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201
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s
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1
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]
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P
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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J
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Vo
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1
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No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
3
9
9
–
405
400
(
J
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FDR
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tech
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t
w
o
j
o
in
ts
w
it
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
T
DR
tech
n
iq
u
e
.
As
th
e
T
DR
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
an
y
d
e
f
ec
t
alo
n
g
a
ca
b
le
w
h
ic
h
cr
ea
te
s
a
n
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
i
s
m
a
tc
h
w
il
l
b
e
ab
le
to
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
a
n
d
ca
b
le
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
q
u
ic
k
l
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
el
ec
tr
icit
y
d
i
s
r
u
p
tio
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
p
r
in
cip
le
is
i
n
v
est
i
g
ated
b
y
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
o
f
ca
b
le
in
s
u
latio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
w
it
h
t
w
o
j
o
in
t
s
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
T
DR
ap
p
lica
tio
n
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
r
ac
ticalit
y
o
f
th
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
s
ec
tio
n
aliz
in
g
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
w
o
s
ta
g
es
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
to
i
n
v
est
i
g
ate
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
T
DR
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
i
n
lo
ca
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ef
ec
t
ca
b
le
s
ec
ti
o
n
alo
n
g
a
ca
b
le
w
i
th
t
w
o
j
o
in
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
1
0
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m
lo
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b
les
w
i
th
t
w
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un
-
d
eg
r
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ed
/g
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o
d
j
o
in
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
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er
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ts
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to
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s
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cted
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ith
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th
e
ca
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le
as
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
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x
p
er
im
e
n
t
1
w
h
ic
h
h
as
a
ca
b
le
w
i
th
all
t
h
r
ee
ca
b
le
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
is
u
s
ed
as
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
to
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
T
DR
r
es
u
lts
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r
o
m
o
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er
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le
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n
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atio
n
s
w
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as
d
eg
r
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le.
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e
1
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p
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n
t
co
m
p
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s
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o
f
t
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p
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m
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n
t
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ch
h
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a
ca
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w
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th
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d
e
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le
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tio
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w
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ile
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tag
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x
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m
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co
n
s
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s
ts
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n
o
th
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t
h
r
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p
er
i
m
en
ts
w
it
h
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c
h
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x
p
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m
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n
t
h
a
v
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t
w
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d
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le
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tio
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s
.
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es
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lt
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f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
1
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d
s
tag
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ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
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alo
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g
a
ca
b
le
w
it
h
t
w
o
j
o
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ts
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d
o
n
e
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eg
r
ad
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ec
tio
n
.
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h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
th
e
n
ap
p
lied
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s
tag
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2
r
esu
lts
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h
i
ch
h
as
t
w
o
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
s
e
ctio
n
s
to
p
r
ed
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th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
ca
b
les
f
o
r
ev
er
y
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
T
h
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ac
t
u
al
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b
le
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n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
to
in
v
es
tig
ate
th
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co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics.
A
ll
e
x
p
er
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m
e
n
ts
ar
e
co
n
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u
cte
d
u
s
i
n
g
Me
g
g
er
T
elef
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ip
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e
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t
o
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b
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m
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les
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th
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h
e
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i
m
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f
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4
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m
m
2
1
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V
u
n
ar
m
o
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r
ed
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les
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alu
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m
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r
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w
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n
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itio
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s
o
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l
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u
latio
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th
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s
tu
d
y
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h
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(
GC
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as
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s
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la
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it
h
o
u
t
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ef
ec
t
w
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ile
t
h
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d
eg
r
ad
ed
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ca
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(
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is
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ef
ec
ted
w
it
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s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
s
in
th
e
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L
P
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in
s
u
latio
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
ca
b
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
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s
w
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h
t
w
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j
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r
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Jo
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100m
100m
Cab
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Cab
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2
Cab
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3
100m
Jo
int
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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401
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S,
ANA
L
YS
I
S AN
D
DIS
CU
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Fig
u
r
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2
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
T
DR
e
x
p
er
i
m
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tal
s
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n
all
e
x
p
er
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n
t
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
T
DR
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
al
s
et
-
up
(
b
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x
a
m
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o
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ai
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t th
r
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Fig
u
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illu
s
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ate
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u
lt
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g
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lt
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o
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er
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m
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t
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h
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w
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j
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GJ
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,
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r
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u
r
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3
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1
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s
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h
e
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o
n
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d
t
h
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it
h
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m
e
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o
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o
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e.
