Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
6
57
~
6
64
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
6
57
-
6
64
657
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Analysis
theorem
of un
ique comm
on
fixe
d
point f
o
r f
our map
s
based on
partial
–
b
–
m
etric sp
aces
Ban M
ohamm
ad
Ha
s
an
, Ha
yd
er
Abdul
am
eer A
bb
as
Middle
Te
chn
ica
l
Univer
si
t
y
,
Tec
hnic
a
l
Instruc
tor
s T
rai
n
ing
Insti
t
ute
,
Baghd
ad, I
r
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
6
, 2
018
Re
vised
N
ov
2
1
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
3
, 2
018
A In
thi
s
pap
er,
An i
m
porta
nt
d
e
fini
ti
ons
ar
e
to
b
e
used
to
prove
t
he exi
st
ence
of
a
comm
on
fixe
d
point
the
or
em
for
four
m
appi
n
gs
inc
om
ple
te,
p
art
i
al
–
b
–
m
et
ric
spa
ce
s,
a
s
well
as
prov
e
a
unique
comm
on
fixe
d
po
int
b
y
assum
ing
anot
her
point
an
d
getting
that,
th
ese
poin
ts
ar
e
f
i
nal
l
y
equ
al
.
W
e
pre
sente
d
a
n
exa
m
ple
thus e
n
hanc
ing
us t
h
e
o
utc
om
e.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Curtailm
ent
Partia
l b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace
Partia
l m
e
tric
sp
ace
Weak
ly
c
om
pa
ti
ble
m
app
in
g
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ba
n
Mo
ham
m
ad Hasa
n
,
Tech
nical
Instr
ucto
rs
T
raini
ng Insti
tute
,
Mi
dd
le
Tec
hnic
al
U
ni
ver
sit
y,
Ba
ghda
d,
Ir
a
q.
Em
a
il
: haed
er
_a
bid@y
a
hoo.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
1989,
Ba
kht
in
[1
]
ap
pro
ve
d
the
idea
res
pec
ti
ng
a
quasi
–
m
et
ric
sp
ace
as
a
gen
e
rali
zed
c
oncept
a
bout
m
et
ric
sp
aces.
In
19
93,
Cz
er
wik
[
2,
3]
ex
pa
nd
e
d
a
bunda
nt
upshots
c
on
c
ern
i
ng
f
or
b
–
m
et
ric
sp
aces.
In
19
94
,
Ma
tt
hew
s
[4
]
f
ound
t
he
c
onnota
ti
on
co
nce
r
ning
par
ti
al
m
et
ric
sp
ace
at
t
he
sel
f
-
distan
ce
in
co
nnect
ion
with
any
point
ab
ou
t
sp
ace
m
igh
t
no
t
eq
ual
zer
o.
I
n
19
96,
O'
Neil
l
assur
e
d
th
at
a
conn
otati
on
for
par
ti
al
m
e
tric
sp
ace
thr
ough
gr
a
nti
ng
neg
at
iv
e
di
sta
nces.
I
n
20
13,
S
hukla
[
5]
a
ssu
re
d
to
gethe
r
t
he
c
onnota
ti
on
a
bout
b
-
m
e
tric
&
par
ti
al
m
e
tric
sp
aces
via
se
nd
in
the
pa
rtia
l
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
aces.
Fo
r
e
xam
ple,
researc
hers
ex
plored
th
e
co
nc
ept
&
it
s g
ene
rali
zat
ion
s
in
sev
e
ral
kinds
of m
et
ric
sp
aces
[6
-
10]
.
W
it
hin
this
res
earch
,
we
pr
oved
a
c
omm
on
fixe
d
point
t
he
or
em
for
f
our
m
aps
in
par
ti
al
b
–
m
et
ric
sp
ace
a
nd
in
th
is
pa
per
we
ge
ner
al
iz
e
bo
t
h
t
he
c
on
ce
pts
of
b
-
m
et
ric
and
par
ti
al
m
et
ric
s
paces
by
intr
oduci
ng
the
par
ti
al
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace
.
An
anal
og
of
t
he
com
m
on
fixe
d
point
t
heorem
f
or
f
our
m
aps
in
pa
rtia
l
b
–
m
et
ric
sp
aces
is
pro
ve
d.
So
m
e
exa
m
ples
are
include
d
w
hich
il
l
us
trat
e
th
e
re
s
ults
obta
ine
d
i
n
new
s
pace.
