Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
2
26
~
2
34
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.pp
2
26
-
2
34
226
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
A new d
esig
n
of
high out
pu
t v
olta
ge re
ctifi
er for r
ectenn
a
system
at 2.4
5 G
Hz
A.
T
aybi
1
, A.
Tajm
ouat
i
2
,
J.
Z
bito
u
3
, A. E
rrki
k
4
, M. L
atrach
5
,
L. El
A
bdell
aoui
6
1,2,3,4,6
LMEE
T
,
F
ST
of
Set
ta
t
,
H
a
ss
an
1st Uni
ver
s
ity
,
Settat
,
Moro
cc
o
5
Microwa
ve
Gro
up
ESEO
Anger
s,
Franc
e
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
29
, 201
8
Re
vised N
ov 15
, 2
018
Accepte
d Nov
26
, 201
8
Thi
s
pap
er
d
ea
l
s
with
th
e
d
esign
and
ac
h
ie
ve
m
ent
of
a
nove
l
m
ic
rostr
i
p
rec
t
ifi
er
wi
th
hig
h
conve
rsion
eff
ic
i
ency
and
outp
ut
volt
ag
e.
Firstl
y
,
we
h
av
e
designe
d
a
re
ct
if
ie
r
base
d
on
HS
MS
2820
Schott
k
y
d
iode
s
b
y
us
ing
a
ser
ie
s
topol
og
y
to
co
nver
t
the
elec
t
r
om
agne
ti
c
en
er
g
y
int
o
DC
po
wer.
The
n,
a
steppe
d
-
imped
anc
e
low
pass
fil
te
r
was
implemente
d
to
fi
lt
er
th
e
unwanted
har
m
onic
s
gene
r
at
ed
b
y
the
non
-
li
ne
ar
Schott
k
y
diode
.
Bo
th
of
t
he
struct
ur
e
s
have
be
en
sim
ula
t
ed
and
fab
ricate
d
on
an
FR
4
subs
tra
te
wit
h
die
l
ec
tr
i
c
per
m
it
ti
vi
t
y
con
stant
4.
4
,
th
ic
kn
ess
of
1.
6
m
m
and
loss
t
ang
en
t
of
0.
025
.
Good
per
form
anc
es
were
conf
ir
m
ed
throughout
the
m
ea
surem
en
t
resul
ts
an
d
an
in
te
rest
ing
ou
tput
vol
ta
g
e
was
observe
d.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Mi
cro
strip
r
ect
ifie
r
Ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
Schott
ky d
i
od
e
Stepp
e
d
-
im
ped
ance lo
w pass
filt
er
W
i
reless
powe
r
tra
ns
m
issi
on
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
A.
Tay
bi
,
LME
ET,
FST of
Sett
at
,
Hassa
n 1st Uni
ver
sit
y, Sett
at
, M
orocco
.
Em
a
il
:
taybi.abdell
ah@gm
ai
l.
com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ow
i
ng
to
t
he
pro
gr
ess
of
el
ect
ronics
in
re
cent
ye
ars,
it
has
bec
om
e
increasin
gly
co
m
m
on
to
us
e
sens
or
s
,
se
ns
or
net
works
an
d
wi
reless
act
uato
rs
in
m
any
areas
(s
pace
,
m
il
it
ary,
m
e
dical
,
dom
est
i
c,
...)
,
and
es
pecial
ly
in
places
that
a
re
da
ng
e
r
ou
s
a
nd
d
if
ficu
lt
to
acce
ss.
F
or
a be
tt
er
integrati
on
in
the
e
nv
i
ronm
ent,
it
is
necessa
ry
to
re
duce
the
s
iz
e
of
these
syst
e
m
s
and
t
o
e
ns
ure
t
heir
e
ne
rg
y
a
uton
om
y.
Co
nv
e
ntio
nal
batte
ry
or
batte
ry
po
w
erin
g
te
chn
i
ques
rem
a
in
restr
ic
ti
ve
or
eve
n
diff
ic
ult
to
m
atch
for
certai
n
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
I
nd
ee
d,
they
are
lim
ited
in
auto
no
m
y,
req
uire
pe
rio
dic
rep
la
ce
m
ents
and
the
ir
recyc
li
ng
is
exp
e
ns
ive
.
Re
centl
y,
as
a
so
l
ution,
var
i
ou
s
wirele
ss
powe
r
te
ch
no
l
og
ie
s
a
re
pro
posed
i
n
[
1
-
4
]
w
hich
hav
e
gen
e
rated
sig
nificant
researc
h
i
ntere
st i
n
t
his a
rea.
The
c
oncept is
to elim
inate
in t
he
f
uture th
e c
on
st
raints
of ba
tt
ery rep
la
ce
m
ent.
The
ai
m
of
this
pap
e
r
is
to
propose
a
n
al
te
r
native
s
olu
ti
on
that
is
eff
ic
ie
nt
,
le
ss
restrict
ive
an
d
m
or
e
resp
ect
fu
l
of
the
en
vironm
ent.
Fr
om
this
p
oin
t
of
view,
wi
reless
powe
r
transm
issi
on
(
W
PT
)
[
5
]
is
a
very
interest
ing
so
l
ution.
