Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1221
~
1
227
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
3
.pp
1221
-
1
227
1221
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Des
i
gn a
nd
s
imu
la
tion
of
a
c
ombi
ned
s
erp
entine T
-
shape
m
ag
n
etorheologi
ca
l
b
rake
Faish
al H
aris
h Hid
ayatull
ah
1
, Uba
idi
ll
ah
2
, Endr
a Dwi
Purn
omo
3
,
Do
mi
nic
us
Dana
rd
ono
Dwi
Pri
ja
T
jahj
ana
4
, I
lh
am
Ba
gus Wir
an
t
o
5
1
,2,3,4,5
Mec
hanica
l
Eng
ine
er
ing, Unive
rsit
as
Sebela
s Mare
t,
Suraka
r
ta
,
Indone
si
a
2
Nati
ona
l
Cen
te
r
for
Sus
ta
in
able Transportation T
ec
hnolog
y
,
B
and
ung,
Indone
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
1
5
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
2
1
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
2
2018
A
m
agne
torhe
ol
ogic
a
l
bra
ke
(MRB)
is
a
devi
ce
to
dissipat
e
rota
t
i
onal
ene
r
g
y
using
m
agne
torh
eol
ogi
ca
l
flui
ds
(MRF
).
MRB
can
cha
ng
e
i
ts
bra
king
torqu
e
quic
kl
y
in
r
esponse
to
ext
e
rn
al
m
agne
t
ic
fi
e
ld
strengt
h
.
Th
e
bra
ke
is
rota
ti
on
al,
uti
l
izi
ng
the
MRF
in
shea
r
m
ode.
In
thi
s
stud
y
,
the
g
eometr
ical
design
of
the
MRB
,
m
agne
tic
ci
r
cui
t
and
MRF
flow
pat
h
i
s
addr
essed.
Mathe
m
at
i
ca
l
m
odel
s
are
pr
ese
n
te
d
th
at
desc
r
ib
e
the
br
aki
ng
to
rque
of
the
MRB
.
A
novel
prototy
pe
is
intr
oduce
d
combini
ng
T
-
shape
rotor
m
odel
with
serpe
nti
n
e
flux
m
agne
ti
c
c
irc
ui
t
conf
igura
ti
on
.
The
rotor
m
emb
er
is
sele
ct
e
d
to
direct
th
e
flux
conc
en
tration
a
t
tha
t
loc
a
ti
on
.
Se
rpe
nti
n
e
flux
co
nfigura
t
ion
is
sele
cted
to
achie
ve
hig
h
er
tor
que
without
inc
r
ea
sing
the
siz
e
of
MRB
b
y
ac
t
iva
t
ed
m
ore
surfac
e
ar
ea
of
MRF
with
the
m
agne
ti
c
flux
.
The
fini
t
e
el
ement
m
et
hod
is
used
to
eva
lu
at
e
th
e
m
agne
t
ic
flux
density
in
MRB
using
FEMM
4.
2.
FE
MM
result
s
show
ed
that
thi
s
n
ovel
d
esign
cou
ld
prov
id
e
suffic
ie
n
t
m
agnetic
f
lux
al
ong
M
RF
flow
pat
h.
Fi
nal
l
y
,
th
e
inf
luence
of
input
cur
ren
t
to
the
MRB
on
bra
kin
g
torque
is
inv
e
stiga
te
d
.
I
t
is
fo
und
tha
t
th
e
bra
king
torque
i
n
MRB
inc
rea
ses
with
the
inc
reas
e
of
the
input
cur
ren
t.
T
h
e
prototy
pe
is
for
m
ula
te
d
as
foot
-
drop
pre
vention
orthot
ic.
Th
e
MRB
would
be
furthe
r
in
te
gr
ated
int
o
ankle
-
f
oot
orthoses
fo
r
post
-
stroke
p
at
i
ent
s.
Th
e
design
is
form
ul
at
ed
as
a
pre
l
iminar
y
g
eometr
ical
design
,
ai
m
in
g
to
obt
ai
n
the
m
ini
m
um
re
quire
d
br
aki
ng
t
orque
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
FEMM
Ma
gn
et
orheo
l
ogic
al
b
rak
e
Ma
gn
et
orheo
l
ogic
al
f
lui
d
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ub
ai
dill
ah,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f M
echan
ic
al
E
nginee
rin
g,
Sebelas Ma
ret
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Jl. Ir. Suta
m
i
36
A
, Kenti
nga
n, Sura
kar
ta
, I
ndon
e
sia
.
Em
a
il
: ub
ai
dill
ah_ft@sta
f
f.u
ns.ac
.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ma
gn
et
orheo
l
ogic
al
Fluid
(M
RF) is a f
l
uid
t
hat is res
pons
i
ve
to m
agn
et
ic
fiel
ds
a
nd
is ca
te
gorized as
sm
art
fluid
or
con
t
ro
ll
able
fl
uid
[1
]
-
[
2]
.
