TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 15, No. 1, July 2015, p
p
. 191 ~ 19
6
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
15i1.718
7
191
Re
cei
v
ed
No
vem
ber 2, 20
14; Re
vised Janua
ry 2
6
20
15; Accepted
February 15,
2015
Simple Method for Non Contact Thickness Gauge using
Ultrasonic Sensor and Android Smartphone
Anif Jamalu
ddin*, Fita Listiana, D
w
i
T
e
guh Rahard
jo, Lita Rah
m
asari,
De
w
a
nto Har
j
uno
w
i
bo
w
o
Ph
y
s
ics Educ
a
t
ion Progr
am, Sebe
las Maret
Univers
i
t
y
, Ind
ones
ia
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Indones
ia
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: elha
nif@u
n
s.ac.id
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he ai
m of this researc
h
is to devel
op si
mple
meth
od for
non co
ntact thickn
ess ga
ug
e usin
g
ultrasonic sens
or and andr
oid
sm
artphone. This system
is c
onstruc
ted
using ultras
onic s
e
nsor HY-SRF05,
micr
ocontr
o
ll
er
AT
MEGA328,
bl
uetoot
h
mo
dul
e a
n
d
an
dr
oid
smartph
o
n
e
. Ultras
onic
sensor
trans
mits
ultraso
n
ic pu
ls
es in the form
of w
a
ves and reciev
es
back the pu
lses after
the w
a
ves are reflected by a
n
obj
ect. T
he ti
me
d
u
ratio
n
o
f
ultraso
n
ic
be
tw
een tr
a
n
smition
an
d r
e
ce
ption
is c
a
lc
ul
ated
as
distan
c
e
betw
een s
enso
r
and s
a
mpl
e
. T
he metho
d
of
for thickness
me
asur
e
m
ent
adh
ere sa
mpl
e
on h
o
ld
er i
n
fron
t
of ultras
onic
s
ensor. T
h
e T
h
ickness
meas
ure
m
e
n
t
of s
a
mp
le
is c
a
lcu
l
ated
bas
e o
n
distanc
e
beet
w
e
n
sensor
to h
o
l
d
er (fixe
d
b
a
rrie
r) a
nd s
a
mpl
e
to se
ns
or. T
h
e
z
e
r
o
p
o
siti
on
of
me
asure
m
ent is
dista
n
ce
o
f
sensor t
o
h
o
ld
er. T
he d
a
ta
o
f
thickness
is
sent
via
bl
ueto
o
th a
nd r
e
ceiv
ed by
the
And
r
oid
ap
plic
atio
n
.
Andro
i
d Ap
plic
ation us
es to displ
a
y
meas
ur
ement is
d
e
sig
ned b
a
se
on M
I
T
App Invento
r
for Androi
d (AIA)
platfor
m
. T
he me
asur
e
m
ent r
e
sults show
a
fairly hi
gh d
egr
ee of accuracy
is 99.97
8%.
Ke
y
w
ords
: AT
Mega
328, u
l
tra
s
onic se
nsor H
Y
-SRF
05,
blu
e
t
ooth modu
le,
Andro
i
d, App I
n
ventor
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
The aim of this re
se
arch
is to develop non cont
act thickne
ss gauge u
s
in
g simple
method. It can ap
plicate
d
on o
n
mo
bile data
acquisitio
n
u
s
in
g and
roid
smartph
one
s.
The
resea
r
ch is developm
e
n
t from
co
mmon a
nalo
g
into digit
a
l thickne
ss gaug
e (cal
liper,
micromete
r).
In an
anal
og
thickne
s
s g
a
uge
(callipe
r
, microm
ete
r),
the me
asure
m
ent results
sho
u
ld
con
s
id
er re
a
d
ing erro
rs (parall
a
x) whi
c
h can be
o
ne of the ca
use
s
of t
he inaccu
ra
cie
s
in the
measurement
re
sults.
The
difficulty in u
s
ing
an
alog t
h
ickne
s
s me
asu
r
em
ent
can b
e
solved
by
developing a digital measurem
ent. But, the digita
l t
h
ickness instrument
still has a weakness,
whe
n
it used
to measu
r
e el
astis o
b
je
cts that
the sha
p
e
are ea
sy to chang
e wh
en
pre
s
sed.