A
s
sho
wn
i
n
Fig
ure
1(
a
),
it
co
ns
ist
s
of
t
ran
sm
it
tin
g
e
ne
rg
y
fro
m
on
e
po
i
nt
to
an
othe
r
thr
ough
the
f
re
e
sp
ace,
a
nd
once
capt
ur
e
d
a
nd
c
onve
rted
i
nto
DC,
will
be
us
ed
t
o
fee
d
the
wireless
de
v
ic
e(s
).
In
t
his
stud
y,
we
f
oc
us
ed
on
m
ic
ro
wav
e
energy
tran
sfe
r
at
2.45
G
Hz
wh
ic
h
is
the
Industri
al
Scie
ntific
Me
dical
(ISM
)
fr
e
quency
ba
nd.
Firstl
y,
the
DC
el
ect
rical
energy
is
c
onve
rted
i
nto
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
e
ne
rg
y
us
in
g
an
RF
s
ource.
The
n,
this
e
nergy
is
rad
ia
t
ed
i
n
the
f
ree
s
pac
e
by
a
transm
itti
ng
ante
nn
a
.
F
inall
y,
the
rad
i
at
ed
energy
is
capt
ured
by
a
Re
ct
enn
a
(Rect
ify
in
g
A
nten
na
)
[
6
-
7
]
ci
rcu
it
,
c
onver
te
d
into
DC
powe
r
an
d
delivere
d
to a
resist
ive lo
ad.
A
c
onve
ntiona
l
recten
na
ci
rc
uit
(F
i
gure
1(b
))
is
com
po
se
d
from
a
receivi
ng
ante
nna
[
8
-
11
]
fo
ll
owe
d
by
a
non
-
li
ne
ar
char
act
e
risti
c
RF
-
DC
conver
si
on
ci
rc
uit.
This
ci
rcu
it
con
ta
in
s
m
os
t
of
te
n
one
or
m
or
e
Schott
ky
diode
s
[
12
]
,
an
HF
i
nput
filt
er,
a
D
C
outp
ut
filt
er
and
a
resist
ive
load.
T
he
c
halle
ng
e
is
t
o
op
ti
m
iz
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A n
ew
desi
gn of
h
ig
h ou
t
pu
t
v
oltag
e
recti
fi
er for r
ect
e
nna s
yst
em at 2
.45 GHz
…
(
A. Tay
bi
)
227
t
he
entire
rect
enn
a
,
with
t
he
obj
ect
ive
of
m
axi
m
izing
the
DC
outp
ut
in
te
r
m
s
of
RF
-
DC
c
onve
rsion
eff
ic
ie
ncy.
T
he
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
m
us
t
be
done
on
the
whol
e
ci
rcu
it
,
he
nc
e
the
need
t
o
us
e
global
a
naly
sis
m
et
ho
ds
com
bin
ing
el
ect
r
oma
gn
et
ic
sim
ula
ti
on
an
d
ci
rcu
i
t.
Nu
m
erical
m
od
el
ing
will
be
a
fund
am
ental
too
l
thr
oughout
this
wo
r
k,
the
ai
m
bein
g
to
ta
ke
into
acco
unt
al
l
the
po
ssi
ble
couplin
gs
bet
we
en
the
dif
fer
e
nt
par
ts
of the circ
uit.
(a)
(b)
Figure
1. (a
) W
i
reless
powe
r
tra
ns
m
issi
on
syst
e
m
, (
b) Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
r
ect
enn
a
ci
rcu
it
[13]
The
ai
m
fr
om
this
wor
k
is
to
desig
n,
op
ti
m
iz
e,
reali
ze
and
ex
per
im
ental
ly
char
act
erize
innov
at
iv
e
,
com
pact
and
high
volt
age
r
ect
ifie
r
ci
rcu
it
.
A
series
topo
log
y
is
us
ed
a
nd
a
ste
ppe
d
-
i
m
ped
ance
Lo
w
Pass
Fil
te
r
LPF
is
p
l
aced at t
he ou
t
pu
t
of the
circ
ui
t t
o
obta
in a
stable DC
outp
ut
volt
age.
2.
RECTIFIE
R DESIG
N A
N
D
SI
M
ULATI
ON
The
sim
ulati
o
n
an
d
optim
izati
on
of
the
ci
rcu
it
wer
e
ca
r
ried
out
unde
r
Advan
ce
d
De
sign
Syst
em
ADS
[14]
s
olv
er
with
a
c
ouplin
g
bet
wee
n
har
m
on
ic
ba
la
nce
a
nd
Lar
ge
-
si
gn
al
S
-
pa
ram
et
ers.
Pr
io
r
to
t
he
op
ti
m
iz
ation
ste
p,
pa
ram
et
ric
stud
ie
s
we
re
c
onduct
ed
to d
e
te
rm
ine
the
sen
sit
ivit
y
of
the
conve
rsion
ef
fici
ency
to
so
m
e
i
m
po
rtant
par
am
et
ers
and
m
or
e
pa
r
ti
c
ularly
,
the
load
(R
L
),
t
he
di
od
e
par
am
et
ers,
the
capaci
ty
of
th
e
DC
filt
er,
the
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne
sect
ions.