M
RF
con
sist
s
of
carbon
yl
iro
n
par
ti
cl
e
m
agne
ti
zed
to
m
ic
ro
n
siz
e
su
s
pende
d
in
non
-
m
agn
et
ic
fluid
s
.
Ca
r
bony
l
iron
pa
rtic
le
has
a
spheric
al
par
ti
cl
e
and
has
a
hi
gh
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
abs
orptio
n;
carbon
yl
iro
n
par
ti
cl
e
us
e
d
to
fo
rm
ulate
MR
F.
In
the
abse
nce
of
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
MRF
will
rem
ai
n
in
fr
ee
-
flo
wing
flui
d
conditi
ons,
but
unde
r
the
infl
ue
nce
of
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d,
the
viscosity
of
MR
F
will
increase i
n
le
ss
than 1
0
m
s
[3
]
-
[
5]
.
Since
the
fi
rst
tim
e
intro
duced
by
Ra
binow
on
“Th
e
Ma
gnet
ic
Fluid
Cl
utch
”
in
1948
de
ve
lop
m
ent
of
MR
-
base
d
de
vi
ce
has
been
dr
ast
ic
al
ly
increased
[
1]
.
The
a
bili
ty
of
MR
F
to
increase
vis
cosity
wh
en
a
f
fected
by
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
cau
ses
MR
F
has
bee
n
wide
ly
app
li
ed
a
s
vibrat
ion
dam
pin
g
de
vice.
M
RF
is
al
so
a
ppli
ed
a
s
a
sei
s
m
ic
insu
la
tor
in
the
c
on
structio
n
of
bu
il
din
gs
t
o
dam
pen
t
he
vi
br
at
i
on
s
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
the
earth
qu
ake
[
6]
.
MR
F
in
the
au
tom
otive
industry
has
bee
n
prese
nted
as
a
m
agn
et
orhe
ologica
l
dam
per
(MR
Dam
per
)
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1221
–
1
227
1222
dam
pen
vibrat
ion
ca
us
e
d
by
t
he
r
oad
surfac
e.
MR
Dam
per
dam
pin
g
pe
rfor
m
ance
m
a
y
be
dy
nam
ic
a
lly
var
ie
d
to pr
ov
i
de
sta
bi
li
t
y ac
ro
ss
d
i
fferent
ro
a
d
c
on
diti
on
s
[7
]
-
[
9]
.
Ma
gn
et
orheo
l
ogic
al
Brake
(M
RB
)
is
one
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
MR
F.
I
n
t
he
a
ut
om
ot
ive
industr
y,
MR
B
has
adv
a
ntage
s
w
hen
c
om
par
ed
with
co
nv
e
nt
ion
al
brake
s
inclu
ding
insta
nt
respo
ns
e
ti
m
e,
do
es
not
require
rep
la
cem
ent
brake
pa
d,
a
nd
c
om
pact
di
m
ension
s
[
10]
.
So
f
ar,
the
ap
plica
ti
on
f
or
high
to
rque
MR
br
a
ke
was
cond
ucted
by
Hun
g
et
al.
uti
li
zi
ng
the
T
-
S
hap
e
MR
bra
ke
in
m
idd
le
siz
e
m
oto
rcycl
e.
The
m
axi
m
u
m
torque
achieve
d
by
th
e
op
ti
m
iz
ed
design
was
44
1
Nm
a
t
cru
isi
ng
sp
ee
d
12
0
km
/h
[11]
.
T
his
excell
ent
resul
t
was
achieve
d
a
fter
op
ti
m
iz
ation
of the MR
br
a
ke desig
n.
More
ov
e
r,
the
ty
pe
of
MR
B
is
div
ide
d
into
sever
al
ty
pes
inclu
ding
dis
ks
,
drum
s,
m
ult
iple
disk
s
an
d
T
-
s
hap
e
brake
s
[12]
.
T
he
c
onstr
uction
of
MR
B
con
s
ist
s
of
r
oto
r
,
sta
tor
,
an
d
c
oil.
Com
m
on
ly
,
to
achieve
higher
br
a
king
torque
resear
cher
s
optim
iz
e
the
perf
or
m
a
nce
of
MR
B
by
de
velo
ping
ro
to
r
m
od
el
,
sta
tor
config
ur
at
io
n,
and
coil
co
nf
i
gurati
on
[13
]
,
[
14]
.
U
baid
il
la
h
et
al.
[
13]
ha
ve
prese
nted
dif
fer
e
nt
sta
tor
config
ur
at
io
ns
betwee
n
m
agn
et
ic
and
non
-
m
agn
et
ic
m
at
eri
al
s
cal
le
d
serpent
ine
flu
x
to
distrib
ute
flu
x
densi
ty
even
ly
al
ong
the
MR
F
flow
path.
Sh
ia
o
et
al.
[14]
we
re
pr
ese
nted
m
ul
ti
ple
po
le
coil
con
fi
gurat
ion
to
stren
gth
e
n flu
x de
ns
it
y al
ong
t
he
MR
F
ga
p.
