TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 6, June 20
13, pp. 3142
~
3
148
e-ISSN: 2087
-278X
3142
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 23, 201
3
;
Revi
sed Ap
ril 1, 2013; Accepte
d
April 1
7
, 2013
Distributed Control System in Electrical Heaters of the
Public Buildings
Jianhua Ren
*
1
, Wei Wang
2
, Tingchao
Yang
3
1,2
Hebei Un
iver
sit
y
of Eng
i
ne
e
r
ing, Ha
nda
n H
ebe
i,05
603
8,C
h
in
a
3
H
y
dr
og
eol
og
y
T
eam,Coal Geolo
g
y
B
u
re
au o
f
Hebei Prov
inc
e
,Hand
an H
e
b
e
,056
20
1,Chi
n
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: renji
anh
ua
19
74@
163.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Bein
g w
i
th
ma
ny a
d
va
ntages
such
a
s
envir
on
men
t
al pr
otection,
control
l
a
b
le,
facilitat
e
me
asur
e
m
ent etc,
electric
he
ating
has
b
e
e
n
pro
m
oted
acti
vely i
n
s
o
me
p
l
aces. F
o
r
pu
bl
ic b
u
il
din
g
s w
i
t
h
hug
e en
ergy consu
m
ption,
electric
h
eatin
g intell
ig
ent control
lin
g
may
be the key to achi
eve en
erg
y
conserv
a
tion. I
n
this pa
per, vi
sual d
i
strib
u
ted
contro
l syste
m
(DCS) w
a
s presente
d
in
elec
tric heatin
g of th
e
public buildings. In this control system
, a P
C
was
used
as the host, and RS232/
485 interface converter
w
a
s used
as
serial
int
e
rface
of
mutua
l
co
nversi
on. T
h
ro
ugh
in
dustria
l
standar
d RS
4
85 b
u
s w
i
th
hi
g
h
relia
bi
lity an
d l
o
w
cost w
h
ich w
a
s the link
b
e
tw
een t
he
ho
st and
ma
ny s
e
ts of ther
most
at, a one-to-
m
any
communic
a
tio
n
netw
o
rk w
a
s forme
d
. T
he MCU of
the thermostats w
a
s AT
Mega8
microc
ontro
ll
er.
Meanw
hi
le, D
S
18B2
0
i
n
tegr
ated te
mperat
ure pr
ob
e w
a
s used
in t
e
mp
erature s
ens
or
. T
h
rough
the
DC
S
test onl
in
e, it
met
the
ne
ed
of e
a
ch
in
div
i
du
al
he
ating
unit. T
her
efore
,
unn
ecess
a
ry
he
at w
a
ste
w
a
s
reduc
ed, he
ati
ng costs w
e
re saved.
Ke
y
w
ords
: public building, electrical h
eaters
,
distribut
ed control system
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Heatin
g in wi
nter in the
no
rth of Chi
na
has
an imp
o
rtant influen
ce
on the pe
opl
e's live
s
and wo
rk. Most traditional
central heatin
g such as wa
ter heating m
ean
s indu
ce
su
ch a wa
ste
o
f
resou
r
ces a
nd enviro
n
m
ental pollutio
n
. Some
rel
e
vant provin
ce
s have b
egun to a
c
tively
prom
ote cle
a
n
elect
r
ical h
eating me
an
s to re
pla
c
e
traditional h
eating meth
o
d
s. Now m
a
n
y
heating meth
ods a
r
e appli
ed, but electri
c
heating
will be the future trend of heati
ng in the energy
saving, environmental p
r
ot
ection, pe
rsp
e
ctive [1, 2].
Heatin
g o
n
d
e
mand
is the
develo
p
ment
dire
ct
ion
of t
he
winter he
ating. Elect
r
ic heatin
g
has ma
ny ad
vantage
s that other
heatin
g method
s d
o
not have, such a
s
ea
sy to measu
r
e a
nd
control. In th
e publi
c
b
u
ild
ings, the
en
e
r
gy con
s
umpt
ion is extrem
ely huge, th
u
s
u
s
ing
ele
c
tric
heating
wo
uld be of g
r
ea
t significan
c
e
in pro
m
otin
g ene
rgy co
nse
r
vation a
nd environm
ental
prote
c
tion. Electri
c
he
ating
is co
ntrolla
bl
e and fa
cilitate in mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent. So in p
ublic b
u
ildin
g
s
,
electri
c
heati
ng an
d intelli
gent control a
r
e the
key
to
achi
eve intelli
gent en
ergy-saving. Intellig
ent
control of heating will be the direct
ion of developm
ent in the future.
