TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novembe
r
2014, pp. 78
9
5
~ 790
5
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i11.66
43
7895
Re
cei
v
ed Au
gust 2, 201
3; Re
vised Sept
em
ber
5, 201
4; Acce
pted
Septem
ber 2
5
, 2014
Contents of e-Government for Pursuing Value in
Indonesian Local Government
Alfira Sofia*
1
, Jann Hidaj
a
t Tjakra
a
tm
adja
2
, Sudarso Kad
e
ri Wi
r
y
ono
3
, Suhardi
4
1,2,
3
School of B
u
sin
e
ss an
d Mana
geme
n
t IT
B
4
School of Elec
trical Eng
i
ne
eri
ng an
d Informa
tics IT
B,
Jl. Ganesha N
o
.10 Ban
d
u
ng,
+
6222
25
319
23
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
:
alfira.sofia@sbm-itb.ac.id
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he p
u
rpos
e of
this res
earc
h
i
s
to exp
l
or
e co
ntent
s of In
do
n
e
sia
n
e-Gov
e
r
n
ment i
n
order
to obta
i
n
expecte
d v
a
lu
e
effectively
by
consi
deri
ng
ob
stacles i
n
i
m
pl
ementi
ng
e-Go
vern
me
nt. A k
e
y el
e
m
e
n
t in
thi
s
is the
n
o
tion
o
f
service
val
u
e
bas
ed
on
si
mple
e-
Gover
n
ment stag
e
mod
e
l th
at e
m
erge
in
successfu
l
e
-
gover
n
m
ent
i
m
ple
m
entatio
ns
at city/m
unic
i
p
a
lity
best
practi
ces i
n
In
don
esi
a
. T
he
ob
jectiv
e is
ach
i
ev
ed
by
review
in
g b
a
si
c an
d a
p
p
lie
d
theory
of e-Go
vern
me
nt dev
e
l
op
ment. T
h
e
r
e
searc
h
e
n
tai
l
s
co
mp
ilati
on
of
emerg
ed b
e
n
e
f
its by triangu
l
a
tion
of
extens
ive liter
ature r
e
view
, qua
lit
ati
v
e case stu
d
y (of successful
e-
gover
n
m
ent i
m
ple
m
entatio
n b
y
best practice
s city/muni
c
i
p
a
lity in Indo
nesi
a
), and focus
grou
p discuss
i
o
n
w
i
th few
exper
ts/stakehold
e
rs
. So
me
pro
b
le
ms
in
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ting
e-Gov
e
rn
me
nt ex
plor
ed
in
this
rese
ar
c
h
can be so
lve
d
through si
mpl
e
and cre
a
tive
w
a
ys.
T
h
is re
search fou
nd t
hat conte
n
ts explor
ation of a
l
l
relati
onsh
i
ps
b
e
tw
een 4
(fou
r) ele
m
ents w
h
ich
are
gov
e
r
nment, us
ers, system (
e
-Govern
m
ent), a
n
d
envir
on
me
nt, can
be
effective sol
u
ti
on, w
h
ich
h
a
ve b
e
e
n
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ted
by al
l succ
essfu
l
cities/mun
icip
al
ities. Qualit
ati
v
e rese
arch
w
h
ich w
a
s app
lie
d in
this resear
ch w
a
s usin
g
7
cities/mun
icip
al
ities that h
a
ve
varie
d
diss
i
m
il
arity. Rich r
e
su
lt coul
d b
e
obt
ain
ed if th
e res
earch
use
d
mo
r
e
cities w
i
th
diffe
rent ch
aracteri
stic.T
he find
ing
of this
rese
arc
h
a
nd
most i
m
portantly, th
e c
ontents
exp
l
or
e
d
b
a
s
ed
on
fi
nd
in
g
s
wo
ul
d
h
e
l
p g
o
v
e
r
nm
en
t po
l
i
cy
a
n
d
de
ci
si
o
n
ma
ke
rs
d
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
im
pl
em
en
t p
o
l
i
c
ie
s and
strategies to
i
m
pr
ove
e-Gov
e
rn
me
nt servic
es. T
he res
ear
ch is u
n
d
e
rtak
en at th
e loc
a
l
level
of g
o
vern
me
nt
in Indo
nes
ia. It is one
of the first researches
i
n
Indo
nesi
an e
-
Govern
me
nt imp
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
by expl
orin
g b
e
st
practice c
onte
n
ts w
h
ich e
m
e
r
ged
in e
a
ch c
i
ty/munic
i
p
a
lity.
T
h
is rese
arch
also
used r
e
l
a
tionsh
i
p b
e
tw
een
service
mo
del
and e-Gov
e
rn
me
nt stage to ana
ly
z
e
co
nten
ts.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
e-
Govern
me
nt, local g
o
vern
me
nt, contents of e-Govern
ment
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Some definiti
ons
explaine
d the main fu
ncti
on
s of e
-
Govern
ment
while im
plem
ented in
any governm
ent. E-Gove
rnment ha
s n
o
t only help
e
d
in imp
r
ovin
g se
rvice
del
ivery [1-3] a
n
d
increa
sing d
e
m
ocratization
[2, 3], but h
a
s al
so
h
e
lp
ed in re
du
cin
g
co
rru
ption
and in
crea
sin
g
govern
m
ent
transpa
ren
c
y
[2, 4]. Governm
ents a
r
e adoptin
g n
e
w technol
o
g
ies to en
ha
nce
servi
c
e
deliv
ery to th
eir
ci
tizen
s
, an
d h
ence imp
r
ovi
ng citize
n-sta
t
e
relatio
n
s.
The aim
of such
large e
-
g
o
vernment proje
c
t is to cater for diffe
rent and
reliabl
e se
rvices an
d not profit [5].
Information
T
e
ch
nolo
g
y (I
T) b
e
come
s
a pa
rticul
arly
effective too
l
of all
busi
n
esse
s in
their op
eratio
n and i
n
the
way they create val
ue fo
r a rang
e of
external
stakehold
e
rs. In e-
Govern
ment
circum
stan
ce
, stake
hold
e
rs are
gove
r
nment, citize
n, busi
n
e
ss,
employee,
and
other g
o
vern
ment [6-8]. T
here
are
ma
ny wealthy
o
pportu
nities f
o
r gove
r
nm
e
n
t to cre
a
te value
throug
h the i
m
aginative a
nd effective
u
s
e of te
ch
nol
ogy (su
c
h a
s
:
intern
et, radi
o, cellul
a
r
ph
one,
etc.). Develo
ping e-Government syste
m
be
com
e
s
the mai
n
co
nsid
eratio
n t
o
in
crea
se
p
ublic
servi
c
e in all
count
rie
s
. They all reali
z
e that
e-Gov
e
rnm
ent ca
n
be a be
st wa
y for supp
orti
ng
national g
oal
s achieveme
n
t.