First,
we
recall
so
m
e d
ef
init
ion
s
from
b
-
m
et
ric and
part
ia
l
m
et
ric sp
aces.
Def
ini
ti
on
1.1
.
[
11
-
13
]
Let
X
be
a
no
nem
pty
set
an
d
le
t
s
≥
1
be
a
gi
ven
re
al
nu
m
ber
.
A
f
un
ct
ion
d:
X
×
X
→[
0,
∞
)
is cal
le
d
a
b
-
m
et
ric if for al
l x
, y, z
∈
X
the
foll
ow
i
ng con
diti
on
s a
re s
at
isfi
ed:
(i) d(
x, y) =
0
i
f
a
nd only
if
x = y
;
(ii) d(
x,
y)
=
d(y
, x);
(iii
)
d(x
, y) ≤ s
[d(x
; z
)
+
d(z;
y)]
:
The pai
r (
X,
d) is
cal
le
d
a
b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace
. T
he
num
ber
s ≥
1 i
s call
ed
the
c
oeffici
ent
of
(
X,
d)
Def
ini
ti
on
1.2.
[4
]
Let
X
be
a
nonem
pty
set
.
A
f
un
ct
io
n
p:
X
×X→
[
0,
∞
)
is
cal
le
d
a
par
ti
al
m
et
ric
if
fo
r
al
l
x,
y, z
∈
X
t
he
f
ol
lowing c
onditi
on
s
are
sati
sfie
d:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary 2
019
:
6
57
–
6
64
658
(i) x = y i
f
a
nd
on
ly
if
p(x,
x)
= p(x
, y)
=
p(y,
y);
(ii) p(
x,
x) ≤
p(
x,
y
);
(iii
)
p(x
, y)
=
p(y,
x)
;
(iv) p(
x,
y)
≤ p
(x, z) +
p(
z
, y)
-
p(
z;
z
):
The pai
r (
X; d)
is cal
le
d
a
pa
rtia
l
m
et
ric sp
ace.
Rem
ark
1.3
A
pp
a
re
nt
the
pa
r
ti
al
m
e
tric
sp
ace
no
t
necessit
y
be
a
m
et
ric
sp
a
ces,
∵
i
n
a
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace
w
heth
e
r
v
=
w ,
⟹
d (
v, v) =
d (
v,
w
) =
d
(w,
w) =
0. in a
pa
rtia
l
m
e
tric
sp
ace i
f v
= w
⟹
p(v
,
v)
=
p(v
,
w
)
=
p(
w,
w
)
no
t
neces
sary
be
=
0.
The
nce
t
he
par
ti
al
m
et
ri
c
sp
ace
not
nec
essary
be
a
ь
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace.
So
t
he
el
se
dire
ct
ion
, Sh
ukla
[5] p
resse
d
the
conn
otati
on of
a p
a
rtia
l b
-
m
etr
ic
sp
ace
as
pu
rsu
e:
Def
ini
ti
on
1.4.
[
5]
If V
b
e
≠
∅
set
&
Ṥ
≥ 1
be
a
g
i
ven
ℝ
. fu
nctio
n
ь
:
×
→
[
0
,
∞
)
is
expressin
g
a
par
ti
al
b
–
m
et
ric
if
∀
v,
w
,
z
∈
V
the
fo
ll
owin
g
conditi
ons
are
convinc
e
d:
i:
v
=
w
⟺
P
ь
(v
,
v) = P
ь
(
v,
w) =
P
ь
(w,
w)
;
ii
: P
ь
(v
, v)
≤ P
ь
(v, w);
ii
i:
P
ь
(v
, w)
=
P
ь
(w,
v)
;
iv: P
ь
(
v,
w
)
≤
Ṥ [
P
ь
(
v,
z
)
+
P
ь
(z, w)
]
-
P
ь
(z
; z):
The (V;
P
ь
)
is
expressi
ng a
pa
rtia
l ь
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace.
Th
e
am
ount s
≥1 the
param
et
er is called
(V, P
ь
).
Rem
ark
1.5
.
The
ki
nd
of
pa
rtia
l
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace
(
V,
P
ь
)
is
the
m
os
t
ef
fec
ti
ve
w
ay
the
ki
nd
of
pa
rtia
l
m
et
ri
c
sp
ace
∵
a
par
ti
al
m
et
ric
sp
ace
is
a
co
nd
it
io
n
s
ha
pe
from
a
par
ti
al
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
a
ce.
