TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.6, Jun
e
201
4, pp. 4771 ~ 4
7
7
7
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i6.552
1
4771
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 2
9
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
March 10, 20
14; Accepted
March 26, 20
14
Energy Harvesting Device Based on Spatial Electric
Field in Substations
Hong
w
e
i Li
1
*, Ganrong P
e
ng
2
1
T
e
chnol
og
y C
o
lle
ge, State Grid Corp
orati
o
n
of China, Jin
a
n
, Chin
a
2
State Grid Jinan Po
w
e
r Sup
p
l
y
Com
pan
y,
Jina
n, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: drago
nlh
w
@
163.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
It is rich in
el
ec
tric field
en
erg
y
in h
i
g
h
volt
ag
e
substati
ons
w
h
ile it is
har
dl
y coll
ected
and
utili
z
e
d
.
A novel e
ner
g
y
harvestin
g d
e
vice b
a
sed
o
n
spatia
l
elect
r
ic field is pre
s
ented i
n
this
paper, w
h
ich
is
compos
ed of capac
itive en
e
r
gy collect
or and con
d
it
io
ni
n
g
circuit. A simu
lati
on mod
e
l of the ener
g
y
collect
or is establis
he
d to study the relati
on
ship
b
e
tw
een output volta
ge
and its
structur
al par
a
m
eters
an
d
is verifie
d
by
no-l
oad tests. T
here are s
o
me restr
a
in
ing
factors such as outp
u
t voltage u
n
stab
le i
n
th
e
traditio
nal c
o
n
d
itio
nin
g
circu
i
t. A new
condit
i
oni
ng c
i
rcuit is
desi
gne
d to o
v
erco
me th
e p
r
obl
ems
an
d th
i
s
new
circuit is
mor
e
effective
l
y. T
h
is pap
er d
e
sig
n
s a
new
devic
e to h
a
rv
est the el
ectric
field
en
ergy w
i
thi
n
substatio
n
s an
d it can provi
d
e
br
oad p
o
tenti
a
l use in the futu
re.
Ke
y
w
ords
: smart gird, ener
gy
harvestin
g, capacitiv
e en
ergy
collector, con
d
i
tioni
ng circ
uit
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Smart grid h
a
s broad p
r
o
s
pe
cts in the
future [1], which requi
re
s advance
d
se
nso
r
and
measuri
ng te
chn
o
logy. Th
erefo
r
e, the wirele
ss
se
n
s
o
r
s net
wo
rk h
a
s
wid
e
appli
c
ation pro
s
p
e
ct in
the smart
gri
d
. But the
problem
of its
energy
suppl
y has not
effectively solved [2
-3], so
me
solutio
n
s
su
ch as in
cre
a
si
ng battery en
ergy den
si
ty, usin
g ne
w en
ergy tran
sfer
method [4], etc.,
can
not fund
amentally so
lve
it due to the disad
v
antage
s of
secu
rity and large en
e
r
gy
con
s
um
ption.
The
ene
rgy
harve
sting
tech
nolo
g
y ca
n effectively
solve th
e p
r
o
b
lem of
ene
rgy
sup
p
ly, whi
c
h colle
cts
en
ergy from th
e surrou
ndin
g
environm
e
n
t [5-9]
(such a
s
sola
r
e
nergy,
vibrational e
n
e
rgy, thermal
energy, electromagn
etic en
ergy, etc.) an
d conve
r
ts it into electri
c
ity.
In the high
voltage su
bstations, the
energy
harve
sting technol
ogy based o
n
sola
r
energy is li
mi
ted to ap
plication spa
c
e
and
weath
e
r
con
d
ition
s
an
d it ca
nnot
afford a
con
s
ta
nt
sup
p
ly of en
ergy; the d
e
vice b
a
sed o
n
vibrati
onal
e
nergy
can
not
be u
s
ed
on
the su
rfa
c
e
of
electri
c
al
equ
ipments for t
he sake of in
sulatio
n
an
d
se
curity; an
d
some
ne
w d
e
v
ices
ba
sed
on
thermal e
nergy and so
un
d energy ca
n hardly
me
et demand o
f
power
sup
p
ly beca
u
se the
energy so
urce is too
wea
k
. The
r
efore, the re
sea
r
ch
ers
beg
an to
study the en
ergy ha
rvesti
ng
techn
o
logy b
a
se
d on sp
ace electroma
g
netic en
ergy
i
n
sub
s
tation
s beca
u
se it can overcom
e
the
above wea
k
n
e
ss.