2. DCS Dis
t
ri
buted
Con
t
r
o
l Sy
stem
DCS i
s
the a
bbreviatio
n
of the Distri
but
ed
Control S
y
stem. It is a multilevel computer
system in
clud
ing cont
rol le
vel and pro
c
e
ss mo
nitorin
g
levels by communi
cation
netwo
rk. DCS is
synthe
sized
by Com
puter, Commu
nication, CR
T
and
Cont
rol.
The b
a
si
c i
dea
s of the
4C
tec
h
nology are dec
e
ntraliz
ed
c
o
ntrol,
c
ent
ralized operation, c
l
a
s
s
i
fic
a
tion management and
flexible
co
nfig
uration, ea
sy conf
ig
uratio
n
[3]. DCS
cont
rol
system i
s
wildly u
s
ed
in
the p
r
od
uctio
n
factorie
s a
n
d
prod
uctio
n
lines, the
cont
rol effect i
s
si
gnifica
nt. In public b
u
ildin
g
s
, though
so
me
intelligent co
ntrols
are
used in heatin
g
system, mo
st controlli
ng systems a
r
e e
s
tabli
s
he
d in the
one-chi
p
com
puter, PL
C
control to
re
alize the
pa
rt
o
f
centralized
control fun
c
ti
on, and
ha
rd
to
achi
eve the ideal control t
a
rget
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Distri
buted
Control System
in Electrical Heat
e
r
s of th
e Public Build
ings (Jia
nhu
a
Ren)
3143
3. Electric Heating
Distri
bution
Control in Public
Buildings
3.1. Contr
o
l Objectiv
es
DCS
ca
n be
use
d
in
ele
c
tri
c
he
ating
cont
rolling sy
stem
in publi
c
buil
d
ing
s
such as
school
s, h
o
spitals, h
o
tels
and
so
on,
d
ue to th
e la
rge n
u
mbe
r
o
f
heating
unit
s
, with
different
heating
time and different heating
temp
eratu
r
e.
A
cco
rding
to the
speci
a
l
circum
stan
ce
s, the
wa
y
of distri
buted
cont
rol
syste
m
incl
ude
s
chron
o
logi
cal pre
s
et control
req
u
ire
m
ent
s
(as
fo
r sch
ool)
and
temp
orary
control re
q
u
irem
ents (such as ho
sp
i
t
als, hotel
s) t
o
adju
s
t cont
rol pa
ram
e
ters.
The
goal
is
to re
alize m
a
ximum h
eat
ing e
n
e
r
gy-saving by
ca
reful centralized
cont
rol
a
n
d
individual he
a
t
ing deman
d throu
gh the DCS. Control o
b
jective
s
are
as follo
wing [
4
].
Figure 1. Dia
g
ram of Control System
Reali
z
ing
ce
ntral co
ntrol
in multiple room
s; real
izing mi
cro
c
ompute
r
pro
g
rammi
ng
control, acco
rding to the
requi
rem
ents of diffe
rent perio
ds a
nd
different ro
o
m
s re
sp
ectiv
e
ly;
setting a va
riety of prog
rams; in
stallin
g dou
ble di
splays in
cludi
ng central
control
room
and
indep
ende
nt room; setting
and re
cordi
ng stored hist
ory, inquiry, statistics; net
workin
g ca
n be
inquired at
any time, se
tting pro
c
ed
u
r
e by ma
n
a
ger; realizi
n
g
real
-time te
mperature
d
a
ta
acq
u
isitio
n a
nd p
r
o
c
e
s
sin
g
, re
al-time
tempe
r
ature
d
a
ta of vi
sual
displ
a
y; temp
eratu
r
e
off-ga
uge
alarm; temp
e
r
ature data
of records, i
n
clu
d
i
ng al
arm data an
d
histori
c
al
d
a
ta; tempera
t
ure
measurement
paramete
r
setting, includi
ng te
m
peratu
r
e me
asu
r
ing p
o
i
n
t paramete
r
s,
comm
uni
cati
on and
para
m
eters of the tempe
r
atur
e stateme
n
ts para
m
eter
s;
temperature
data
repo
rt mana
g
e
ment.
