I
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n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
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a
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Co
m
p
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t
er
Science
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1061
~
10
6
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SS
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DOI
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cs.v
2
2
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1061
J
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ttp
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//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
M
o
bile
c
o
m
m
u
ni
ca
tion (2G
,
3
G
a
n
d
4
G
)
and
f
uture
interest
o
f
5
G
in
Pa
k
ista
n:
a
r
ev
iew
M
uh
a
mm
a
d Sa
qi
b Iq
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l
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ulh
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s
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in A
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l R
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m
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ed
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d
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a
d K
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ul A
k
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a
m
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7
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2
,4
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a
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p
a
n
In
tern
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l
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h
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(M
JIIT
),
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rsiti
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e
k
n
o
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g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
),
M
a
la
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3
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5,
6
,7
Ra
z
a
k
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a
c
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lt
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Tec
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In
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o
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ti
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s,
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iv
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rsiti
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e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
),
M
a
la
y
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Oct
13
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
Mar
23
,
2
0
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1
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cc
ep
ted
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p
r
11
,
2
0
2
1
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
is
g
ro
w
in
g
ra
d
ica
ll
y
w
it
h
e
v
e
ry
p
a
ss
in
g
y
e
a
r.
T
h
e
n
e
w
re
a
li
t
y
is
th
e
f
i
f
th
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
(5
G
)
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
5
G
re
q
u
ires
e
x
p
e
n
siv
e
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
ra
l
a
d
ju
st
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
u
p
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
P
a
k
istan
h
a
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
st
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
n
u
m
b
e
rs
o
f
b
io
m
e
tri
c
a
ll
y
v
e
ri
f
ied
m
o
b
il
e
u
se
rs.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
ti
m
e
,
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
try
lag
s
in
c
re
d
ib
ly
in
th
e
f
i
e
ld
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
in
ter
n
e
t
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
,
w
it
h
ju
st
h
a
lf
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
il
e
d
e
v
ice
o
w
n
e
rs a
v
a
il
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
su
b
sc
rip
ti
o
n
.
It
is
a
v
iab
le m
a
rk
e
t
w
it
h
a
larg
e
se
g
m
e
n
t
y
e
t
to
b
e
tap
p
e
d
.
W
it
h
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
i
n
g
p
ro
g
re
ss
io
n
i
n
P
a
k
istan
to
w
a
rd
s
th
e
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(I
o
T
)
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
it
y
,
i.
e
.
,
so
lar
-
p
o
w
e
re
d
h
o
m
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
s,
sm
a
rt
c
it
y
p
ro
jec
ts,
a
n
d
o
n
-
b
o
a
rd
d
iag
n
o
st
ics
(OBD
),
t
h
e
u
rg
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
sp
e
e
d
,
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
i
l
it
y
a
r
e
o
n
th
e
rise
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
P
a
k
istan
'
s
p
re
v
a
len
t
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
i.
e
.
,
se
c
o
n
d
,
t
h
ir
d
a
n
d
f
o
u
rt
h
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
(2
G
,
3
G
a
n
d
4
G
),
we
re
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
a
n
d
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
in
li
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
try
'
s
d
e
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ics
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
len
g
e
s.
T
h
e
f
u
tu
re
o
f
5
G
in
P
a
k
istan
w
a
s
a
lso
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
.
T
h
e
stu
d
y
re
v
e
a
le
d
t
h
a
t
n
o
n
-
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
ra
l
b
a
rriers
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
th
e
lo
w
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
ra
te,
w
h
ich
is
th
e
m
a
in
re
a
so
n
b
e
h
i
n
d
th
e
sp
e
c
tru
m
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
g
a
p
,
i
.
e
.
