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1.
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[
1
]
.
P
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(
P
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an
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ev
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[2
-
5]
.
P
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p
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6
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.
I
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9]
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an
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et
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u
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[
1
2
-
16]
.
Ultr
aso
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e
n
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
i
n
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
te
g
r
ate
d
C
ir
cu
i
ts
(
I
C
)
,
th
e
ter
m
o
p
er
atio
n
al
a
m
p
lifie
r
s
o
r
o
p
a
m
p
co
m
e
s
i
n
to
t
h
e
li
m
eli
g
h
t.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
o
p
a
m
p
is
u
s
ed
as
a
b
asi
s
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
P
ar
tial
Di
s
c
h
ar
g
e
Dete
ctio
n
(
P
DD)
d
ev
ice.
Hen
ce
,
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
PD
D
d
ev
ice,
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
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alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
to
d
etec
t P
D
o
n
m
ed
i
u
m
v
o
lta
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e
XL
P
E
ca
b
le
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
iz
ed
P
DD
d
ev
ice
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
P
D
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
co
m
p
r
i
s
es
a
n
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
as
a
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
ele
m
e
n
t
to
d
etec
t
th
e
ac
o
u
s
ti
c
s
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
es
o
f
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
4
0
k
Hz
an
d
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
i
s
o
f
u
t
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
to
ad
h
er
e
to
t
h
e
m
etic
u
lo
u
s
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
r
ec
eiv
er
cir
cu
it,
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
it
s
el
f
is
o
f
a
n
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice.
T
h
is
r
ec
ei
v
er
cir
cu
it
s
h
o
u
ld
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
a
t
h
r
ee
-
s
tep
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
to
d
etec
t
t
h
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
D
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
g
o
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
a
m
p
li
f
ier
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
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to
d
if
f
er
en
t
ia
te
an
d
a
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
co
llected
s
ig
n
al
th
a
t
v
ar
ies
with
a
g
ai
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ied
s
i
g
n
al
to
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
r
em
o
v
e
lo
w
er
u
n
w
a
n
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
o
r
n
o
is
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
i
lter
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
b
y
a
n
o
s
cill
o
s
co
p
e.
Sp
ea
k
in
g
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
,
a
n
o
p
a
m
p
is
a
d
ev
ice
co
n
tai
n
in
g
a
cir
cu
it
t
h
at
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
s
,
r
esis
to
r
s
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
d
io
d
es.
I
t
ty
p
icall
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
b
ip
o
la
r
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
b
o
th
+V
s
a
n
d
–
Vs
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
cu
s
to
m
P
DD
d
e
v
ice
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
u
s
in
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial
a
m
p
lif
ier
s
a
n
d
h
ig
h
p
as
s
f
ilter
.
An
id
ea
l
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l
a
m
p
li
f
ier
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
at
is
s
o
m
e
g
ai
n
ti
m
es
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
(
)
(
1
)
A
i
s
th
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d
i
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n
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d
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w
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if
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tial a
m
p
lifie
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d
it is
as s
h
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w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
. C
ir
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ia
g
r
a
m
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f
a
d
if
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e
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tial a
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am
p
li
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ier
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h
e
w
h
o
le
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
as
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial
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m
p
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f
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in
o
r
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er
to
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et
th
e
V
out
is
a
s
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
8
6
-
8
9
4
888
(
)
(
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2
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T
h
e
s
ec
o
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f
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t
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o
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h
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u
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ter
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ted
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to
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s
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On
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e
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ch
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m
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tl
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i
n
to
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d
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.
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h
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ted
d
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is
n
o
t
i
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an
o
r
d
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ly
m
a
n
n
er
,
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o
r
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f
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s
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d
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o
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er
to
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t
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e
f
i
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n
.
R
at
s
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est
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in
o
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s
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le
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e
ctio
n
s
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et
w
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n
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
.
T
h
e
R
ats
n
est
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tio
n
tab
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
th
e
w
ir
e
s
’
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
a
n
d
it
cr
ea
ted
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
r
o
u
te,
f
o
r
th
e
b
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
esig
n
.
O
n
l
y
o
n
e
la
y
er
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
P
C
B
d
esi
g
n
.