Seco
n
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j
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as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
ag
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d
es
f
o
r
b
o
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p
o
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it
iv
e
an
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
p
ea
k
s
in
d
icati
n
g
t
h
at
b
o
th
s
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o
n
d
an
d
th
ir
d
ca
b
les ar
e
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th
e
s
a
m
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co
n
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itio
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ce
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
d
i
f
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er
en
ce
s
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e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e.
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h
er
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r
e,
th
e
th
ir
d
ca
b
le
is
p
r
ed
icted
to
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e
in
g
o
o
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co
n
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itio
n
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
o
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
4
ca
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
f
o
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n
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to
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e
ac
cu
r
ate
as c
o
m
p
ar
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e
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tu
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co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le
lis
t
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
E
x
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er
i
m
en
t 1
v
er
s
u
s
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t 4
T
h
e
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
i
m
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n
t
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i
n
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tag
e
1
ar
e
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s
ed
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al
y
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e
t
h
e
r
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u
lts
ob
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f
r
o
m
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tag
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2
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
.
F
ig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
5
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
j
o
in
t
r
e
f
lectio
n
s
h
o
w
s
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h
ig
h
er
n
eg
ati
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e
m
a
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itu
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
its
p
o
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i
tiv
e
p
ea
k
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
is
i
n
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icate
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th
at
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
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le
is
in
g
o
o
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co
n
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itio
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ile
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e
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ec
o
n
d
i
s
i
n
d
eg
r
ad
ed
co
n
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itio
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h
e
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ec
o
n
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o
in
t
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s
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o
w
s
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o
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o
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d
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ar
e
h
a
v
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n
g
s
a
m
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a
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n
i
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d
e.
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er
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o
r
e,
it
ca
n
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e
p
r
ed
icted
th
at
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
an
d
t
h
ir
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ca
b
les
ar
e
in
th
e
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a
m
e
co
n
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iti
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n
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h
en
ce
,
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h
e
th
ir
d
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le
is
also
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eg
r
ad
ed
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e
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o
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e
d
eg
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ad
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d
ca
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le,
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o
n
d
j
o
in
t
r
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tio
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is
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h
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y
d
ela
y
ed
.
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n
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e
th
e
t
h
ir
d
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is
also
d
eg
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ed
,
th
e
en
d
p
o
in
t
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n
s
h
o
w
s
a
r
e
f
lectio
n
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h
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ig
g
er
d
ela
y
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
ese
p
r
ed
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n
s
w
it
h
th
e
ac
tu
a
l
ca
b
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
1
,
th
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
co
r
r
ec
t.
T
h
e
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
n
ca
b
le
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
6
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
6
r
esu
lt
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
is
s
till
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
r
ee
r
ef
lec
tio
n
s
.
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h
e
f
ir
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j
o
in
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r
e
f
lectio
n
w
it
h
a
s
lig
h
t
d
ela
y
c
lear
l
y
s
h
o
w
s
a
h
i
g
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er
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o
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m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
t
h
an
t
h
e
n
e
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ati
v
e
w
h
ich
i
m
p
lies
th
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
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le
is
d
eg
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ed
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
b
le
is
i
n
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
j
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
h
i
g
h
er
n
eg
a
tiv
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p
e
ak
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
its
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
ea
k
.
T
h
is
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
ca
b
le
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
w
h
i
le
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
co
n
d
ca
b
le
to
b
e
i
n
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Du
e
to
th
e
t
w
o
d
eg
r
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ed
ca
b
les,
th
e
en
d
p
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
er
d
ela
y
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
ag
ain
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
ac
cu
r
ate
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
r
ea
l c
ab
le
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
7
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
o
f
th
e
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
7
r
esu
lt
w
h
er
e
th
r
ee
r
ef
lect
io
n
s
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
j
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
is
d
ela
y
ed
w
it
h
s
a
m
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
ea
k
r
ef
lectio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
elay
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
b
le
is
in
d
eg
r
ad
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
s
i
n
ce
th
e
j
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
n
eg
a
ti
v
e
p
ea
k
s
w
it
h
s
a
m
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
b
le
is
p
r
ed
icted
to
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
as
f
ir
s
t
c
ab
le
w
h
ic
h
i
s
also
d
eg
r
ad
ed
.
Du
e
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t t
w
o
ca
b
les in
d
eg
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ad
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
j
o
in
t r
ef
lectio
n
i
s
d
etec
ted
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
e
r
d
elay
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
p
ea
k
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
h
ig
h
er
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
its
n
eg
at
iv
e
p
e
a
k
in
d
icat
in
g
th
e
t
h
ir
d
ca
b
le
to
b
e
in
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Sin
ce
th
e
th
ir
d
ca
b
le
is
in
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
,
n
o
f
u
r
th
er
d
ela
y
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
th
e
en
d
p
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
i
f
ied
w
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th
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
ca
b
le
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n
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ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
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ain
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c
u
r
ate.