,
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
3
G
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
4
G
sp
e
c
tru
m
is
m
in
i
m
a
l.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
5G
I
o
T
Mo
b
ile
A
d
o
p
tio
n
Mo
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Z
u
lh
a
s
n
i B
in
A
b
d
u
l
R
ah
i
m
Ma
la
y
s
ia
-
J
ap
an
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
a
l I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
MJ
I
I
T
)
Un
i
v
e
r
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
(
UT
M)
5
4
1
0
0
Ku
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
,
W
ila
y
a
h
P
er
s
ek
u
tu
a
n
K
u
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
E
m
ail: z
u
l
h
as
n
i
@
u
t
m
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
v
er
y
y
ea
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
i
s
es
d
r
a
m
ati
ca
ll
y
.
I
t
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
e
s
s
e
n
tial
an
d
e
v
e
n
co
m
m
o
d
itie
s
ev
er
y
w
h
er
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
y
ea
r
1
8
9
5
laid
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
.
I
t
h
as
e
v
o
lv
ed
v
astl
y
o
v
er
ti
m
e
s
i
n
ce
t
h
en
[
2
]
.
A
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
i.e
.
co
m
p
le
x
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
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t
y
,
g
i
v
es
u
n
l
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s
ed
u
s
er
s
a
r
e
m
ar
k
a
b
le
ab
ilit
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to
m
a
k
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
s
ticall
y
[
3
]
.
Mo
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
lead
i
n
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ce
n
t
u
r
y
w
i
th
u
n
m
a
tc
h
ed
ag
g
r
ess
i
v
e
g
r
o
w
th
[
4
]
.
T
o
ac
cu
m
u
late
t
h
i
s
m
as
s
i
v
el
y
r
is
in
g
d
ata
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
i
m
ilar
s
er
v
ice
q
u
al
it
y
to
al
l
u
s
er
s
,
h
ig
h
er
b
an
d
w
id
th
u
ti
lizatio
n
,
r
eliab
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y
,
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
5
]
.
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
cr
is
is
an
d
h
i
g
h
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ar
e
th
e
m
ai
n
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
4
G.
Mo
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
's
latest
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
t
h
e
f
i
f
th
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
(
5
G)
[
6
]
w
h
ich
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
all
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
ted
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
a
n
ticip
ate
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
2
0
2
0
[
7
]
.
E
m
b
r
ac
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
5
G
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
f
ac
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ad
eq
u
a
tel
y
[
8]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
it
h
all
t
h
ese
p
r
ess
in
g
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
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4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2
0
2
1
:
1
0
6
1
-
1
0
6
8
1062
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
s
[
9
]
an
d
u
p
-
g
r
ad
in
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ex
ten
s
iv
e
co
s
ts
.
A
s
i
g
n
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f
ica
n
t
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
i
f
t i
s
v
ita
l in
t
h
is
r
e
g
ar
d
[
9
]
.
I
n
P
ak
is
ta
n
,
telep
h
o
n
e
d
en
s
it
y
(
teled
en
s
it
y
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is
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s
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[
1
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in
s
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r
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d
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al
ar
ea
s
[
1
1
]
.
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t
m
ea
n
s
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
o
v
er
1
5
0
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il
lio
n
b
io
m
etr
icall
y
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er
i
f
ied
m
o
b
ile
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s
er
s
i
n
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
P
ak
is
ta
n
ar
r
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ed
la
te
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th
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f
iel
d
b
u
t
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
lice
n
s
i
n
g
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
3
G/4
G
in
2
0
1
4
[
1
2
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
ir
el
ess
b
r
o
ad
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an
d
p
en
etr
atio
n
is
m
er
el
y
2
7
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2
%
[
1
0
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as
co
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n
ec
t
iv
it
y
an
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o
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n
g
is
s
u
e
s
,
ev
e
n
i
n
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
[
1
3
]
.
B
ar
r
ier
s
li
k
e
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
ilit
y
[
1
1
]
,
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
[
1
4
]
,
an
d
illi
ter
ac
y
[
1
5
]
r
em
ai
n
t
h
e
co
r
e
is
s
u
e
s
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
d
esp
ite
th
e
co
v
er
ag
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
5
G
w
il
l
s
u
r
el
y
ad
d
its
b
it
to
all
th
ese
b
ar
r
ie
r
s
.