Ne
x
t
s
t
ep
is
to
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
P
a
r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
e
d
etec
tio
n
d
e
vice
u
s
in
g
u
ltr
a
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
o
n
med
iu
m
vo
lta
g
e
X
LPE
ca
b
le
(
I
F
R
a
d
z
i
)
889
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
C
B
d
esig
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
a
k
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
it
s
i
n
n
ice
l
y
o
n
to
th
e
P
C
B
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
f
i
n
is
h
e
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
P
DD
s
en
s
o
r
w
ill
b
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
i
n
al
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
P
C
B
d
iag
r
a
m
.
No
te
th
at
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ca
n
s
till
b
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
i
f
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
ev
ice
is
to
b
e
am
e
n
d
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
w
as
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
er
e
s
o
ld
er
ed
at
a
f
ab
r
icatio
n
co
m
p
an
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
ev
ice
w
h
ich
i
s
r
ea
d
y
to
b
e
test
ed
f
o
r
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
it
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
d
ev
ice
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
P
DD
d
ev
ice
th
a
t is r
ea
d
y
to
b
e
test
ed
f
o
r
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
M
E
ASURE
M
E
NT
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
d
etai
ls
of
t
h
e
ar
tif
ic
ial
P
D
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
also
th
e
s
e
tu
p
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
u
s
ed
in
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
n
g
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
P
D
s
ig
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
HF
C
T
an
d
th
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
o
r
cu
s
to
m
P
DD
s
en
s
o
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
P
D
s
ig
n
a
ls
b
y
th
e
H
FC
T
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
e
ar
th
b
r
aid
o
f
ca
b
le
j
o
in
t
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
an
al
y
s
i
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
An
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
i
n
th
e
T
NB
R
esear
ch
Sd
n
.
B
h
d
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
to
s
i
m
u
late
v
o
id
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
in
s
id
e
a
ca
b
le.
Vo
id
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
th
at
h
as
1
.
1
5
m
m
d
ep
th
a
n
d
2
.
9
3
m
m
w
id
t
h
w
as
g
en
er
ated
ar
ti
f
icial
l
y
in
t
h
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
h
ic
h
th
e
n
w
as
u
s
ed
to
lo
ca
t
e
n
ea
r
to
in
s
u
latio
n
s
cr
ee
n
o
f
XL
P
E
ca
b
le
as
in
p
u
t
d
ata.
Vo
id
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
ac
t
iv
it
y
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
w
it
h
in
a
p
o
w
er
lin
e
ca
b
le.
Vo
id
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
d
u
e
to
d
ef
ec
ts
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
ca
v
i
ties
t
h
at
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
s
id
e
an
elec
tr
ical
i
n
s
u
latio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
d
ef
ec
ts
in
s
id
e
a
ca
b
le
ten
d
to
ap
p
ea
r
d
u
e
to
p
o
o
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
im
p
r
o
p
er
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le.
W
h
en
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
al
in
g
to
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
i
n
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
lta
g
e
is
ap
p
lied
,
v
o
id
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
s
tar
t
to
o
cc
u
r
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
ca
b
le
an
d
P
D
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
av
el
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
ca
b
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
v
ia
th
e
HF
C
T
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
A
T
eled
y
n
e
L
ec
r
o
y
d
ig
ita
l
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
w
i
th
a
s
a
m
p
lin
g
r
at
e
s
et
to
2
.
5
G
Ss
-
1
an
d
a
b
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
5
0
0
M
Hz
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
d
ata
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
C
h
an
n
el
1
o
f
t
h
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
HF
C
T
s
en
s
o
r
u
n
i
t
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
as
co
n
n
e
cted
to
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
2
.
T
h
e
tr
ig
g
er
o
n
t
h
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
w
as
s
et
in
p
h
ase
to
th
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
HF
C
T
s
en
s
o
r
w
as t
h
e
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
w
ith
t
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
.
4.
P
ARTI
A
L
D
I
SCH
AR
G
E
E
XT
RAC
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
co
n
v
er
ter
w
as
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
s
to
r
ed
d
ata
in
to
Ma
tlab
f
ile
s
f
o
r
m
at
(
.
m
a
t)
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
al
y
s
e
s
an
d
th
i
s
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
th
e
in
itial
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
s
tag
e.
T
o
allo
w
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
t
h
e
DC
o
f
f
s
et
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
a
w
d
ata.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
a
DC
o
f
f
s
e
t
w
a
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
atio
n
h
ar
d
w
ar
e.