The non
con
t
act thickne
s
s gau
ge met
hod is p
r
op
o
s
ed to solve
the problem
. On the
resea
r
ch p
r
o
poses
de
sign
usin
g ultrasonic
se
ns
or.
The ultrasoni
c sen
s
o
r
is o
ne of the
mo
st
accurate sen
s
or
for non conta
c
t
di
sta
n
ce mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent [1]. Th
e novelty of
our
re
sea
r
ch
is
modifying distance m
e
a
s
u
r
eme
n
t to thickne
ss g
aug
e. In addition
, the result o
f
gauge can
be
displ
a
yed on
mobile ph
one
.
The
Ultra
s
o
n
i
c
sen
s
o
r
tran
smits ultra
s
o
n
ic
pul
se
s in
the fo
rm
of
wave
s a
nd
recieve
s
back th
e pul
se
s after the
wave
s
refle
c
ted by obj
ect
.
Microcontrol
l
er ATm
ega
3
28
with a
r
dui
no
platform i
s
chosen
be
cau
s
e it i
s
easy
to u
s
e
so t
hat the
emp
hasi
s
on effi
cien
cy a
nd
cost
effec
t
ivenes
s
[2]. The Wireless
communic
a
tion fo
r transmi
ssion d
a
ta from microco
n
trolle
r uses
bluetooth
co
mmuni
cation.
It is chosen
beca
u
se it is sim
p
ler th
a
n
GSM com
m
unication a
nd
requi
re le
ss p
o
we
r than Wi
-Fi. Bluetooth
has wi
rele
ss techn
o
logy wi
th a short
-ra
n
ge ope
rating
at
2.4 GHz, and
relatively ch
eape
r [2, 3]. The firs
t
step
for desi
gn of
non conta
c
t thickne
ss g
a
uge
method i
s
se
tting zero po
sition a
s
dist
ance betwee
n
ultra
s
oni
c
sen
s
o
r
and
h
o
lder.
When
the
obje
c
t wa
s a
dhered o
n
h
o
lder i
n
front
of ultrasoni
c
sen
s
o
r
, micro
c
ontrolle
r cal
c
ulate
d
dista
n
ce
betwe
en sen
s
or a
nd sam
p
le. The thickne
s
s of obj
e
c
t is dista
n
ce
betwee
n
se
nso
r
-hold
e
r (zero
positio
n) min
u
s di
stan
ce b
e
twee
n se
nsor-sam
ple.
The and
roid
sma
r
tpho
ne device
s
presented as
a
real time
data
acqui
sition
for
bloo
d
pre
s
u
r
e
moni
toring
[4], ele
c
tro
c
a
r
dio
g
ra
m in
medi
cin
e
[5] a
nd
RF
ID read
er [6]. The
thickn
e
s
s
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 15, No. 1, July 201
5 : 191 – 196
192
gaug
e results a
r
e di
spl
a
yed on An
d
r
oid Sm
artp
h
one u
s
in
g a
ndroi
d a
pplication. Androi
d
Applicatio
n is developed u
s
ing MIT App
Inventor for Androi
d (AIA) platform
.
It relatively eas
y
for
some
one
wit
h
no prog
ra
mming skill
s
and have m
a
de no
spe
c
ial
softwa
r
e [7]. The pu
rpo
s
e
o
f
this
re
sea
r
ch
is to
de
sig
n
of no
n
cont
act thi
c
kn
es
s of elas
tic objec
t. It
i
s
applied for m
obile
measurement
using a
ndroi
d sma
r
tpho
ne
for displayin
g
data acqui
sition.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
The Desi
gn
of non conta
c
t thickne
ss
gaug
e co
nsi
s
ts of some
hard
w
a
r
e (su
c
h a
s
ultrasoni
c sensor HY-S
RF05,
mi
croco
n
tro
lle
r ATmega3
28,
bluetooth
module, an
droid
sma
r
tpho
ne) and
softwa
r
e (su
c
h a
s
Arduin
o
ID
E
and Ap
p In
ventor). Fi
gu
re 1
sh
ows
the
experim
ent
schemati
c
o
f
wirel
e
ss t
h
ickn
e
s
s g
a
uge
device
ba
sed
on
Android
a
nd a
microcontroll
er.
