TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.6, Jun
e
201
4, pp. 4550 ~ 4
5
5
6
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i6.539
9
4550
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 2
7
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
F
ebruary 25,
2014; Accept
ed March 1
1
, 2014
A Relaying Scheme for Terrestrial Digital Multimedia
Broadcasting (TDMB) Cooperative Network
Jin Ren
Coll
eg
e of Information En
gi
ne
erin
g, No
rth Ch
ina U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of
T
e
chnol
og
y,
No.5 Jin
y
u
a
n
zhua
ng R
oad, S
h
iji
ngs
han D
i
strist, Beijin
g, P.R Chin
a 10
01
4
4
email: rj@
n
cut.edu.cn
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
e
rrestrial D
i
gi
tal Multi
m
e
d
ia
Broadcasti
ng
(T
DM
B) is on
e pop
ul
ar bro
adcasti
ng stan
dard th
a
t
enable
digital t
e
levis
i
on trans
m
i
ss
i
ons t
o
hand held receiv
ers and cooperative system
t
a
ke advantage of
the bro
adc
ast nature
of w
i
rel
e
ss cha
n
n
e
ls,
uses re
lay
stat
ions as
virtua
l anten
nas
. R
e
la
y stations ar
e
an
attractive solution to penetrate the
wireless
system
with lowe
r transm
i
tting power at the Base station. I
n
this paper, we presented
a schem
e
c
an switch on/off the
power weight
ing ratio between
Base station and
Relay stati
o
n
in TDMB co
oper
ative N
e
tw
ork. It w
ill control th
e ac
tive relays
in
different ch
a
nne
l
prop
agati
ons e
ffectively.
Ke
y
w
ords
: rel
a
y stations, T
D
MB cooper
at
iv
e netw
o
rk, channe
l prop
ag
ati
ons
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Futu
re
mo
bile
ra
dio
sy
stems
are
exp
e
cte
d
to
provide
and
serve
a
wide
ran
g
e
o
f
appli
c
ation
s
,
whi
c
h in
he
rently re
quire high
data
rate
s, Orth
ogon
al Freq
uen
cy Divisi
on
Multiplexing (OFDM
)
[1] is a suitable te
chni
que for
b
r
oad
ban
d tra
n
smi
ssi
on in
multipath fadi
ng
environ
ment
s and i
s
impl
e
m
ented in
dig
i
tal audio
br
o
adcastin
g
(DAB) [2] as
wireless lo
cal
area
network (WLAN)
standa
rds [3]
such as HIPEELAN/
2
or
IEEE 82.11a
and 802.16. Since the
Eure
ka-147
DAB syste
m
[2], [4-5] wa
s anno
un
ce
s i
n
the mid
d
le
of the 199
0s,
many ki
nd
s
o
f
appli
c
ation
s
have be
en i
n
trodu
ce
d in
many count
ri
es in the
world in
clu
d
ing
Europ
e
. Dig
i
tal
multimedia b
r
oad
ca
sting (DMB) is o
ne
of the app
lica
t
ions which have emerged
from the Eure
ka-
147
DAB system. Particul
arly in Korea,
DMB fo
cuse
s on th
e bro
adcastin
g
of
moving pi
ctures
and their reception in harsh co
ndition
s such a
s
in p
l
ace
s
su
rroun
ded by high building
s
an
d
on
high
ways wh
ere ve
hicl
es
are
moving
at avery hi
gh
s
eed. Th
at is to say, we
are
usi
ng a
Eure
ka-
147 DAB system for video streamin
g service
s
in
variou
s mobile
and po
rtable
There are two
kind
s of DM
B systems,
satellite DMB
and terre
s
tr
ia
l DMB. The
terre
strial
DMB is calle
d
b
y
TDMB in
Korea. The
terre
s
trial
DMB i
s
calle
d
by T
D
MB in Korea.
Although
the
TDMB
syste
m
.
Without in
cre
a
sin
g
the
sel
e
ctiv
ity of the fading in
stat
ionary
Raylei
gh fadin
g
cha
nnel
s, one
wa
y
to improve th
e relia
bility of the ra
dio lin
ks. The
i
n
crea
sed
sel
e
ctivity allows the
chann
el de
cod
e
r
to de
cod
e
th
e si
gnal
s
with
better pe
rformance.
