Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineer
ing and Computer Scien
ce
V
o
l. 9, N
o
. 2
,
Febr
u
ar
y 201
8, pp
.
27
1
~
27
4
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.
11591/ijeecs
.v9.
i
2
.pp271-274
2
71
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Electri
c
al Interf
e
ren
ce Problems
o
n Comm
erci
al Fi
s
hing
Ve
sse
l
s: A Rev
iew
Pank
aj K
um
ar Sinh
a
1
, Pree
tha
Sh
ar
an
2
1
Res
ear
ch S
cho
l
ar, D
epartm
ent
o
f
E
EEM,
A
MET
Unive
r
sity
,
Chenna
i
2
Departm
ent
of
E
le
ctri
cal
and
E
l
ectron
i
cs
Eng
ine
e
ring,
Oxford C
olleg
e
of
Engin
e
ering & Techno
log
y
, Bang
a
lor
e
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 20, 2017
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 30
, 20
17
Accepte
d Ja
n 17, 2018
Canadian
C
oast
G
uard
(
CCG)
provi
des
Marine
C
ommunications
centr
e
(M
CC)
w
ith
f
ina
n
cia
l
a
s
s
i
s
t
an
ce
s
u
rve
y
ed
f
or
E
le
ctrom
a
gnet
i
c
Co
mpa
t
i
b
ility
and
Electromagnetic
Interfer
e
nce
(
E
MC/EM
I)
corr
elated
t
roubles
on
industrial
b
a
sed
fishing
vessels
l
ess
than
t
wenty
metr
es.
Th
e
e
le
ctr
i
ca
l
condition
should
be
p
rov
i
ded
for
the
vessels
a
nd
it
is
t
he
goal
o
f
the
surv
ey
.
B
y
p
erforming
"electrical
n
o
i
se
"
measurement
method
the
necessa
ry
d
a
t
a
was
obtain
e
d.
S
evera
l
a
u
t
opilo
t
s
y
s
t
em
s
are
s
u
s
cept
i
ble
to
H
igh
F
requen
c
y
Single
Side
B
and
(HF
SSB)
t
ransm
itters
due
t
o
the
absence
o
f
e
l
ec
tric
a
l
noise
s
uppressio
n
s
cheme.
T
he
m
ai
n
objectiv
e
o
f
t
he
s
urvey
is
t
o
ana
l
y
s
e
the
better electrica
l noise suppressio
n
method
for
fis
h
ing vessels.
K
eyw
ords
:
M
a
ri
ne C
om
muni
cat
i
o
n
Electrical Nois
e
Measurem
ent
Electrical Nois
e
Suppressi
on
Electrical Inter
fere
nce P
r
oble
m
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Pan
k
aj
K
um
ar Si
nha
,
Research Sc
h
olar, Depa
rtm
e
nt of EEEM,
AM
ET
Uni
v
er
sity
,
Ch
enn
a
i.
Em
a
il:
1.
INTRODUCTION
Navi
gat
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
ewor
ks
a
n
d
E
l
ect
r
onic
i
n
form
ation
syste
m
s
are
cu
rre
ntly
u
sed
and
ordinarily
p
laced
o
n
s
m
a
ll
b
u
s
iness-related
and
con
t
en
tm
en
t
craft.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
blem
s
are
EMC/EMImay
b
e
regardless
of
th
e vo
lu
m
e
o
r d
i
fficu
lty o
f the fish
i
n
g v
e
ssel.
2.
BA
C
KGR
OUN
D
In
e
lectronic
inform
ation
syste
m
h
ave
s
o
me
p
roblem
s
are
often
i
m
pul
si
ve
i
n
t
h
e
nat
u
re
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
l
f
unct
i
o
n
or
i
n
t
h
e
e
v
ent
t
i
m
i
ng
[
1
]
.
M
C
C
’s
m
ai
n
m
o
t
i
ve
i
s
t
o
h
el
p
C
a
nadi
a
n
i
nd
ust
r
y
an
d
al
s
o
t
o
devel
o
p
marin
e
t
ran
s
po
rtation
c
orrelated
c
o
m
m
o
d
itie
s
an
d
serv
ices.