Figure 1. Schematic
circui
t of wireless t
h
ickne
s
s gau
ge
Working
Pri
n
ciple.
The
first step, we
have
to calcul
ate zero
po
sition as distan
ce
measurement
betwe
en ultraso
n
ic
sen
s
o
r
and
hold
e
r (f
ixed barrier).
On the zero
positio
n, actu
al
distan
ce (se
n
so
r-hold
e
r) is conve
r
ted
as
ze
ro (0
) on measu
r
e
m
ent. Figure
2.a shows
the
experim
ent for ze
ro po
sitio
n
setting.
a
b
Figuire 2 Cal
c
ulatio
n ze
ro
positio
n;
a. Schem
atic of zero po
sition
setting, b. Ultraso
n
ic di
stan
ce
prin
ciple
Sensor-holder
Fixed ba
rrier
Zero Position
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Title of m
anuscript is
sho
r
t and cle
a
r, im
plies resea
r
ch results (First Author)
193
The Ultraso
n
i
c sen
s
o
r
det
ects o
b
ject b
y
sending ult
r
asoni
c so
un
d and then "listen"
ech
o
e
s
. Figure 2. B shows ultraso
n
ic di
stan
ce pri
n
ci
ple. The velo
city of ultraso
n
ic on the ai
r is
344.42
m/s
or 0.3
444
m/µs. The tim
e
duration
(
∆
t
)
bet
wee
n
t
r
an
smi
ssi
on
and
re
cievin
g of
ultrasoni
c is calcul
ated a
s
distan
ce (s) b
e
twee
n se
nsor and
sam
p
l
e
with followi
ng equ
ation 1
.
2
t
s
2
03444
.
0
t
s
29
*
2
t
s
(1)
Hard
w
a
re Implementa
tio
n
.
Ultrasonic
sen
s
o
r
type HY-SRF05 work o
n
DC vol
t
age 5 V,
has a sen
s
or
angle le
ss th
an 15 deg
ree
s
, and it can
measured accurately at a
distan
ce of 2 cm
to 450 cm [1]
.
The sen
s
o
r
s
tran
smit
ult
r
asoni
c sou
n
d
waves
with
a
freque
ncy
betwe
en 25 kHz
and 5
0
kHz [8].
Micro
c
ontrolle
r a
r
d
u
ino u
no i
s
a a mi
cro
c
ontrolle
r bo
ard
ba
sed
on
the
ATmega3
28. It ha
s 1
4
digital inp
u
t/output pin
s
(of
whi
c
h
6
can
be u
s
e
d
a
s
P
W
M
output
s),
6
analo
g
inputs, a 16
MHz
cerami
c re
so
n
a
tor, a
USB conne
ction, a
power ja
ck, a
n
ICSP head
er,
and a
re
set b
u
tton. It conta
i
ns eve
r
ythin
g
nee
ded to
sup
port the
microcontroll
er; sim
p
ly co
nne
ct
it to a compu
t
er with a
US
B cable o
r
po
wer it
wi
th a
AC-to-DC ad
apter o
r
batte
ry to get start
ed
[2].
On this paper, we use
d
bluetooth
module
HC-0
6. It can con
nect 3.3 to 5VDC po
we
r supply
and conn
ect
TX and RX fo
r cont
rolin
g.
This
re
sea
r
ch
use
d
a
r
dui
n
o
integ
r
eted
dev
elopm
ent environtm
ent prog
ram
(IDE
)
which
embed
ede
d o
n
ATMEGA 328 (Ard
uino
). App Inventor
for and
roid is
use
d
for and
roid appli
c
atio
n
developm
ent, that displays
data acqui
sition
of thickne
ss o
n
and
roid
smartp
hon
e.
Embeded
Program.
The Arduin
o
integ
r
ated devel
op
ment
environ
ment (IDE) is a cro
s
s-
platform ap
plication
written
in Java, is derived fr
om the IDE for the Pro
c
e
ssi
n
g
prog
rammi
ng
langu
age a
n
d
the Wi
ring
proje
c
ts. Arduino p
r
o
g
ra
ms a
r
e
written in C
or
C++ la
ngua
g
e
[2].
Figure 3 a. sh
ows the flowc
hart of embe
dedd
ed prog
ram.