Since,
the
reli
able
perform
a
nce
an
d
com
pact
di
m
ension
of
MR
B
research
e
r
has
bee
n
de
velo
pe
d
MR
B
as
a
rehabil
it
at
ion
de
vi
ce.
A
n
MR
B
prost
hetic
knee
,
cal
le
d
R
heo
Kn
ee
m
anu
fac
ture
d
by
the
c
om
pan
y
Ossur
In
c
.
[15]
MR
B
sti
ff
ness
m
a
y
be
vari
ed
in
real
-
tim
e
as
the
am
pu
te
e
walks.
U
ba
idil
la
h
et
al.
[13]
prototype
d
a
n
MR
B
as
f
oo
t
-
dro
p
pr
e
ven
ti
on
or
t
ho
ti
c
devi
ce
for
a
post
-
str
oke
patie
nt.
A
vr
aam
et
al
.
[
16]
pro
po
se
d
MR
B
as
wr
ist
re
ha
bili
ta
ti
on
de
vice
for
m
us
cular
exer
ci
se.
G
udm
un
ds
son
et
al
.
[17]
al
so
prot
otyped
an
MR
B
us
ed
a
no
vel
pe
rf
l
uorinate
d
poly
et
her
(PFPE
)
-
base
d
MR
F
is
intro
duce
d,
whose
pr
op
e
rtie
s
are
ta
il
or
ed fo
r
t
he
pro
st
hetic
kne
e.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
his
arti
cl
e
pr
op
os
e
d
a
novel
desig
n
of
MR
B
com
bin
ing
T
-
s
hap
e
m
od
e
l
MR
B
and
serp
e
ntine f
lu
x
sta
tor
c
onfig
urat
ion
to ach
ie
ve
the
m
ini
m
u
m
require
d
br
a
ki
ng
tor
que
that
i
s
ab
ou
t 1.
5
Nm
in
a
com
pact
siz
e.
The
prototype
would
be
integ
rated
as
f
oot
-
dro
p
pr
e
ve
ntion
de
vice
to
s
up
port
t
he
patie
nt
ank
le
-
foot.
Si
nce
the
prototype
w
ou
ld
be
placed
in
an
a
nk
le
,
th
us
the
m
ass
and
dim
ension
s
of
the
prot
otype
s
hould
be
co
ns
ide
red
as
li
gh
t
as
po
s
s
ible.
The
discuss
io
n
co
ve
rs
desig
n,
work
i
ng
pri
nciple,
m
at
hem
atical
mo
de
l
,
m
agn
et
ic
sim
ul
at
ion
a
nd bra
kin
g t
orq
ue pre
di
ct
ion
.
2.
DESIG
N OF
MAGNETO
R
HEOL
OGI
C
AL
Fo
r
this
sp
eci
fic
novel
MR
B
prototype
,
the
r
e
is
tw
o
c
on
ce
pt
ada
pte
d
in
this
stu
dy.
The
first
c
on
ce
p
t
was
MR
B
T
-
s
hap
e
m
od
el
fir
stl
y
introdu
ce
d
by
Ca
rls
on
et
al
.
[
18]
T
-
s
ha
ped
co
ns
tr
ucti
on
is
a
dv
a
ntag
eousl
y
util
iz
ed
to
c
on
centrate
the
ef
f
ect
of
the
MR
F
to
t
he
a
ppli
ed
fiel
d
of
t
he
T
-
sh
a
pe
d
plate
portio
n.
Als
o
th
e
r
otor
m
e
m
ber
is
sel
e
ct
ed
to
direct
the
flu
x
co
ncent
rati
on
at
that
l
ocati
on.
The
s
econd
co
nce
pt
was
ser
pen
ti
ne
flux
MR
B
sta
tor
c
onfi
gurati
on
c
onduct
ed
by
Se
nk
al
et
al
.
[19]
to
ac
hieve
d
hi
gh
e
r
t
orq
ue
without
inc
reasin
g
th
e
siz
e
of
MR
B
by
act
ivate
d
m
or
e
su
r
face
area
of
MR
F
with
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x.
Stra
te
gical
ly
,
placi
ng
m
agn
et
ic
al
ly
cond
uctive
with
a
rin
g
of
non
-
m
agn
et
ic
al
l
y
cond
uctive
m
at
erial
it
is
po
s
sible
to
be
nd
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
and
act
ivate
d
MR
F
al
on
g
ga
p
m
ulti
ple
t
i
m
es.
Serp
e
ntin
e
flux
le
d
to
m
or
e
co
m
pact
br
a
ke
desig
n
a
nd e
na
bled us
to
i
ncr
e
ase
the
br
a
king
torq
ue.
Fo
r
this
sp
eci
fic
novel
MR
B
prototype
,
the
r
e
is
tw
o
c
on
ce
pt
ada
pte
d
in
this
stu
dy.
The
first
c
on
ce
pt
was
MR
B
T
-
s
hap
e
m
od
el
fi
r
stl
y
intro
duce
d
by
Ca
rlson
et
al.