Anot
her alternative o
r
compl
e
mentary app
roach
woul
d be rel
a
y stations. Due to the fixed time
latency const
r
aint
s, so far only the anal
ogu
e type
of amplify an
d forward is u
nder in
vestig
ation. Rel
a
y stations a
r
e
pl
ace
d
at po
siti
ons
with a
lin
e of
sight (L
OS)
link to the transmitte
r. A relay stat
io
n will re
sen
d
the origin
a
l
signal with
an
increa
sed
po
wer level an
d of co
urse
slightly
del
ayed [6]. The
addition
al del
ay increa
se
s or
cre
a
tes
sel
e
ctive fading of the cha
nnel
respon
se
s o
r
create
s
sel
e
ctive fading
of the cha
n
nel
respon
se
at the receive
r
, j
u
st a
s
is it intende
d in tra
n
s
mit delay
or pha
se dive
rsity sche
m
e
s
. In
Section 2 th
e swit
ch o
n
/off sch
eme i
n
TDMB coo
perative
syst
em is intr
odu
ced. Foll
owe
d
by
Section
3 th
e
Ch
ann
el mo
del i
s
p
r
e
s
en
ted. Fina
lly
nu
me
r
i
c
a
l r
e
s
u
lts
sh
ow
th
e
p
e
r
for
m
ac
es
in
Section 4.
2. Sy
stem Descriptio
n
Four differe
nt
TDMB sign
a
l
bro
adcasti
n
g
mod
e
s
hav
e stan
da
rdize
d
dep
endi
ng
on the
kind
of service that is
planned to be provided.
We consider
M
ode III.
In
TDMB, rate compatible
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
A Relayi
ng S
c
hem
e for Te
rre
strial
Digit
a
l Multim
edia Broad
ca
sting
(TDMB
)
… (Ji
n
Ren
)
4551
pun
cture
d
co
nvolution (RCPC) cod
e
with
G
=
[1
3
3
,171,14
5,133]
and
k=7 [2]
is em
ployed.
The
outer convol
utional i
n
terle
a
ver
act
s
o
n
the
byte
s at
the output o
f
the
Ree
d
-S
olomon
e
n
co
der
while th
e in
n
e
r inte
rleave
r
scra
mble
s t
he bit
s
at the
output of th
e RCPC en
coder. It al
so
has
sep
a
rate
freq
uen
cy and
time inn
e
r i
n
te
rleaving: th
e
freque
ncy i
n
n
e
r inte
rleave
r
perm
u
tes da
ta
within the
sa
me OFDM symbol, whe
r
e
a
s the time i
nner i
n
terle
a
v
er is mo
re
compli
cate
d
and
spa
n
s
alon
g
time interval
of 320m
s
(i.e
., 2160 OF
DM symbol
s) [2]. The si
gna
l is tra
n
smitted
throug
h a
si
n
g
le a
n
tenn
a f
r
om th
e BS t
o
the
relay
st
ation (RS) an
d directly to
the MS
as wel
l
in
Figure 1. The retran
smitt
ed sign
al fro
m
the re
lay station expe
ri
ences for
simplicity the same
delay sp
rea
d
as the directl
y
transmitted sign
al
from BS, but an additional delay
is applied. T
he
overall p
o
wer is no
rmali
z
e
d
between th
e ba
se
statio
n (BS) a
nd t
he rel
a
y stati
on (RS) a
nd
the
addition
al del
ay is a
s
lo
w t
o
en
su
re the t
o
tal re
ce
ived
sign
al is
re
cei
v
ed within th
e
gua
rd inte
rva
l
.
This me
an
s the total sign
a
l
from
the BS
and the RS can be re
presented by:
2
2
1
mo
d
1
1
0
RS
FFT
RS
F
FT
FFT
i
T
FFT
kl
N
T
FFT
sk
s
k
N
N
jl
j
N
N
Sl
NN
l
ee
(1)
For the time
interval
,,
1
NN
FF
T
G
k
, we get the OFDM symbol to
gether
with the cycli
c
prefix.
Sl
a
r
e th
e complex va
lued frequ
en
cy dom
ain
sy
mbols,
ca
rryi
ng d
a
ta.
T
N
is
1 for the
singl
e
BS or only
the RS
being representat
ive for the tran
smissi
on of the signal.
1
T
N
in case
the BS and the RS are joi
n
tly active.