(
V,
P
ь
)
w
hi
le
s
=
1.
Like
w
ise
,
the
kind
of
pa
rtia
l
b
-
m
et
ric
spa
ce
(
V,
P
ь
)
is
ef
fecti
ve
way
bi
gger
tha
n
the
kind
from
ь
-
m
et
ri
c
s
pace,
∵
a
ь
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace i
s a
priva
te
co
ndit
io
n
f
r
om
a p
arti
al
ь
-
m
et
ric sp
ace (
V,
P
ь
) wh
il
e th
e sam
e
–
area
p (v
;
v) =
0.
The
ne
xt
e
xa.
a
rtic
ulate
this
one
a
par
ti
al
ь
-
m
et
ric
on
V
re
qu
i
rem
ent
no
t
be
a
par
ti
al
m
e
tric
,
neither
a
b
-
m
et
ric o
n V,
look as
w
el
l [
14]
, [5].
Exa
m
ple 1
.6.
[
5]
Allo
we
d V
= [
0,1)
.
Real
iz
e a fu
nction
ь
:
×
→
[
0
,
∞
)
S.
T.
P
ь
(v
;
w
)
=
[m
ax.
{
v,
w}]
2
+
|v
–
w|
2
,
∀
v,
w
∈
V
there
f
or
(
V,
P
ь
)
is
a
par
ti
al
b
-
m
et
ric
m
e
tric
&
al
so
not
a
pa
rtia
l
m
et
ric to V
.
Def
ini
ti
on
1.7. [
14]
An
y
pa
rtia
l b
-
m
et
ric P
ь
is k
now
n
a
b
–
m
et
ric
ь
whoses
oev
e
r
ь
(
v,
w) =
2
P
ь
(
v;
w
)
–
P
ь
(
v,
v)
–
P
ь
(w,
w),
∀
v,
w
∈
V.
Def
ini
ti
on
1.8. [
14]
A
se
quen
ce {v
n
} i
n
a
pa
rtia
l b
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace
(V, P
ь
)
is
call
ed:
1
-
P
ь
–
c
onve
rg
e
nt for v
∈
V
if
li
m
→
∞
P
ь
(
v
,
)
=
P
ь
(
v
,
v
)
2
-
P
ь
–
Ca
uc
hy
seq
uen
ce
if
li
m
,
→
∞
P
ь
(
,
v
)
subsist
&is
finite
;
3
-
par
ti
al
b
-
m
et
ric
spa
ce
(V,
P
ь
)
becam
e
P
ь
–
com
plete
wh
et
he
r
∀
P
ь
–
Ca
uc
hy
s
equ
e
nce
{
v
n
}
i
n
V
is
P
ь
c
onve
rg
es
for v
∈
V, S.
T.
li
m
,
→
∞
P
ь
(
,
v
)
=
li
m
→
∞
P
ь
(
,
v
)
=
P
ь
(
v
,
v
)
Le
mma
1.9.
[
14]
A
seq
ue
nce {x
n
}
is
a P
b
-
Ca
uch
y
s
eq
ue
nce in
a p
arti
al
b
-
m
et
ric
sp
ace
(
X,
P
b
)
if
an
d
only
if
it
is a b
-
Ca
uc
hy s
equ
e
nce i
n
t
he b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace
(X
,
).
Le
mma
1.10.
[
14]
A
par
ti
al
b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace
(
X, P
b
)
is
P
b
-
c
om
ple
te
if a
nd
only
if
the
b
-
m
et
ric s
pace
(
X,
)
is
b
-
c
om
plete
. Mo
re
over,
li
m
,
→
∞
(
,
x
)
= 0
i
f
and
on
ly
if
li
m
,
→
∞
P
(
,
x
)
=
li
m
→
∞
P
(
,
x
)
=
P
(
x
,
x
)
Def
ini
ti
on
1.1
1
[
15]
:
A
&
S
two
sel
f
-
m
aps
f
ro
m
a
m
et
ric
sp
ace
(
V
,
d
)
are
desig
natio
n
we
akly
com
patible
if,
a
t
coincide
nce
po
ints th
os
e c
omm
ute .
Wh
ic
h,
in case
A
v
=
S
v
⇒
ASv =S
A
v
f
or v i
n V.