The
resu
lt
s
t
hat
em
erg
e
f
ro
m
this
stu
dy
al
lo
wed
us
to
m
ake
certai
n
cho
ic
es
and t
o sim
plify t
he
op
tim
iz
at
ion
pro
c
ess.
2.1. M
ono
-
Di
od
e
Seri
es
Re
ctifie
r
The
devel
oped
ci
rcu
it
is
in
s
eries
to
po
l
og
y
(F
ig
ur
e
2(a)
),
i
t
con
ta
in
s
a
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diode
HS
MS
28
20
wh
ic
h
ha
s
a
lo
w
ju
nction
ca
pa
ci
ty
Cj0
(0.18
pF
)
,
a
lo
w
RS
series
resist
an
ce
(5
Ω
),
a
junc
ti
on
resist
a
nc
e
RJ,
a
pack
a
ge
in
du
ct
a
nce
LP,
and
a
pac
ka
ge
capaci
t
ance
CP.
Its
fo
r
w
ard
-
bias
tu
rn
-
on
vo
lt
age
V
BI
and
br
ea
kdow
n
vol
ta
ge
VB
.
T
he
equ
i
valent
el
ec
tric
al
m
od
el
of
the
diode
is
gi
ven
i
n
Fi
gure
2(b).
T
he
ci
rc
uit
is
powe
red
by
a
char
act
e
risti
c
im
ped
ance
50
Ω
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne,
it
has
bee
n
et
ched
on
t
he
R4
s
ubstrat
e
(ε
r
=
4.4
,
h
=
1.6 mm
, ta
nδ
=
0.02
5).
(a)
(b)
Figure
2. (a
)
T
he pr
opos
e
d re
ct
ifie
r
to
po
l
ogy (b) E
quivale
nt circ
uit m
od
el
o
f
the
Schott
ky
d
io
de
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
2
6
–
2
3
4
228
The
ef
fici
ency
[15]
descr
i
bes
the
abili
ty
of
t
he
recti
fier
to
pro
vid
e
co
ntin
uous
el
ect
rical
powe
r
to
the
load
f
ro
m
the
RF
ene
r
gy
pr
ovide
d
by
the
re
cei
vin
g
syst
em
or
oth
e
r
m
ic
ro
wav
e
power
s
ource
.
T
his
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
represe
nts
the
m
ai
n
obj
ect
ive
durin
g
a
proc
ess
of
the
c
on
ver
si
on
ci
rcu
it
op
ti
m
iz
ation
.
The
var
ia
ti
on
of
t
he
Schott
ky
diod
e
i
m
ped
ance
ge
ner
at
es
a
m
is
m
at
ch
that
dir
ect
ly
aff
ect
s
the
co
nversi
on
eff
ic
ie
ncy.
Fi
gure
3
sh
ows
the
sim
ulate
d
res
ults
of
the
pro
pose
d
recti
fier,
the
ci
rcu
it
has
a g
oo
d
m
at
ching
input
i
m
ped
ance
a
rou
nd
2.45
G
Hz
i
n
t
he
IS
M
band.
The
se
ns
it
ivit
y
of
the
recti
fie
r
is
directl
y
rel
at
ed
t
o
the
se
nsi
ti
vity
of
the
diodes
us
e
d
an
d
it
s
no
n
-
li
nea
r
cha
rac
te
risti
c.
The
f
ol
lowing
sect
io
ns
will
desc
rib
e
the
m
e
tho
dol
og
y
a
nd
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
ste
ps
fo
ll
owe
d t
o
opti
m
ise
the prop
os
ed
r
ect
i
fier ass
ociat
ed
to the DC
filt
er.
(a)
(b)
Figure
3. Sim
ulate
d
res
ults (a
)
S
11 vers
us
frequ
e
ncy
, (
b)
C
onve
rsion
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
ve
rsus in
pu
t
powe
r
2.2.
S
teppe
d
-
Imped
an
ce
L
ow
-
Pass Fi
lter
Passive
m
ic
ro
wav
e
filt
ers
are
ver
y
im
p
or
ta
nt
par
t
of
m
od
ern
te
le
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
syst
em
s
(Rect
enn
a
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s).
T
he
te
chnolo
gy
of
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
filt
ers
m
ade
the
e
vid
e
nce,
from
the
point
of
vi
ew
of
desig
n
an
d
m
i
niaturizat
io
n,
a
s
well
as
fr
om
the
po
int
of
vi
ew
of
the
use
of
sp
eci
fic
m
at
erial
s,
in
ord
er
to
achieve
bette
r
responses
of
sel
ect
ivit
y,
qu
al
it
y
fa
ct
or
and
t
un
a
bili
ty
in
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
Im
pr
ov
e
d
el
ect
rical
perform
ances,
increase
d
sel
ect
ivit
y,
a
co
m
pact
siz
e
and
reduce
d
pro
du
ct
ion
costs
are
the
m
ai
n
const
raints
facin
g
the
desi
gn
of
RF
an
d
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
filt
ers.
