
g
the
p
a
rasit
ic
ele
m
ents to
the
g
r
ound,
the
pa
rasit
ic
,
it
per
f
or
m
s
as
a
ref
le
ct
or
a
nd
directo
r.
T
he
par
asi
ti
c
act
s
as
a
ref
le
ct
or
will
pu
s
h
the
beam
in
an
oppo
sit
e
directi
on
w
here
ano
the
r
un
-
s
horted
par
asi
ti
c
wo
r
ks
as
a
di
rector
.
T
hese
researc
hes
use
a
Yag
i
-
U
da
a
nten
na
con
ce
pt
as
a
ref
ere
nce
w
hich
i
m
ple
m
ents
par
asi
ti
c
el
e
m
ent
to
reali
ze
t
he
rec
onfig
ur
a
ble
rad
ia
ti
on
pa
tt
er
n.
The
Ya
gi
-
U
da
anten
na
is
c
on
sist
in
g
of
a
sin
gle
dri
ve
n
el
e
m
ent,
five
el
e
m
ents
of
directo
r
a
nd
a
sin
gle
ref
le
ct
or.
The
m
utu
al
coup
li
ng
betwee
n
the
dri
ve
n
el
e
m
ent
an
d
th
e
pa
rasit
ic
el
e
m
ents
le
ads
to
th
e
beam
f
orward.
Figure
4
s
hows
the sim
ulate
d
farfie
ld r
e
su
lt
f
or the
p
r
opose
d
a
nten
na.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary 2
019
:
5
5
1
–
5
5
5
554
Table
1.
Sw
it
c
hing
C
onfig
ur
a
ti
on
Bea
m
Switch
in
g
An
g
le (
ø
)
RF Switch
es
Co
n
d
itio
n
P1
P2
Frequ
en
cy
Cen
tre
,
f
c (
GHz)
4
0
deg
ree
OFF
ON
9
.57
0
deg
ree
ON
ON
9
.47
-
4
0
deg
ree
ON
OFF
9
.57
Figure
3. Ra
di
at
ion
patte
rn fo
r
the
prop
os
e
d
anten
na
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
4. Sim
ulate
d
farfie
ld
r
esult f
or the
propose
d
a
nten
na
at (a) 4
0 de
gree (
b)
0 de
gr
ee
and
(c)
–
40
de
gr
ee
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
c
om
pact
reco
nfi
gura
ble
a
ntenn
a
with
high
beam
ste
ering
us
in
g
HPND
P
in
Di
od
e
is
pro
po
s
ed
wit
h
an
operati
ng
frequ
e
ncy
of
9.5
GH
z
.
T
he
pro
pose
d
a
nten
na
a
ble
to
ste
er
the
beam
to
th
ree
directi
ons
at
-
40º,
0º
and
+4
0º
with
an
a
ver
a
ge
pea
k
gain
of 8
dBi.
By
op
ti
m
iz
ing
the
s
witc
hing locati
on
s
,
the
pro
posed
ante
nna
ha
s
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
ste
er
the
beam
a
t
the
best
ti
lt
a
ng
le
wh
il
e
m
ain
ta
inin
g
the
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
at
the
op
e
r
at
ing
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of 9.
5GHz.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
w
ork
is
par
tl
y
su
pp
or
t
ed
by
the
Re
search
Ma
na
ge
m
ent
and
Inn
ovat
ion
Ce
ntre
of
U
niv
e
rsiti
Ma
la
ysi
a Perlis, un
der f
unda
m
ental
r
esearc
h gr
a
nt sc
hem
e
(
FR
GS
9001
-
00569),
Go
vernm
ent o
f
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A com
pa
ct
High
-
Ga
i
n p
ar
as
it
ic
p
atc
h an
te
nna w
it
h
el
ect
ronic
Be
am
-
Swit
chin
g
(
D
. Subr
ama
niam
)
555
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
D.
Rodrigo
and
B.
A.
Cet
in
er,
“
Freque
nc
y
,
R
adiati
on
Pat
te
rn
an
d
Rec
onfigur
able
Antenna
Us
in
g
a
P
ara
siti
c
Pixel
Lay
er
,
”I
EE
E
Tr
ans.
Antenna
s
Propag
(2011)
.
[2]
T.
Sabap
at
h
y
,
M.
Jus
oh,
R.
B.
Ahm
ad,
and
A.
A.
Struct
ure
,
“
W
ide
Angle
Sca
nnin
g
Rec
onfi
gur
able
Bea
m
Ste
eri
n
g
Antenna
”
,
The 1
2th
Europ
ea
n
Ra
dar
Confer
ence,429
–
432(2008)
.
[3]
3T.
Sab
apa
th
y
,
R.
B.
Ahm
ad,
M.
Jus
oh,
M.
R.
Kam
aru
din,
and
A.