Pr
ese
ntly
w
e
dem
on
strat
e
our
essen
ti
al
outc
om
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An
alysis t
he
ore
m of uniq
ue
c
omm
on fi
xed
point f
or f
our
m
ap
s
base
d o
n p
ar
ti
al
…
(
Ba
n Mo
hamma
d H
a
san
)
659
2.
MA
I
N RES
U
LT
S
Theorem
:
2.1
:
aLet
(
,
ь
)
be
a
pa
rt
ia
l
ь
–
m
et
ric
s
pace
f
or
the
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
Ṥ
≥
1
,
co
nsi
gn
₳
,Ƀ
,Ҫ
,Ɖ
:
V→
V be
m
app
in
gs
a
ppr
opriat
e the
ne
xt
(2.1.
1)
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
)
≤
m
ax.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
,
₳
)
]
}
Wh
e
re
K
∈
[
0
,
1
Ṥ
)
,
∀
,
∈
(2.1.2
)
₳
(
)
⊆
Ɖ
(
)
,
Ƀ
(
)
⊆
Ҫ
(
)
(2.1.3
)
with
reg
a
rd to
Ҫ(V) or
Ɖ(
V
)
i
s co
m
plete
su
bspace
of V.
(2.1.4
)
the (₳; Ҫ
)
&(
Ƀ
, Ɖ)
a
re
weak
l
y com
patible
.
So
₳, Ƀ, Ҫ
&
Ɖ
incl
ud
e
uniq
ue
c
omm
on
f
ix
ed po
i
nt in V
Pro
of
:
Sele
ct
0
,
0
∈
. F
r
om
(
2.1.2
)
∃
, s
eq
uen
ces
{
}
&
{
}
in
V
s
.t.
₳
2
=
Ɖ
2
+
1
=
2
Ƀ
2
+
1
=
Ҫ
2
+
2
=
2
+
1
∀
n=
0,1,2,
3, …
…….
St
atus
: (i):
-
As
sume
2
=
2
+
1
for
s
om
e n
.
Clam
:
2
+
1
=
2
+
2
Supp.
2
+
1
≠
2
+
2
Fr
om
(
2.1
.1)
, t
hen
Ṥ
.
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
=
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
2
+
2
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
≤
k
m
ax.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
2
+
2
,
Ɖ
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
2
+
2
,
₳
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
2
+
1
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
₳
2
+
1
)
]
}
=k
m
ax.
{
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
]
}
=k
m
ax
{
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
,
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
,
2
+
2
)
]
}
=k
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
,
that i
s a
discre
pan
cy
.
∴
2
+
1
=
2
+
2
Stay
in
sam
e d
irect
ion we
ab
il
it
y rati
ocinate that
2
=
2
+
∴
{
2
}
a Cauc
hy se
quence in
V
St
atus
(
ii
)
:
-
≠
+
1
∀
n
.
Fr
om
(
2.1
.1),
c
on
si
der
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
2
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
≤
{
ь
(
Ҫ
2
,
Ɖ
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
2
,
₳
2
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
2
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
₳
2
)
]
}
=k
m
ax
{
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
,
2
)
]
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary 2
019
:
6
57
–
6
64
660
=k
m
ax
{
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
Ṥ
[
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
+
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
]
]
}
=k
m
ax
{
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
}
if
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
is
m
axi
m
u
m
, th
e
n
Ṥ
.
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
≤
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
wh
ic
h
im
plies
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
≤
Ṥ
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
<
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
wh
ic
h
is a
cont
rad
ic
ti
on.
Hen
ce
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
is
m
axim
u
m
.
So
that
Ṥ
.
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
≤
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
i
m
plies t
hat
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
≤
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
(1)
Pu
t
2
=
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
The
n
2
n
P
is dec
rea
sing seq
ue
nce
of no
n
-
neg
at
iv
e
ℝ
& m
us
t co
nverg
es
to som
e
ℝ
0
l
. (
say
)
Assum
e
l
> 0
Let
ti
ng
n
in
(1),
we ob
ta
in
k
l
e
l
l
s
Is
the
an
ti
nom
y.
⇒
l
= 0
.
S
o
n
lim
ь
(
w
2n
,
w
2n
+
1
)
=0
(2)
Hen
ce
for de
f.1.
4
n
lim
ь
(
2
,
2
)
=
0
(3)
Fr
om
(
2) a
nd (3) an
d by
def
in
it
ion
o
f
b
P
d
, we
ge
t
n
lim
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
=
0
.