[
18]
T
-
s
ha
ped
c
onstr
uction
is
a
dvanta
ge
ously
util
iz
ed
to
c
on
centrate
the
ef
f
ect
of
the
MR
F
to
t
he
a
ppli
ed
fiel
d
of
t
he
T
-
s
ha
pe
d
plate
portio
n.
Als
o
th
e
r
otor
m
e
m
ber
is
sel
e
ct
ed
to
direct
the
flu
x
co
ncent
rati
on
at
that
l
ocati
on.
The
s
econd
co
nce
pt
was
ser
pen
ti
ne
flux
MR
B
sta
tor
co
nf
i
gurati
on
co
nducted
by
Se
nk
al
et
al.
[19]
to
achieve
d
higher
t
orq
ue
without
inc
rea
sing
t
he
siz
e
of
MR
B
by
act
ivate
d
m
or
e
su
r
face
area
of
MR
F
with
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x.
Strate
gical
ly
,
placi
ng
m
agn
et
ic
al
ly
cond
uctive
with
a
rin
g
of
non
-
m
agn
et
ic
al
l
y
cond
uctive
m
at
erial
it
is
po
s
sible
to
be
nd
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
and
act
ivat
e
d
MR
F
al
on
g
ga
p
m
ulti
ple
t
i
m
es.
Serp
e
ntin
e
flux
le
d
to
m
or
e
co
m
pact
br
a
ke
desig
n
a
nd e
na
bled us
to
i
ncr
e
ase the
br
a
king
torq
ue.
The
prototype
of
t
his
sp
e
ci
fic
MR
B
would
be
integrate
d
int
o
a
nk
le
-
f
oo
t
ort
ho
ses
.
T
her
e
f
or
e
,
the
siz
e
was
li
m
i
te
d
to
m
axi
m
u
m
con
strai
nt
60
m
m
of
diam
et
er
an
d
30
m
m
of
th
ic
kn
ess
.
As
s
how
n,
in
Fig
ur
e
1
t
he
ro
t
or
is
usi
ng
T
-
s
hap
e
m
od
el
r
oto
r
a
nd
ser
pe
ntine
flu
x
sta
t
or
co
nf
i
gurati
on.
Stat
or
co
nfi
gurati
on
is
a
m
agn
et
ic
and
non
-
m
agn
et
ic
m
a
te
rial
with
a
le
ng
t
h
of
8.5
m
m
and
3
m
m
resp
e
ct
iv
el
y.
MR
F
-
132DG
is
util
iz
ed
as
a
br
a
king
m
edium
,
MR
F
wo
rki
ng
in
sh
ea
r
m
od
e
and
flo
wing
in
0.5
m
m
of
the
gap
.
Fo
r
m
or
e
detai
ls,
the
pro
per
ti
es
of
MR
F
-
132D
G
a
nd li
st of pa
rts
for pr
opos
e
d M
RB
is sh
ow
n i
n
Ta
bles
1
a
nd
2,
res
pecti
vel
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
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a
n
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E
le
c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd simu
l
ation of
a
c
ombine
d serpe
ntine
T
-
s
hape
.
...
(
F
aishal
Harish
Hidayat
ullah
)
1223
Figure
1. Sc
he
m
at
ic
o
f
MR
B prototy
pe
Table
1.
Basi
c
sp
eci
ficat
io
n M
RF
-
132D
G
Prop
erty
Valu
e
Ap
p
eara
n
ce
Dark gra
y
liqu
id
Visco
sity,
Pa
-
s
0
.11
2
Den
sity,
/
3
2
.95
-
3
.15
So
lid
con
ten
t by
w
eig
h
t,
%
8
0
.98
Flash
p
o
in
t,
℃
>1
5
0
Op
erating
T
e
m
p
.,
℃
-
4
0
to +1
3
0
Table
2.
T
he
li
st of pa
rts
for p
rop
os
ed
MR
B
Part
No
.
Part
Ty
p
e
Mater
i
al
1
Cas
in
g
Magn
etic
Steel 10
1
0
2
Bo
b
b
in
No
n
-
Magn
etic
Alu
m
in
iu
m
11
0
0
3
Stato
r
M
ag
n
etic
Magn
etic
Steel 10
1
0
4
Stato
r
No
n
-
M
ag
n
etic
No
n
-
Magn
etic
Alu
m
in
iu
m
11
0
0
5
Sh
af
t
No
n
-
Magn
etic
Alu
m
in
iu
m
1100
6
T
-
sh
ap
e Ro
to
r
Magn
etic
Steel 10
1
0
Fo
r
T
-
sh
a
pe b
r
ake,
t
he ba
sic
e
qu
at
io
n
is
expr
essed
i
n
E
q
uation
1:
=
(
)
+
(
̇
)
̇
(1)
wh
e
re,
is
sh
ea
r
stres
s,
is
s
he
ar
stres
s
fiel
d
-
dep
e
ndent,
̇
is
sh
ear
rate,
̇
is
a
ngular
vel
ocity
of
ro
t
or
,
R
is
rad
i
us
of
r
otor,
and
g
is
MR
F
gap.