In
t
his
co
ntext,
th
e
de
ve
lop
m
ent
of
highly
sel
ect
ive
filt
ers,
with
low
le
vel
s
of
losses
a
nd
com
pact
size,
is
at
pr
esen
t
a
fiel
d
of
act
ivit
y
of
fund
a
m
ental
interest
.
Su
c
h
filt
ers
are
m
ade
by
var
io
us
te
chnolo
gies,
m
i
cro
st
rip
li
nes,
s
lot
li
nes
and
co
plana
r
wa
vegu
ides.
Mi
cro
st
rip
[16]
is o
ne of
t
he d
om
inant
te
chnolo
gies,
w
hich ca
n pro
vid
e im
plem
entat
ion
in
lo
w p
rofil
e topolo
gies.
An
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
w
ay
to
i
m
ple
m
e
nt
low
pass
filt
ers
in
m
ic
ro
strip
te
ch
no
l
og
y
is
to
us
e
al
te
r
nat
ing
sect
io
ns
of
ve
ry
hi
gh
and
ve
ry
lo
w
char
a
ct
erist
ic
i
m
ped
ance
li
nes.
Su
c
h
filt
ers
are
usua
ll
y
ref
er
re
d
as
ste
pp
e
d
i
m
ped
ance
filt
ers.
T
his
ki
nd
of
filt
ers
are
popula
r
beca
us
e
they
are
easi
e
r
to
desig
n
an
d
ta
ke
up
le
ss
sp
ace
than
a
sim
il
ar
low
-
pass
filt
er
us
in
g
st
ub
s
.
The
ste
pp
e
d
i
m
ped
ance
filt
er
is
one
of
t
he
conve
ntio
nal
filt
ers,
m
ai
nly
du
e
t
o
the
ease
of
im
plem
entat
ion
in
ei
the
r
m
ic
ro
s
trip
or
co
plana
r
te
ch
nolo
gy.
This
filt
er
is
norm
al
ly
com
po
sed
of
a
lt
ern
at
ing
l
ow
and
high
im
ped
ance
re
gions
(the
hi
gh
im
ped
ance
li
ne
s
act
as
series
indu
ct
or
s
and
the
lo
w
i
m
ped
ance
li
ne
s
act
as
shu
nt
capaci
tors),
w
her
e
t
he
c
hang
e
in
im
ped
anc
e
is
co
ntro
ll
e
d
by
the
width
of
the
st
rip.
For
achie
vi
ng
a
high
de
gr
ee
of
at
te
nuat
ion
i
n
the
st
op
band
it
is
nece
ssary
to
ob
ta
in
a
high
to
low
im
ped
ance
rati
o
(Z
H
/Z
L
)
or
to
inc
re
ase
the
order
of
the
filt
er.
Als
o,
one
of
the
m
ai
n
req
uirem
ents
for
the
ste
ppe
d
im
ped
a
nce
filt
er
is
that
each
sec
ti
on
m
us
t
be
le
ss
tha
n
half
of
the
qua
rter
wa
velen
gth
at
t
he
cut
-
off
f
reque
ncy
(
l
λ/8).
T
he
ove
rall
siz
e
of
t
he
filt
er
will
be
la
rg
e
at
lo
w
fr
e
quencies
e
sp
eci
al
ly
if
the
nu
m
ber
of
the ele
m
ents i
s incr
ease
d
t
o
a
chieve
sp
eci
al
requirem
ents as in
s
ha
rp ed
ge
f
il
te
rs.
(a)
(b)
Figure
4. (a
) G
ener
al
st
ru
ct
ure o
f
the
step
pe
d
-
im
ped
ance
low pas
s m
ic
ro
strip
filt
ers.
(b
)
L
-
C l
a
dd
e
r
ty
pe
of
low pass
f
il
te
rs
to be a
ppr
ox
i
m
at
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A n
ew
desi
gn of
h
ig
h ou
t
pu
t
v
oltag
e
recti
fi
er for r
ect
e
nna s
yst
em at 2
.45 GHz
…
(
A. Tay
bi
)
229
Figure
4(
a
)
s
hows
a
gen
e
ral
structu
re
of
th
e
ste
pped
-
im
p
edan
ce
lo
w
pa
ss
m
ic
ro
strip
f
il
te
rs,
w
hic
h
us
e
a
casca
ded
struct
ur
e
of
al
te
rn
at
in
g
high
and
lo
w
im
pedance
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
nes.
Thes
e
are
m
uch
shorte
r
than
t
he
ass
oci
at
ed
guide
d
w
avelen
gth
,
s
o
a
s
to
act
as
sem
i
lum
ped
el
e
m
ents.
T
he
high
-
im
ped
ance
li
ne
s
act
as
series
i
nduc
tors
a
nd
t
he
l
ow
-
im
ped
ance
li
nes
act
as
s
hunt
ca
pacit
ors.
T
her
e
fore,
this
filt
er
struc
ture
i
s
directl
y
reali
zi
ng
t
he
L
-
C
la
dd
e
r
ty
pe
of
l
ow
pass
filt
ers
of
Fig
ur
e
4(b
).