There is ple
n
ty of electromagn
etic e
ner
gy in mo
dern hi
gh vo
ltage su
bstat
i
ons a
nd
arou
nd tra
n
smissi
on line
s
, and it provides a b
a
si
s
for ene
rgy scaven
ging
system ba
se
d on
electri
c
field
energy. Som
e
me
asure
d
data
sug
g
e
s
t that the
ma
ximum of A
C
el
ect
r
ic fie
l
d
stren
g
th in a
500kV sub
s
tation can b
e
up to
18kV/m and it
make
s this e
nergy ha
rvesting
techn
o
logy viable [10]. Th
ough the
r
e i
s
stron
g
ele
c
tric field st
reng
th in high voltage sub
s
tatio
n
,
the po
we
r freque
ncy i
s
5
0
Hz a
nd its
energy de
ns
i
t
y is poo
r. T
he e
nergy h
a
rvestin
g
d
e
v
ice
based on ele
c
tri
c
field sho
u
ld take full advantag
e of the poor en
ergy den
sity and re
du
ce th
e
energy loss a
s
far a
s
po
ssi
ble.
The ene
rgy
harvestin
g
device co
nsi
s
ts of
two part
s
: ca
pacitive coll
ector
and
con
d
itioning
unit. The cap
a
citive co
nve
r
ter i
s
a
key compon
ent of the system. T
here i
s
ne
ed
for
further re
se
a
r
ch
ab
out th
e en
ergy
ha
rvesting
effe
ct of top
o
lo
gical
structu
r
es, g
eomet
ri
cal
para
m
eters a
nd the extern
al ele
c
tric fiel
d. Another
ke
y part is
con
d
i
tioning unit a
nd it co
nsi
s
ts
of
rectifie
r, cho
p
per, en
ergy
stor
age, a
nd regulato
r
to keep the o
u
tp
ut voltage st
able. The
r
efo
r
e,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4771 – 4
777
4772
this pape
r is mainly abo
ut the two parts an
d will
further dev
elop the re
search on e
n
e
rgy
harve
sting sy
stem ba
sed o
n
electri
c
field
energy.
2. Optimized
Rese
arch o
n
Capa
citiv
e
Energ
y
Collector
Cap
a
citive e
nergy
colle
ctor is the b
a
s
is
of the e
nergy h
a
rve
s
ting devi
c
e,
which
determi
ne
s e
l
ectri
c
ene
rg
y conversion
ability and
efficien
cy. Therefo
r
e, it is ne
ce
ssary
to
establi
s
h
sim
u
lation mod
e
l
s
for differe
n
t
capa
citi
ve energy colle
ctors, stu
d
y its efficien
cy a
n
d
operating ch
ara
c
teri
stics of di
fferent topologi
cal structu
r
e
s
an
d geometri
c paramete
r
s in
compl
e
x elect
r
ic field condit
i
ons.
2.1. Design a
nd Optimiza
tion of the En
erg
y
Collector
A flat-plate energy colle
ctor co
nsi
s
ts o
f
tw
o parallel
metal circul
ar plate
s
whi
c
h are
sup
porte
d by
thre
e nylo
n
pillars. Esta
bl
ish
a
simu
l
a
tion m
odel
of f
l
at-plate
ene
rgy coll
ecto
r
by
Elec
Net/Infolytic
a
, as
s
hown in Fig.1, where the ex
ternal elec
t
r
ic
field is
produc
ed by an elec
tric
field gene
rate
d unit comp
o
s
ed of two m
e
tallic plate
s
.