In Indone
sia,
obligation
of
developin
g
e
-
Govern
ment i
n
citie
s
o
r
mu
nicip
a
lities
was fully
on local gov
ernm
ent re
spon
sibility, base
d
on Pre
s
ide
n
tial Inst
ructio
n No. 3/2003 [9]. L
o
cal
govern
m
ent
(city and m
uni
cipality)
ha
s l
a
rge
auth
o
ri
t
y
in the lo
we
st gove
r
nme
n
t
level, inclu
d
ing
in implem
enti
ng e
-
Gove
rn
ment. It has b
een m
o
re
tha
n
a d
e
cade
lo
cal
governme
n
ts in I
ndon
e
s
ia
developing their own
e-Governmen
t. However, it i
s
still not optim
al
based
on some
assessm
ent
institution e
x
amination
of their e-Gove
rn
ment imple
m
entati
on.
Less than
20%
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
95 – 790
5
7896
cities/mu
n
ici
p
alities were
categori
z
e
d
as good
a
c
hiev
ement, and ot
hers were
still catego
ri
zed
as
poor
(a
s rep
o
rted by Ind
one
sian e
-
G
o
vernm
ent
Rank
survey i
n
2013
). Asse
ssm
ent of
e
-
Govern
ment
impleme
n
tation in In
don
e
s
ia h
a
s alrea
d
y con
d
u
c
ted
at lea
s
t by
3 (th
r
ee
)
survey
prog
ram
m
e
s
i.e: Indone
sia
n
e-Gove
rnm
ent Ra
nk
(Pe
G
I),
ICT (Info
r
mation and
Comm
uni
cati
on
Tech
nolo
g
y)
Pura, an
d e
-
Govern
ment
Award,
sin
c
e
2003
till no
w. From tho
s
e a
s
se
ssme
nt
method
s, it sho
w
e
d
that e-Government im
pl
ementation
in Indon
esi
a
espe
cially
in
city/municipal
i
ty level is still low.
In asse
ssing
impleme
n
tation of e
-
Gov
e
rnm
ent we
examine
not
only the
re
adine
ss
asp
e
ct b
u
t al
so the
effecti
v
eness of p
r
o
g
ramm
es
in
achi
eving g
o
a
ls. Some
ba
sic th
eo
ries o
f
e
-
Government s
t
ated e-Government
implementation should be
done s
t
ep by
s
t
ep [10-13]. Then
they called
a
s
e-Governm
ent maturity stage. Th
e si
mplest
stage
model
was
explore
d
by [11]
whi
c
h
stated
Publish, Int
e
ra
ct, and T
r
an
sa
ct are
the step fo
r developin
g
e-Gove
rnm
ent
respe
c
tively.
At the lowest stage, Publish,
governm
ent typically poste
d simpl
e
and limite
d
informatio
n throu
gh their
web
sites, such a
s
the a
gen
cy’s visio
n
and missio
n, office hou
rs,
conta
c
t info
rmation, an
d
official d
o
cu
ments.
Governments only
provide
info
rmation o
n
th
e web
sites an
d n
o
interactio
n
is
po
ssi
ble. Previou
s
re
sea
r
ch fou
n
d the
qualit
y of Indon
e
s
ian
govern
m
ent
web
s
ite in
ge
neral
was i
n
medium l
e
ve
l
,
both in te
rm
s of the
qualit
y of conte
n
t a
n
d
the level of e
a
se
-of-use [1
4]. In addition, it is
also
p
r
oved e
m
piri
cally that eve
n
in the lo
we
st
stage
many
cities/muni
cipa
lities were stil
l left behi
d
while web m
e
trics
ra
nk
of lo
cal gove
r
nme
n
t
s
outsid
e
Java
sho
w
s that the web
s
it
e of
provin
ce i
s
m
o
re d
o
mina
nt than the city
or muni
cip
a
li
ty
web
s
ite, while for Java Isl
and, the web
s
ite of t
he di
stri
ct or the
city is more d
o
minant tha
n
the
provin
cial we
b. It showe
d
that there we
re digital divi
de between
Java an
d out
side
Java for a
web
pag
e, inb
ound lin
ks an
d traffic
[15, 16].
Each
city/munici
pality h
a
s diffe
rent
existi
ng
con
d
itions; it m
a
ke
s
sen
s
e
that the
achi
evement
s of each ci
t
y
/municipality
are
different
. But some
cities/muni
cipalities still
could
cau
ght up the optimal re
sult with their limitati
on, since they implemented
ap
propriate strate
gie
s
effectively. Some inn
o
vative approa
che
s
came u
p
a
nd turn
ed int
o
the option
sin
c
e tho
s
e
ways
are
efficient
and e
a
sy to i
m
pleme
n
t. In the privat
e
sector, i
nnovat
ion is
prim
aril
y motivated by
comp
etitive advantag
e, howeve
r
, in the local
aut
horitie
s, the
drivers a
r
e e
nhan
ce
d se
rvice
delivery, and
adde
d monet
ary value for taxpayers. Effi
cien
cy is the
stron
g
e
s
t driv
er of innovati
o
n
in local authorities [17].
Many studie
s
have alrea
d
y
revealed th
e criti
c
al
su
c
c
e
ss f
a
ct
or
s
of
cit
i
es/
m
u
n
icipalit
ie
s
in devel
oping
their
e-Gove
rnme
nt in In
done
sia
[
18-20] an
d al
so
in
worl
dwi
d
e
[21, 22]. So
me
factors a
r
e
categori
z
e
d
a
s
uncontrollabl
e sin
c
e
lo
cal
govern
m
ent
coul
d not i
n
volve to chan
ge,
su
ch a
s
lead
ership, nation
a
l roadm
ap, or incon
s
iste
ncy on ce
ntral law and b
u
reau
cra
c
y. In the
other ha
nd, o
t
her facto
r
s n
eed high
re
source
s in
ma
king a
s
a su
cce
ss fa
ctor, b
u
t there is on
e
factor th
at ha
s hig
h
o
ppo
rtunity to be e
x
ploited
in
co
nstru
c
ting
ke
y factor
effici
ently, called
as
CO
NTENT of e-Gove
rnme
nt system.