S
om
e
a
pr
io
ri
desi
gn
i
nform
at
ion
m
us
t
be
pr
ovided
a
bout
the
m
ic
ro
strip
li
nes,
beca
us
e
ex
pr
essi
ons
f
or
inducta
nce
a
nd
capaci
ta
nce
de
pe
nd
upon
both
ch
aracte
risti
c
i
m
ped
a
nce
an
d
le
ng
t
h.
It
w
ou
l
d
be
pract
ic
al
to
init
ia
l
ly
fi
x
the
char
act
e
risti
c
i
m
ped
ances
of
high
-
an
d
l
ow
-
i
m
ped
ance
li
ne
s b
y c
onside
rati
on
of:
a)
Z
L
<
Z
0
<
Z
H
,
wh
e
re
Z
L
a
nd
Z
H
de
no
te
the
char
act
e
risti
c
im
ped
ances
of
the
l
ow
an
d
high
im
ped
anc
e
li
nes,
r
e
sp
ect
iv
el
y, and Z
0
is t
he
s
ource im
ped
ance
, whic
h
i
s u
s
ually
50 ohm
s f
or
m
ic
ro
strip
filt
ers.
b)
A
lo
wer
Z
L
re
su
lt
s
in
a
bette
r
ap
pro
xim
ation
of
a
l
um
ped
-
el
em
ent
capaci
tor,
bu
t
t
he
re
su
lt
ing
li
ne
width
W
C
m
us
t n
ot all
ow an
y
trans
ver
se
r
es
onance
to occ
ur
at
o
pe
rati
on
fr
e
qu
e
ncies.
c)
A
highe
r
Z
H
l
eads
t
o
a
bette
r
a
pproxim
at
io
n
of
a
lum
ped
-
el
e
m
ent
inductor
,
but
Z
H
m
ust
no
t
be
s
o
high
that
it
s
fab
ricat
io
n
bec
om
es
ino
rd
i
na
te
ly
diff
ic
ult
as
a
nar
r
ow
li
ne
,
or
it
s
cu
rr
e
nt
-
car
ryi
ng
capab
il
it
y bec
om
es a lim
i
ta
ti
o
n.
In
this
sect
io
n,
a
ste
pp
ed
-
im
ped
ance
L
ow
-
P
ass
Fil
te
r
is
design
e
d
an
d
sim
ula
te
d.
It’s
a
bout
a
LPF
hav
i
ng
a
m
axi
m
al
l
y
flat
res
ponse
a
nd
a
c
ut
-
off
f
reque
ncy
of
1.5
G
Hz.
It
is
desire
d
to
ha
ve
m
or
e
t
han
20
dB
insertio
n
lo
ss
a
t
2.5
GH
z
.
T
he
filt
er
im
ped
an
ce
is
50
Ω
t
he
highest
pr
act
ic
al
li
ne
i
m
ped
a
nce
is
120Ω
,
a
nd
the
lowest
is
20Ω.
Con
si
der
t
he
ef
fect
of
losse
s
wh
e
n
t
h
is
filt
er
is
i
m
ple
m
ente
d
wit
h
an
FR4
su
bst
rate
an
d
c
oppe
r
cond
ucto
rs.
T
o
desig
n
th
e
desire
d
filt
er,
we
m
us
t
first
de
fine
the
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
orde
r
by
us
in
g
the
fo
ll
owin
g Fi
gu
re
5.
Figure
5. Atte
nuat
ion ve
rs
us
norm
al
iz
ed
fr
e
quency
f
or
m
axim
al
l
y flat
f
il
te
r
prot
otypes
[17
]
The
n,
the
el
em
ent
values
for
the
la
dd
e
r
-
ty
pe
ci
rcu
it
s
of
Fig
ur
e
4(b)
ca
n
be
ta
bu
la
te
d.
Ta
ble
1
gi
ve
s
su
c
h
el
em
ent
values
f
or
m
axim
a
ll
y
flat
low
-
pass
filt
er
prot
otypes
for
N
=
1
t
o
10
.
These
data
ca
n
be
us
ed
with eit
he
r of t
he
la
dde
r
ci
rc
ui
ts of
Fig
ur
e
4(
b) in t
he
f
ollo
wing
way.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
2
6
–
2
3
4
230
The
el
em
ent
v
al
ues
are
num
ber
e
d
f
ro
m
g
0
at
the
gen
erat
or
i
m
ped
ance
to
g
N+1
at
the
load
i
m
ped
an
c
e
for
a
filt
er
havi
ng
N
reacti
ve
el
e
m
ents.
To
r
eplace
the
seri
es
in
du
ct
or
s
an
d
s
hunt
ca
pacit
or
s
with
sect
io
ns
of
low
-
im
ped
anc
e
and
high
-
im
ped
a
nce
li
nes
,
the
re
qu
i
re
d
el
ect
rical
li
ne
le
ng
th
s,
βi
,
al
ong
with
the
ph
ysi
cal
m
ic
ro
strip li
ne
widths,
Wi,
a
nd len
gths, Li,
a
re
giv
e
n by :
0
H
LR
l
Z
(In
du
ct
or)
(1)
0
L
CZ
l
R
(Capacit
or)
(
2)
T
he final
desig
n of t
he
ste
pp
e
d
-
im
ped
ance
low
-
pa
ss
filt
er is sho
wn
in t
he follo
wing
F
ig
ure
6.