I
t
w
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s
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0
1
9
,
3
G/4
G
w
o
u
ld
ca
p
tu
r
e
5
8
%
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ile
m
ar
k
et,
o
v
er
tak
i
n
g
t
h
e
2
G
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
s
[
1
2
]
ho
w
ev
er
,
2
G
s
till
d
o
m
i
n
ates
5
9
%
o
f
th
e
m
ar
k
et
wh
er
ea
s
3
G,
an
d
4
G
o
n
l
y
h
as
2
7
%
an
d
1
4
%
m
ar
k
et
s
h
ar
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
laten
c
y
i
s
to
b
o
o
s
t
p
ee
r
in
g
lo
ca
ll
y
an
d
w
it
h
r
eg
io
n
al
in
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
(
I
SP
s
)
[
1
7
]
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
5
G
m
a
y
u
t
ilize
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
in
m
ill
i
m
e
tr
e
-
w
a
v
e
(
m
m
-
W
av
e)
b
an
d
s
[
1
8
]
th
at
w
i
ll
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
ea
l
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
i
n
b
o
th
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t d
esi
g
n
[
1
9
]
.
I
o
T
is
an
o
th
er
p
r
ess
i
n
g
c
h
alle
n
g
e
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
e
t
h
as
b
ee
n
l
in
k
ed
w
it
h
ev
er
y
d
a
y
d
ev
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
[
2
1
]
.
I
o
T
d
ev
ic
es
co
n
tain
ev
er
y
d
a
y
o
b
j
ec
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
co
m
m
u
n
icat
e
w
it
h
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
to
m
ak
e
li
f
e
s
i
m
p
ler
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
b
ei
n
g
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ar
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
v
ast
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
[
2
3
]
.
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
ll
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tia
ll
y
d
ev
el
o
p
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
I
o
T
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
4
]
.
E
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
h
as
ta
k
en
o
v
er
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
[
2
5
]
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
t
y
p
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
(
MT
C
)
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
ca
n
h
elp
s
cie
n
ti
s
ts
ac
h
i
ev
e
Glo
b
all
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
in
g
s
[
2
6
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
th
e
u
s
e,
u
ti
lit
y
,
a
n
d
b
en
ef
its
o
f
5
G,
b
u
t
s
u
r
p
r
is
in
g
l
y
v
er
y
f
e
w
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
t
h
e
n
ee
d
an
d
i
n
t
er
est
o
f
5
G
i
n
a
n
y
r
eg
io
n
o
r
co
u
n
tr
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
n
ee
d
an
d
in
ter
es
t
o
f
elev
ati
n
g
to
5
G
w
er
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
P
ak
is
ta
n
'
s
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
s
a
g
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ics.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
P
ak
i
s
ta
n
h
a
v
e
f
ailed
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
n
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
i
s
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
w
ed
.
Sectio
n
2
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
a
v
ailab
le
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
g
i
v
i
n
g
a
b
r
ief
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
atio
n
s
'
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
Secti
o
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
li
m
ited
u
s
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
p
r
ev
a
ilin
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ter
m
s
o
f
P
ak
is
ta
n
i
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
.
Sect
io
n
4
d
is
c
u
s
s
es
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
i
n
ter
est o
f
5
G
i
n
P
ak
is
t
an
,
an
d
last
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
'
s
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Sectio
n
5
.
2.
CURR
E
NT
L
Y
AVA
I
L
AB
L
E
T
E
CH
NO
L
O
G
Y
I
n
P
ak
is
tan
,
s
ec
o
n
d
,
t
h
ir
d
an
d
f
o
u
r
th
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
(
2
G,
3
G
a
n
d
4
G)
,
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
r
u
n
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
r
ials
f
o
r
5
G
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
h
a
v
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
eg
u
n
.