Fo
r
m
,n
∈
with
m
> n
, w
e
ha
ve
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An
alysis t
he
ore
m of uniq
ue
c
omm
on fi
xed
point f
or f
our
m
ap
s
base
d o
n p
ar
ti
al
…
(
Ba
n Mo
hamma
d H
a
san
)
661
ь
(
2
,
2
)
≤
Ṥ
[
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
)
]
−
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
≤
Ṥ
.
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
+
Ṥ
2
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
2
)
+
⋯
+
Ṥ
2
−
2
ь
(
2
−
1
,
2
)
≤
Ṥ
.
2
+
1
Ṥ
2
+
1
ь
(
0
,
1
)
+
Ṥ
2
2
+
2
Ṥ
2
+
2
ь
(
0
,
1
)
+
⋯
+
Ṥ
2
−
2
2
Ṥ
2
ь
(
0
,
1
)
=
2
Ṥ
2
[
+
2
+
3
+
⋯
+
2
−
2
]
.
ь
(
0
,
1
)
As
1
0,
k
s
&
Ṥ
≥
1
,
it
foll
ow
s
fro
m
the a
bove
t
hen
m
n
,
l
i
m
ь
(
2
,
2
)
=
0
(4)
The
n
{
2
}
is a Ca
uc
hy se
qu
e
nce i
n V
Sam
e that we c
om
p
et
ence li
ke
wise e
vin
ce t
ha
t
{
2
+
1
}
is a Ca
uc
hy
seq
uen
ce
in V.
Subseque
ntly
{
2
}
is a Ca
uc
hy se
qu
e
nce i
n V.
Accor
ding to
L
e
m
m
a (1
.9) , w
e n
am
e it
{
2
}
is a
Ca
uch
y se
quen
ce in
(v,
ь
)
.
Suppose Ҫ
(
v)
i
s a c
om
plete
su
bs
pa
ce
of
V.
∵
{
2
+
1
}
is a Ca
uch
y
s
equ
e
nce i
n
c
om
ple
te
b
-
m
et
ri
c sp
ace
(
Ҫ(
v),
ь
)
.
This is a
foll
ow
-
up
{
2
+
1
}
co
nv
e
rges to
w
i
n Ɖ(V
).
S
o
,
lim
n
ь
(
2
+
1
,
)
=
0
So
m
e o
f w
∈
Ҫ
(
)
.
∃
∈
suc
h
that
Ҫ
∈
.
∵
{
2
+
1
}
i
s Cauc
hy se
quence
&
2
+
1
→
.
It foll
ows that
2
→
Accor
ding to
L
e
m
m
a (1
.10 )
& (4),
we poss
ess that
ь
(
,
)
=
,
lim
n
ь
(
2
,w)
=
,
lim
n
ь
2
+
1
,w
)
=
0
(5)
Her
e
w
e
ev
i
nc
e it
,
lim
n
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
=
ь
(
₳
,
)
∵
that de
f.
of
b
P
d
,
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
=
2
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
−
ь
(
₳
,
₳
)
−
ь
(
2
,
2
)
Acc
ordin
g
t
o def
. of
b
P
d
(
4)
&
(5),
we p
os
sess t
hat
ь
(
₳
,
)
=
n
lim
2
.
(
₳
,
2
)
i
m
plies t
hat
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary 2
019
:
6
57
–
6
64
662
,
lim
n
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
=
ь
(
₳
,
)
(6)
Fr
om
, d
e
f.
(
1.4
)
w
e
hav
e
ь
(
₳
,
)
≤
Ṥ
[
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
)
]
−
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
=
Ṥ
[
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
)
]
Allowi
ng
n
,
∴
ь
(
₳
,
)
≤
Ṥ
.
n
lim
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
=
n
lim
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
≤
n
lim
.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
₳
)
]
}
=
n
lim
k.
m
ax
{
ь
(
,
2
)
,
ь
(
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
,
₳
)
]
}
=k.
ь
(
₳
,
)
It is cle
ar t
hat
₳
=
=
Ҫ
.
∵
the p
ai
r
(
₳, Ҫ)
is a wea
kly co
m
pat
ible pair,
we ho
l
d
₳
w
=Ҫ w
Her
e
w
e
d
em
on
strat
e that
.₳
w=w.