Figure 1. TDMB coop
erati
v
e Netwo
r
k
First, the gua
rd interval is
remove
d fro
m
the receiv
ed time dom
ain baseba
nd
signal in
the receiver.
ma
x
1
00
T
i
N
N
m
i
rk
k
m
n
k
im
hs
(2)
()
nk
den
otes co
mplex value
d
additive
whit
e Ga
ussia
n
noise
(AWG
N) with
varia
n
ce
2
and
ma
x
N
is the
maxi
mum chan
ne
l delay
sprea
d
. The
remai
n
ing O
F
DM
time dom
ain
symbol i
s
transfo
rme
d
into the frequ
ency dom
ain
by an FFT, which yield
s
.
2
1
()
0
1
FF
T
FF
T
jk
l
N
N
rk
e
N
FFT
k
Rl
2
1
0
1
RS
T
FF
T
T
i
j
N
N
Sl
H
l
e
N
l
N
i
l
(3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4550 – 4
556
4552
With
2
0
1
FF
T
F
FT
i
j
kl
N
N
Hl
h
k
e
i
k
and the AWG
N
term
N
l
again with varian
ce
2
. Equation (3)
sho
w
s that the relaye
d si
gnal expe
rie
n
ce
s a
ch
an
nel that can
be describe
d
as an equiv
a
lent
cha
nnel tra
n
sfer function.
Therefore, a
receiver
cann
ot distingui
sh
w
hethe
r a propag
ation pa
th
results fro
m
a
RS or the BS directly.
LOS p
r
opa
g
a
tion is no
rmally a si
gni
ficant
adva
n
tage a
s
any
fast or sl
ow
fading i
s
avoided. Th
e
s
e a
ddition
al prop
agatio
n
paths
co
ul
d b
e
LOS o
r
NL
OS. The rece
ived sig
nal from
the rel
a
y will
be
slightly de
layed du
e to
the ad
ditional
path
and
du
e to the l
a
ten
c
y of the
rel
a
y
station itself. In (3), An A
W
G
N
with
a
cha
nnel tran
sfer fun
c
tion (CT)
of
1
i
Hl
tran
sforms
into
a ch
ann
e
l
with an ab
solute squ
a
re
CT
2
1c
o
s
2
F
FT
RS
Hl
l
N
. This i
s
d
epicte
d
for
10
RS
samples in Fi
gure
2
with graph
0
Pd
B
, whe
r
e
freq
ue
ncy
f
fl
and b
e
cal
c
ulate
d
fro
m
sub
c
arrie
r
index
l
a
n
d
the
su
bc
ar
r
i
er
s
p
ac
ing
80
00
f
Hz
of t
he
con
s
id
ere
d
TDMB mode III. We can
cl
early observe deep f
ades,
which deg
rade the system performance
comp
ared to
the singl
e direct LOS
ca
se. The re
aso
n
for the
s
e d
eep fade
s i
s
the equal
po
wer
distrib
u
tion a
m
ong the BS antenn
a and t
he RS anten
n
a
.
Figure 2. CT
2
Hf
for A
W
G
N
wit
h
10
RS
Samples
A solutio
n
to
overcome
thi
s
p
r
obl
em i
s
to wei
ght the
sig
nal
s at th
e tran
smitter
and th
e
relay by different facto
r
s
i
in our switch on/off schem
e with
0
BS
,
1
R
S
i
i
and
1
. To keep the transmitted
powe
r
inde
p
ende
nt of the numbe
r of relays yields t
o
the
norm
a
lization
.
2
1
0
T
N
i
E
i
(4)
First
of all, the impl
emen
tation allo
ws a flexible
al
locatio
n
of p
o
we
r to th
e
different
transmitters
with several
degree
s of freedom. In
order to
describ
e the po
we
r
distrib
u
tion b
y
one
para
m
eter, we define:
2
dB
2
10
l
o
g
1
BS
BS
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
A Relayi
ng S
c
hem
e for Te
rre
strial
Digit
a
l Multim
edia Broad
ca
sting
(TDMB
)
… (Ji
n
Ren
)
4553
As the TX po
wer
ratio
bet
wee
n
the BS
antenn
a and
the BS ante
nna. The
pa
rameter
allows
s
w
it
c
h
ing the relay
s
t
ation on/off. Note that
com
p
let
e
ly swit
ches
off the relay
station.
Subse
que
ntly a sin
g
le a
n
tenna
at the
BS and a
si
ngle at the
RS with
different p
o
we
r le
vels
simulatio
n
i
s
investigate
d
.