Figure
6. The
pro
po
se
d fil
te
r l
ay
ou
t
Figure
7
s
hows
a go
od r
es
ponse
of the
f
il
te
r
i
n rej
ect
in
g
t
he undesire
d fr
e
quency
ba
nds (h
igh
e
r order
har
m
on
ic
s
generate
d by the
s
cho
tt
ky
diode
).
Figure
7. Sim
ulate
d
filt
er r
e
spon
s
e
ver
s
us
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
2.3.
Fin
al
Re
ctifier
D
e
sign
Figure
8
s
how
s
the
desig
ne
d
recti
fier
wh
e
re
the
init
ia
l
rect
ifie
r
str
uctu
re
and
the
ste
ppe
d
-
im
ped
ance
low pass f
il
te
r have bee
n
ass
oc
ia
te
d.
A
m
at
c
hing circ
uit i
s essen
ti
al
in
pro
vid
in
g
the m
axi
m
u
m
p
ow
e
r
tr
ansf
e
r
from
the
antenn
a
to
the
recti
fier
ci
rcu
it
.
As
it
is
sh
own
i
n
Figure
8,
to
m
at
c
h
the
in
pu
t
im
ped
ance
of
t
he
di
ode
with
the
ante
nna
im
ped
ance
of
50
Ω
(or
any
oth
er
s
ource
of
RF
powe
r)
,
a
com
bin
at
ion
of
a
transm
issi
on
li
ne
and
a
m
ic
ro
str
ip
rad
ia
l
stu
b
is
desig
ne
d.
T
he
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
of
the
im
ped
a
nce
m
at
chi
ng
consi
sts
of
a
dju
sti
ng
the
le
ngth
a
nd
the
an
gle
of
t
he
m
ic
ro
strip
rad
ia
l
stu
b
a
nd
the
le
ng
t
h
of
the
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne
by
us
ing
an
op
ti
m
iz
ation
m
et
ho
d
unde
r
ADS
s
of
twa
re.
In
ad
diti
on,
t
he
sam
e
Scho
t
tky
diode
m
entioned
in
t
he
init
ia
l
recti
fier
de
sig
n
sect
i
on
hav
e
be
en
em
plo
ye
d
in
the
DC
port
ion
of
t
he
recti
fier,
i
n
series
with
R
L
[
18
]
in
or
der
to im
pr
ov
e
the
detect
ion sen
sit
ivit
y, so
that t
he dio
de
act
s a
s a
var
ia
ble
res
ist
or
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A n
ew
desi
gn of
h
ig
h ou
t
pu
t
v
oltag
e
recti
fi
er for r
ect
e
nna s
yst
em at 2
.45 GHz
…
(
A. Tay
bi
)
231
/
j
s
b
R
n
K
T
q
I
I
(
3)
Wh
e
re
is t
he d
iod
e i
deali
ty
f
act
or
,
K is t
he
B
oltzm
ann
’s
c
onsta
nt, q is the
e
le
ct
ro
nic c
ha
rge, I
s
is
the
diod
e
sat
ur
at
io
n
c
urr
ent,
I
b
is t
he
ext
ern
al
bias c
urr
ent, a
nd T is t
he
te
m
per
at
ure
of the
diode i
n degrees
Kelvi
n.
Figure
8. Final
recti
fier
desi
gn
T
he
c
om
bin
at
i
on
of
pas
sive
el
e
m
ents
(an
t
enn
a
s,
li
ne
se
ct
ion
s,
i
nducto
rs,
ca
pacit
or
s
)
and
act
i
ve
el
e
m
ents
(d
io
de
s)
poses
the
pro
blem
of
the
ov
e
rall
nu
m
erical
si
m
ulati
on
of
the
de
vice.
Re
gardin
g
the
us
e
of
high
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
ci
rcu
it
s,
it
is
i
m
po
rtant
t
o
sel
ect
a
su
it
ab
le
si
m
ulati
on
env
i
ronm
ent,
wh
ic
h
is
able
to
offe
r
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pes
of
sim
ulatio
ns
sp
eci
fic
to
RF
ci
rcu
it
s.
Adva
nced
Desig
n
S
yst
e
m
s
fr
om
Ag
il
ent
Tech
no
l
og
ie
s
offer
s
a
bro
ad
sp
ect
ru
m
of
too
ls
de
dicat
ed
to
the
desi
gn
of
RF
ci
r
cuits.
Ti
m
e
(Tr
an
sie
nt),
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(H
a
rm
on
ic
Ba
l
ance,
SPa
ram
e
te
r,
LSSP
)
an
d
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
(Mom
entu
m
,
EMDS)
sim
ulati
on
s
are
incl
ud
e
d
in
the
s
of
twa
re
.