Conte
n
ts of
e-Gove
rnm
e
n
t
are servi
c
e
and info
rm
ation which
were p
r
ovide
d
and
orga
nized
by government
for t
hei
r
stake
hold
e
r. T
hen it a
ppe
ared
some
que
stion
s
, what
servi
c
e/info
rmation
sho
u
l
d
be
provid
e
d
, to wh
om
it
sho
u
ld
be d
e
livered,
and
how to deliv
er. It
entails analy
s
is of
ea
ch que
stion
tho
r
oughly
by
consi
deri
ng
e
-
Govern
ment stage
s
a
s
well.
Theo
ry of service p
r
o
c
e
ss f
o
r e
-
Gove
rn
ment an
swered tho
s
e q
u
e
s
tion a
nd h
a
ve already
stu
d
ied
by previou
s
resea
r
cher [
11, 23] in which ex
plai
ne
d about typical service instan
ce
s, wh
ilst
advan
ced
re
search
of se
rvice p
r
o
c
e
s
s called IT
Se
rvice M
odel fo
r
Local Gove
rn
ment [24] still
need to
be
p
r
oved
by doi
ng a
simul
a
tion. Is the
re
sult of thi
s
study ca
n b
e
i
m
pleme
n
ted
in
Indone
sia
n
lo
cal g
o
vern
me
nt? Or i
s
it al
ready u
s
e
d?
And ho
w
were ben
efits ca
me up i
n
tha
t
con
d
ition?
T
he in
-de
p
th rese
arch
ha
s alre
ady
d
o
n
e
to a
nalyze
com
p
rehe
nsive co
ndition
of
city/municip
a
l
i
ty best pra
c
tice
s from the
obsta
cle
s
the
y
faced, ho
w to overcome
probl
em
s, ho
w
they
treated contents of
e-Govern
ment system, until
they attained value f
r
om it
. This arti
cle
will
explain all
queri
e
s
by developin
g
some
re
sea
r
ch
que
stion
s
a
s
follow:
1) Ho
w d
i
d
city/municip
a
l
i
ty overcome
the obsta
cle
of e-Go
ve
rn
ment implem
entation?; 2)
Ho
w did they
use
conte
n
ts
i
n
pro
c
e
ssi
ng e
-
Gove
rnme
nt
effectivel
y?; and
3
)
Wh
at ben
efits d
i
d they g
e
t f
r
om
impleme
n
ting
of e-Govern
ment?
Followi
ng thi
s
introd
uctio
n
i
s
a
research
des
i
gn
analy
s
is which exp
l
ains ho
w
re
searche
r
analyzes the
data fo
r fin
d
ing
an
swer of research
que
stion
s
.
Theo
ry of p
ublic value
o
f
e-
Govern
ment,
e-Gove
rnm
e
nt servi
c
e m
odel in
o
r
de
r to explore contents b
a
se
d on elem
en
ts
interrelation,
e-Gove
rnm
e
n
t
obstacl
es a
nd ben
efit
s is used for
constructin
g
scientific anal
ysis
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Conte
n
ts of e
-
Go
ve
rnm
ent for Pursuing
Value in
Indo
nesi
an Lo
cal
Governm
ent (Alfira Sofia)
7897
based on ap
p
r
op
riate re
se
arch method
o
l
ogy. Then th
is pape
r is co
ntinued with
summari
es of
all
finding in re
sult and discu
s
sion, con
c
lu
si
on and recom
m
endatio
n re
spe
c
tively.
2.
Res
earc
h
De
sign Analy
s
is
To an
swe
r
th
ose
re
sea
r
ch
questio
n
s, rese
arche
r
an
alyzed e
-
Gov
e
rnm
ent theo
ry from
servi
c
e
proce
s
s a
s
pe
ct an
d the
stage
of e-G
o
vern
ment. Service process
aspect
explaine
d e-
Govern
ment
as a
service (mediating
)
to
mana
ge
info
rmation
and
servi
c
e flo
w
f
r
om g
o
vernm
ent
to use
r
s. At the sa
me tim
e
, the stage
of e-Go
ve
rn
ment distin
gu
ishe
d type of servi
c
e p
r
o
c
ess
whi
c
h g
o
e
s
to be e
s
tabl
ishe
d whe
r
e
the hig
h
e
s
t level offers full integ
r
at
ion
with pu
b
lic
admini
s
tratio
n and
will ha
ve neede
d th
e prima
r
y re
-thinki
ng an
d chang
e of gov
ernm
ent and
its
basi
c
comp
o
nents.
Ho
wa
rd u
s
ed th
re
e stag
es
of
e-Gove
rnm
e
n
t
Model [11], these
are:
(1)
Publish: onli
n
e informatio
n
about
government ne
ws
and a
c
tivities; (2) Interact: enabl
es
citize
ns
to have sim
p
l
e
intera
ction
s
with the gov
ernm
ent e.g.
e-mail,
chat rooms, et
c; (3
) Tran
sa
ct: offers
c
i
tiz
e
ns
f
u
ll trans
a
c
t
ions
over the internet,
e.g. a
p
p
licatio
ns fo
r pro
g
ra
mme
s, sub
s
idie
s
a
n
d
servi
c
e
s
, purcha
s
e of lice
n
se
s an
d pe
rmits, etc. An advantag
e of
having a sta
ged ap
pro
a
ch is
the ability to
gene
rate mo
mentum that can the
n
be
maintaine
d
[5].
Figure 1. Re
search Mo
del
The
re
sea
r
ch
entails comp
ilation of e
m
e
r
ged
ob
sta
c
le
s a
nd
solutio
n
whethe
r th
ey have
use
d
or
sho
u
l
d
be u
s
ed, b
enefits by tria
ngulatio
n
of e
x
tensive literature
review, qualitative
ca
se
study (of su
ccessful e-g
o
vernm
ent
i
m
pleme
n
ta
tio
n
by b
e
st
pra
c
tice
s cit
y
/municipality
in
Indone
sia
)
, a
nd fo
cu
s g
r
o
up di
scu
ssi
o
n
with
few
experts/
s
ta
ke
holde
rs.