Th
e
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
a
r
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
E
M
I
/
E
M
C
a
n
d
m
o
st
ly
f
unct
i
o
ned
i
n
a
m
ari
n
e
envi
ro
nm
ent
t
h
eref
o
r
e
i
t
i
s
m
anda
te
f
o
r
M
CC
to
a
d
d
ress
th
e
prob
lem.
M
CC
has
f
u
r
n
i
s
he
d
EM
C
/
EM
I
sur
v
ey
w
i
t
h
t
he
h
el
p
o
f
C
C
G
.
It
i
ncl
udes
twenty-t
hree
business
-related
f
ishing
v
e
ssels b
en
eath
twen
ty m
etre
s [2
].
3.
THE PROBLEM
Gene
ral
l
y
t
he
v
essel
s
a
re
c
onst
r
uct
e
d
usi
ng
no
n
m
e
t
a
lli
c
m
a
t
e
ri
als
since
it
has
ease
and
idea
l
infra
struct
ure
fo
r
electro
nics
i
n
s
tallatio
n
s
.
Th
e
targ
et
o
f
th
e
e
xam
i
nat
i
on
wa
s
t
o
m
ake
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on
t
o
b
e
av
ailab
l
e wh
ile con
sid
e
ring
el
ectrical co
n
d
itio
n of t
h
e
se v
esse
ls [
3]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
71 – 274
27
2
4.
PROP
OSE
D
S
OLUTI
O
N
The objective
s
of
the s
u
rvey were:
(i)
To
e
num
erate
the
c
h
aracteristi
c
of
E
l
ect
r
o
-M
agnet
i
c
(EM
)
e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
(ra
di
at
ed
a
nd
c
o
n
duct
e
d)
o
n
t
h
es
e
vessels.
(ii)
To
r
ecognize, t
he
r
ange a
nd typ
es of electrical installation pr
obl
em
s;
t
hi
s fo
un
d
o
n
t
he
se fi
s
hi
n
g
v
essel
s
.
5.
MEASUREMENTS METHODOL
OGY
To
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
am
ount
o
f
"el
ect
ri
cal
c
ont
am
i
n
at
i
on"
r
adi
a
t
e
d
n
oi
se
m
easurem
e
nt
s
wer
e
e
xecut
e
d
o
n
all
expe
rim
e
ntal
v
essels
i
n
t
h
e
High
F
re
quency
(
LF),
M
e
d
ium
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
M
F
)
,
a
n
d
L
o
w
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
F
)
spect
r
u
m
s
a
s
o
p
erat
i
o
n
res
u
l
t
of
a
s
hi
p'
s
eq
ui
pm
ent
.
T
he
c
o
m
par
i
s
ons
a
re
m
adeam
ong
t
h
e
o
bt
ai
ned
val
u
es
o
f
radi
at
ed
n
oi
se
l
evel
a
nd
bac
k
gr
o
u
nd
n
oise
l
evel
o
f
the
experim
e
ntal
d
evice.
T
he
b
ackground
noise
l
e
v
el
i
s
not
hi
n
g
b
ut
t
he
r
efe
r
e
n
ce
noi
se
l
evel
m
easurem
ent
was
t
a
ken
as
th
e
in
itial
m
e
a
s
u
r
em
en
t
at
p
o
ssib
l
e
conditions
[
4]-[5].
From
t
his
re
fe
rence
scan
t
he
r
ecei
ver's
con
t
r
ol
c
om
pu
t
e
r
w
oul
d
sel
e
ct
fre
que
nci
e
s
t
o
b
e
use
d
f
or
s
u
b
se
que
nt
t
est
i
n
g
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
i
nim
u
m
acti
v
i
t
y
r
ang
e
of
t
es
t
freque
n
cies
t
he
c
om
puter
p
rogram
i
s
s
el
ect
ed
f
o
r
t
he
p
art
i
c
ul
ar
a
ppl
i
cat
i
o
n.