Start
D
i
stance
sensing
Thickness calculation =
Distance (Zer
o Positio
n
)-
(
∆
t/2*29)
Send Data to
android
Initi
a
li
ze
Start
Recieve Data
Display Data
Port Bluetooth initialize
Fi
ni
sh
Fi
nis
h
a.
b
Figure 3. Ard
u
ino prog
ram
m
ing; a. Flowchar
t em
be
ded prog
ram,
b. Flowch
art
to display
thickne
ss g
a
u
ge on an
droi
d
smartp
hon
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 15, No. 1, July 201
5 : 191 – 196
194
Android Ap
plication.
Ap
p Inventor fo
r Androi
d
(AI
A
is Develop
ed by MIT M
edia L
ab
for edu
catio
n
purpo
se
s. App Inventor is a
S
c
ratch-ba
sed v
i
sual p
r
o
g
ra
mming lan
g
u
age.
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
App Inventor is a we
b interfac
e devel
opment envi
r
onment. The
prog
ram
m
ing
is
made in a visual rathe
r
than a conven
tional
way. The program
can be upl
o
aded to a smart
phon
e dire
ctl
y
[6]. Figure
3.b sho
w
s
a flowchar
t
of displaying
thickn
ess g
auge o
n
and
roid
sma
r
tpho
ne.
The
de
sign
o
f
and
roid
ap
p
lication
with
App
inve
ntor con
s
i
s
ted of
t
w
o pa
rts (co
m
pone
n
t
diagram a
nd
block di
agra
m
). The
com
pone
nt diag
ra
m was
used
for de
sig
n
la
yout to displ
a
y on
android
sma
r
tphone. A bl
ock diag
ram
wa
s used fo
r desig
n prog
ramming of a
ndroi
d. AIA has
libra
ry for
co
mmuni
cation
with
accele
rometer sen
s
or, GPS,
Wi
Fi and
Bluet
ooth [6]. On
this
system, the libra
ry of bluetooth
is used for data com
m
unication. Figure 4 a. an
d 4.b sho
w
App
Inventor co
m
pone
nt and bl
ock diag
ram.
a
b
Figure 4. The
library of blu
e
tooth;
a. App inventor lay
out displ
a
y b. app Inventor block diag
ra
m
3. Result a
n
d Discus
s
io
n
3.1 Thickne
s
s
Calcula
t
io
n
The first
step
for
cal
c
ulatio
n of thi
c
kne
s
s i
s
ze
ro
po
si
tion set up.
Z
e
ro
po
sition
i
s
d
e
fined
as po
sition b
e
twee
n ultra
s
onic sen
s
o
r
and holde
r (F
i
x
ed barri
er). In this re
sea
r
ch, the distan
ce
betwe
en sen
s
or a
nd hol
de
r is 19.80
cm
but on the di
splay instru
me
nt sho
w
s 0.0
0
cm. Figu
re 5.a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Title of m
anuscript is
sho
r
t and cle
a
r, im
plies resea
r
ch results (First Author)
195
sho
w
s the ex
perim
ental
se
t up for
cal
c
ul
ation thic
kn
e
ss
of sample.
The thi
c
kne
s
s calculation
of
sampl
e
is foll
owin
g equati
on (2
)
Thickne
s
s =
s (ze
r
o po
sitio
n
) – s (se
n
sor to object)
Thic
kne
s
s =
s
(ze
r
o po
sit
i
o
n
) -
29
*
2
t
(2)
Figure 5. Experime
n
t of
Wirele
ss T
h
ic
kn
es
s Gau
g
e
Whe
n
the
r
e
are
obje
c
t (sample
)
in f
r
o
n
t of sen
s
or,
Ultra
s
o
n
ic sensor t
r
an
sm
its the
wave
s to obj
ect which is reflect
ed by
the obj
e
c
t to the dete
c
t
o
r. Micro
c
ont
rolle
r calculat
ed
thickne
s
s of
obje
c
t a
s
foll
owin
g e
quati
on
(2).
The
t
h
ickne
s
s d
a
ta is tra
n
smitted by
blueto
o
th
comm
uni
cati
on into and
roi
d
sma
r
tpho
n
e
. The syste
m
is de
sign
e
d
for non
con
t
act mea
s
ure
m
ent
and wi
rele
ss comm
uni
cati
on.