At the
sam
e
tim
e
,
resea
r
cher
al
so a
s
ked
so
me que
stion
s
for kn
ow
in
g
what be
nefits they obtaine
d from ho
w t
h
e
y
impleme
n
ted
e-Gove
rnme
nt up to now. The finding
then are an
alyze with ex
isting re
se
arch
whi
c
h already
studied.
Analysis
of emerg
ed cont
ents was
pre
pare
d
after d
o
ing adva
n
ce
d investigatio
n of data.
Some strate
gies of local
governm
ent
used a
r
e i
dentified a
s
emerged val
ue of impro
v
ing
comm
on processe
s of e-G
o
vernm
ent. Literature revi
e
w
by Institute of Chartered
Accou
n
tants
in
England and Wale
s
(I
CAEW)
id
entified six
bro
ad wa
ys
in which I
T
can
be u
s
e
d
to create v
a
lue
[25]: (1)
Crea
te sub
s
tantial
efficien
cie
s
i
n
the
way tha
t
busin
esse
s
unde
rtake th
eir a
c
tivities;
(2)
Improve the sea
r
ch pro
c
e
ss bet
wee
n
b
u
yers a
nd se
l
l
ers, or the u
s
ers of a se
rvice; (3) Red
u
ce
some of the con
s
trai
nts o
n
busin
esse
s create
d
by physical asset
s
and hig
h
transactio
n
co
sts;
(4)
Imp
r
ove govern
a
n
c
e and
control,
by providing
greate
r
visibil
i
ty of operations; (5) Enh
ance
curre
n
t value
prop
ositio
ns,
giving a bette
r und
er
standi
ng of wh
at cu
stome
r
s
want
and imp
r
ovin
g
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
95 – 790
5
7898
their ove
r
all
experi
e
n
c
e;
(6) Enabl
e
the creat
io
n of entirely new pr
odu
cts a
nd
se
rvices,
particula
rly information
-
ba
sed pro
d
u
c
ts
and serv
ices.
Those value
s
ca
n be ap
plied in priva
t
e
and p
ubli
c
se
ctor. E-Government a
s
an
utilizing i
n
formation an
d communi
catio
n
tech
nolo
g
y for
deliverin
g go
vernme
nt information a
nd
servi
c
e
s
to
ci
tizen, had m
a
ny ways in a
c
hievin
g opti
m
al
value as me
n
t
ioned ab
ove.
Therefore,
re
sea
r
che
r
use
d
Con
c
e
p
tua
l
model
‒
calle
d as IT
serv
ice mo
del fo
r local
govern
m
ent,
whi
c
h
claim
e
d a
s
a m
odel
for g
a
ining
more
value f
r
om e
-
Gove
rn
ment sy
stem,
to
explain h
o
w
they used
co
ntents i
n
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng
e-G
o
vernme
nt effectively. The
r
e is a n
eed
for
defining
a e-govern
m
ent servi
c
e mod
e
l
that cr
e
a
te value
mo
st and
also
suitable fo
r lo
cal
govern
m
ent, esp
e
ci
ally
in
Indon
esi
a
, whi
c
h ha
s s
pecifi
c
con
d
ition su
ch as:
nation
a
l cult
ure,
citize
n chara
c
teri
stic, b
u
d
get co
nst
r
ain
t,
nature co
ndition,
type
of Indone
si
an gove
r
nm
ent,
regul
ation, an
d spe
c
ific n
a
tional visio
n
an
d missi
on [24
]
.
The pu
blic v
a
lue of IT wa
s defin
ed by
Gart
ne
r a
s
m
easure
s
that
demon
strate
how IT-
related
cha
n
ges a
nd inve
stment
s cont
ribute ove
r
time to improved c
o
ns
tituent s
e
rvice level
,
operational ef
ficien
cy and p
o
litical retu
rn
[26].
Figure 2. Prin
ciple
d
Fram
e
w
ork fo
r Eval
uating Publi
c
Value of IT
We
analy
z
ed
literatu
r
e, th
en
we
condu
cted i
n
tervie
w a
s
a
data
colle
ction
me
thod. I
n
orde
r to
pre
s
erve
the o
b
jective of t
h
is
re
se
a
r
ch
stage,
re
se
arche
r
u
s
ed
semi
struct
ure
d
interviews
which
develop
open
-en
ded
que
stion
s
i
n
advan
ce,
along
with p
r
epa
re
d prob
es,
unpla
nned
an
d un
antici
pat
ed p
r
ob
es m
a
y also b
e
u
s
ed. If the
re
searche
r
kn
ows e
nou
gh
ab
out
the phe
nome
non o
r
the d
o
main of in
q
u
iry to dev
el
op qu
estion
s about the to
pic in
advan
ce of
interviewi
ng, but not enou
gh to be able
to anticipat
e
the answe
r, then semi stru
cture
d
intervi
e
w
can b
e
used [28].
Re
sea
r
che
r
choo
se 7 (seven) be
st pra
c
t
i
ce
s
of local g
o
vernm
ent in Indone
sia, ba
sed on
results of
so
me e-Government
pe
rformance a
s
se
ssment
s in I
ndon
esi
a
, these
we
re: K
o
ta
Cimahi, K
o
ta
Bogor, Kota
Yogyaka
r
ta,
Kota Sura
bay
a, Kota Mal
a
ng, Kabu
pate
n
Jemb
ran
a
,
and
Kabupate
n
S
r
age
n. Pu
rpo
s
ive
sam
p
lin
g of
parti
ci
pa
nts rep
r
e
s
ent
pe
rson wh
o are
re
sp
on
si
ble
for the e-Gov
e
rnm
ent impl
ementat
ion a
nd und
erstan
d with the to
pic/qu
estio
n
s.
Participa
n
ts
for
interview i
n
e
x
plorato
r
y re
sea
r
ch
were
person
s
in
charg
e
for
e-Govern
ment i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
in
local
gove
r
n
m
ent, these
were: Mayo
r/Reg
ent o
r
Vi
ce M
a
yor/
Re
gent o
r
Regi
onal Se
creta
r
y
(Sekda)
as a
highe
st de
ci
sion m
a
ker a
t
local gove
r
n
m
ent, Hea
d
of Planning a
nd Devel
opm
ent
Agency
(BAPPEDA) as a planner, H
ead
of Department for Inform
ation and
Com
m
unication
as a
field manag
er, and other re
levant Hea
d
of Depa
rtmen
t
as an user.