Mo
reove
r,
f
or
tor
que
ca
lc
ulati
on
,
t
her
e
are
4
c
om
po
ne
nts
to
cal
culat
e
the
total
braki
ng
t
orq
ue
t
ran
sm
itted
,
i
nclu
ding
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
are
re
sp
ect
iv
el
y,
braki
ng
t
orq
u
e
at
T
-
le
g
rad
ia
l
face
,
T
-
flan
ge
ra
dial
face,
i
nner
and
oute
r
a
nn
ular
face
of
T
-
fla
ng
e
.
T
otal
torque
t
rans
m
itted
represe
nted
as
,
=
2
(
1
+
2
+
1
)
+
2
(2)
Finall
y,
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
, a
nd
are
descr
i
bed be
low, res
pecti
ve
ly
.
1
=
2
3
(3)
2
=
2
(
3
−
3
)
(4)
1
=
2
3
1
(5)
2
=
2
3
2
(6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
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4752
Ind
on
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a
n
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E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1221
–
1
227
1224
3.
MAGNETI
C CIRC
UIT
ANALYS
IS
It
is
essenti
al
to
est
ablis
h
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
the
desig
ne
d
MR
B
was
ap
pro
ve
d
by
m
agnet
ic
ci
rcu
it
analy
sis.
Ma
gn
et
ic
ci
rcu
it
analy
sis
will
exp
la
in
m
agn
et
ic
flux
al
ong
the
ci
rcu
it
,
a
nd
it
al
s
o
co
uld
be
relevan
t
for
m
agn
et
ic
f
lux de
ns
it
y pre
dicti
on
ge
ner
at
ed by t
he
ci
rc
ui
t. Accord
i
ng to
Fi
gure
2
, t
he
re ar
e
five
r
el
uc
ta
nces
su
c
h
as
,
,
,
,
.
Figure
2. Re
la
ti
on
of s
hear y
ie
ld stress
and
m
agn
et
ic
f
ie
ld
intensit
y
of
M
RF
-
13
2DG
The rel
ucta
nce
of eac
h
sect
io
n
ca
n be
deter
m
ined
by
Eq
ua
ti
on
7
as
foll
ows,
=
(7)
wh
e
re,
L
is
distance
passe
d
by
the
m
agn
et
ic
flux
i
n
a
sin
gle
area,
μ
is
the
m
agn
et
ic
per
m
eabil
it
y,
and
A
is
the
act
ive
area
of
the
m
agn
et
ic
fl
ux
li
ne.
Ba
se
d
on
the
c
ircuit
,
the
total
ca
n
be
the
su
m
m
ation
of
al
l
reluc
ta
nces
sta
te
d
in E
q
uat
ion
8.
Σ
=
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
(8)
The
t
otal el
ect
ro
m
otive f
orce
as ex
pr
e
ssed
in
Eq
uatio
n
9 below,
Σ
=
Σ
R
=
NI
(9)
wh
e
re,
ϕ
,
N
,
a
nd
I
are
m
agnet
ic
flux
,
wire
turns
in
eac
h
coil,
an
d
the
current
passing
thr
ou
gh
t
he
coils,
resp
ect
ively
.
4.
MAGNETI
C FIE
LD
ANAL
YS
IS
In
this
st
ud
y,
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
analy
sis
is
reall
y
i
m
po
rtant
to
inve
sti
ga
te
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
de
ns
it
y
and
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
path
of
the
prototype
us
in
g
m
agn
e
ti
c
si
m
ulati
on
software
,
F
E
MM
(F
init
e
E
lem
ent
Me
thods
Ma
gnet
ic
s)
V
4.2.
Ma
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
analy
sis
us
ed
to
e
valuate
the
co
nce
ntrati
on
of
m
agn
et
ic
flux
an
d
consi
der
e
d
t
he
eff
ect
ive
a
rea
of
pro
posed
M
RB
.
MR
F
us
e
d
in
this
de
vice
is
MR
F
-
13
2DG,
MR
F
was
fl
ow
i
ng
inside
0.5
m
m
of
the
gap.
MR
B
was
descr
i
bed
in
s
of
twa
r
e
si
m
ulati
on
,
al
ong
with
r
otor,
bobbin
,
sta
tor
,
and
coil
wire.
All
m
agn
et
ic
pro
per
ti
es
of
MR
B
com
po
n
ents
is
assigne
d
as
sam
e
as
descr
ibe
d
in
the
desi
gn
sect
ion
.
I
n
Fig
ur
e
3
pr
ese
nte
d
MR
B
in
a
2D
axisy
m
m
et
ri
c
m
eshed
m
od
el
of
MR
B
in
FEMM
with
m
at
chin
g
m
at
erial
p
ropert
ie
s.