T
he
fre
que
nci
e
s
o
b
t
ained
from
t
he
e
xperim
ental
value
are
e
x
a
m
ined
and
t
h
e
val
u
e
cont
ai
n
s
h
i
g
h
e
r
ene
r
gy
s
uc
h
as
r
a
d
i
o
r
a
n
ge
t
ra
nsc
ei
ve
r
fre
que
nci
e
s
a
r
e
excl
ude
d
fr
om
t
he
radiated
e
xpe
rimental
r
esults.
By
t
his
way
the
de
vice
that
g
ene
rates
higher
radiated
noi
se
can
b
e
determined
in
easier way [6
].
The
probable
noise
g
e
n
erat
ors
we
re
e
xperi
e
nced
i
n
t
h
e
measurem
e
nt
p
art
of
t
he
s
ur
vey
s
o
t
h
at
t
he
devices
o
f
the
vessels
can
b
e
determ
ined.
This
p
rovide
s
large
a
m
ount
o
f
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on
ab
out
t
he
d
e
v
i
ce
prese
n
t
i
n
t
he
f
i
s
hi
ng
v
essel
s
. T
he
r
ad
i
a
ted
no
ise test
s resu
lts are su
mmar
i
s
e
d
as
f
ollo
w
s
.
6.
ALTERNAT
O
R ME
ASUREMENTS
Al
t
e
rnat
or
i
s
t
h
e
pri
n
ci
pal
s
o
ur
ce
u
se
d
t
o
m
easure
the
nois
e
pr
esent
on
a
l
l
v
essels.
Se
ve
nteen
o
f
the
twen
ty
t
hree
vessels
s
urv
e
yed
(82
%
)
h
a
d
in
sufficien
t
altern
at
o
r
n
o
i
se
c
o
n
t
ain
m
en
t
filters
r
esu
ltan
t
i
n
no
ise
intensities
ranges
3
0
-
80
d
B
a
bove
b
ackground.
T
he
a
lternat
or
no
ise
lev
e
ls
f
or
s
ev
en
o
f
th
e
v
e
ssel
s
(
36
%)
out
o
f
w
h
ol
e
were
c
o
n
si
de
re
d
e
x
cessi
ve
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
s
u
p
eri
o
r
t
h
an
5
0
dB
.
T
o
c
ol
l
a
ps
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on,
t
h
e
pe
rf
o
r
m
a
nce
an
d
navi
gat
i
onal
ut
ensi
l
s
o
n
t
h
e
vessel
t
h
i
s
n
o
ise
i
n
tensity
i
s
g
o
o
d
e
no
ugh
[
7
]
.
For
6
0
%
of
the
survey
v
es
sels
polystyrene
capacitors
w
ith
1
.0μf
i
s
connect
e
d
f
rom
each
o
utput
lead
o
f
the
alternator
t
o
the
case
of
t
he
a
lternator
b
y
MCC
a
g
en
t.
T
h
e
n
ew
ly
c
on
n
e
c
t
ed
v
e
s
s
e
l
s
a
r
e
t
a
k
e
n
f
o
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
e
d
n
o
i
s
e
measurem
ent periodica
l
l
y
for
c
om
pari
son
.
6.
1.
DC
M
ot
ors
DC
m
ot
ors
ge
nerat
e
s
ra
di
at
ed
n
oi
se
m
easurem
ent
s
on
t
h
e
sur
v
ey
ed
v
e
s
s
e
ls,
the
m
easurem
ents
a
re
p
e
rform
e
d
in
D
C
m
o
to
rs
c
on
tain
ed
i
n
twen
ty
t
h
r
ee
v
e
ssels.
Th
e
r
ad
iated
no
ise
m
easu
r
e
m
en
ts
r
esu
lts
u
p
to
60
dB
ab
o
v
e t
h
e
b
ackg
r
ou
n
d
. Ty
pi
cal
l
y
t
he m
otor n
oi
se w
as 1
0 -
3
0
dB
a
bo
v
e
t
he back
gr
o
u
n
d
l
e
vel
.