Alom
ai
n
y
,
“
A
Patt
ern
-
R
ec
on
figura
bl
e
Para
si
t
ic
Patc
h
Antenn
a
Us
ing
BAR
and
HP
ND
PI
N
Diode,
”
Th
e
8th
Europ
ean
Confer
ence
on
Antenna
s
a
nd
Propaga
ti
on
,
(20
14)
.
[4]
4S.
Nair
and
M.
J.
Am
m
ann,
"Rec
onfigur
abl
e
Antenna
W
it
h
El
ev
at
ion
an
d
Azimuth
Bea
m
Sw
it
chi
ng,
"
I
EEE
Antenna
s a
n
d
W
ire
l
ess Propaga
tion L
e
tt
ers
,
9
(20
10).
[5]
5R.
O.
Ouedr
ao
go,
E
.
J.
Rothw
el
l
,
and
B
.
J.
Gr
ee
t
is,
"A
Rec
onf
igura
bl
e
Microst
rip
Leak
y
-
W
ave
Antenna
wi
th
a
Broadly
St
ee
r
able
Be
am,"IEEE
T
ran
sac
t
ions o
n
A
nte
nnas
and
Pro
paga
t
ion, 59
(20
11).
[6]
6Z.
Li
,
H.
Mopi
devi
,
O.
Ka
y
na
r,
and
B.
A.
Ce
ti
n
er,
"Be
am
-
stee
ri
ng
ant
enn
a
b
ase
d
on
par
asi
ti
c
lay
er
,
"
E
lectr
oni
cs
Le
tters,
48
(201
2)
.
[7]
"H
PND
-
4005
bea
m
le
ad
PIN
dio
de,
D
at
ashe
et,"
e
d.
San
Jos
e,
CA:
Avago
T
ec
hno
l
ogie
s,
(2006
)
.
[8]
M.
Jus
oh,
T
.
Sa
bapa
th
y
,
an
d
M.
R.
Kam
aru
din
“
Rec
onfigur
abl
e
Four
-
Para
siti
c
-
E
le
m
ent
s
Pat
ch
A
nte
nna
for
High
-
Gain
Be
am Sw
it
chi
ng
Appl
ic
a
ti
o
n,
”
I
EEE
Ant
enn
as
W
ire
l
.
Propag
.
L
et
t
,
13
(2014).
[9]
X.
Yuan,
Z.
Li,
D.
Rodrigo,
H.
S.
Mopidevi
,
O.
Ka
y
nar
,
L.
Jofre,
and
B.
A.
Ce
ti
ner
,
“
A
Para
sit
ic
Lay
e
r
-
Based
Rec
onfigur
abl
e
Antenna
Design
b
y
Multi
-
Obj
ec
t
i
ve
Optimiz
at
ion
,
”
IE
EE T
ran
s
.
A
nte
nnas
Propag
,
60
(2012).
[10]
D.
Rodrigo,
Y
.
Dam
gac
i,
M.
Unlu,
B.
A
.
Ce
ti
ne
r,
J.
Rom
eu
and
L.
Jofre
“
Antenna
Rec
onf
igurabili
t
y
b
ase
d
on
a
Novel
Para
si
ti
c
Pi
xel
Lay
er
,
”
in
EuCAP,
(2011).
[11]
M.
T.
Ali
,
M.
N.
Ta
n,
T.
A
.
Rah
m
an,
M.
R.
Ka
m
aru
din,
M.
F.
J
amlos,
and
R.
S
aul
e
au,
“
A
nove
l
of
rec
onf
igura
b
le
pla
nar
antenna
a
rra
y
(RPA
A) with be
am st
ee
ring
cont
rol
,
”
Prog. E
le
c
tromagn.
R
es.
B,
20
(2010)
.
[12]
M.
Jus
oh,
T.
Aboufoul,
T.
Sab
apa
th
y
,
A
.
Alom
ai
n
y
,
and
M.
R.
Kam
aru
din,
"P
at
te
rn
-
Re
conf
i
gura
ble
Microst
rip
Patc
h
Antenna
W
it
h
Multi
direct
iona
l
Be
am
For
W
IMAX
Applic
at
ion
,
"
IEE
E
A
nte
nnas
and
W
ir
el
ess
Propaga
ti
o
n
Le
tters,
13
(201
4).
[13]
T.
Sabap
at
h
y
,
R.
B.
Ahm
ad,
M.
Jus
oh,
and
M.
R.
Kam
aru
din,
"The
eff
e
ct
of
shorting
pin
loc
ations
on
th
e
per
form
anc
e
of
a
pat
t
ern
rec
onf
i
gura
ble
Yagi
-
U
da
pat
ch
an
te
nn
a,
"
in
2nd
Inte
rn
at
ion
al
Confer
en
ce
on
El
e
ct
roni
c
Design
(ICED),
(2014).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.