Figure
4
pres
ented
the
sim
ulate
d
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
distribu
ti
on
f
or
the
fu
ll
m
agn
et
ic
ci
rcu
it
.
The
i
m
po
rtant
note
s
are
the
m
agn
et
ic
flux
that
can
infl
uen
ce
s
the
MR
F
pro
pe
rtie
s
is
flux
th
at
passes
thr
ou
gh
the
gaps.
Ba
sed
on
Fig
ur
e
4,
it
c
an
exam
ine
that
flux
path
ha
s
passe
d
th
rou
gh
t
he
casi
ng,
ro
t
or
,
a
nd
sta
tor
.
It
is
wh
y t
he rhe
ologica
l p
roper
ti
e
s of MRF
only
ch
an
ge w
hen fl
ux th
rou
gh this
co
m
po
ne
nts.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd simu
l
ation of
a
c
ombine
d serpe
ntine
T
-
s
hape
.
...
(
F
aishal
Harish
Hidayat
ullah
)
1225
Figure
3. 2D a
xisym
m
et
ric
m
eshe
d
m
od
el
of
MR
B
Figure
4.
flu
x densi
ty
d
ist
rib
ution o
f
MR
B
Fr
om
the
res
ults
of
m
agn
et
ic
si
m
ulati
on
the
m
at
erial
con
fi
gurati
on
of
the
s
haf
t
was
co
nce
ntrated
the
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
inside
the
c
ha
nnel
show
n
in
F
igure
4.
The
refor
e
,
in
Fig
ure
5
the
m
agn
et
ic
flux
de
ns
it
y
in
the
horizo
ntal
ro
t
or
area
ha
d
the
hig
he
st
value
of
0.8
6
T.
M
eanwhil
e,
the
ver
ti
cal
ro
t
or
area
has
the
l
ow
est
m
agn
et
ic
flux
densi
ty
of
0.
25
T
becau
se
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
was
no
t
co
nce
ntrated
in
that
area.
More
ove
r,
the
serp
e
ntine
fl
ux
sta
tor
co
nf
i
gurati
on
al
s
o
su
c
cessf
ully
increased
the
m
agnet
ic
flux
de
ns
it
y
in
the
sta
tor
area
by
0.52 T.
1
Figure
5. Re
la
ti
on
of m
agn
et
ic
f
lu
x de
ns
it
y al
o
ng the
g
a
p an
d
c
urren
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h 201
9
:
1221
–
1
227
1226
5.
PERFO
R
MANC
E
PRE
DI
CTIO
N
Figure
6
prese
nted
bra
king
tor
que
pr
e
dicti
on
of
pro
pose
d
MR
B.
Braking
to
rque
pr
e
dicti
on
wa
s
cal
culat
ed
fro
m
Eq
uation
2,
is
t
he
su
m
m
at
i
on o
f
th
e 4
co
m
po
nen
t
of
tor
qu
e
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
. Th
e
f
irst
ste
p
to
cal
culat
e
br
a
king
to
r
que
we
re
sta
rte
d
by
est
ablish
t
he
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
data
from
m
agn
et
ic
sim
ulatio
n
in
FEMM
. T
he of
f
-
sta
te
to
rque,
cou
l
d
sim
ply cal
culat
ed
f
r
om
angular
sp
ee
d and M
RF
base
viscosity
.
The
perform
ance
achieve
d
by
pro
po
s
ed
MR
B
was
sat
isfyi
ng.
Si
nce
the
pro
posed
MR
B
had
lim
it
ed
dim
ension
.
I
n
Figure
6
,
eval
uating
t
he
bra
king
tor
que
is
sign
ific
a
ntly
i
m
pr
ov
e
as
the
increase
of
a
pp
li
ed
current.
T
he
m
axim
u
m
torqu
e
achieve
d
by
pro
po
se
d
MR
B
is
2.
1
N.
m
a
t
2
Am
per
e
of
current,
a
nd
the
off
-
sta
te
torque
is
0.001
N.
m
.
Since
braki
ng
t
orq
ue
of
MR
B
is
dep
e
ndent
on
t
he
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d,
the
a
pp
li
ed
current
has
a
n
i
m
po
rtant
r
ole
in
increasin
g
the
br
a
king
tor
qu
e
.
As
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
stren
gth
inc
reas
es,
the
br
a
king t
orqu
e
of MR
B can
be
sig
ni
ficantl
y i
ncr
ease
d
.
Figure
6.
Re
la
ti
on
of
br
a
king
tor
qu
e
and c
urr
ent
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Perfo
rm
ance
i
nv
e
sti
gation
of
serp
e
ntine
T
-
s
hap
e
MR
B
has
been
s
ucessful
ly
pr
esente
d.
A
ccordin
g
t
o
the
m
agn
et
os
t
at
ic
si
m
ulati
on
,
the
ser
pe
ntin
e
flu
x
sta
t
or
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
h
as
bee
n
s
ucce
ssfu
ll
y
bendin
g
th
e
m
agn
et
ic
flu
x
path
i
n
the
M
RF
ga
p.