T
he fi
l
t
e
red
capaci
t
o
rs
a
re
a
dde
d
t
o
s
i
x
t
een
m
ot
ors
a
m
ong
t
h
em
nine
m
ot
ors
ar
eclear
v
iew
sc
reen
m
otors.
M
CC
technician’s
us
es
0
.1pF
cera
m
ic
capacitors
t
o
installacross
the
dc
p
o
w
er
l
eads
i
n
si
d
e
t
he
m
ot
or
h
ousi
n
g
seco
nd
radi
at
e
d
n
oi
se
m
easurem
ent
do
ne
s
im
ul
t
a
neous
l
y
.
Acr
o
ss
i
np
u
t
p
ow
er
l
ead
s
1pf
p
o
l
ystyr
e
ne
cap
acito
rs was in
s
talled
wh
ich l
ead
s t
o
1
0 -
20
d
B r
e
du
ctio
n in
t
he
3
0
0
k
H
z
t
o
3 M
H
z ra
n
g
e.
6.
2.
Electrical Equipment
Anothe
r
noise
source,
v
ery
high
o
n
som
e
v
essels,
was
the
electr
ical
e
qui
pm
ent
such
a
s
battery
char
ger
s
a
nd
d
c
-t
o-
1
2
0
v
o
l
t
-
a
c
p
owe
r
c
on
ve
rt
ers.
O
nl
y
a
f
e
w
po
w
er
c
onverters
w
e
r
e
e
n
countere
d
during
t
h
e
sur
v
ey
,
ho
we
v
e
r
al
l
pr
od
uce
d
v
e
r
y
hi
g
h
l
e
v
el
s
o
f
r
a
d
i
a
t
e
d
n
o
i
s
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
duct
i
o
n
of
n
o
i
se
from
t
h
ese
devi
ce
s
was n
o
t
atte
m
p
ted
du
e t
o
tim
e
con
s
train
t
s.
6.
3.
Electronic Equipment
The
fi
nal
cl
ass
of
n
oi
se
s
ou
r
ces
m
easured
w
as
t
he
e
lectronic
br
idg
e
e
qu
ip
m
e
n
t
.
Gen
e
rally,
th
ese
devices
w
e
r
e
fairly
quiet;
howeve
r
,
t
h
ere
were
o
c
casions
w
he
n
v
ery
hi
g
h
r
a
d
i
a
t
e
d
n
o
i
s
e
(3
0
-
50
d
B
)
l
evel
s
were
m
easured.
The
shi
p
s'
r
ada
r
s
were
t
he
noi
si
est
of
t
hi
s
gr
ou
p,
f
ol
l
o
we
d
by
f
i
s
h
fi
n
d
i
n
g
e
q
ui
pm
ent
(so
u
nde
rs
a
n
d
sona
r)
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
he
c
om
pl
exi
t
y
o
f
t
h
ese
devi
ces
a
n
d
t
h
eir
in
stallatio
n
s
,
as
w
ell
as
t
i
m
e
con
s
t
r
ai
nt
s,
n
o
at
t
e
m
p
t
was
m
a
de
t
o
re
duc
e
t
h
e
ra
di
at
ed
noi
se
.
It
i
s
likely
that
i
n
order
to
r
e
d
uce
t
h
e
noise
fr
om
s
om
e
of
t
he
r
a
d
a
r
s
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
on
o
f
s
ol
ut
i
o
ns
m
ay
b
e
re
qui
red.
C
ab
le
s
h
i
eld
i
ng
,
t
r
an
sm
itter
sh
ield
ing
and
sca
nne
r m
o
t
o
r
deco
u
p
l
i
n
g a
r
e s
o
m
e
pos
si
bl
e sol
u
t
i
o
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Electrical Inter
f
erence Pr
oblemson C
o
mmer
c
ial Fi
shi
n
g
Ve
ssel
s
: A
Revi
ew
(
P
ank
aj
K
u
mar
Si
nh
a)
27
3
6.