Figure1. Fra
m
e Diag
ram
of Fl
at-plate Energy
Colle
ctor
As Figure
1 shows, establi
s
h the
sim
u
lation model
by
Ansoft/Maxwell, the electri
c
field
gene
rated u
n
it is con
s
is of two circular copp
er
plates who
s
e radiu
s
an
d thickn
essi
s is
respe
c
tively 500mm
and
5mm. The
e
nergy
coll
ect
o
r lie
s
right i
n
the mid
d
le
of the ge
ne
rated
unit. In orde
r to analy
z
e
the relatio
n
s
hip
betwe
e
n
the geo
me
trical p
a
ra
me
ters a
nd e
n
e
r
gy
harve
sting effect, cha
nge t
he are
a
and
height of
the colle
ctor a
nd
study the out
put voltage. In
the simulatio
n
model, the electri
c
field
stren
g
th appli
ed on the ge
nerate
d
unit is 1kV/m and
the
radiu
s
of the energy colle
ctor is 10
cm.
The heig
h
t of the collecto
r
has an effect
on the output voltage as Figure 2
(
a)
sho
w
s.
The output voltage is be
prop
ortio
nal to the hei
ght
and its slop
e whi
c
h is the ele
c
tric fi
eld
stren
g
th bte
w
ee
n the
coll
ector is 0.51
kV/m but
le
ss than
1
k
V/m. This m
a
y b
e
ca
used
by the
local
ele
c
tro
s
tatic shieldin
g effect of th
e pa
rallel
pla
t
es o
r
cau
s
e
d
by the e
n
e
r
gy lo
ss
of the
gene
rated
un
it. In Figure
2(b
)
, the o
u
tput voltage h
a
s n
o
thing to
do
with the
thickne
ss
of th
e
colle
ct
or.
T
h
e
re
sult
s
h
o
w
s
t
hat
t
he t
h
ic
kne
s
s
ha
s n
o
effect to the
potential diffe
ren
c
e
betwe
e
n
the coll
ecto
r,
thus it h
a
s no reflectio
n
on the
ou
tput voltage, ene
rgy sto
r
age a
nd e
n
e
rgy
harve
sting
efficien
cy. Th
e
electri
c
poten
tial of any
pla
t
e ca
n
rise
wi
th the in
crea
se
of thickn
e
s
s
becau
se it i
s
an
equip
o
te
ntial bo
dy in
the ele
c
tr
i
c
fi
eld a
nd it
s p
o
tential i
s
d
e
t
ermine
d by i
t
s
relative p
o
siti
on in th
e el
e
c
tri
c
field. T
h
erefo
r
e, the
metal plate
o
f
the collecto
r
shoul
d b
e
as
thinner a
s
po
ssi
ble if it can
meet the
manufactu
ring te
chn
o
logy leve
l and econom
y.
The pl
ate a
r
e
a
of the
colle
ctor
ca
n m
a
ke a
differen
c
e on
the
ene
rgy ha
rve
s
tin
g
effect.
Figure 2(c) shows that the
radiu
s
of the
plate is al
mo
st no influ
ence on the o
u
tp
ut voltage, wi
th
the radi
us i
n
cre
a
ses th
e
output voltag
e de
cre
s
se
s
a little. Thouth the plate a
r
ea
can
hard
l
y
influen
ce the output voltag
e, the
energy
stored by the
capa
citor i
s
prop
ortio
nal to the plate area.
The big
g
e
r
is the plate a
r
e
a
, the gre
a
ter is the
cap
a
ci
tance th
en th
e more is
en
ergy sto
r
e
d
b
y
the capa
citor.