T
h
is
w
as
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
t
h
e
m
ea
n
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
tire
c
y
cle
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
a
m
p
le
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
it
e
x
h
ib
it
s
a
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
.
Fo
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
es,
it
is
o
f
u
t
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ex
tr
ac
t
P
D
p
u
ls
e
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
es
af
f
ec
t
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
D
p
u
l
s
es.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
s
w
er
e
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
in
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
w
h
ich
h
av
e
a
lo
w
n
o
is
e
le
v
el,
an
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
e
-
n
o
is
e
th
e
r
a
w
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
tr
ac
t
t
h
e
P
D
p
u
ls
e
s
,
a
m
et
h
o
d
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
h
ar
d
-
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
[
1
9
]
w
a
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
a
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
p
ea
k
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
on
t
o
th
e
r
a
w
d
a
ta,
tr
an
s
f
er
r
i
n
g
ea
c
h
p
u
ls
e
i
n
t
o
a
n
e
w
v
ar
iab
le
m
atr
i
x
,
r
ep
lacin
g
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
p
u
ls
e
w
it
h
a
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
ea
k
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
m
a
in
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
r
a
w
d
ata
is
s
m
aller
t
h
a
n
a
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e
,
th
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
as
r
ep
ea
ted
s
e
v
er
al
ti
m
e
s
.
W
ith
th
i
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
8
6
-
8
9
4
890
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
P
D
p
u
ls
e
s
ca
n
b
e
is
o
lated
f
r
o
m
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e.
I
d
en
t
if
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e
v
ia
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
lo
t
o
f
r
a
w
d
ata
w
h
ic
h
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e
lev
el
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
e
f
o
r
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ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
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e
tti
n
g
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s
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ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2502
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4752
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J
E
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n
g
&
C
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p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
8
6
-
8
9
4
892
T
h
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au
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h
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o
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lab
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ac
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Sp
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RE
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NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
T
z
i
m
a
s,
S
.
Ro
w
lan
d
,
L
.
A
.
Di
ss
a
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o
,
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.
F
u
&
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Nilsso
n
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,
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Eff
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tri
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le
in
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n
m
a
teria
l,
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EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Die
lec
tr.
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tr.
In
su
l.
,
v
o
l.
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p
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1
4
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4
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,
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0
0
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.
[2
]
I.
S
e
o
,
U
.
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
J.
Hw
a
n
g
,
J.
L
e
e
&
J.
Ko
o
.
,
"
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n
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lati
o
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n
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ti
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b
l
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,
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T
ra
n
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p
l
.
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,
v
o
l.
2
5
(
3
),
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
A
.
R.
M
o
r,
P
.
H.
F
.
M
o
rs
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u
is,
P
.
L
lo
v
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ra
,
V
.
F
u
ste
r
&
A
.
Qu
ij
a
n
o
.
,
"
L
o
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li
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a
ti
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tec
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c
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c
a
b
le
m
e
a
s
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re
m
e
n
ts,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Die
lec
tr
.
El
e
c
tr.
In
su
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
(
1
),
p
p
.
4
2
8
-
4
3
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
N.
H.
Nik
A
li
,
M
.
G
ian
n
a
k
o
u
,
R.
D.
Nim
m
o
,
P
.
Ra
p
isa
rd
a
&
P
.
L
.
L
e
w
in
.
,
"
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ss
if
ica
ti
o
n
a
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d
L
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a
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sa
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f
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lt
ip
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Pa
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Disc
h
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r
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s
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Hig
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ra
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o
rm
e
r
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in
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in
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,"
in
IEE
E
El
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c
t
rica
l
In
su
latio
n
Co
n
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n
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e
(EI
C)
,
p
p
.
5
1
9
-
5
2
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Y.
O.
S
h
a
k
e
r
., "
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
p
a
rti
a
l
d
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h
a
rg
e
a
c
o
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stic
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m
is
sio
n
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p
o
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r
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r,
"
In
t.
J
.
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e
c
tr.
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mp
u
t.
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n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
9
(
6
),
p
p
.
4
5
7
3
-
4
5
7
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
F
.
H.
Kre
u
g
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r,
Disc
h
a
r
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e
De
tec
ti
o
n
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n
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g
h
Vo
lt
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g
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me
n
t
.