Focu
s G
r
ou
p Discu
s
sion
(FGD) also
cond
ucted
for confi
r
min
g
the findings from
govern
m
ent
s’
interview a
n
d
validating the re
sult
s.
FGD pa
rtici
p
a
n
ts are schol
ars, p
r
a
c
tition
ers,
and exp
e
rie
n
c
ed
governm
ent peo
ple
who work on
e
-
Gove
rnme
nt proje
c
t
s
.
Th
e tran
script
s from
interview a
n
d
FGD were cod
ed an
d repeate
d
until
agre
e
ment
on the a
ssig
ned code
s was
rea
c
he
d. Mul
t
iple source
s help
re
du
ce
the p
r
obl
em
s a
s
so
ciated
with respon
d
ent bia
s
o
r
p
oor
recall/arti
cula
tion throu
gh
the perso
nal
interview
pro
c
e
ss. Th
e m
u
ltiple so
urce
approa
ch al
so
allows for con
s
ide
r
ation of
a broa
de
r ran
ge of
issue
s
and withi
n
-m
ethod trian
gul
ation [29, 30].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Conte
n
ts of e
-
Go
ve
rnm
ent for Pursuing
Value in
Indo
nesi
an Lo
cal
Governm
ent (Alfira Sofia)
7899
3. Resul
t
s
and
Discus
s
ion
From a
u
thor
previou
s
stud
y, it conclud
e
d
that most
of cities/mu
n
i
c
ipalitie
s hav
e been
only at Publi
s
h sta
ge, an
d
less tha
n
20
% have b
een
at the
se
con
d
sta
ge
(interact) [1
6]. It also
found th
at t
here
wa
s n
o
si
gnificant
rel
a
tion
ship
between
e
-
Gove
rnme
nt implem
enta
t
ion
achi
evement
and
their fin
anci
a
l
cap
abi
lity, by
which
implem
entat
ion a
c
hi
evem
ent p
r
oxy wa
s
informatio
n di
scl
osure l
e
ve
l of Indone
si
an lo
cal gove
r
nme
n
t and fi
nan
cial
capa
bility proxy was
regio
nal gove
r
nme
n
t budg
et. Author co
nclu
ded the
r
e
was mo
re th
an finan
cial matter in ma
king
e-Gove
rnm
e
n
t
implementat
ion su
ccee
d.
Ro
se explain
ed the difficu
lties of imple
m
enting e-G
o
vernm
ent in Indone
sian
regio
nal
govern
m
ent
s were: financi
ng pro
b
lem
s
, few qualified
people, lack of suppo
rting
infrastructu
res,
and l
o
w atte
ntion from
re
gional
gove
r
nment
office
s
[31]. The
p
o
litical
will, la
ws an
d
regi
o
n
a
l
regul
ation
s
a
r
e fund
ament
al criteri
a
for
su
ccessf
ul im
plementatio
n
of e-Govern
ment. In a
not
her
study in
Ind
one
sia, F
u
ru
holt an
d
Wahid fo
und
that ma
nage
ment, infra
s
t
r
uctu
re,
hum
an
resou
r
ces fa
ctors pa
rta
k
e i
n
ensurin
g su
cces
sful impl
ementation of
e-Gove
rnme
nt [18].
From con
c
lu
sion as re
sul
t
of
interview
and ob
se
rv
ation data
re
ductio
n
, we
revealed
obsta
cle
s
th
a
t
emerge
at ci
ties/muni
cipal
ities a
nd al
so
explored
sol
u
tion u
s
e
d
. T
hen, resea
r
ch
er
analyzed th
o
s
e fin
d
ing
a
s
so
ciated
with
related
lit
erature
to
re
com
m
end
solutio
n
s fo
r
antici
p
ating
probl
em
s as f
o
llowin
g
:
Table 1. Prob
lems Exploration and Soluti
ons
Problem
s
Soluti
on
Reco
m
m
en
dati
ons
Publish
Stag
e
Lack of information technolog
y
a
w
a
r
eness
Consistency
a
nd
continuity
in com
m
unicating and socializing information
technolog
y
(1
)
Lack of w
illingness that hinder the
achievement of goals
Developing toug
h s
y
stem and tr
aining staff w
i
th hi
gh commitment (
2
)
Inequalit
y
leader
vision among underneath
official
Consistency
a
nd
continuity
in co
m
m
unicating and socializing vision
and
mi
s
s
i
on (1)
Information tech
nolog
y
is not use
d
as an
enabler in the ac
hievement on local
government p
r
og
rams to compreh
end its
vision
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Inserting informa
t
ion technolog
y
a
s
supporting tool in all government
activit
i
es (4)
No planning and
scheduling process so that
implementation is inefficient and ineffective
Compreh
ensive blueprint is prepa
red (5
)
Incapable leader
Prepare
read
y s
y
stem w
i
th capabl
e staff (6)
Unprofessional in managing e-Government
w
h
ich caused im
plementation ha
mpered
Chief of Inform
ation Officer is an o
b
ligation (7)
T
he difficulties in
collecting infor
m
ation
since most of department assum
ed that
information is secret so den
y
t
o
share it
publicly
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
La
w
enfo
r
cement
to bind all stakeholder in providing information (8
)
Information is just onl
y
ra
w data, t
here
w
a
s
no improvement i
n
order
to create
value
added data so av
ailable information benefits
w
a
s not
optimal
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Hired capable staff in organizing and creating value added data
(9)
Surve
y
and
anal
y
z
e
users need
(
10)
Official inconsist
enc
y
in documen
ting and
processing data collected caused
a lot of
data missed
Preparing standa
rd oper
ating proc
edure to cont
rol
all staff job (11)
There
was no offi
cial w
i
th job description as
program
mer in m
a
king data more
valuable
Hired capable staff in organizing and creating value added data
(9)
Surve
y
and
anal
y
z
e
users need
(
10)
Not integrate
d
pr
ojec
ts developm
ent caused
duplicating project happened
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Neat documentat
ion and archive storage (
11)
Resource to crea
te revenue in eliminating
operational cost w
a
s not
done
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Providing open a
nd creative environment
in orde
r t
o
create innovative
idea (12)
I
n
t
e
r
a
ct
S
t
ag
e
Governme
nt bea
r all development and
operational cost b
y
using regional
government bu
d
get