For th
at, defi
n
ition
(6) p
r
o
v
ides
a u
n
iq
ue d
e
scriptio
n
of th
e p
o
wer
distrib
u
tion. F
o
r AWG
N
(L
OS) the equiv
a
lent CT is:
2
1
22
cos
1
BS
FF
T
l
N
Hl
(6)
Whi
c
h i
s
sh
own i
n
Figu
re 2 for
10
RS
sa
mples
and
d
i
fferent TX a
n
tenna
powe
r
ratio
s
.
2
2
1
BS
BS
is the linear
repre
s
e
n
tation
of
.
3. Chann
e
l Model
For re
ceiv
e
r
s
in mot
i
on,
complex
i
t
y
co
mes
not only
from the multiplicity of receive
d
ech
o
e
s
delay
ed in the time domain, but also fro
m
the freque
ncy
-
shi
ft affecting su
ch e
c
ho
es.
As d
e
scri
bed
by the
Aust
rian
mathem
atician
Chri
stian And
r
e
a
s
Dop
p
ler (180
3-18
53
)
and de
picte
d
in the following formul
a, sign
als
re
ce
i
v
ed in motio
n
are affe
cte
d
by the re
ceiver
spe
ed an
d the relative ang
le betwe
en th
e motion dire
ction an
d the sign
al incomi
ng dire
ction:
co
s(
)
rf
D
f
fV
C
(7)
Where
:
V
re
cei
v
er
v
e
locity
rf
f
car
r
ier
fr
eq
uency of
tr
a
n
smitted
si
g
nal
C
spe
e
d
o
f
lig
ht (2
99
,7
92,485
m/s i
n
vacuu
m
)
angle between motion di
rectio
n and
si
gnal in
comin
g
dire
ction
T
able 1
.
TU
6
Ch
ann
el
Mo
del
Tap
number De
lay
(us)
Power
(L
in) Power
(dB) Doppe
r
Spectr
um
1 0.0
0.5
-
3
Ray
l
e
i
gh
2
0.2
1
0
Ray
l
e
i
gh
3
0.5
0.6
3
-
2
Ray
l
e
i
gh
4 1.6
0.2
5
-
6
Ray
l
e
i
gh
5
2.3
0.1
6
-
8
Ray
l
e
i
gh
6
5.0
0.1
-
10
Ray
l
e
i
gh
We
con
s
ider
a ti
me-
v
ar
yi
ng
mul
t
ipa
t
h
chan
nel
ob
ta
ined
by di
scr
ete
-
ti
me
sa
mpling
a
con
t
inu
ous-ti
m
e
chan
nel
.
Since
ti
me
variati
o
n
i
m
pli
e
s ti
me
-sel
e
c
tive
fading
,
while
multi
p
a
t
h
implie
s
freq
uency-
sele
cti
v
e fadin
g
, we
ar
e
a
c
tually con
s
id
ering discre
te-
t
ime
d
o
u
b
ly-
sele
ctive fa
di
ng cha
nnel
s.
The ti
me
evolutio
n of
the
th
l
chann
el
path is e
x
pr
essed
by:
,,
0
,
,
1
cs
s
l
hk
h
k
T
l
T
l
L
(8)
Where
the con
t
inu
ous-ti
m
e cha
nnel
,
c
ht
is
w
i
d
e
-
se
n
s
e st
at
io
na
l w
i
th
un
co
r
r
e
lat
e
d
sca
tt
erin
g (
W
S
S
U
S
)
[7
],
ma
x
/
1
s
LT
is
th
e n
u
mber
of discre
te
cha
nnel
p
a
th
s,
ma
x
is
t
h
e sam
p
lin
g p
e
r
i
o
d
,
2
2
,0
,
,
1
ll
Eh
k
l
L
repr
esen
ts
th
e
p
o
wer
d
e
lay p
r
ofile
(
P
D
P
)
and
k
d
eno
tes
th
e
discr
e
te
-ti
m
e
temporal
ind
e
x.
The
dela
y
spre
ad
o
f
th
e
mul
t
ipa
t
hs
depe
nds o
n
th
e n
a
ture
of
th
e g
eog
r
aphical a
r
ea
whe
r
e
th
e
signal
pr
opa
gatio
n i
s
taking
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ISSN: 23
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046
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KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4550 – 4
556
4554
place
.