Co
ns
i
der
ь
(
₳
,
)
≤
Ṥ
[
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
)
]
−
ь
(
2
+
1
,
2
+
1
)
≤
Ṥ
[
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
2
+
1
,
)
]
Allowi
ng
n
,
∴
ь
(
₳
,
)
≤
Ṥ
.
n
lim
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
≤
n
lim
.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
2
+
1
)
,
ь
(
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
2
+
1
,
₳
)
]
}
q
=
n
lim
k.
m
ax
{
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
,
ь
(
₳
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
2
,
2
+
1
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
₳
,
2
+
1
)
+
ь
(
₳
,
2
)
]
}
=
ь
(
₳
,
)
.
It is cle
ar t
hat
₳w
=
w .
w
is
com
m
on
fixe
d po
i
nt of
₳
&
Ҫ.
Since,
₳
(
)
⊆
Ɖ
(
)
we ha
ve
that w
=
₳w =
Ɖ
,
∀
∈
.
Fr
om
(
2.1
.
1),
⟹
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
)
≤
k.
m
ax
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
,
₳
)
]
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
An
alysis t
he
ore
m of uniq
ue
c
omm
on fi
xed
point f
or f
our
m
ap
s
base
d o
n p
ar
ti
al
…
(
Ba
n Mo
hamma
d H
a
san
)
663
= k
.
m
ax
{
ь
(
,
)
,
ь
(
,
)
,
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
,
)
]
}
=
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
It appare
nt t
his
Ƀ
=
=
Ɖ
.
∵
(Ƀ, Ɖ)
is
w
ea
kl
y com
patible
, so
t
hat
Ƀ
=
Ɖ
.
Ag
ai
n (2.1
.1)
,
⟹
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
)
≤
k.
m
ax.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
,
₳
)
]
}
= k. m
ax
{
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
,
ь
(
,
)
,
ь
(
Ƀ
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
]
}
=
ь
(
,
Ƀ
)
It is cle
ar
t
hat
=
Ƀ
=
Ɖ
.
w
is com
m
on
fixe
d po
i
nt of
₳,
Ƀ,
Ҫ &
Ɖ.
Now
we
dem
on
strat
e
t
hat
w
is
uni
qu
e
c
omm
on
fixe
d
poi
nt
in
V.
Let
us
ass
um
e
z
is
oth
er
c
omm
on
fixe
d po
i
nt of
₳,
Ƀ,Ҫ
&
Ɖ.
Cl
aim
:
=
.
Fr
om
(
2.1
.1),
⟹
Ṥ
.
ь
(
,
)
≤
Ṥ
.
ь
(
₳
,
Ƀ
)
≤
.
{
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
)
,
ь
(
Ҫ
,
₳
)
,
ь
(
Ɖ
,
Ƀ
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
Ҫ
,
Ƀ
)
+
ь
(
Ɖ
,
₳
)
]
}
=k.
m
ax
{
ь
(
,
)
,
ь
(
,
)
,
ь
(
,
)
,
1
2
Ṥ
[
ь
(
,
)
+
ь
(
,
)
]
}
≤
.
ь
(
,
)
.
It is cl
ear t
hat
=
.
Hen
ce
w
is
the
un
i
qu
e
com
m
on
fi
xed
point
of
₳,
Ƀ,
Ҫ
&
Ɖ
.
T
he
ne
xt
e
xam
pl
e
Cl
ear
up
ou
r
su
bst
antia
l
The
or
em
2
.1.
Exa
m
ple
2.2
:
Au
t
horize
=
[
0
,
1
)
be p
arti
al
b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace
with.
ь
:
×
→
[
0
,
∞
)
reali
ze b
ь
(
,
)
=
[
.
{
,
}
]
2
,
∀
,
∈
.
Cl
early
(
,
ь
)
is pa
rtia
l b
-
m
et
ric sp
ace wit
h
Ṥ
=2
.
Re
al
iz
e the m
a
pp
i
ng
₳
,
Ƀ
,
Ҫ
,
Ɖ
:
→
by
a.
₳
(
)
=
2
2
√
1
+
,
Ƀ
(
)
=
2
4
√
1
+
b.
Ҫ
(
)
=
2
,
Ɖ
(
)
=
2
.
So
₳
, Ƀ
, Ҫ
&
Ɖ
co
ntent
with
e
ver
y
sti
pu
la
ti
on
of
t
heorem
(
2.1)
&
0 i
s
the
un
i
qu
e
fixe
d
point
of
₳
,
Ƀ
,
Ҫ &
Ɖ
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
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on
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–
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64
664
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