4.
Vulnera
b
ility Tests
Vu
l
n
erab
ility
t
ests
w
ere
p
e
rfo
r
m
e
d
d
u
ring
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y.
T
he
f
ield
s
t
r
en
gt
hs
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
SSB
and
V
H
F
radi
os
o
n
t
h
e
shi
p
i
s
m
easur
ed
i
n
t
h
e
pri
m
ary
t
e
st
a
nd
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
rferen
ce
l
ev
el
t
o
th
e
sh
ip’s
a
u
t
op
ilot
was
d
e
term
in
ed
i
n
th
e
second
ary
test
w
h
i
ch
r
esu
lts
o
p
e
ratio
n
of
H
F
SS
B
radi
o
.
D
et
e
r
m
i
ni
ng
R
a
di
o
Fi
el
d
St
ren
g
t
h
’s
(
R
F
S)
i
s
t
h
e
pri
m
ary
t
a
sk
i
n
t
h
e
hi
gh
fre
que
nc
y
SSB
t
r
ansm
it
t
e
r
by
m
easuri
ng
ant
e
nn
a
i
n
t
he
wheel
house
.
T
he
t
ypical
calculated
level
was
160dBpV/m.
T
he
s
ec
on
dary
v
u
l
n
e
rab
ility
t
est
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
fo
r
autopilot
susce
p
tibility
.
This
t
est
is
c
onducted
d
uri
ng
the
t
r
a
nsm
i
ssi
on
m
a
de
u
si
ng
t
h
e
shi
p
s
HF
SSB
r
adi
o
an
d
in
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
at
ic
s
teerin
g
m
o
d
e
.
Malfu
n
c
tion
s
w
ere
illu
strio
u
s
during
th
is
t
est.
T
h
e
e
xp
erim
e
n
t
was
usu
a
l
l
y
fi
n
i
s
he
d
wi
t
h
t
he
ra
d
i
o
i
n
AM
m
ode
w
i
t
h
a
n
out
put
p
o
w
e
r
o
f a
p
pr
o
x
i
m
at
el
y
25
w
a
t
t
s
[8]
.
Po
wer,
e
l
ect
r
oni
c
m
e
ssage
a
nd
na
vi
ga
t
i
onal
devi
ce
s
gene
rat
e
r
ad
iated
and
co
nd
u
c
ted
electrom
a
gnetic
i
nterfe
re
nce
i
n
t
he
v
es
sels
a
nd
t
hese
m
easurem
e
n
t
s
ar
e
t
a
k
e
n
du
r
i
ng
t
he
s
ur
v
e
y.
I
n
commo
n
con
d
i
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
e
l
ect
ri
cal
c
oor
di
nat
i
o
n
sy
st
em
d
at
a
was
al
so
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
d
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
rega
rdi
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
j
unct
i
o
n
[
9
]
.
T
he
s
t
a
t
e
o
f
t
h
e
st
udi
e
d
v
es
sel
s
m
a
y
s
hift
o
f
the
electrica
l
fram
e
works
on
t
he
revi
e
w
ed
v
ess
e
l
s
c
han
g
ed
e
x
t
raor
di
na
ri
l
y
D
esi
gn
a
nd
per
f
o
rm
ance
a
nal
y
si
s
of
M
IM
O
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
t
e
m
usi
n
g
di
ffe
re
nt
a
nt
e
nna
c
o
n
fi
gu
rat
i
ons
i
s
di
scu
s
sed
i
n
[
10]
.