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h
u
s
,
t
h
e
ch
a
r
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ter
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tics
o
f
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DR
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tio
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tic
s
o
f
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
ca
b
le
w
it
h
o
n
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
v
er
if
icat
io
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ex
ec
u
t
in
g
s
ta
g
e
2
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
ta
g
e
1
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
ca
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
in
s
tag
e
2
an
d
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ac
tu
al
ca
b
le
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
to
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
Stag
e
1
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
a
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
s
ec
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
in
d
icate
d
at
th
e
j
o
in
t
r
ef
lectio
n
.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
a
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
l
e
is
lo
w
er
th
a
n
a
g
o
o
d
ca
b
le,
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
j
o
in
t
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
h
ig
h
er
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
r
ef
lectio
n
b
et
wee
n
th
e
j
o
in
t
an
d
a
g
o
o
d
ca
b
le.
A
s
w
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
ag
ates
s
lo
w
er
in
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le,
a
d
elay
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
at
th
e
r
ef
le
ctio
n
w
h
ic
h
allo
ws
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
s
ec
tio
n
to
b
e
id
en
tif
ied
ea
s
il
y
.
T
h
ese
r
ef
lectio
n
ch
ar
cter
is
tic
s
w
h
e
n
ap
p
lied
to
s
tag
e
2
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
ca
b
les
w
it
h
t
w
o
d
eg
r
ad
ed
s
e
ctio
n
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t.
T
h
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
s
ec
ti
o
n
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
ac
cu
r
atel
y
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
ca
b
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
al
l e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ad
ed
ca
b
le
s
ec
tio
n
alo
n
g
a
ca
b
le
w
it
h
t
w
o
j
o
in
ts
ca
n
b
e
id
en
tif
ied
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
DR
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
Mo
r
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
T
DR
r
ef
lectio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
o
n
ca
b
le
w
it
h
ad
d
iti
o
n
al
j
o
in
ts
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
g
o
o
d
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
ed
j
o
in
ts
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
th
i
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
R
esear
c
h
G
r
an
t
Sc
h
e
m
e
(
2
0
1
4
0
1
2
1
FR
GS)
an
d
t
h
e
Hi
g
h
Vo
lta
g
e
Dia
g
n
o
s
tics
tea
m
f
r
o
m
T
NB
R
esear
ch
Sd
n
.
B
h
d
.
f
o
r
th
eir
f
u
ll s
u
p
p
o
r
t in
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
ilit
ies,
tech
n
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
ca
b
le
s
am
p
le
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
“
T
a
s
m
a
n
ian
p
o
w
e
r
c
risis:
Ba
ss
li
n
k
„d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
te‟,
Hy
d
ro
re
a
d
y
in
g
f
o
r
le
g
a
l
f
i
g
h
t,
e
m
a
il
s
re
v
e
a
l,
”
Rich
a
rd
Ba
in
e
s,
A
BC Ne
w
s,
2
5
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Ca
b
le F
a
il
u
re
Ca
u
se
s Do
w
n
to
w
n
De
tro
it
Ex
p
l
o
sio
n
s
,
”
Da
n
iel
M
e
a
rs,
De
tro
it
Ne
w
s,
3
Au
g
u
st 2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
“
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
s
f
o
rc
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
G
ri
d
to
issu
e
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
ly
c
ru
n
c
h
a
lert,
”
E
m
il
y
G
o
sd
e
n
,
T
h
e
T
e
l
e
g
ra
p
h
Ne
w
s,
U.K.,
1
0
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
“
P
o
w
e
r
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
g
f
la
g
g
e
d
f
o
r
in
d
u
stry
a
f
ter
d
e
la
y
in
Ba
ss
li
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
le
re
p
a
irs,
”
El
len
Co
u
lt
e
r
a
n
d
Rich
a
rd
Ba
in
e
s,
A
BC Ne
w
s,
A
u
stra
li
a
,
1
4
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
“
Ca
b
le b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
c
a
u
se
d
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
b
las
t,
”
Jo
h
n
Ru
ss
e
ll
,
In
d
y
sta
r,
1
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
Qia
n
g
G
a
o
,
Zaim
in
g
Yu
,
X
iao
m
i
n
g
L
i,
Qi
L
iu
,
F
a
n
g
Yu
a
n
,
Yu
e
Ha
n
,
L
in
S
h
i,
Jix
ian
S
h
e
n
a
n
d
Zh
a
o
h
u
i
L
ian
g
,
“
On
L
in
e
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
o
f
P
a
rti
a
l
Disc
h
a
rg
e
in
Hi
g
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ca
b
les
,
”
TE
L
KO
M
NIK
A
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l
.