I
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
2
0
0
0
s
,
th
e
telec
o
m
s
ec
to
r
'
s
d
er
eg
u
latio
n
h
ap
p
en
e
d
,
w
h
ic
h
b
o
o
s
ted
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
m
ar
k
e
t c
o
m
p
etiti
v
en
e
s
s
,
n
o
tab
ly
[
2
7
]
.
2
.
1
.
Seco
nd
g
ener
a
t
io
n (
2
G
)
P
ak
is
tan
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
2
G
i
n
ea
r
l
y
2
0
0
0
w
h
e
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
ata,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
v
o
ice,
w
a
s
f
ir
s
t
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
GSM)
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
2
8
]
.
A
f
ter
d
er
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
in
2003
-
0
4
,
th
e
t
w
o
m
u
lti
n
atio
n
a
l
telec
o
m
co
m
p
an
ies
tele
n
o
r
an
d
w
ar
id
s
tar
ted
o
p
er
atio
n
s
i
n
2
0
0
5
[
2
7
]
.
Gen
er
al
p
ac
k
et
r
ad
io
s
er
v
ice
s
(
GP
R
S)
f
o
llo
w
ed
as
an
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
2
G
u
m
b
r
ella
g
r
e
w
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
d
at
a
GSM
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
E
DG
E
,
2
.
7
5
G)
w
as
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
i
n
2
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
as a
ch
iev
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ig
ital e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
2
.
2
.
T
hird g
ener
a
t
io
n
(
3
G
)
P
ak
is
tan
a
u
ctio
n
ed
3
G
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
in
2
0
1
4
,
w
h
er
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
elec
o
m
o
p
er
ato
r
s
w
er
e
is
s
u
ed
2
x
1
0
MH
z
an
d
2
x
MH
z
lice
n
s
ee
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
2
1
0
0
MH
z
b
an
d
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
i
s
s
u
es
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
g
en
er
atio
n
s
[
3
2
]
.
A
s
a
cr
itica
l
v
ar
ian
t,
HS
DP
A
(
3
.
5
G)
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
o
w
n
lin
k
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
.
An
o
t
h
er
o
p
tio
n
is
HSUP
A
(
3
.
7
5
G)
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
u
p
lin
k
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
.
2
.
3
.
F
o
urt
h g
ener
a
t
io
n
(
4
G
)
P
ak
is
tan
au
c
tio
n
ed
4
G
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
i
n
2
0
1
4
an
d
2
0
1
6
.
On
l
y
Z
ONG
(
T
elec
o
m
o
p
er
ato
r
)
w
o
n
t
h
e
4
G
licen
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
1
8
0
0
MH
z
b
an
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
au
ct
io
n
.
I
n
2
0
1
6
,
n
e
w
licen
s
es
w
er
e
au
c
t
io
n
ed
b
y
P
ak
i
s
ta
n
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
(
PT
A
)
.
T
elen
o
r
w
as
th
e
s
o
le
w
in
n
er
w
i
th
a
1
0
MH
z
b
lo
c
k
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
4
G,
f
e
w
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
s
w
er
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
its
p
r
ed
e
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
u
s
ed
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
4
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
ce
ll
W
iMA
X
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
(
L
T
E
)
[
3
5
]
-
[
37]
.
4
G
p
av
ed
th
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
.
4
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
MI
M
O
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
W
ith
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
h
a
v
e
s
er
v
ices t
h
at
w
er
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
i
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
[
3
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
Mo
b
ile
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
(
2
G,
3
G
a
n
d
4
G)
a
n
d
fu
tu
r
e
in
teres
t
o
f 5
G
in
P
a
kist
a
n
…
(
Mu
h
a
mm
a
d
S
a
q
ib
I
q
b
a
l
)
1063
2
.
4
.
F
if
t
h g
ener
a
t
io
n
(
5
G
)
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
f
ac
e
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ad
eq
u
atel
y
[
8
]
.