Centralized
control:
cent
ral
i
zed
control
o
f
m
ana
ger, i
n
stallation
de
b
uggin
g
(sin
gl
e ph
ase
online te
sting
function
), m
onitorin
g
the
room te
mpe
r
ature, the te
mperature
pa
ramete
rs and
the
workin
g
cond
ition. De
cent
ralize
d
control: temper
atu
r
e display, work in
stru
ctio
ns, temp
erat
ure
regul
ating in tempe
r
ature controlle
r.
3.2. Contr
o
l Sy
stem Structure
The p
ubli
c
bu
ilding h
eating
DCS
syste
m
is
comp
osed
of a ho
st (P
C o
r
ind
u
st
ria
l
PC)
as
the core and
multiple con
t
rollers by ne
twork
[5]. High-pe
rforman
c
e single
chip
micro
c
om
put
er
and inte
grat
ed sen
s
or
a
r
e
comp
ose
d
of high
p
e
rform
a
n
c
e
and hi
gh p
r
eci
s
ion te
rmi
nals-
thermo
stats.
Each
cont
roll
er i
s
in
cha
r
g
e
of the
ea
ch
elect
r
ic
heat
er a
c
cording
to instruction
s
of
the ho
st. RS
485 B
U
S is use
d
to
co
mpose o
ne-t
o
-ma
n
y co
m
m
unication
n
e
twork [6]. T
h
e
controlling p
r
i
n
cipl
e ch
art is as Figu
re 1.
To reali
z
e the
following mai
n
module
s
by
VB:
(1)
DCS Main
module
s
can
reali
z
e the
DCS in vari
ou
s lists to
reali
z
e rem
o
te polli
ng an
d
give-out o
r
de
r in acco
rda
n
ce
with the
procedu
re
s
in stora
ge te
mperature di
rective
s
to e
a
ch
remote thermos
t
at.
(2) Servi
c
e m
odule:
ope
rati
on records a
nd
control p
e
r
missio
ns ma
nagem
ent, in
spe
c
ting
wheth
e
r the d
a
ta backu
p is normal o
r
no
t, singl
e termi
nal normal de
bug, and p
o
wer-off saving.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No. 6, June 20
13 : 3142 – 3
148
3144
(3) ActivX m
odule, it i
s
re
spo
n
si
ble fo
r the u
s
e
with
the the
r
mo
stat throu
gh a
seri
al of
comm
uni
cati
on of th
e P
C
to exchan
ge
data. T
he
e
x
chan
ge
data
interfa
c
e
is
put on
di
spla
y or
pro
c
e
ssi
ng.
The co
mmu
nicatio
n
betwee
n
PC so
ftware an
d therm
o
stat is realized by
standa
rd
ActiveX control, which i
s
a
standa
rd mi
ddle
w
are
to realize the un
derlying
com
m
unication drive,
equivalent to
the therm
o
st
at drive fun
c
tion by
stan
da
rd Mod
b
u
s
RTU commu
ni
cation p
r
oto
c
ols.
This ActiveX
control
can
b
e
u
s
ed
for ot
her
dev
elo
p
m
ent environm
ents
(ju
s
t a
s
VC, Del
phi, e
t
c.)
for se
con
d
a
r
y developme
n
t by program
mers [7].
3.3. The Main Function
s of the
Con
t
r
o
l Process
Figure 2. Flow Ch
art of Ho
st Sending
Instru
ction
s
to Lower Com
puters
Figure 3. Flow Ch
art of Te
mperature
Controlle
r Re
ceiving Interrupts Inst
ru
ction
In DCS tem
peratu
r
e
co
n
t
rol sy
stem,
the lower co
mputers
con
t
rol temp
erat
ure
of
heaters, and
receive inst
ru
ction
s
from th
e host u
s
ing i
n
terrupt com
m
and ha
s sh
own in Fig
u
re
3.
3.4. Communication Protocol
Reg
u
lation
o
f
comm
uni
ca
tion protocol
is
as follo
ws: a
co
mmu
nicatio
n
b
a
u
d
rate
of
9600
bp
s, 4MHz
cry
s
tal oscillator [8].