Th
e pl
ate a
r
es
ca
nnot
affect the
en
erg
y
harve
sting
efficien
cy an
d outp
u
t volta
ge,
so the plate a
r
ea shoul
d be
the bigger th
e be
tter wh
en
it meet the desig
n co
nditio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Energ
y
Harve
s
ting Devi
ce
Based o
n
Sp
atial El
ectri
c
Field in Sub
s
tations (Ho
n
g
w
ei Li)
4773
The directio
n
of the applied electri
c
fiel
d has
a si
gnif
i
cant impa
ct on the output
voltage
as Fig
u
re 2(d
)
sh
ows. Assume that the
angle b
e
twe
e
n
the central
axis of the co
llector
and th
e
axis of the el
ectri
c
field g
e
nerate
d
unit i
s
α
. Whe
n
th
e angle
α
ch
an
ges from 0° t
o
90°, recond
the
output voltag
e of the colle
ctor
. It is clea
r that the ang
le
α
is 0°, the output voltag
e is the bigge
st
and the e
n
e
r
gy harve
sting
effect is the
best. In or
der to have a b
e
st en
ergy h
a
rvestin
g
effe
ct,
the energy co
llector
sho
u
ld
be put perp
e
ndicu
lar to th
e external ele
c
tri
c
field.
(a) O
u
tput voltage varie
s
wi
th height
(b) O
u
tput voltage varie
s
wi
th thickn
ess
(c) Output vol
t
age varie
s
wi
th radiu
s
(d) O
u
tput voltage varie
s
wi
th deviation a
ngle
Figure 2. Output Voltage Chara
c
te
risti
c
s by Simulation
The
simul
a
tion results
show that the
output
volta
ge vari
es wit
h
the
extern
al po
we
r
freque
ncy el
ectri
c
field. T
he outp
u
t voltage is
dire
ct
ly propo
rtion
a
l to the coll
ector’
s a
r
e
a
and
height whil
e has n
o
thing
to do with its thickne
s
s.
In fac
t, the
elec
tric
field
may c
o
me from
different dire
ction
s
so a
s
that its ene
rgy harve
stin
g effect is i
nefficient. Th
erefo
r
e, a n
e
w
topologi
cal
structu
r
e i
s
rai
s
ed to increa
se its energy
harvestin
g efficien
cy. It is similar to the flat-
plate but th
e
uppe
r pl
ate
is repla
c
e
d
b
y
a hemi
s
ph
erical
shell. T
he ap
proximate clo
s
e
d
m
e
tal
surfa
c
e
offers el
ectroma
g
netic
shi
e
ldi
ng for t
he conditionin
g
circuit and
th
e
ele
c
tri
c
fie
l
d
distortio
n
is small enou
gh to avoid the p
henom
eno
n o
f
point discha
rge.
2.2. No-load
Test o
f
the E
n
erg
y
Collector.
To test and
verify the
actual
cha
r
a
c
te
ri
stics of the energy
colle
ctors, set up an
experim
ent pl
atform as
sh
own in Fi
gure 3. It is
com
posed of hig
h
voltage testing tran
sformer,
electri
c
field
gene
rato
r, voltage divide
r
and a
n
o
scill
oscop
e
. The
electri
c
field
gene
rato
r co
nsi
s
ts
of two p
a
rall
el metal pl
ates
with a
r
ea
of 1m
2
, four i
n
sul
a
ting pill
ars with
a h
e
i
ght of 1m. It is
con
n
e
c
ted to
a 50
Hz AC
power
grid th
roug
h the
hig
h
voltage te
st
ing tra
n
sfo
r
m
e
r. The
no
-lo
ad
test is aime
d
at stu
d
ying
the en
ergy
collecto
r
s’
en
e
r
gy ha
rve
s
tin
g
effect
and
its influ
e
n
c
i
n
g
factors so the
experime
n
t is tested in a
relative low vo
ltage.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
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046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4771 – 4
777
4774
Figure 3. The
Experimental
Test Platform
(a)
δ
=0
,
R
=15c
m,
d
=20
c
m
(b)
δ
=0
,
d
=2
0cm,
R
var
i
es
(c
)
δ
=0
,
R
=1
5cm,
d
var
i
es
(d)
R
=15c
m,
d
=2
0cm,
δ
var
i
es
Figure 4. Output Voltage Chara
c
te
risti
c
s under
Differe
nt Conditio
n
s
For diffe
rent
energy collectors
with va
ried
st
ru
cture
s
and g
eom
etric
paramete
r
s, put
them in the
electri
c
field
gene
rato
r to observe
thei
r output voltage wavefo
rm
by oscill
oscope.