1
9
6
4
.
[7
]
Ele
c
tro
tec
h
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-
se
c
to
r
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c
o
m
m
it
e
e
,
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tag
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tec
h
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q
u
e
s
–
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a
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l
d
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h
a
rg
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m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
"
Br.
S
ta
n
d
.
Bo
a
rd
,
2
0
0
0
.
[8
]
B.
F
ru
t
h
a
n
d
L
.
Nie
m
e
y
e
r
,
"
T
h
e
im
p
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
st
a
ti
stica
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teris
ti
c
s
o
f
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
d
a
ta,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
El
e
c
tr.
In
su
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
(
1
),
p
p
.
6
0
-
6
9
,
1
9
9
2
.
[9
]
E.
G
u
lsk
i,
"
Dig
it
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
p
a
r
ti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s,"
Die
lec
tr.
El
e
c
tr.
In
su
l.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
,
v
o
l.
2
(
5
),
p
p
.
8
2
2
-
8
3
7
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
0
]
G
.
M
a
,
C.
L
i,
X
.
Ch
e
n
,
J
.
Jia
n
g
,
Z.
G
e
&
W
.
Ch
a
n
g
.
,
"
Nu
m
e
rica
l
se
n
so
r
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
p
a
rti
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l
d
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r
g
e
d
e
tec
ti
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n
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
le j
o
in
t
,
"
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E
T
r
a
n
s.
Die
lec
tr.
El
e
c
tr.
In
su
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
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4
)
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
1
-
2
3
1
9
,
2
0
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5
.
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1
]
Z.
A
h
m
e
d
,
G
.
A
.
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ss
a
in
,
M
.
L
e
h
to
n
e
n
,
L
.
V
a
ra
c
k
a
&
J.
Ku
d
e
lcik
.
,
"
An
a
lys
is
o
f
p
a
rt
ia
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
sig
n
a
ls
in
me
d
iu
m
v
o
lt
a
g
e
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PE
c
a
b
les
,"
in
2
0
1
6
1
7
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
t
if
ic
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
we
r
En
g
in
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rin
g
(EP
E)
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
M
.
V
a
k
il
ia
n
,
T
.
R.
Blac
k
b
u
r
n
,
R
.
E.
Ja
m
e
s
&
B.
T
.
P
h
u
n
g
.
,
"
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
lay
e
r
a
s
a
n
a
tt
ra
c
ti
v
e
P
D
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
se
n
so
r
o
f
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
les
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Die
lec
tr.
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
su
l
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
(
4
),
p
p
.
8
8
5
-
8
9
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
A.
Ca
v
a
ll
in
i,
G
.
C.
M
o
n
tan
a
ri
&
F
.
P
u
letti
.
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
m
e
th
o
d
to
lo
c
a
te
P
D
in
p
o
ly
m
e
ric
c
a
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
A
F
)
m
a
p
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Die
lec
tr.
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l.
,
v
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l.
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[1
4
]
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.
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.
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.
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&
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.
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.
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.
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rb
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i
.
,
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te p
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n
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.
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5
]
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.
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6
]
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.
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o
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.
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.
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u
st
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.
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ij
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ra
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l
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p
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3
.
[1
7
]
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D.
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h
n
so
n
,
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tro
l
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me
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ta
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y
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.
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0
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4
.
[1
8
]
M
.
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.
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M
.
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.
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rif
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.
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.
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m
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n
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,
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ly
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lato
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n
t.
J
.
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c
tr.
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o
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l.
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p
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0
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7
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[1
9
]
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tav
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lt
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id
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ti
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a
ta
,"
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n
n
u
.
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p
.
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n
f
.
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tr.
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su
l.
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m
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p
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1
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ti
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it
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e
sig
n
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ls,
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IEE
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s.
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lec
tr.
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tr.
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n
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l.
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p
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3
3
5
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3
4
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,
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n
2
0
0
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.
[2
2
]
N.
H.
Nik
A
li
,
J.
A
.
Hu
n
ter,
P
.
R
a
p
isa
rd
a
&
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L
.
L
e
w
in
.
,
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in
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r W
in
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,"
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Co
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f
.
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n
su
l
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e
lec
tr.
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h
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m
.
,
p
p
.
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8
8
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0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
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H.
Nik
A
li
,
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.
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h
m
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ter,
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l.