In
addit
ion,
a large
li
brary
of
com
po
ne
nt
m
od
el
s
s
uc
h
as
S
cho
tt
ky d
io
des
is
avail
able.
F
or
the
desig
ne
d
recti
f
ie
r,
sim
ulati
on
s
ha
ve
bee
n
pe
rfor
m
ed
by
usi
ng
Ha
rm
on
ic
Ba
l
ance
as
a
ti
m
e
-
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
analy
sis
of
the
no
n
-
li
ne
ar
beh
a
viou
r
of
the
ci
rcu
it
.
More
ov
e
r,
the
m
at
ching
in
put
im
ped
ance
is
validat
e
d
by
us
i
ng
Larg
e
Sig
nal S
-
Param
et
ers
(L
SSP).
The
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
(η) of t
he
m
ic
ro
wa
ve rect
ifie
r
is d
e
fine
d by:
η
= P
dc
/ P
r
=
V
dc
2
/P
r
R
L
(4)
Wh
e
re
P
DC
is
the
dc
powe
r
pro
duced
at
the
load
re
sist
ance
(R
L
)
of
the
re
ct
ifie
r
and
P
r
is
the
powe
r
receive
d
at
the
anten
na
of
rec
te
nn
a
or
any
ot
her
s
ource
of
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
en
erg
y.
P
r
is
cal
culat
ed
f
r
om
th
e
Fr
ii
s
transm
issi
on
equ
at
io
n
wich
giv
es
t
he
am
ou
nt
of
power
an
ante
nn
a
rec
ei
ved
under
i
de
al
conditi
on
s
fr
om
ano
t
her ante
nna. T
he
P
ower
f
ro
m
isotropic a
nten
na fal
ls o
ff as R
2
, so t
hat the
powe
r dens
i
ty
(
p) wo
uld
be
:
p
=
p
t
/
4
π
R
2
(5)
Mult
iply
ing
by the
gain o
f
the
tran
sm
it
ti
ng
an
te
nn
a
giv
es
a
real ante
nn
a
p
a
tt
ern
p
=
(
p
t
/ 4
π
R
2
)
G
t
(6)
If
receivi
ng an
t
enn
a
h
a
s a
n
ef
f
ect
ive ap
e
rtu
re
of A
e
ff
the
po
wer recei
ve
d b
y t
his an
te
nn
a
(P
r
)
is
P
r
=
p.
A
e
ff
(7)
Th
us
P
r
=
(p
t
/
4
πR
2
)
G
t
A
e
ff
(8)
The
e
ff
ect
ive
a
per
t
ur
e
of a
n
a
nten
na
ca
n be
wr
it
te
n
as:
A
eff
=
(
λ
2
/4π)
. G
(9)
So
,
w
e
conclu
de
that the
frii
s tran
sm
issi
on
e
quat
ion co
ul
d b
e
ex
pr
es
sed
as
fo
ll
ow:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
2
6
–
2
3
4
232
P
r
= P
t
.
G
t
. G
r
. (
λ
/4
π
R)
2
(10)
Figure
9
s
how
s
the
si
m
ulati
on
res
ults
after
op
ti
m
iz
ation
of
the
ci
rcu
it
,
it
’
s
cl
ear
from
th
e
gr
a
phs
that
the p
e
rfo
rm
ances of th
e
r
ect
ifi
er
hav
e
b
ee
n re
m
ark
ably
im
pr
ov
e
d.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
9. Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults
(
a) r
e
flect
ion co
eff
ic
ie
nt
versus
fr
e
quency
(
b)
Conver
sio
n
ef
f
ic
ie
ncy v
ers
us
input
powe
r
(c
) O
utput v
oltage
ve
rs
us
i
nput
power
3.
ACHIEVE
M
ENT A
N
D M
EASURE
MENTS
The
series
-
m
ou
nte
d
recti
fier
was
buil
t
with
the
intenti
on
to
m
easur
e
it
s
per
f
orm
ance
fo
r
diff
e
re
nt
input
powe
r
points:
-
20
dB
m
to
20
dBm
.
It
was
pr
inte
d
on
a
n
FR
4
sub
strat
e
with
diel
ect
ric
con
sta
nt
of
4.4
and
ha
vi
ng
a
thickne
ss
of
1.6m
m
.
The
str
uctu
re
of
the
recti
fier
is
s
ho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
10
;
it
c
onsist
s
of
a
Schott
ky
diode
in
series
with
a
filt
er
at
the
ou
tp
ut
of
the
ci
r
cuit
to
re
m
ov
e
the
unwa
nted
RF
com
po
nen
t
at
the
load
le
vel,
t
his
la
te
r
was
ch
ose
n
to
be
2
kOh
m
.
Fo
r
the
desi
gn
a
nd
reali
zat
ion
of
the
recti
fier,
we
rem
ind
that
we
ha
ve
us
e
d
a
Scho
tt
ky
diode
ty
pe
HS
MS
-
28
20.
The
m
e
asur
em
ent
set
up
show
n
in
Fi
gure
10(a
)
was
us
e
d
for
the
e
xp
e
rim
ental
char
act
erizat
ion
of
th
e
conversi
on
ci
rcu
it
.