Reg
u
late th
e
transfo
rme
r
t
o
keep
its
out
put
voltage
changi
ng between 50V
and
300V
to
ob
se
rve
the output vo
ltage. Assum
e
the angl
e
betwe
en ele
c
tr
ic field di
re
ction an
d me
dial axis of t
h
e
colle
ct
or i
s
δ
.
Whe
n
the ra
dius a
nd h
e
ig
ht of the flat-plate coll
ecto
r and
hemi
s
p
heri
c
al
shell
one
is
the sa
me and
δ
=0
,
th
e
hemi
s
p
heri
c
al shell
on
e has a
hi
ghe
r output
voltag
e,
as Figu
re 4(a
)
sho
w
s, whi
c
h
the voltage is all pea
k-to
-pea
k val
ue. For the hemi
s
p
heri
c
al shell collecto
r
, cha
n
ge
its radi
us
R
and
hei
ght
d
to obse
r
ve i
t
s output voltage an
d
the
results
sho
w
that the output
voltage of
the
coll
ecto
r i
s
i
n
crea
sed
with radiu
s
R
an
d hei
ght
d
in
crea
se,
as Fig
u
re
4(b) an
d
(c)
sho
w
. Becau
s
e the di
re
ction of elect
r
ic
field has a bi
g influen
ce o
n
the ene
rgy harve
sting eff
e
ct,
kee
p
the radi
us
R
a
nd hei
ght
d
unchan
ged in the test, change the
angle
δ
to ob
serve the o
u
tput
voltage. Due
to measu
r
em
ent error an
d electri
c
fiel
d
distortio
n
of the ele
c
tric fie
l
d gene
rato
r, the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Energ
y
Harve
s
ting Devi
ce
Based o
n
Sp
atial El
ectri
c
Field in Sub
s
tations (Ho
n
g
w
ei Li)
4775
output voltag
e of the flat-plate colle
ct
o
r
is d
e
cre
a
sed when i
n
crea
sing th
e
angle
δ
but
the
hemisphe
ri
ca
l shell on
e ke
ep stabl
e, as
Figure 4(d
)
shows
.
The expe
rim
ental re
sult
s sho
w
that th
e ene
rgy ha
rvesting effe
ct of the hemi
s
ph
eri
c
al
shell
colle
cto
r
i
s
b
e
tter th
an the
flat-pl
a
te on
e
with
the
sam
e
ra
dius an
d h
e
i
ght. The
ra
di
us,
height
and
el
ectri
c
fiel
d int
ensity
can
infl
uen
ce th
e e
n
e
rgy
harve
sti
ng effe
ct of th
e he
misp
he
ri
cal
shell
colle
cto
r
and i
s
ap
proximately pro
portion
al
to its output volt
age. The
en
ergy ha
rvesti
ng
effect of the
hemisphe
ri
ca
l shell coll
ect
o
r ha
s nothin
g
to do with the angel
δ
cha
ngin
g
in the
experim
ents whe
n
the an
gle
δ
is
belo
w
3
0
° b
e
cau
s
e
of mea
s
u
r
ement e
r
rors,
the ele
c
tri
c
f
i
eld
distortio
n
of the ele
c
tric fiel
d
gene
rato
r a
nd the angl
e range limitatio
n.
3. Conditioni
ng Circuit
The outp
u
t voltage of the
energy coll
ector is d
e
termi
ned by the e
x
ternal ele
c
tri
c
field. It
can
gen
erate
power frequ
ency voltag
e
within p
o
we
r
freque
ncy el
e
c
tri
c
field an
d
it cann
ot po
wer
dire
ctly the sensors. Th
e
r
efore, it nee
ds a
con
d
itio
ning ci
rc
uit for the d
e
vice
to regul
ate the
output voltag
e [11]. A typical
co
nditio
n
ing u
n
it
co
nsi
s
ts
of re
ctifier, storage
, and voltag
e
stabili
zing
at
least.