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Providing open a
nd creative environment
in orde
r t
o
create innovative
idea (12)
Making good rela
tionship w
i
th all parties (13)
E-
G
o
vernment i
m
plementation still
developed partial
ly
a
nd individually
Compreh
ensive blueprint is prepa
red (5
)
Official recruitment
w
a
s not based
on
approp
riate specification
Compreh
ensive blueprint is prepa
red (5
)
Mapping job req
u
irement and sta
ff capability
(14)
Quantit
y of official government
was not
enough
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Mapping job req
u
irement and sta
ff capability
(14)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
95 – 790
5
7900
Information sour
ce is just only
on
e wa
y
information
w
h
ich is from govern
m
ent to
users (citizen and business) thus there is
limited infor
m
ation
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Illiterate technolog
y
or
high relucta
n
ce in
using technolog
y
Consistency
a
nd
continuity
in com
m
unicating and socializing information
technolog
y
(1
)
Developing toug
h s
y
stem and tr
aining staff w
i
th hi
gh commitment (
2
)
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
There
was no s
y
mbiosis mutualism
cooperation
Gene
rating innovative cooperation (15)
Transac
t Sta
g
e
Lack of inter
r
e
lationship that
w
ill r
e
tar
d
comprehensive implementation
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Gene
rating innovative cooperation (15)
Relationship w
i
th
other o
r
ganization element
is not clear as a result there is ineffective
management
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Provide rules of the role and ma
n
age the impleme
n
tation (16)
Inapprop
riate tec
hnolog
y
alter
native caused
major grant inves
t
ed is not compar
able w
i
th
the exp
e
cted res
u
lt
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Prioritize optimization of staff
and infrastructure
ca
pacity
(17)
Alw
a
y
s
pursue th
e improvement o
f
know
ledg
e and
technolog
y
(1
8)
Reliance on vendor (thir
d
part
y
) i
n
improving
and managing te
chnolog
y
B
y
using service model and conte
n
ts
improvement
on this research
(3)
Prioritize optimization of staff
and infrastructure
ca
pacity
(17)
Note:
-
N
u
mbe
r
i
n
p
a
re
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
i
l
l
u
s
tra
t
e
d
e
m
e
r
g
e
d
so
l
u
tio
n
s
an
d
re
co
mme
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
fro
m
fi
e
l
d
su
rvey
and
researc
her an
a
l
y
s
is.
-
Soluti
on #
3
is i
dentifi
ed after
compl
e
ting this
research as a
main res
u
lt.
Re
sea
r
che
r
will
alig
n
e
m
e
r
ged
content with solutio
n
recomme
ndat
ion
a
nd analy
z
e ho
w
to get b
enefit
s by
explori
n
g tho
s
e type
of value
a
s
di
scusse
d a
b
o
v
e as a
reference. Con
c
lu
sion
as
a re
sult
of interview and
observation data
re
du
ctio
n abo
ut CO
NTENT is
presented in tabl
e
2.
It exposes th
e finding of field su
rvey an
d document
a
nalysi
s
com
p
i
l
ation that correspon
ded
wi
th
innovative way of thinkin
g
of local g
o
v
ernme
n
ts
. T
hey improve
d
the conte
n
t value more than
regul
ar d
eplo
y
ment in ord
e
r to in
cre
a
se publi
c
valu
e. Value cre
a
tion co
ncept
wa
s built up
on
three b
a
si
c q
uestio
n
s
whi
c
h are:
WHAT,
TO WHOM
and
HO
W [24
]. Those th
re
e que
stion
s
can
be explaine
d
as follo
w:
(1)
Conte
n
t will be the an
swe
r
of what to d
e
liver
. By using definition
above, it was defined that
conte
n
t of e-gove
r
nme
n
t con
s
ist of inform
atio
n and services. Most of e-Gove
rnme
nt
impleme
n
tation failure i
s
l
a
ck of inform
ation of
app
ro
priate
content
requi
red. By usin
g se
rvice
model fra
m
e
w
ork, it obvio
usly se
em
s that use
r
targ
et is not me
rely as inform
ation co
nsum
er
but also a
s
in
formation
so
u
r
ce. F
r
om
dat
a explor
ation,
we fou
nd tha
t
city/municip
a
lity object
s
have al
rea
d
y implem
ente
d
the
co
ncep
t of e-
govern
m
ent content
.
The detaile
d
explo
r
ation
wa
s
d
epi
cted
belo
w
. Interesting a
s
pe
ct
that emerge
d were conte
n
ts whi
c
h we
re provid
ed
innovatively.
(2)
Users
have t
o
be
d
e
fined
to an
swer
ba
sic
qu
es
tio
n
to whom it del
iver. Previous rese
arch of
Singapo
re
ca
se
dete
r
mine
d u
s
e
r
of
e-Govern
m
ent
can
be
di
stin
guished
into
citize
n a
n
d
resi
den
ce,
bu
sine
ss, an
d n
on
re
siden
ce.
If we
con
s
ide
r
ed
the
relatio
n
of u
s
e
r
and
its content,
then this was
an app
rop
r
iat
e
approa
ch to
be sele
cted.
(3)
Service M
ode
l wa
s u
s
ed to
explain h
o
w
to de
liver. F
r
o
m
previo
us
re
sea
r
ch, the a
u
thors hav
e
prop
osed IT servi
c
e mo
de
l for local g
o
v
ernme
n
t by whi
c
h rel
a
tio
n
shi
p
amon
g
partie
s
are
considered explicitly to dissolve lim
itatio
ns of existing
servi
c
e mo
de
l.
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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Conte
n
ts of e
-
Go
ve
rnm
ent for Pursuing
Value in
Indo
nesi
an Lo
cal
Governm
ent (Alfira Sofia)
7901
Table 2. Co
ntent Exploratio
n
Stage
Conce
p
t
Relati
on
Regul
ar Co
nte
n
t
Emerge
d Co
nte
n
t
Publish
Service is stat
ic information onl
y. I
t
means governm
ent delivered ser
v
ices
to user electronically
while informa
t
ion
from user an
d en
vironment is
delivered manually
.