It
co
nt
ai
ns
an
RF
ge
ner
at
or
AN
R
ITSU
68347C
10
M
HZ
-
20
GH
Z
to
supp
ly
the
ci
r
cuits
with
t
he
RF
sig
nal
at
th
e
desire
d
fr
e
qu
ency
an
d
a
m
ultim
e
te
r
to
m
easur
e
the
ou
tp
ut
volt
age
le
vel
of
the
ci
rcu
it
.
Fig
ur
e
11
shows
the
m
easur
e
d
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
le
vel
ver
s
us
si
m
ulate
d
on
e
,
an
interest
in
g
val
ue
is
ob
serv
e
d
with
just
one
recti
fi
cat
ion
di
od
e
,
this
resu
lt
s
s
how
t
he
po
s
sibil
it
y
of
us
in
g
our
rect
ifie
r
in
real
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
on
2.4
5
GH
z
of
the
IS
M
band.
Table
2
s
how
n
a
s
perform
ance
com
par
ison
wit
h othe
r
rece
nt
r
esearche
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
A n
ew
desi
gn of
h
ig
h ou
t
pu
t
v
oltag
e
recti
fi
er for r
ect
e
nna s
yst
em at 2
.45 GHz
…
(
A. Tay
bi
)
233
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
10.
(a)
Me
asur
em
ent
set
up
(
b)
Me
as
ured
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
(c)
Fabri
ca
te
d
recti
fier
Figure
11. Si
m
ulate
d
a
nd m
ea
su
re
d o
utput v
oltage
ver
s
us i
nput
powe
r of
t
he rect
ifie
r
Table
2.
Per
for
m
ance
Com
pari
so
n
with
O
t
he
r
Re
cent Re
se
a
rch
es
So
u
rce
Op
erating
f
requ
en
cy
Techn
o
lo
g
y
Ou
tp
u
t Voltag
e
[
3
]
2
.45
GHz
Vo
ltag
e Dou
b
ler
1
0
.75
V (
2
0
dB
m
)
[
1
9
]
2
.45
GHz
Vo
ltag
e Dou
b
ler
2
.3V (M
ax
)
This
pap
er
2
.45
GHz
Sin
g
le Diod
e
1
1
.23
V (
2
0
dB
m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry 20
19
:
2
2
6
–
2
3
4
234
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
hi
gh
volt
ag
e
recti
fier
has
been
presente
d
to
co
ver
the
needs
f
or
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
s
in
vo
l
vi
ng
wireless
powe
r
tra
ns
m
i
ssion.
W
e
ha
ve
us
e
d
an
HSM
S2
82
0
Sc
hott
ky
diode
as
a
recti
ficat
ion
de
vice
m
ou
nted
i
n
serie
s
topolo
gy.
A
st
epp
e
d
-
im
ped
ance
lo
w
-
pas
s
f
il
te
r
hav
e
bee
n
us
e
d
at
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
the
ci
rcu
it
to
e
nha
nce
th
e
perform
ance
of
the
recti
fier
by
pr
ovidin
g
a
su
ccess
fu
l
sup
pressi
on
of
unde
sired
RF
com
pone
nts.
Sim
ul
at
ions
hav
e
bee
n
car
r
ie
d
out
by
us
i
ng
A
dvance
d
D
esi
gn
Syst
em
a
nd
t
he
res
ults
hav
e
bee
n
co
nf
irm
ed
by
fab
ri
cat
ion
and
m
easur
em
ents.
W
e
ha
ve
us
e
d
an
FR
4
s
ub
st
rate
with
di
el
ect
ric
per
m
itti
vity
con
sta
nt
4.4,
thic
kn
es
s
of
1.
6
m
m
and
loss
ta
ng
e
nt
of
0.0
25.
W
e
ha
ve
reac
hed
a
n
im
po
rtant
value
of
o
ut
pu
t vo
lt
age o
f
11.23
V
with j
ust
one
recti
ficat
ion
di
od
e
,
s
o
t
hat the
circuit i
s
judg
ed
to
b
e
co
m
pa
ct
, lo
w
cost
and e
ff
ic
ie
nt.
REFERE
NCE
S
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M.
Sudou,
H.
T
aka
o,
K
.
Sawad
a,
and
M
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Ishid
a.
A
nove
l
RF
i
nduce
d
power
s
uppl
y
s
y
stem
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r
m
onoli
thi
c
al
l
y
int
egr
at
ed
ubiquitous m
ic
ro
senso
r
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[2]
C.
Yu,
F.
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n,
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ic
rowave
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te
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a
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ape
rtur
e
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coup
le
d
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enna
ar
ra
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este
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igh
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ac
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l
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ti
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ge
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ti
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r
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r
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ar
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tric
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H.
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armoni
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E
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ar.
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har
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c
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rcu
la
rl
y
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la
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ze
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tc
h
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te
n
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a
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bie
nt
ene
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y
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esti
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ong
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r
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iz
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e
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icient d
e
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recti
f
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rowave
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ore
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