Con
s
id
ering
the
en
e
r
gy h
a
rve
s
ted
by the
colle
ctor i
s
n
o
t mu
ch
eno
ugh
a
nd
the circuit ne
eds
con
s
um
e
some en
ergy, the c
onditio
n
ing topol
ogy
shoul
d not b
e
compli
cate
d.
In the experi
m
ental test
platform a
s
Figure
3 sh
o
w
s, the
colle
ctor i
s
pla
c
e
d
in the
electri
c
field
gene
rated u
n
i
t. There is a
n
equivalent capa
citor form
ed between t
he upp
er plat
e o
f
the gene
rate
d unit and th
e uppe
r plate
of the collect
or, whi
c
h i
s
written a
s
C
1
.
The ca
pa
cita
nce
of the colle
ct
or itself is
na
med a
s
C
2
. T
here i
s
al
so a
n
equivale
nt cap
a
cito
r bet
wee
n
the bott
o
m
plate of the g
enerated u
n
it and the
bo
ttom one
of the coll
ecto
r, n
o
ted a
s
C
3
. In
the appli
c
ati
ons,
the ene
rgy collecto
r
is pl
a
c
ed u
nde
r th
e high voltag
e elect
r
od
es
so the
r
e a
r
e
electrode
s ab
ove
the upp
er
pla
t
e of the
colle
ctor
whil
e g
r
o
und u
nde
r th
e bottom o
n
e
.
The hig
h
vol
t
age ele
c
trod
es
are
very lo
ng
and
far from
the
conve
r
te
r, t
he
equival
ent capa
cito
r forme
d
b
e
tween
ele
c
trod
es
and the upp
er plate of collecto
r
ca
n also be
a
pproximately co
nsid
ere
d
ca
p
a
citor, called
C
1
.
Assu
me th
at the voltage
of the
elect
r
ode
is
u
i
. T
herefo
r
e, th
e
voltage
sou
r
ce
u
i
and
th
ree
cap
a
cito
rs a
r
e in
se
rie
s
i
n
the
equival
ent si
mp
lified
mod
e
l, sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gure
5. By u
s
ing
the
thevenin-no
rton's th
eo
rem
of two-te
rmi
nal net
work,
the model i
n
Figure 5 ca
n be si
mplifi
e
d
further a
s
Fi
gure 6
sho
w
n, where
u
eq
and
C
eq
den
ote the equivalent voltage
and cap
a
cit
ance
and their e
qui
valent relatio
n
s can be ex
pre
s
sed by formula (1).
Figure 5. Equivalent Model
of Collecto
r
Figur
e 6. Simplified Circuit
r
y of the Collector
13
1
2
2
3
eq
13
13
eq
i
13
1
2
2
3
CC
CC
C
C
C
CC
CC
uu
CC
CC
C
C
(1)
The output v
o
ltage can catch up
well
with
the ch
ange
s of the
colle
ctor, an
d it can
gene
rate
po
wer freq
uen
cy output voltage
within p
o
we
r fre
que
n
c
y ele
c
tri
c
field. The
r
efo
r
e, a
simplified
eq
uivalent mod
e
l of the coll
ector
as
Fig.
6 sh
ows i
s
use
d
to re
pl
ace th
e en
erg
y
colle
ctor to
si
mplify the an
alysis. A typical
con
d
it
ioni
ng ci
rcuit is
shown in Fig.7
,
where a b
r
i
dge
rectifie
r is
co
nne
cted to th
e ene
rgy coll
ector, a
nd a
cap
a
cita
nce
C
is u
s
e
d
for regul
ating a
nd
storin
g the voltage.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4771 – 4
777
4776
Figure 7. A Typical Conditi
oning
Circuit
In pra
c
tice, most of time
the wi
rele
ss sen
s
o
r
s work in d
o
rm
ant
time, their e
quivalent
resi
stan
ce an
d
power con
s
umptio
n
are
large, but
conversely the
y
are in wo
rk state only in
a
fraction
of time, the insta
n
taneo
us e
n
e
rgy con
s
um
ption incre
a
ses. The
su
dd
en ch
ang
e of
the
load ha
s the
potential to cau
s
e di
so
rd
er of t
he bri
dge re
ctifier.