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.
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p
p
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4
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7
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0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
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.
M
a
,
C.
Z
h
o
u
&
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J.
Ke
m
p
., "
In
terp
re
tatio
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n
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it
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e
tec
ti
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ra
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tr.
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n
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p
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0
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.
[2
5
]
S
.
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riram
,
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.
Niti
n
,
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M
.
M
.
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ra
b
h
u
&
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.
J.
Ba
stiaa
n
s
.
,
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tr.
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tr.
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su
l.
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p
.
1
1
8
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-
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1
9
1
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
6
]
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.
Zh
o
u
,
C.
Z
h
o
u
&
I.
J.
Ke
m
p
.
,
"
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n
im
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ro
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m
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th
o
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sfo
rm
to
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rti
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h
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rg
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m
e
a
su
re
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o
isin
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ra
n
s.
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lec
tr.
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tr.
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n
su
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l.
1
2
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p
.
5
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0
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.
[2
7
]
A
.
Z.
A
b
d
u
ll
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h
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t
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l.
,
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W
a
v
e
let
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a
se
d
d
e
-
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t
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n
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l,
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In
d
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s.
J
.
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tr.
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.
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l.
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(
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p
.
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5
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-
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6
6
,
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0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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B.
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e
c
tri
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r,
in
Un
iv
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rsiti
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a
g
a
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a
sio
n
a
l
(UN
IT
EN).
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sta
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h
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e
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re
e
in
V
irg
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ia
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o
ly
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n
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tate
U
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rsity
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th
e
Un
it
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d
S
tate
s
o
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rica
b
a
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k
in
2
0
1
4
.
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c
o
m
p
lete
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h
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in
tern
sh
ip
i
n
T
NB
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
d
n
.
Bh
d
re
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e
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tl
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a
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d
is
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rg
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p
ro
jec
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h
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p
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ro
f
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Dr
.
A
z
ru
l
b
in
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o
h
d
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riff
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).
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Ha
k
i
m
i
Nik
A
li
w
a
s
b
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rn
in
M
a
la
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in
1
9
9
0
.
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re
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d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
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P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(F
irst
Clas
s
Ho
n
o
rs)
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
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rsiti
T
e
n
a
g
a
Na
sio
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a
l
(UN
IT
EN),
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
3
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
El
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tro
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a
n
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En
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f
ro
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th
e
Un
iv
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rsity
o
f
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o
u
th
a
m
p
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,
UK
in
2
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1
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w
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rk
e
d
a
s
a
Re
se
a
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h
F
e
ll
o
w
in
S
c
h
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o
f
El
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c
tro
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a
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d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
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in
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f
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th
a
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p
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ro
m
2
0
1
8
to
2
0
1
9
.
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h
e
is
a
P
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-
d
o
c
to
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l
R
e
se
a
rc
h
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r
in
In
stit
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te
o
f
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o
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e
r
En
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in
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g
(I
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i
n
UN
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EN,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
is
a
lso
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
m
e
m
b
e
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o
f
Bo
a
rd
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f
E
n
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in
e
e
rs
M
a
la
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(BEM
).
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re
se
a
r
c
h
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a
re
w
it
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th
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ig
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e
s
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
a
b
les
a
n
d
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rs,
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
HV
i
n
su
lat
io
n
/d
iele
c
tri
c
m
a
teria
ls,
tra
n
sf
o
rm
e
r
ra
ti
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
e
d
sig
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
No
rh
i
d
a
y
u
R
a
m
e
li
wa
s
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
w
it
h
B.
En
g
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
in
2
0
1
0
.
In
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
2
0
1
7
,
sh
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
stu
d
ies
in
M
S
c
a
n
d
P
h
D,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
Du
ri
n
g
M
S
c
a
n
d
P
h
D
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
d
,
sh
e
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
tu
to
ri
n
g
c
o
u
rse
s in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
lab
a
ra
to
r
y
,
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Circu
it
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
w
it
h
l
o
c
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
sh
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
in
T
NB
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
d
n
Bh
d
a
s a re
se
a
rc
h
e
r.
A
z
ru
l
M
o
h
d
A
riff
in
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
8
1
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
E
n
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(F
irst
Clas
s Ho
n
o
rs) f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
S
o
u
th
a
m
p
to
n
,
UK
in
2
0
0
4
.