3.2 Experimental Result
The n
o
n
-
co
nt
act thi
c
kne
s
s gau
ge
wa
s
develop
ed u
s
ing ultrasoni
c se
nsor. An
android
sma
r
tpho
ne
displ
a
yed dat
a acq
u
isitio
n
of thi
ckne
ss object by bl
uetooth com
m
unication.
Fig
6sh
o
ws scre
en sh
oot of androi
d appli
c
ation for th
ickness ga
uge.
The blueto
o
th sele
ct butto
n is
desi
gne
d to
ma
ke
a
conne
ction
b
e
twee
n bl
uet
ooth a
nd
mi
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r.
Over blu
e
tooth
con
n
e
c
ted, the thickne
ss d
a
ta displ
a
yed
on android smartph
one
wi
th real time.
The
wirel
e
ss
thickne
ss
gau
ge ha
s
been
tested to
mea
s
ure thi
c
kne
s
s sampl
e
. Th
e re
sult
sho
w
s a slig
h
t
ly different with actual me
asu
r
em
ent using stan
da
rd
micromete
r
. Figure 7 sho
w
s
the comp
ari
s
on of measurement betwe
en th
is metho
d
and a
c
tual
measurement
.
Based
on Fig
u
re 7, the fitting linea
r reg
r
ession to
ol was u
s
e
d
for a
nalysi
s
an a
c
curacy
of mea
s
u
r
em
ent. The
accura
cy of m
e
asu
r
em
ent
i
s
99.97
8%. T
h
is m
e
thod
u
s
ed
no
n-cont
act
betwe
en o
b
je
ct and
se
nsor. It was
comp
atible to me
a
s
ure thickn
ess on
ela
s
tic o
r
pla
s
tic
obje
c
t.
This metho
d
wa
s
sim
p
le
and
ap
plica
b
le to
use a
s
m
obile
dat
a a
c
qui
sition
usi
ng
and
ro
id
sma
r
tpho
ne.
Othe
r researche
r
use
d
ultra
s
o
n
ic se
nsor f
o
r inspe
c
ting
wall
thickness
measurement
[9] and
pip
e
wall [10]. I
t
use
d
conta
c
t meth
od
(contact
betwe
en
sampl
e
with
sen
s
o
r) for
thickne
ss d
e
t
ection. The
novelty
of our re
sea
r
ch is n
on-contact thickn
ess
measurement
and mobile d
a
ta acq
u
isitio
n.
Sample (Object)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 15, No. 1, July 201
5 : 191 – 196
196
Figure 6. Screen shoot
android ap
pli
c
ation for
th
ic
kn
es
s
ga
ug
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
T
h
e c
o
mp
ar
as
ion o
f
hhickne
ss
measurement
by
android vs mi
cro
m
eter
4. Conclusio
n
A non conta
c
t and wirel
e
ss thickne
s
s g
auge
syst
em
has b
een succe
ssfully crea
ted with
the ATmega
328 micro
c
o
n
trolle
r, HY-SRF05 ul
tra
s
oni
c se
nsor, a Bluetooth module, a
n
d
Displaying o
n
android
sma
r
tphone. It is a
wirel
e
ss
a
nd
non-co
ntact
measurement
. The re
sult
s of
thickne
s
s ga
uge
with a
wirel
e
ss
mea
s
uri
ng
ba
sed
on An
droid
and mi
cro
c
o
n
trolle
r h
a
ve an
accuracy rate
of 0.99978 o
r
99.978%.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ement
This work wa
s partially sup
ported by
Se
bela
s
Maret University’s P
N
BP 2015 G
r
ant.
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12
14
M
easurem
ent of Thickness
by
A
n
d
r
oid-Wireless
Thickness
M
easuring S
y
st
em (cm)
A
c
t
u
al
Meas
ur
em
en
t
o
f
T
h
i
c
k
nes
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(
c
m
)
Th
e
D
a
t
a
C
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m
p
a
r
i
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of
Th
i
c
kn
es
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b
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Ac
t
u
al
M
e
a
s
u
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Vs Andr
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d-
W
i
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e
l
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T
h
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Measur
i
n
g Sy
s
t
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.