G
S
U
‐
Ne
w
s
‐
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Official Agenda
‐
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Official Contact
‐
Vision and Mission
‐
Histor
y
‐
Orga
nization
Structure
‐
Question
and
Answ
e
r
‐
Search
engine
‐
Link
‐
Map
‐
Information
of
House of
Representatives
‐
Forum
‐
Pooling
‐
Document
of
Regional
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Regulation
‐
Regional
Financial
Regulation
‐
Middle
Period
Development Plan
(RPJ
MD)
‐
Regional
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Budget (APBD)
‐
Financial
Report
Notes (CaLK
)
‐
Balance
Sheet
‐
Cash
flow
‐
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Performance
Report (LAKIP)
‐
Asset
Inventor
y
‐
Gov
e
rnme
nt
Strategic Plan
‐
Promotion of local product
(SME product)
‐
Promotion of local tourism
destination
‐
Promotion of local events
‐
Promotion of local citizen
achievement
‐
Information of g
r
ow
ing
season
‐
Information of p
r
oduct market
price
‐
Information of citizen meeting
‐
Information of license
procedure
‐
Information of lo
an/grants fo
r
business
‐
Information of lo
an/grant fo
r
higher education
‐
Educational
materials
‐
information shari
ng in the
health sector
‐
information of job
vacancy
‐
information
of
w
e
ather
condition
U
G
None
‐
Information of p
e
r
sonal
identity
‐
Information of m
edical record
‐
Information of p
r
oduct profile
‐
Information of b
u
s
iness
activit
i
es
‐
Obstacle of business
activit
i
es
‐
Performance
Re
port of each
department
‐
User
s
complaint
‐
Users
suggestion/idea
E
G
None
‐
Information of p
o
t
ential
consumer
‐
Information
of
wo
rld
requirement
of local capability
‐
Information
of
national/international
economic indicat
o
rs condition
‐
Information of m
a
rket
competition
Interact
e-Gove
rnment d
e
velopment has
alread
y
accomm
odated t
w
o
wa
y
interaction of user,
w
hen s
y
ste
m
h
a
s
capability
to
receive information input
from user.
G S
‐
e-Procurem
ent
‐
e-
F
illing
T
a
x
‐
Interactive
channel
for
complaint and
suggestion
‐
e-License
‐
Direct official government
respond on a
n
swering users
complaint and suggestion
‐
Online based co
nnection
among official government
(official email/ch
atting room)
‐
Online based co
nnection
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
95 – 790
5
7902
S U
bet
w
een users a
nd
government (official
email/chatting room)
‐
Interactive inform
ation on
license proposal tracking
‐
Interactive inform
ation on tax
pa
y
m
ent proced
ures
‐
Interactive inform
ation on
procurement
stage execution
‐
e-Voting
‐
e-Securit
y
‐
e-
F
illing busines
s document
‐
Interactive inform
ation of
medical service/
hospital
E
G
None
‐
Information of p
o
t
ential
consumer
‐
Information
of
wo
rld
requirement
of local capability
‐
Information
of
national/international
economic indicat
o
rs condition
‐
Information of m
a
rket
competition
Transact
At this stage broader interaction
allow
ed am
ong g
o
vernment, user,
and
environment. Also pa
y
m
e
n
t
transaction is provided.
G S
‐
e-Ta
x
w
i
th
pa
y
m
ent
transaction
‐
e-License
w
i
th
pa
y
m
ent
transaction
‐
e-Procurem
ent
w
i
th pa
ymen
t
transaction
‐
enables
electronic
identification and
authentication thr
ough the
use of electronic signatures
‐
registration
for
training/prog
ram
‐
purchase of licenses and
permits
S U
S E
‐
e-Supplier
‐
e-Partne
rs
G U
e-Democrac
y
e-Participation
Note:
- All figures a
b
o
ve are res
u
lt of previo
us res
earch b
y
Ira
w
a
n
et all [24]
‐
G =
governme
n
t; U =
Users;
S =
Sy
stem (e-
G
overnme
n
t); E =
Environme
n
t.
‐
Green b
o
x
me
ans this sta
ge
(transact) has
not
ach
i
ev
ed
yet (exc
lu
din
g
Kabu
pate
n
Je
mbran
a
via e-Voti
ng in
villa
ge ch
ief el
ection), so t
he
contents came
up from resear
ch ana
l
y
sis.
‐
Enviro
nment is
an
y d
i
rect an
d in
direct p
a
rt
y
w
h
ich
has
int
e
rest
w
i
th s
e
rv
ice offeri
ng (su
c
h as
:
other ag
enc
ies
,
inst
itutions, etc.).
‐
Service
as me
diati
ng is to
rel
a
te inform
atio
n
or servic
e am
ong
parties
an
d in th
is rese
a
r
ch
w
e
ana
log
i
ze e-Go
vernme
nt as a service.
All cities/mun
icipalitie
s of this re
se
arch i
n
which in de
pth interview
and ob
se
rvation wa
s
employed
sta
t
ed benefits (values
) of their e-g
o
vern
m
ent impleme
n
t
ation as follo
w:
Table 3. Ben
e
fits Explorati
o
n
Ou
tpu
t
Ou
tco
m
e
‐
Cheap ope
ration
al cost
‐
F
a
st ser
v
ice time
‐
Cheap
ta
riff
‐
Easy
license pro
c
edure
‐
Easy
for
m
filling
‐
Efficient
Budget
‐
Ease the
w
o
rk b
u
rden
‐
Efficient
communication
Efficie
n
t ti
me a
nd ef
fec
t
i
v
e
goal
‐
Up to date n
e
w
s
‐
Easier to get info
rmation
‐
Faster to catch in
formation
‐
Easier to search data
‐
Easier to disseminate meeting
infor
m
ation
‐
Do
w
n
load license form
‐
Do
w
n
load Re
gional Regulation
Better data an
d infor
m
ati
on
a
v
ai
labili
t
y
‐
Increased
Investment
‐
Increased people
bargaining
‐
Less
subsidies
‐
Increased Public income/profit
‐
Increased public revenue
Increase
d Publ
i
c
w
e
lfare/Gro
w
th Dome
stic
Bruto (
G
DP)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Conte
n
ts of e
-
Go
ve
rnm
ent for Pursuing
Value in
Indo
nesi
an Lo
cal
Governm
ent (Alfira Sofia)
7903
‐
Easy
to make semester
r
epor
t
‐
Easy
f
o
r monito
ring activity
to rep
o
rt
‐
Easy
f
o
r contr
o
lling Investment
‐
Easier to report
t
o
central
government
‐
Minimize entry
d
a
ta erro
r
‐
Easy
f
o
r monito
ring and controlling
on w
o
rk
impleme
n
tation
Increase
d of
fici
al
Go
v
e
r
n
me
nt Pe
rforma
nce
‐
Positive management change
‐
To encoura
ge re
al good governa
nce
‐
Some parties could monitor and
control activity
ta
rget achievement
‐
Official government perfo
rmance
assessment is m
o
re transpa
rent
‐
As guidance for
achieving target
‐
Kno
w
ing
official
government
agenda/activity
‐
Auction/procure
m
ent activity
is more
transparent
Built trans
p
aren
c
y
a
nd
accou
n
ta
ble c
u
l
t
ure
‐
Storage fo
r keeping and mana
ging
information/kno
w
ledge
‐
As media for developing staff skill
and capability
‐
Free
kno
w
led
ge
resource
Kno
w
ledge
stor
age
From findi
ng
above, re
se
a
r
ch
er
claim t
hat
there
wa
s eme
r
ge
nt b
enefits that came up
after diggin
g
deepe
r inte
rview
with p
a
ticipa
nts,
which h
a
ve n
o
t revealed
yet at previous
resea
r
ch. The benefit wa
s kno
w
led
ge storage, whic
h
came up fro
m
all cities/m
unici
palities,
and
it referred
g
o
vernm
ent b
e
st p
r
a
c
tice
s had al
re
ad
y unde
rstan
d
how to
u
s
e
e-G
o
vern
m
e
n
t
effec
t
ively.