The co
mmuni
cation p
r
oto
c
ol of tempera
t
ure co
ntroll
er is Modbu
sRTU ag
reem
en
t by the
stand
ard, in
whi
c
h in
clu
d
e
s
fou
r
in
stru
ctions:0x
01
(re
ad inte
rnal di
gital and
mai
n
tain coil stat
e),
0x03 (rea
d in
ternal
analo
g
and m
a
intain
memo
ry co
n
t
ents), 0x0
5
(set inte
rnal
si
ngle di
gital a
nd
maintain coil state), 0x06 (set a sin
g
le a
nalog in
side
and maintai
n
memory
cont
ents)
4. Hard
w
a
re
En
v
i
ronment
DCS
control
system i
s
ad
opted in pu
bli
c
build
i
ng he
ating co
ntrol
system to re
alize the
operation
con
t
rol of the visualizati
on. Electri
c
he
ating
distrib
u
ted
c
ontrol
system
con
s
i
s
ts of a
PC
as h
o
st
co
nn
ecting
with m
any tempe
r
at
ure
co
ntrolle
rs by
RS232/
485 inte
rfa
c
e
conve
r
ters
a
n
d
indu
strial sta
ndard RS485
bus,
to co
mp
ose
th
e o
ne –
t
o–many
com
m
unication n
e
twork
stru
ct
ure
and to reali
z
e
communi
cati
on and data
pro
c
e
ssi
ng.
By Basic6.0 ActiveX control and appli
c
ati
on
of Visu
al Ba
sic6.0 te
ch
nol
ogy, the effe
ctive
commu
nicatio
n
di
sta
n
ce
can
re
ach 12
00m
un
d
e
r
N
Y
Y
N
Al
l
o
w r
ecei
v
i
n
g
th
e i
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
si
gn
al
R
e
ce
ive
the
inte
rru
p
t
sig
n
a
l
Ci
r
c
u
l
ar
l
y
r
ecei
v
e
e
f
f
ect
i
v
e i
n
st
r
u
ct
io
n
W
h
e
t
her the f
i
rst b
y
te
is the
nu
m
b
er
of
the
t
e
m
per
a
ture
Exe
c
u
te
instr
u
c
tio
n
Exit inte
r
r
u
p
t
Ins
t
ruc
t
i
o
n
s
ar
e ef
f
e
ct
i
v
e
?
Sta
r
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TEL
K
9600
Chip
temp
appe
centi
g
485
Com
m
cont
r
instr
u
Figu
r
5. In
s
can
b
K
OM
NIKA
Distri
b
bp
s. The M
C
Mi
crocomp
erature pro
b
F
Figure 5. Y
K
Elec
tric
a
ara
n
ce is
s
g
rad
e
. The
t
ser
i
al com
m
m
uni
cati
on
d
The t
h
r
ol sy
st
e
m
,
t
h
u
ction f
r
om
t
r
e 6.
s
tallatio
n
a
n
The in
st
a
b
e co
nve
n
ie
n
uted Contro
l
C
U mi
cr
oco
u
t
er
fr
om
A
b
e integ
r
a
t
ed
F
igure 4. El
e
K
32 Remote
a
l schem
ati
c
s
h
o
w
e
d as
t
empe
ratu
re
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
s
d
ista
nce o
f
t
h
h
erm
o
stat c
o
h
e lowe
r
co
m
t
he ho
st, h
e
n
d Oper
a
t
io
n
a
llati
on is
si
m
n
tly operate
d
e-I
l
Sys
t
em in
E
ntrolle
r of
t
h
A
TMEL Co
m
from DALL
A
e
ct
ri
cal S
c
h
e
The
r
m
o
s
t
a
t
c
di
a
g
ram
o
Fig
u
re
5,
w
control acc
u
is a
dopte
d
h
e Remote
t
h
o
ntrol
pro
c
e
s
m
pu
te
r
c
o
ntr
o
e
re, interrup
t
n
of th
e Sy
s
m
ple, accord
d
and run.
SSN: 2087
-
2
E
lectrical He
a
h
e self-de
s
i
g
m
pany[9]. T
h
A
S Compan
y
ma
ti
c
D
i
ag
r
a
o
f YK32 Re
m
w
hi
ch tem
p
u
ra
cy
is 0.0
6
in the displ
h
ermo
static
1
s
s ha
s
sho
w
o
ls the
ele
c
t
r
t
comm
and
s
tem
ing to
the s
y
2
78
X
a
ters
of the
P
ned the
r
mo
s
h
e temp
era
t
u
y
[10].
a
m of Remo
t
Figure
7
m
ote therm
o
p
eratu
r
e co
n
6
25 deg
re
es
ay output
m
1
200m .
w
n i
n
Fi
gur
e
r
ic h
eater te
m
is ado
pted.