Su
bseq
ue
n
tly,
so
m
e
m
o
r
e
estab
lish
e
d
boats
h
ad
electrical
frameworks
that
u
t
ili
zed
p
ri
v
a
te
w
iring
m
a
terials
an
d
t
ech
ni
q
u
es,
w
h
i
l
e
m
ore
up
t
o
dat
e
v
essel
s
u
tilized
m
arin
e
con
v
e
yan
ce
bo
ard
s
a
nd
m
arin
e
pro
t
ected
l
in
k
s
o
r
c
o
ndu
cto
r
R
eactiv
e
Po
wer
Pricing
Using
Gr
ou
p Sea
r
c
h
Opt
i
m
i
zati
on i
n
De
r
egulated Electricity
M
ar
ket
is
expl
ai
ne
d i
n
[
11]
. As a t
e
st
t
o check w
het
h
e
r
th
e
m
o
re
c
urren
t
e
stab
lish
m
en
ts
a
ffected
t
h
e
t
ran
s
m
itted
co
mm
o
t
io
n
fro
m
th
e
sh
ip,
ex
am
in
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
deliberate
em
anated
c
lam
our
l
evel
s
were
m
ade
betwee
n
boats,
w
it
h
co
n
t
rastin
g
electrical
fram
e
work
s
yet
with
a similar g
ear ru
n
n
i
ng
[1
2
]
.
Sin
ce
th
e
v
a
st
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
th
e
b
o
a
ts
u
tilized
c
o
m
p
a
rab
l
e
altern
at
ors
,
t
he
a
l
t
ernat
o
r
est
i
m
at
i
ons
w
ere
i
n
co
rp
orat
e
d
i
nt
o
t
h
e
i
nvest
i
g
a
tio
n.
R
ad
ar
e
sti
m
at
io
n
s
w
ere
lik
ewise
picked
o
n
the
gr
ou
nd
s
th
at
n
u
m
er
ou
s
vessel
s
h
a
d
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
m
odel
s
a
nd
t
h
e
ra
da
rs
b
y
and
l
a
rge
del
i
vere
d
gen
u
i
n
e
l
y
hi
gh
em
anated
c
om
m
o
t
i
on
whe
n
cont
rast
ed
w
i
t
h
a
l
arge
p
o
r
t
i
on
of
a
l
t
e
r
n
at
e
har
d
wa
re.
T
h
e
dat
a
d
em
onst
r
at
ed
t
hat
u
nde
r
no
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
on
was
an
ol
de
r
ve
ssel
l
e
ss
l
o
u
d
t
han
t
h
e
m
o
re
up
t
o
d
at
e
vessel
wi
t
h
w
hi
c
h
it
was
com
p
ared.
Some
o
f
this
e
xpans
i
on
might
b
e
ide
n
tified
with
m
aturin
g:
o
f
hardware
o
r
decay
o
f
the
sh
ip
's
e
lectrical
fram
e
work
b
y
and
larg
e.
I
t
is
likely
in
a
ny
c
ase,
t
hat
the
protected
m
arine
links
a
nd
c
h
a
nnel
u
tilized
o
n
th
e
m
o
re
u
p
to
d
ate
v
e
ssels
h
av
e
adde
d t
o
t
he
c
h
a
nge
.
7.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The
sm
all
vessel
survey
h
as
g
iven
i
m
p
res
s
ive
data
o
n
the
electr
ical
s
tate
o
f
th
e
k
i
nd
o
f
v
e
ssel
rev
i
ewed.
Th
e
o
b
t
ain
e
d
i
n
fo
rmatio
n
b
a
se
i
s
m
o
d
e
rately
little
(
2
2
vessel
s
),
s
o
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
m
ay
not
p
re
ci
sel
y
spea
k
to
t
he
g
eneral
e
lectric
a
l
state
of
t
his
class
of
v
ess
e
l.
I
n
a
ny
case,
t
he
h
i
g
h
rat
e
o
f
vari
at
i
o
ns
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
norm
w
atched
d
em
onstrates
t
hat
c
oncei
vably
difficult
issues
e
xi
s
t
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
u
l
d
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
v
e
s
s
e
l
s
security.Practically
n
one
of
t
he
v
essels’
ele
c
trical
d
evices
(
m
otors,
b
attery
c
hargers,
e
tc.)
h
ad
a
de
quate
noise
su
ppr
ession
a
nd
,
i
n
f
act,
m
o
st
d
ev
ices
h
a
d
n
one.