4
(3
A
),
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
-
1
1
4
.
[7
]
Zh
a
n
g
W
e
ix
ia,
Zh
a
o
Xia
n
p
i
n
g
,
Z
h
a
o
S
h
u
ta
o
,
Yu
Ho
n
g
a
n
d
W
a
n
g
Da
d
a
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
n
P
a
rt
ial
Disc
h
a
rg
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
1
0
k
V
P
o
w
e
r
Ca
b
le,”
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l.
1
0
(7
),
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
5
-
1
7
9
9
.
[8
]
Ka
i
Zh
o
u
,
W
e
i
Zh
a
o
a
n
d
X
ian
tao
Tao
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
Re
latio
n
sh
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
In
su
latio
n
Re
c
o
v
e
r
y
a
n
d
M
icro
S
tr
u
c
tu
re
i
n
W
a
ter
T
r
e
e
De
g
ra
d
e
d
X
L
P
E
Ca
b
les
,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
su
lati
o
n
,
Vo
l.
2
0
(6
)
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
3
5
-
2
1
4
2
.
[9
]
J.
De
n
sle
y
,
“
Ag
e
in
g
M
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
s
a
n
d
Dia
g
n
o
stics
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Ca
b
les
–
A
n
O
v
e
r
v
ie
w
,
”
IEE
E
El
e
c
t
rica
l
In
su
latio
n
M
a
g
a
z
in
e
,
V
o
l
.
1
7
(
1
),
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
0
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
-
2
2
.
[1
0
]
J.
W
a
n
g
,
P
.
E.
C.
S
to
n
e
,
Y.
J.
S
h
in
a
n
d
R.
A
.
Do
u
g
a
l,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
jo
in
t
t
im
e
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
a
in
re
f
le
c
to
m
e
tr
y
f
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
le d
iag
n
o
stics
,
”
IET
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
,
Vo
l.
4
,
I
ss
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
-
4
0
5
,
4
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
M
o
o
n
Ka
n
g
Ju
n
g
,
Yo
n
g
Ju
n
e
S
h
in
a
n
d
Jin
Ba
e
P
a
rk
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
T
i
m
e
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Do
m
a
in
Re
f
lec
to
m
e
tr
y
b
a
se
d
o
n
M
u
lt
i
-
b
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
f
o
r
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
L
o
c
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
F
a
u
lt
Ca
b
le,”
2
0
1
4
1
4
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tr
o
l,
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s
,
2
2
-
2
5
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
,
Gy
e
o
n
g
g
i
-
d
o
,
K
o
re
a
,
p
p
.
3
9
6
-
4
0
1
[1
2
]
J
in
g
ji
a
n
g
W
a
n
g
,
P
h
il
ip
Cra
p
se
,
Yo
n
g
-
Ju
n
e
S
h
in
a
n
d
R
o
g
e
r
Do
u
g
a
l,
“
Dia
g
n
o
stics
a
n
d
P
r
o
g
n
o
st
ics
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
Ca
b
les
in
S
h
ip
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s
v
ia
Jo
in
t
T
i
m
e
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Do
m
a
in
Re
f
lec
to
m
e
tr
y
,
”
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
1
2
-
1
5
M
a
y
2
0
0
8
,
Bri
ti
sh
C
o
lu
m
b
ia,
Ca
n
a
d
a
[1
3
]
Jin
g
ji
a
n
g
W
a
n
g
,
P
h
i
li
p
E.
C.
S
t
o
n
e
,
Da
v
id
Co
a
ts,
Yo
n
g
-
Ju
n
e
S
h
i
n
a
n
d
Ro
g
e
r
A
.
Do
u
g
a
l,
“
He
a
lt
h
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
Ca
b
le v
ia Jo
in
t
T
im
e
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Do
m
a
in
Re
f
lec
to
m
e
tr
y
,
”
[1
4
]
Yo
n
g
-
Ju
n
e
S
h
i
n
,
E
d
w
a
rd
J.
P
o
w
e
rs,
Tk
-
S
o
n
Ch
o
e
,
Ch
an
-
Y
o
u
n
g
Ho
n
g
,
Eu
n
-
S
e
o
k
S
o
n
g
,
Jo
n
g
-
Gw
a
n
Yo
o
k
a
n
d
Jin
Ba
e
P
a
rk
,
“
A
p
p
li
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