4. Conclu
sion
This resea
r
ch applie
d a
qualitative approa
ch
to
explore
sim
u
ltaneo
usly
probl
em
s,
conte
n
ts, and
benefits were gaine
d fro
m
7 cities/m
u
n
icip
alities. In
done
sia
n
e-G
o
vernm
ent b
e
st
pra
c
tice
s
wa
s cho
s
e
n
from
som
e
e-Gov
e
rnm
ent impl
ementation
a
s
sessme
nt, e
.
g. Kota Cima
hi,
Kota Bogor,
Kota Yogyaka
r
ta, Kota
Surabay
a,
Kota Malang
, Kabupaten
Jemb
ran
a
, and
Kabupate
n
Sragen. It is on
e of the first rese
arche
s
in
Indone
sia
n
e-Govern
ment i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
by exploring
best practi
ce
conte
n
ts
which emerged in
each city/municip
a
lity.
From expl
ori
ng re
se
arch,
it was
reve
aled
that
p
r
o
b
lems are
ca
tegori
z
ed as planni
ng
(vision
alig
n
m
ent,
ro
adm
ap), huma
n
reso
urce
s and
organi
zation
(le
ade
r, he
a
d
of
depa
rtm
ent,
staff, organi
zation structure), inform
ation contents
(availability, information value, manager),
techn
o
logy (in ch
oo
sing
effective tech
nol
o
g
y, prog
ram
m
ers), and fina
ncial
(sou
rces,
manag
eme
n
t). Therefo
r
e i
n
this study a
l
so ex
plo
r
ed
recomme
ndat
ion on ho
w to anticipate
d
all
probl
em
s and
then created
innovative an
d cre
a
tive
co
ntents in orde
r to achieve e
x
pected valu
e.
By using serv
ice mod
e
l an
d e-G
o
vernm
ent stage m
o
del, we an
alyze em
erg
ed
conte
n
ts
su
ch as info
rmation of g
r
owi
ng sea
s
on and pr
od
uct market price, edu
cat
i
onal materi
a
l
s,
informatio
n of medical reco
rd, use
r
s’ co
mplaint, information of worldwid
e potent
ial con
s
um
er,
e-
Voting, intera
ctive inform
ation of me
dical se
rvic
e/ho
spital, pu
rcha
se of li
cen
s
e
s
an
d pe
rmit
s.
Particip
ants
also
state
d
some
value
s
achieved
b
y
impleme
n
ting e
-
Gove
rn
ment, tho
s
e
are:
efficient time
and effe
ctive goal, bett
e
r data
and
informatio
n
availability, increa
sed
pu
blic
welfare, incre
a
se
d official gov
ern
m
ent p
e
rform
a
n
c
e, built tr
ansparency and a
ccountabl
e cult
ure,
and kno
w
led
ge storage.
Re
sea
r
che
r
con
c
lu
ded in
novative and
cr
eative wa
y in creatin
g content
s became
importa
nt alternative
solut
i
ons fo
r gove
r
nme
n
t
to implement
su
ccessful e-Gov
e
rnm
ent. Since
the purpo
se
of impleme
n
ting e-Gove
rn
ment we
re
1
)
to provide
more
co
nven
ient acce
ss to
govern
m
ent i
n
formatio
n a
n
d
services,
2) to imp
r
ove
th
e qu
ality of th
e services an
d 3) to p
r
ovid
e
greate
r
op
po
rtunities to p
a
rticip
ate in
demo
c
rati
c i
n
stitution
s
an
d pro
c
e
s
ses,
we are ce
rt
ain
there
were m
any ways to
cre
a
te effecti
v
e cont
ent
s to achi
eve go
als be
sid
e
co
ntents that was
comm
on in u
s
e previou
s
ly.
5. Furth
er
Re
s
earch
This
re
sea
r
ch
wa
s one
of the bun
dle
research
e
s
in
co
mpleting di
ssertation
re
sea
r
ch. In
-
depth intervi
e
w and o
b
se
rvation that have alrea
d
y done contain
of a lot of d
a
ta that can be
descri
be
as b
r
oad
ma
p of
e-Gove
rnm
e
n
t
impleme
n
tation at
city/municip
a
lity best
pra
c
tices.
We
learn
ed
abo
ut their
origi
nal reci
pe
s i
n
ma
king
th
eir effo
rt su
cceed. Even
som
e
of th
eir
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
95 – 790
5
7904
experie
nces
were ju
st b
a
s
ed
on
logi
cal thin
king
a
nd u
nde
rsta
n
d
ing
of their
so
ciety, also
fro
m
local cha
r
a
c
t
e
rist
i
c
.
For furthe
r
resea
r
ch, au
thor ha
s pl
annin
g
to propo
se
d kn
o
w
led
ge ada
p
t
ion o
n
Indone
sia
n
e
-
Govern
ment i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
, sin
c
e
this
area
of
re
sea
r
ch
is a
s
n
e
w paradig
m
tre
nd
and obvio
usly
emerg
e
in in-depth intervie
ws a
nd ob
se
rvations data
colle
ction.
Referen
ces
[1]
F
ang Z
.
E-governme
n
t in Dig
ital Era: Conc
e
p
t, Practice, and Dev
e
lo
pme
n
t.
In
te
rn
a
t
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