y
s
t
em op
e
r
a
t
P
ublic Buildi
n
s
tats ad
opt
s
u
r
e
s
e
ns
or
t
e Th
ermo
st
a
7
. Setting P
e
o
st
at
is j
u
s
t
n
trol range
Celsius wit
h
m
ode, at th
e
e
6. In the
m
peratu
r
e,
m
Control flo
w
t
ion
pr
oce
s
s
n
gs (Jia
nhu
a
s
ATMega8
S
adopt
s DS
1
at
e
rmi
ssi
o
n
t
as
F
i
g
u
re
is betwe
en
h
t
w
o digital
t
e
same t
i
m
e
DC
S temp
e
m
e
antime, re
c
w
cha
r
t
is j
u
, the DCS
s
y
a
Ren)
3145
S
i
ngle
1
8B2
0
4. Its
0-85
t
ube
s
.
e
, t
h
e
ratu
re
c
ei
ves
u
st
as
y
st
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No. 6, June 20
13 : 3142 – 3
148
3146
5.1. Acce
ss
Permission
In this
System, three users are
s
e
t to opera
tio
n
as F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
O
n
ly c
o
rr
ec
t us
er
n
a
me
and pa
sswod
are allo
wed t
o
acce
ss p
r
e
m
issi
on of all comm
and a
n
d
control the whol
e system
.
At the same time, the control permi
ssio
ns
and fault alarm wi
ndo
w, operation record
s
data ba
ckup
and ma
ny other fun
c
tion
s are al
so de
signed to en
sure the
syste
m
workin
g sa
fety
and efficie
n
cy
just as Figu
re 8.
Figure 6. Flow Ch
art of Te
mperature Co
ntrolle
r
Wo
rki
n
g
.
Figure 8. Ope
r
ation Record
s
DCS sy
stem is a netwo
rk d
i
stribute
d
co
n
t
rol
system, a
nd is co
mpo
s
ed of multiple
points
(therm
o
stat
). So we nee
d to set each control poi
nt
of informa
t
ion. In this
system, rel
e
vant
conte
n
t can b
e
edited an
d deleted.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
e-ISSN:
2087
-278X
Distri
buted
Control System
in Electrical Heat
e
r
s of th
e Public Build
ings (Jia
nhu
a
Ren)
3147
Figure 9. Setting the Co
ntrol Points
5.2. Sy
stem
Debu
gging
Being n
u
mb
ered
in a
d
va
nce, evey
ro
om
ha
s co
rresp
ondi
ng
te
m
perature
controlle
r.
Whe
n
we
set the system, controlle
r can
be sel
e
cte
d
a
c
cordi
ng to the list. Meanwhile, a spe
c
ifi
c
controlle
r ca
n
be debu
ged
and set addre
ss. Th
ese are
sho
w
ed in Fi
gure 9 a
nd Fi
gure 1
0
.
Figure 1
0
. System Deb
u
g
g
ing
5.3. Other Fu
nction
Whe
n
the sy
stem is
dete
c
ted and a
co
ntrolle
r
loses
touch, the
system will time
ly report
to the user. T
hen fault al
arm win
dow wil
l
be sho
w
ed ,
and thi
s
win
dow
will
kee
p
flashin
g
to d
r
aw
attention to the operator.
Whe
n
the DCS system i
n
terface op
e
n
s, sy
st
em insp
ectio
n
be
gins imm
edia
t
ely, then
comm
uni
cate
s and
sen
d
s
control co
mm
and
s to t
herm
o
stat of each room in p
r
op
er order.
Figure 11. Da
ta Backup
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
e-ISSN: 2
087-278X
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No. 6, June 20
13 : 3142 – 3
148
3148
This
co
ntrol
system ha
s th
e funtion of
d
a
ta
ba
ckup. If the hardware
failure
of th
e user
comp
uter
cau
s
e
s
the DCS system
stop runnin
g
wh
i
c
h
is not be re
p
a
ired in
a sh
o
r
t time, throu
gh
replacing a computer and
installing thi
s
softw
are ,the data
will be recove
ried to
make the
DCS
system p
e
rfo
r
m comm
and
as no
rmal.
6. Conclusio
n
Thro
ugh thi
s
control syste
m
, the functio
n
s are re
alize
d
as follo
wing
:
The sim
p
le,
reasona
ble
and co
nvenient di
stri
b
u
ted co
ntrol
system wit
h
good
performance hardware
and
si
mple
software with expansibility
can satisfy all
sort
s
of cont
rol
requi
rem
ents to realize saf
e
ty control of
electri
c
he
ating syste
m
in
publi
c
buildi
n
gs an
d impro
v
e
its relia
bility and flexibility and to real
ize t
he dyna
mic man
age
ment of each cont
rol uni
t,
centralized control a
nd supervi
sion. T
h
rou
gh t
he
sci
entific con
t
rol, the syst
em gua
rante
e
s
warming
com
f
ortably and e
nergy saving.