C
onse
qu
e
ntly
,
the
ac
ti
ve
area
of
M
RF
was
i
ncr
ea
sing.
T
he
m
axi
m
u
m
achieve
d
br
a
ki
ng
to
rque
is 2.1 N
.m
at
2
Am
per
e
of
c
urren
t
.
Since
bra
king
tor
que o
f
MR
B
is
de
pende
nt
on
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d,
the
app
li
ed
c
urren
t
ha
s
an
im
po
rtant
ro
le
in
increasi
ng
th
e
br
a
king
tor
que.
As
the
m
a
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
stre
ngth
i
ncr
ease
s,
t
he
braki
ng
tor
que
of
MR
B
ca
n
be
sign
i
ficantl
y
increase
d
.
I
n
t
he
f
ut
ur
e,
ser
pe
ntine
T
-
s
hap
e
MR
B desig
n
ca
n be
f
ur
t
her
de
velo
pe
d
to
achie
ve
hi
gh
e
r br
a
king t
orq
ue.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Au
t
hors
a
ck
no
wled
ge
U
NS
thr
ough
Hiba
h
Ko
la
borasi
I
ntern
asi
on
al
20
19
as
well
as
USAI
D
f
or
par
ti
al
sup
port
thr
ough
S
HE
RA
Pro
gr
am
-
Ce
ntre
f
or
col
la
borati
ve
(CC
R)
Nati
onal
Ce
nter
f
or
S
us
t
ai
nab
le
Transp
or
ta
ti
on
Tech
no
l
og
y
(NC
STT) wit
h
c
ontract
No. IIE
0000
0078
-
ITB
-
1.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
J.
Rabi
now
,
“
Th
e
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ti
c
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d
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,”
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ans.
Am
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.
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lectr
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,
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kar
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ns
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JCE
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INPRESS
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7
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[3]
Ubaidi
llah
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al
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,
“
A
new
c
la
ss
of
m
agne
t
orhe
ological
elastom
ers
base
d
on
waste
ti
r
e
rubbe
r
and
t
he
cha
ra
cteri
z
at
ion
of
their
prop
ert
i
e
s
,”
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t
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te
r.
Struct
.,
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,
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–
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,
2016
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[4]
U
.
Ubaidi
llah,
et
al
.,
“
Respons
e
of
A
Magne
torhe
ologi
c
al
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under
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r
ti
al
Lo
ads
,”
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.
J.
El
e
ct
r.
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vo
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,
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08
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2015
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[5]
S.
A.
A.
Aziz
,
et
al
.
,
“
Eff
e
ct
s
of
m
ult
iwal
l
c
ar
bon
nanot
ubes
on
viscoe
la
st
ic
prope
rties
o
f
ma
gnet
orh
eol
ogi
c
al
el
astomers
,”
Sm
art M
ate
r.
Struc
t
.,
vol/
issue
:
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)
,
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–
10
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201
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[6]
S.
J.
D
y
ke
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Seism
ic
response
red
uction
using
m
agne
torhe
o
logi
c
al
dampers
,”
Proc.
I
FA
C
W
orld
Congr.
,
pp
.
145
–
150
,
1996
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[7]
F.
Im
aduddi
n,
e
t
al.
,
“
A
design
a
nd
m
odel
li
ng
re
vie
w
of
r
ota
r
y
m
agne
torh
eol
ogi
c
al
damper
,”
Mat
er.
Des.
,
vo
l.
51
,
pp.
575
–
591
,
20
13
.
0
.
6
1
.
2
1
.
5
1
.
7
1
.
9
2
.
1
0
.
0
0
.
5
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
0
.
3
0
.
5
0
.
8
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
To
rq
u
e
(
N.
m)
A
mp
ere
(
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n a
nd simu
l
ation of
a
c
ombine
d serpe
ntine
T
-
s
hape
.
...
(
F
aishal
Harish
Hidayat
ullah
)
1227
[8]
Y.
B.
Kaz
akov
,
et
al.
,
“
Deve
lop
m
ent
of
m
odel
s
of
the
m
agne
tor
heol
ogi
ca
l
flu
id
damper
,”
J
.
Mag
n.
Magn.
Mate
r
.
,
vol.
431
,
pp
.
269
–
272
,
2017
.
[9]
J.
De
Jesus
Loz
o
y
a
-
San
tos,
et
a
l.
,
“
Control
stra
t
egi
es
for
an
autom
ot
ive
sus
pens
ion
with
a
MR
damper
,”
IF
A
C
Proc.
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
18(1)
,
pp
.
1820
–
1825
,
2011
.
[10]
K.
Kara
koc
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Design
consi
der
ations
for
an
aut
o
m
oti
ve
m
ag
net
orhe
o
logi
c
al
bra
ke
,”
Me
chat
r
onic
s
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
18(8)
,
pp
.
434
–
4
47
,
2008
.
[11]
N.
Q.
Hung
a
nd
C.
S.
Bok.