Li
ke typical
ur
ban
(TU) cha
n
n
e
ls, th
e tall building
s
o
f
urba
n
ar
ea gene
rate
hi
g
h
relati
ve
d
e
la
ys.
T
h
e
T
y
pi
cal
Ur
ban
6-
paths mod
e
l
(T
U6)
depi
cted
i
n
T
a
ble
1 [8
], pro
v
e
n
to
be repr
esentative for
the
typical mobil
e
re
cep
t
ion
wi
th Do
ppler
fr
eque
ncy abo
ve 10H
z.
Figure 3. Po
wer-d
e
lay Profile of TU 6 Cha
nnel
4. Results a
nd Analy
s
is
A link level
simulation
wa
s p
e
rfo
r
me
d t
o
give
an
in
sight into
the
swit
ch
on/off
relaying
scheme.
The
system
pa
ra
meters
we fo
cu
sed
on,
are
su
mma
rize
d
in Tabl
e 2.
We u
s
e th
e T
D
MB
mode III with
spacing of
8
000
f
Hz
. The data i
s
m
o
dulated
by a
/4
D
QPS
K
and e
n
code
d
by a convolut
ional
cod
e
wit
h
R=1/2.
We
con
s
id
er
dire
ct link only a
nd di
re
ct plu
s
the rel
a
yed li
nk
with
10
RS
sa
mpl
e
s. T
he
Do
p
p
ler sp
ect
r
u
m
of
Raylei
gh
comp
one
nts i
s
u
n
iform with
a
band
width of
ma
x
8
D
f
Hz
, which i
s
o
f
the sub
c
arrier spa
c
ing a
nd thus
negli
g
ible in term
s of
interc
ar
rie
r
interfer
en
ce.
T
able
2
.
Si
mulatio
n
Pa
ra
me
ter
s
(Mod
e
III)
Bandw
idth
(MHz
) 1.5
36
Usefu
l
su
b-ca
rr
ie
rs
192
FFT size
256
Chan
ne
l sepa
rat
i
on
(MHz)
1.7
5
Subca
r
r
i
er
spaci
ng
(kHz)
8.0
Sampl
i
ng
frequency
(MHz)
2.0
48
B
l
ock dur
at
ion (us
)
125
CP dura
t
i
on (us
)
31
B
i
t rat
e
(Mbps)
1.1
342
Spectr
al
eff
i
c
i
ency
(bps/Hz)
0.7
384
Figure 4 and Figure 5
show the bit error pro
bability (BER) curves fo
r the swit
ch on/off
relaying
sch
e
me in A
W
GN
cha
nnel
and
Raylei
gh fadin
g
ch
annel, respe
c
tively. The
BER
perfo
rman
ce
s of differe
nt RS situ
ation
get gai
n
with po
we
r wei
ghting
ratio
increa
se
d i
n
AWG
N
ch
an
nel ho
wever
the situation
in AWG
N
ch
annel h
o
wever the situ
ation in Rayleig
h
fading chan
n
e
l is op
po
site
. The BER p
e
rform
a
n
c
e
s
l
o
ss with d
e
creased RS in
Rayleig
h
fadi
n
g
cha
nnel is dif
f
erent with th
at in the AWGN c
han
nel. For Rayleigh
fading chann
el in Figure 4,
we
get an SNR l
o
ss of 3 dB a
t
BER =
4
10
for 1 RS (
0
dB
) comp
a
r
ed to no RS. For the AWG
N
cha
nnel i
n
th
e Fig.5, ho
wever, an S
N
R gai
n of 7d
B for 1
RS (
0
dB
) com
pared to
no RS.
Powe
r weig
h
t
ing
betwe
e
n
the
station
(BS a
nd
RS
) allo
ws findi
ng a
comp
ro
mise
betwee
n
SNR gain
s
a
nd
lo
sse
s
in different cha
nnel enviro
n
m
ent.