G
reater
p
art
o
f
t
h
e
de
vi
ces
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
noi
se
l
evel
s
whi
c
h
coul
d
p
o
ssi
bl
y
i
nfl
u
e
n
ces
r
a
d
i
o
n
a
v
i
g
at
i
o
n
a
nd
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
ons.
B
y
of
fer
i
ng
rel
i
a
bl
e
a
n
d
ade
q
u
a
t
e
s
hi
el
di
ng
an
d
filtering
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e
s
several
prob
lem
s
lik
e
emissio
n
s
and
in
terference
affects
c
oul
d
be
r
e
d
uc
ed
t
o
acceptable le
ve
ls.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Perera
L
.
P.
a
n
d
S
oares
C.
G
.
,
“
Maritim
e
Tr
affic
Monitorin
g
B
as
ed
O
n
V
e
s
s
e
l
Det
ect
ion,
T
ra
cking
,
S
ta
t
e
Es
tim
ation
and
Traj
ector
y P
r
edi
c
tion
,
”
IEEE Trans
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Intell. Transp. Syst.
, vol/issue: 13(3)
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8–1200, 2012
.
[2]
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UK
shipping
density
a
nd
r
outes
from
AIS
,
”
M
a
rine
M
anag
ement
Or
ganisation
,
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ew
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Ty
n
e
,
U.K., MMO Project no
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[3]
Yue
Y.
a
nd
Krishnan
R.,
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M
y
opic
Adaptiv
e
Route
Plannin
g
i
n
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tain
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ongestion
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[4]
C.
J
.
Saunders,
“Procedure
for
Mi
nimu
m
Electrical
I
nterfer
e
nce
in
N
ew
R
es
earch
L
abora
t
ori
e
s
,
”
in
Electromagnetic Compatib
ility Symposium Record, IEEE In
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ational
, pp
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[5]
Melvin
a
nd
Hic
k
s,
“
Results
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f
a
surve
y
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f
el
ectr
i
ca
l
int
e
rfer
e
n
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in
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a
tion and
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stem
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enc
e
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th
e I
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EE
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h
itehead
S
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an
d
Gill
A.
J
.,
“
El
ectr
i
ca
l
in
terf
ere
n
ce
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r
ad
i
o
r
ecep
tion,
”
Journal of
the Institution of
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l
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[7]
R.
Z
hang
and
C
.
K
.
Ho,
“MIMO
br
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for
simultaneous
w
ire
less
information
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t
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IE
EE
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Wireless Communications
,
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[8]
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a
nd
M.
A
rioua,
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y
-
Efficient
H
y
brid
K
-
M
eans
Algo
rith
m
for
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s
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Inter
national Journal of Electrical
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d Computer Eng
i
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JECE)
,
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2054-2060,
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ISS
N
:
2502-
4
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d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
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o.
2
,
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br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
71 – 274
27
4
[9]
M.
D
.
N.
B
hange
a
nd
C.
G
.
Dethe,
“
Performance
of
P
ilot-Aided
3D
-OFDM
Cha
nnel
Estim
at
ion
Using
Different
Antenna
C
onfig
urations,”
Indon
esian Journal o
f
Electrical
En
g
i
neering and
C
o
mputer Scien
c
e
,
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[10]
Agarwal
A.
a
nd
M
e
hta
S
.
N
.,
“
D
es
ign
and
perfor
m
ance
anal
ys
is
o
f
M
IMO-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
using
differen
t
a
ntenn
a
configurations,”
i
n
Electrical, Electr
onics, and O
p
timization Tech
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I
C
EEOT)
, International
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,
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, 2016.
[11]
Kannan
G.,
et al.
,
“Reactiv
e
Power
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Using
Group
Search
O
ptimization
in
D
e
re
gul
at
e
d
E
l
e
ct
ri
ci
ty
M
a
r
ke
t,
”
in
Pow
e
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Re
n
e
w
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[12]
V.
N
agara
j
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