5
G
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
i
g
g
er
s
v
er
y
h
ig
h
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
u
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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4752
Mo
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icted
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G
tech
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[
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]
.
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tr
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lated
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ile
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ar
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h
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ated
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g
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
tr
ap
o
lated
r
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m
o
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ile
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ce
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ile
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1
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ll,
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er
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m
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d
ev
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t
h
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m
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n
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f
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t
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ce
2
0
1
6
[
1
6
]
,
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
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n
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
ate
is
o
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e
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th
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t
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v
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d
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m
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5
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]
.
M
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ter
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ak
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(
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f
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m
m
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icatio
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tech
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ile
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ati
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as
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,
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ased
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ata,
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e
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as s
h
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Fi
g
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6
.
Fig
u
r
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6
.
Fo
r
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Mill
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8
7
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ill
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[
4
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ated
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cities
in
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[
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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5
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2
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co
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ates
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u
r
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.
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p
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r
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illi
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w
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ld
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illi
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s
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p
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ted
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0
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5
,
m
a
k
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g
it
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f
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n
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m
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f
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2
b
illi
o
n
.
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m
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tr
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ar
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k
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r
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tical
s
in
to
d
a
y
's
ag
e
[
5
1
]
.
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h
e
ti
m
e
h
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co
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e
f
o
r
P
ak
is
tan
to
b
e
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b
o
ar
d
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it
h
t
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n
d
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
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th
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p
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,
th
e
p
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o
f
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m
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n
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h
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d
em
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ap
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ch
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n
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ac
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n
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ak
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s
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h
e
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f
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h
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to
3
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o
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r
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2
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n
et
w
o
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k
s
s
till
h
o
ld
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9
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o
f
th
e
to
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s
u
b
s
cr
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s
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
ad
o
p
tio
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ate
is
also
lo
w
d
es
p
ite
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
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l
m
a
n
u
f
ac
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n
g
a
n
d
m
o
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ile
d
ev
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'
p
r
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d
u
ctio
n
.
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ak
is
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s
lik
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y
to
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is
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o
f
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s
m
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s
u
p
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p
o
w
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C
h
in
a,
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n
d
i
a,
an
d
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n
d
o
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ar
e
all
s
et
to
m
ee
t
th
eir
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et
tar
g
et
s
b
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2
0
2
5
.
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l
s
o
,
a
n
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s
en
tial
a
s
p
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t
o
f
5
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m
o
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ile
co
m
m
u
n
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tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
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ce
llu
lar
I
o
T
co
n
n
ec
tio
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s
.
C
u
r
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en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ap
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s
ar
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also
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o
t
p
r
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m
is
in
g
.
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h
ey
n
ee
d
to
r
is
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
iall
y
to
f
ill
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
v
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led
t
h
a
t
n
o
n
-
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
al
b
ar
r
i
er
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
lo
w
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o
p
tio
n
r
ate,
w
h
ich
i
s
t
h
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
b
e
h
i
n
d
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
u
tili
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g
ap
,
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.
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
3
G,
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d
t
h
e
4
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s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
m
i
n
i
m
al.
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ac
k
i
n
g
b
eh
in
d
i
n
l
iter
ac
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a
n
d
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h
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tag
e
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o
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s
ar
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th
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m
ain
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tr
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u
to
r
to
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ch
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en
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.
I
t
is
f
a
v
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u
r
ab
l
e
to
f
ill
u
p
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
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t
ilizatio
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g
ap
b
ef
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r
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elev
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to
5
G,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
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a
f
an
c
ier
o
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n
.
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h
e
g
o
v
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n
m
e
n
t
ca
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I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
ti
m
e
-
b
o
u
n
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
g
ap
f
ill
in
g
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
al
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
s
,
an
d
u
p
-
g
r
ad
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n
.
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e
p
r
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p
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ed
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cise
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ac
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tate
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to
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/.
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