Electri
c
heati
ng dist
ributed
control syste
m
adopt
s ad
vance
d
syste
m
desig
n me
thod, is
based
on A
c
tiveX control
s
, can
reali
z
e data
tran
smissi
on
and
comm
uni
cati
on, al
so
can
be
applie
d to
dri
v
es in
othe
r
different
dev
elopme
n
t env
ironm
ents. B
y
the
control
s
, u
s
e
r
s not
only
can
esta
blish
cont
rol
syste
m
qui
ckly, bu
t also
exp
a
n
s
e use sco
pe
and fun
c
tion
according to
the
need.
The sy
stem i
s
ado
pted in
three pu
blic building
s
in
2009, 20
10
and 20
11 wi
nter. By
comp
ari
s
o
n
the ele
c
tri
c
h
eating u
s
ing
DCS
cont
ro
l and tra
d
itio
nal water h
e
a
ting, the ini
t
ial
investment a
nd
op
eration co
st
re
du
ce
s
about
RMB 3
00 millio
ns yu
an. Mo
re im
p
o
rtant p
o
ints
are
redu
cin
g
poll
u
tion and
sav
i
ng ene
rgy si
gnifica
ntly.
Referen
ces
[1]
Z
hang Ju
n
y
e.
Vie
w
s of dom
e
s
tic electric heatin
g.
Heati
n
g
& Refrigerati
o
n
. 2012; 2: 51-
52.
[2]
Guan Li
ng. T
he Contro
l Di
ffer
ent Heati
ng F
e
e S
y
stem.
Ch
in
a Instrumentati
on.
201
2; 1: 18
-22.
[3]
W
ang Z
h
e
n
j
u
a
n
. Distrib
uted
control s
y
st
em
in the
use
of intel
lig
ent b
u
il
din
g
.
Gansu S
c
ienc
e a
n
d
T
e
chno
logy
. 2
012; 4: 11
7-11
9.
[4]
Cao Do
ng
lin. Prospects for the devel
op
ment of
the market in ele
c
tric
heatin
g in our countr
y
Mecha
n
ica
l
an
d Elec
trical Information.
200
7
;
9: 38-45.
[5]
Haife
ng LI.Proj
e
ct Evalu
a
tion
Method
B
a
se
d
on Matter-El
e
ment an
d Hi
er
arch
y Mo
del.
TEL
K
OMNIKA
Indon
esi
a
Jour
nal of Electric
al
Engin
eeri
n
g
. 2
012; 3: 58
6-59
1.
[6]
Z
hang
Xiug
uo.
T
he Applicati
on of Intel
lig
e
n
t Contro
lle
d
Electric He
atin
g S
y
st
em.
Jou
r
nal of
Nort
h
Chin
a Institute
of Science a
n
d
T
e
chnol
ogy
. 2
008; 1: 42-
52.
[7]
Doa
a
M Atia, F
a
ten H
F
ahm
y,
Nin
et M Ahm
e
d,
Hasse
n T
Dorrah. A
Ne
w
Contro
l a
nd
De
sign
of PEM
F
uel Ce
ll S
y
s
t
em Po
w
e
re
d
Diffused Air
Aeratio
n
S
y
s
t
em.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esi
a
Journ
a
l
o
f
Electrical E
ngi
neer
ing
. 2
012;
10: 291-
30
2.
[8]
Oaa M Ati
a
. M
ode
lin
g a
n
d
Co
ntrol PV-W
i
n
d
H
y
brid
S
y
stem
Base
d o
n
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
gic
Contr
o
l T
e
chni
qu
e.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esi
a
Jour
nal of
Electric
al
Engin
eeri
ng.
2
012; 10: 4
31-4
41.
[9]
W
u
Shao
hu
a.
DT
MCU base
d
on
the data acqu
isitio
n
s
y
s
t
em.
W
a
ter Re
sources &
Hy
drop
ow
er of
Northe
ast Chin
a
. 2012; 2: 17-
22.
[10] F
an Y
aol
i
ng. Bas
ed
on
the
temp
erat
ure se
nsor
D
S
18B2
0
d
i
git
a
l
temperat
ure i
n
strument
desi
gn.
Journ
a
l of Yell
ow
River Cons
ervancy Technical Institute
. 20
12; 1: 23-2
6
.
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