In
Rayleigh
fa
ding cha
nnel
s a
relay
station p
r
ovid
es ad
ditional
prop
agatio
n paths, whic
h increa
se
s the
available dive
rsity. In AWG
N
cha
nnel, ho
wever, these a
dditional p
r
op
agation p
a
ths are stati
c
, an
d thus, tran
sf
orm the AWG
N
cha
nnel into
a static fre
q
u
ency sele
ctive
one, whi
c
h
degrade
s the
sy
stem p
e
rfo
r
mance.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
D
e
l
a
y [
u
s]
Po
w
e
r [
d
B]
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
A Relayi
ng S
c
hem
e for Te
rre
strial
Digit
a
l Multim
edia Broad
ca
sting
(TDMB
)
… (Ji
n
Ren
)
4555
Figure 4. The
Scheme in A
W
G
N
Ch
ann
el
Figure 5. The
Scheme in
Rayleigh Chan
nel
4. Conclusio
n
In this
pap
er,
we
have
pre
s
ente
d
a
swit
ch
on/off rela
ying sch
e
me
in TDMB
coo
perative
Network. It can b
e
a
b
le t
o
adj
ust th
e
power
wei
ght
ing
ratio
bet
wee
n
the
BS and
RS
for
the
different cha
nnel environ
ment. By the simulation
result
s in Section 3, it sho
w
s the diffe
ren
t
perfo
rman
ce
s of ou
r sch
e
me
with th
e sa
me
a
d
j
u
stment parameters
in
the two
ki
nd
s of
prop
agatio
n,
AWG
N
cha
n
nel (LOS) an
d Rayleigh
fa
ding
ch
ann
el
(NL
O
S). T
h
e
r
efore
ou
r
swit
ch
on/off sch
em
e will be bette
r to adjust pe
rforman
c
e in
chann
el pro
p
a
gation
s
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
In this pap
er,
the re
sea
r
ch
wa
s sp
on
so
r
ed by 201
2 Startup Fu
nd for Tal
ented S
c
hol
ars
of No
rth
Chi
na Universit
y
of
Techno
logy and
20
13 Te
ch
nolo
g
y Foun
dati
on for Sele
cted
Oversea
s
Chi
nese Schol
ar,
Ministry of
Personn
el of Beijing (No.40
1053
7407
56
).
Referen
ces
[1]
SB W
e
insei
n
, PM Ebert. Data transmissio
n
b
y
frequ
enc
y divisio
n
multi
p
le
xi
ng us
ing
the discret
e
F
ourier transfo
rm.
IEEE Trans.
Comm
unic
ations
. COM-19.
197
1; 15: 628-
634.
[2]
Radi
o: Bro
adc
asting
S
y
stem
s; Digita
l
Au
di
o Br
o
adcasti
n
g
(DAB) to
M
obil
e
, Porta
b
l
e
an
d F
i
xe
d
receiv
ers. EN 300 4
01 V1.3.
1
,
Europea
n T
e
l
e
co
mmu
n
icati
o
ns
Standar
d In
stitute ET
SI.
2
000.
[3]
York. Digita
l
Vi
deo Bro
adc
asti
ng (DVB); F
r
aming Structure
,
Chann
el C
o
d
i
ng a
nd Mo
dul
atin for Dig
ita
l
T
e
rrestrial
T
e
le
vision, EN 3
00
744 V1.2.
1
. 19
99.
[4]
B Roscher, H Foschin
i, G Fu
chs, H Kling, M Isk
en. Expe
rienc
es in the Desig
n
of DAB F
r
ont-end
s
.
IEEE Proc. Consum
er Electronics
. 199
8; 386
-387.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4550 – 4
556
4556
[5]
W
o
lfgan
g Hoe
g
,
T
homas La
uterbac
h. Digit
al Audi
o
Broa
dcastin
g
, Princ
i
ples a
nd Ap
pli
c
ations. Joh
n
w
i
le
y & So
ns. 200
1.
[6]
A Osseira
n
, A
Log
othetis, SB
Slima
ne, P
La
rsson.
Re
lay
C
yclic D
e
lay
Div
ersity: Mod
e
li
n
g
& Syste
m
Performanc
e.
Proc.of ICPSC. Duba
i, United
Areb Emiates.
200
7: 25-2
8
.
[7]
P Bell
o. Ch
ara
c
terizatio
n
of r
and
oml
y
time-v
aria
nt lin
ear c
h
ann
els.
IEEE Trans. Commun. Syst.,
1963
;
11(4): 36
0-3
9
3
.
[8]
COST
207 Re
port. Di
gital
la
n
d
mo
bil
e
ra
dio
communic
a
tio
n
s
, Commissi
on
of Eur
ope
an
C
o
mmuniti
es,
Directorat
e
Genera
l
, telecom
m
unic
a
tions, In
formati
on Ind
u
s
tries and Inn
o
v
ation, Lu
xemb
urg. 198
9.
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