“
Optimal
design
of
a
T
-
shape
d
drum
-
t
y
pe
bra
ke
for
m
o
torcy
c
le
uti
li
z
in
g
m
agne
to
rhe
olog
i
ca
l
flui
d
,”
Me
ch. B
ased
D
es.
S
truct
.
Mac
h
.
,
vol/is
sue:
40(2)
,
pp
.
1
53
–
162
,
2012
.
[12]
T.
M Avraa
m
,
“
MR
-
flui
d
bra
ke design
and
it
s
ap
pli
c
at
ion
to
a
por
ta
bl
e
m
uscula
r
r
eha
bi
li
t
at
ion
d
ev
ic
e
,”
Univ
ersit
´
e
Li
bre
de
Bruxell
es
F.
,
2009.
[13]
Ubaidi
llah,
et
al
.
,
“
Perform
anc
e
pre
diction
of
ser
pent
in
e
t
y
pe
co
m
pac
t
m
agne
tor
heol
ogi
ca
l
br
ake
prototy
pe
,”
AI
P
Conf.
Proc
.
,
pp
.
1788
,
2017
.
[14]
Y.
Shiao
and
Q
.
A.
Ngu
y
en
,
“
Tor
que
enh
ancem
ent
for
a
n
ew
m
ag
net
orhe
o
logi
c
al
bra
ke
,”
Proce
di
a
Eng.
,
vo
l/
issue
:
76(1)
,
pp
.
12
–
23
,
2014
.
[15]
Os
surs
Inc
.
US
D446304
,
2011
.
[16]
M.
Avraa
m
,
et
al.
,
“
Com
pute
r
Control
le
d
Rot
at
i
onal
MR
-
bra
ke
for
W
rist
Reha
bil
it
ati
on
Device
,”
J.
Intell.
Mat
er
.
Syst.
S
truct
.
,
vol/is
sue:
21(15)
,
pp
.
1543
–
1557
,
20
11
.
[17]
K
.
H.
Gudm
und
ss
on,
et
al.
,
“
A
geometri
c
al
op
ti
m
iz
ation
of
a
m
agne
to
-
rhe
olo
gic
a
l
ro
ta
r
y
bra
ke
in
a
prostheti
c
knee
,”
Smar
t
Ma
te
r.
S
truct
.
,
vol/i
ss
ue:
19(3)
,
pp.
35023
,
2010
.
[18]
J.
D.
C
arl
son
,
Unite
d
States Pat
e
nt
191
,
1998.
[19]
D.
Senkal
and
H.
Guroca
k
,
“
Serpe
nti
ne
flu
x
pat
h
for
high
torque
MRF
bra
kes
in
hapt
ic
s
appl
i
cation
s
,”
Me
chat
roni
cs
,
v
ol/
issue:
2
0(3)
,
p
p.
377
–
383
,
201
0
.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Faishal
har
ish
hi
da
y
at
u
ll
ah
r
ecei
ved
his
bac
h
el
or
degr
ee
f
rom
Mec
han
ic
a
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Facu
lty
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
Univer
sita
s
Se
bel
as
Mar
et
i
n
2018.
He
is
cu
rre
ntly
m
an
agem
ent
tra
in
ee
in
PA
MA
PERS
A
DA
.
His
fona
l
proje
ct
rese
ar
ch
is
about
design
and
deve
lopment
of
Magne
torhe
o
log
ic
a
l
Brak
e
for
fo
ot
ank
le ort
hosis.
Ubaidi
llah
is
cu
rre
ntly
sen
ior
l
e
ct
ure
r
in
Mec
h
a
nic
a
l
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g,
Univer
sit
as
Sebelas
Mare
t
.
His
rese
ar
ch
in
t
ere
st
is
m
ai
nl
y
i
n
sm
art
m
at
er
ia
l
s
m
agne
torhe
olo
g
y
and
actua
tor
design.
He
got
his
bac
hel
or
deg
ree
from
Instit
ut
Te
knologi
Sepu
luh
Nopem
ber
(IT
S)
in
2007.
The
n,
he
pursued
m
aste
r
degr
ee
in
Univer
sit
y
Te
k
nika
l
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Mela
ka
(Ut
eM),
and
gra
dua
te
d
in
2010.
His
Ph
D
awa
rd
was ob
ta
i
ned
in
2016
fro
m
Univer
siti
Teknologi
Ma
lay
si
a
(UTM).
Endra
Dw
i
Purn
om
o
rec
ei
v
ed
hi
s
bac
he
lor
degr
e
e
from
Univer
sit
as
Sebelas
Mare
t
in
2016.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
pursui
ng
Master
Degre
e
in
Mec
han
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
r
sit
as
Sebel
as
Mare
t
(UN
S).
His
the
sis
project
l
ie
s
about
m
agne
torh
eol
ogi
c
al
flu
ids
appl
i
cation
in
loud
spea
ker
.
He
al
so
serve
d
as
rese
arch a
ss
ista
nt
in
the sam
e
dep
art
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.