Con
s
equ
entl
y
, there are two
obviou
s
disa
dvantage
s of traditional
co
nditioning
ci
rcuit: the outp
u
t voltage is not stable a
n
d
the
equivalent re
sista
n
ce of the load is
cha
ngea
ble.
Figure 8. A Novel Con
d
itioning Ci
rcuit Base
d on BQ2
5504
In orde
r to overcome the
s
e
problem
s, a new topol
ogy
is pre
s
ente
d
, sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 8.
The
circuit i
s
based
on th
e ultra l
o
w-p
o
we
r
chip: B
Q
255
04. Th
e
circuit m
a
inl
y
includ
es th
ree
parts:
bri
dge
rectifie
r, storage ca
pa
cita
nce
an
d boo
st conve
r
ter with
b
a
ttery manag
eme
n
t. The
cap
a
cita
nce C1 sto
r
e
s
the
energy from the colle
ctor
u
eq
, so it
requi
re
s a b
u
lky ca
pa
city to
impleme
n
t th
e en
ergy
sto
r
age,
and
u
s
ually we
can
ch
oo
se
a 1
6
V/0.1F o
r
more
alumi
n
um
electrolytic capa
citor a
s
t
he sto
r
ag
e u
n
it. The
volta
ge of C1 sho
u
ld be
ke
pt b
e
low
16V, so
the
voltage-reg
u
lator diod
e D4 is con
n
e
c
ted between
the two pin
s
of C1. In pra
c
tice, P6KE1
5CA
can b
e
cho
s
e
n
as voltage
-regul
ator dio
de D4,
which
has a wid
e
power rage o
f
500W. D4
can
ensure th
e vo
ltage of C1
al
ways
stay bel
ow 1
5
V to
protect it. The subsequ
ent ci
rcuit is th
e ma
in
body of the
d
e
sig
n
, whi
c
h
is ba
se
d o
n
BQ2550
4 to
regulate th
e o
u
tput voltage.
It own
s
do
u
b
le
output, on
e i
s
the
sen
s
o
r
s lo
ad
and
a
nother i
s
a
re
cha
r
ge
able
b
a
ttery. Wh
en
the ci
rcuit h
a
s
a
large lo
ad, the battery can
relea
s
e e
nerg
y
and it c
an store ene
rgy in
return
whe
n
the load i
s
low,
thus it makes the circuit more effe
ctively.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Energ
y
Harve
s
ting Devi
ce
Based o
n
Sp
atial El
ectri
c
Field in Sub
s
tations (Ho
n
g
w
ei Li)
4777
4. Conclusio
n
It desig
ns
a n
e
w to
pology
of the en
ergy colle
ct
o
r
a
n
d
esta
balish it
s
simulatio
n
model to
study the rela
tionshi
p between the
outp
u
t characte
ri
stics an
d the t
opolo
g
y’s structural features.
Establish an
experim
ental
platform an
d do no-l
oad te
st
to verify th
e actual
cha
r
acteri
stics of
the
energy colle
ctors. An
alyze
the mai
n
p
r
o
b
lems ex
iste
d in the
tradit
i
onal
con
d
itio
ning
circuit a
nd
pre
s
ent
a
n
e
w
ci
rcuit to
overcom
e
t
hese p
r
obl
e
m
s. Th
e
ne
w
circuit
ha
s a
go
od
o
u
tpu
t
cha
r
a
c
teri
stic and is very suitable for la
r
ge fluctuatio
n
s
of the load i
n
appli
c
ation
s
.
Referen
ces
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YX
Yu, WP Luan.
Smart Grid and Its Impl
e
m
entatio
ns.
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ings
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h
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i
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r T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.