He
th
e
n
p
u
rsu
e
d
h
is
d
o
c
t
o
ra
te
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
wa
s
a
w
a
rd
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
0
8
.
His
th
e
sis
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
th
e
e
lec
tro
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
in
in
s
u
lati
n
g
p
o
ly
m
e
rs
su
b
jec
ted
h
ig
h
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iat
e
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
n
d
th
e
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
P
r
o
g
ra
m
m
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
O
ff
ice
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
n
a
g
a
N
a
sio
n
a
l
(UN
IT
EN),
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
is
a
lso
a
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
(
P
.
En
g
)
re
g
istere
d
w
it
h
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs,
M
a
lay
si
a
(BEM
).
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
S
a
fwa
n
A
b
d
Ra
h
m
a
n
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
r
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
o
f
S
o
u
th
a
m
p
to
n
,
Un
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
in
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
n
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
(UN
IT
EN),
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
Hi
g
h
V
o
l
tag
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
o
w
e
r
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rs
&
Ca
b
les
,
P
a
rti
a
l
Disc
h
a
rg
e
stu
d
ies
,
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
stu
d
ies
,
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
S
tr
e
ss
stu
d
ies
,
S
tatisti
c
a
l
P
a
tt
e
rn
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
F
in
it
e
El
e
m
e
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
u
sin
g
CF
D
&
El
e
c
tro
s
tatic
M
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
I
n
su
latio
n
Co
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
.
He
h
a
d
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
v
a
rio
u
s
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
c
o
n
su
lt
a
n
c
y
w
o
rk
s
sin
c
e
jo
in
in
g
UN
IT
EN
in
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
su
p
e
rv
isin
g
tw
o
P
h
.
D
c
a
n
d
id
a
te
s,
1
M
a
ste
r
c
a
n
d
i
d
a
te
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
stu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
a
re
w
o
rk
in
g
in
v
a
rio
u
s
f
ield
s
in
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
.
He
is
a
lso
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
He
a
lt
h
(OSH)
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
OSH
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UN
IT
EN
w
h
ich
h
a
n
d
l
in
g
sa
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
p
o
li
c
ies
.
H
e
is
a
lso
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
a
n
d
Die
lec
tri
c
s
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
In
su
lati
o
n
S
o
c
iety
(DEIS
),
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(IE
T
),
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
M
a
la
y
si
a
n
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
N
e
t
w
o
rk
(M
y
HV
n
e
t)
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
stit
u
te
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(I
P
E),
UN
IT
EN.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
8
6
-
8
9
4
894
Dr.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Ra
d
z
i
A
h
m
a
d
re
c
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iv
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d
h
is
BS
c
.
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
f
ro
m
P
u
r
d
u
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
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rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
In
d
ian
a
p
o
li
s
USA
in
1
9
9
1
,
M
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
y
ste
m
De
sig
n
En
g
in
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rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
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rsiti
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a
in
s
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a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
0
,
a
n
d
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h
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i
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lec
tri
c
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l
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n
d
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c
tro
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ics
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g
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n
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ro
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n
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e
k
n
o
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a
lay
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in
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0
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.
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jo
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n
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d
Un
iv
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rsiti
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e
k
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o
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i
P
ET
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S
in
2
0
1
6
,
w
h
e
re
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
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e
c
tu
re
r
in
t
h
e
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c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
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rin
g
De
p
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rtme
n
t.
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r
io
r
t
o
jo
i
n
in
g
UT
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Ra
d
z
i
h
a
d
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0
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a
rs
o
f
p
ro
f
e
s
sio
n
a
l
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
w
it
h
e
lec
tro
n
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in
d
u
stries
su
c
h
a
s
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tel,
A
v
a
g
o
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tern
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it
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irch
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ra
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M
sc
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n
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o
m
p
u
ter
a
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d
M
icro
e
lec
tro
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ics
sy
s
te
m
f
ro
m
Un
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rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
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i
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
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5
.
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jo
in
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d
I
n
tel
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ic
sy
st
e
m
a
s
A
n
a
l
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o
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li
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ti
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n
,
S
o
C
HW
V
a
li
d
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ti
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n
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IOT
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M
a
c
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g
a
n
d
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rn
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g
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n
e
e
r
fro
m
2
0
0
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u
n
ti
l
2
0
1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.