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I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f t
o
u
r
is
m
cir
cu
it c
o
n
ce
p
t in
a
n
a
n
d
r
o
id
-
b
a
s
ed
to
u
r
is
t n
a
vig
a
tio
n
…
(
Jo
n
a
r
d
o
R
.
A
s
o
r
)
987
q
u
ar
an
ti
n
e
i
n
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
in
e
s
,
r
esu
l
ted
to
m
aj
o
r
lo
s
s
o
f
g
r
o
s
s
v
al
u
e
ad
d
ed
o
f
7
7
.
5
to
1
5
6
.
9
b
illi
o
n
p
eso
s
o
r
0
.
8
%.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
u
d
d
en
s
h
u
td
o
w
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
to
u
r
is
m
b
u
s
in
ess
r
ed
u
ce
d
3
3
,
8
0
0
to
5
6
,
6
0
0
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t in
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
[
7
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
P
h
ilip
p
in
es
th
at
ar
e
alr
ea
d
y
o
p
en
f
o
r
its
lo
ca
l
an
d
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
.
T
o
u
r
is
m
cir
c
u
it
is
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
tr
av
ell
in
g
in
t
h
r
ee
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
a
j
o
r
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
t
h
at
ar
e
n
o
t
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
lo
n
g
d
is
t
an
ce
s
[
8
]
.
T
o
u
r
is
m
cir
c
u
it
is
p
r
o
m
o
ted
in
t
h
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
s
p
r
ea
d
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
ar
e
h
ar
n
es
s
ed
w
it
h
q
u
alit
y
,
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
a
n
d
in
te
g
r
it
y
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Hen
ce
,
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
cir
cu
it
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
in
cr
ea
tin
g
j
o
b
s
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ca
ls
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
es
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l,
s
o
cio
cu
lt
u
r
al
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
o
u
tco
m
e
s
f
o
r
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
[
3
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
h
o
w
s
a
n
i
m
p
r
ess
i
v
e
r
esu
lt
an
d
s
tr
ateg
i
c
in
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
t
f
o
r
g
es
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
[
1
2
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
ec
lin
e
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
ar
r
iv
al
s
is
in
m
o
tio
n
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
,
m
o
r
e
u
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es in
r
ev
italizi
n
g
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
i
s
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
a
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
aid
e
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
to
u
r
i
s
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
t
is
lar
g
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
ites
a
n
d
attr
ac
tio
n
s
,
to
u
r
is
t
s
tati
s
tics
,
i
d
en
tify
i
n
g
s
u
itab
le
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
t
an
d
i
n
in
v
en
t
o
r
y
o
f
to
u
r
i
s
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
s
ec
to
r
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
I
t
h
elp
s
th
e
h
o
s
p
ita
lit
y
a
n
d
to
u
r
i
s
m
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
es
to
ex
p
a
n
d
th
eir
m
a
r
k
et
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
ir
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
GI
S)
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
to
u
r
is
m
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ig
ital
m
ap
s
,
m
o
b
ile
m
ap
p
in
g
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
Sh
o
r
test
p
ath
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
is
w
i
d
ely
u
s
ed
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
p
at
h
f
i
n
d
in
g
,
s
p
ec
ial
l
y
w
h
e
n
it
is
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
in
GI
S
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
A*
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
b
es
t
-
f
ir
s
t
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
it
h
m
th
at
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
GI
S.
I
t
is
f
a
m
o
u
s
f
o
r
b
ein
g
th
e
b
est
s
h
o
r
tes
t
p
ath
f
in
d
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
ec
au
s
e
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
ti
m
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
ized
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
n
d
o
th
er
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
A*
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
in
co
m
p
u
tin
g
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
at
h
o
f
a
n
o
d
e
t
o
an
o
th
er
n
o
d
e.
I
ts
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
k
es
it
b
etter
th
a
n
o
th
er
s
h
o
r
test
p
at
h
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
W
ith
th
i
s
,
a
*
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
a
g
o
o
d
ch
o
ice
to
u
s
ed
in
a
m
o
b
i
le
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
u
s
e
s
GI
S.
Ass
u
m
in
g
all
th
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
an
d
liter
atu
r
es
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
,
th
is
p
ap
er
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
an
d
r
o
id
-
b
ased
ap
p
l
icatio
n
t
h
at
ap
p
lies
t
h
e
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
cir
cu
i
t
to
u
r
is
m
to
s
av
e
t
h
e
s
lo
w
l
y
d
ec
lin
i
n
g
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es
ar
e
ad
ap
ted
an
d
u
s
ed
i
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
eli
v
er
y
o
f
a
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
m
o
b
il
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ad
ap
tin
g
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
ic
h
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
p
h
ases
n
a
m
e
l
y
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
li
f
e
c
y
cle;
d
ata
g
ath
er
i
n
g
an
d
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
d
esig
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
[
2
5
]
.
2
.
1
.
D
a
t
a
g
a
t
hering
a
nd
pla
nn
ing
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
to
u
r
i
s
t
s
p
o
ts
an
d
o
th
er
le
is
u
r
e
p
lace
s
i
n
th
e
m
u
n
ic
ip
alit
y
o
f
L
o
s
B
a
ñ
o
s
,
L
a
g
u
n
a
in
th
e
P
h
il
ip
p
in
es
w
er
e
g
at
h
e
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
o
u
r
is
m
o
f
L
o
s
B
añ
o
s
.
T
h
is
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
d
ata
th
at
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
d
is
s
e
m
in
a
tin
g
r
e
le
v
an
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
t
s
p
o
ts
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
g
r
id
s
a
n
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ea
ch
to
u
r
i
s
t
s
p
o
ts
i
n
L
o
s
B
añ
o
s
w
ill
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
u
s
in
g
M
ap
B
o
x
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
A
P
I
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
p
-
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
a
m
o
b
ile
p
latf
o
r
m
s
i
n
ce
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
m
ad
e
a
m
aj
o
r
im
p
ac
t
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
w
h
ich
m
ad
e
it
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
[
2
6
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
to
lo
g
i
n
to
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
a
p
lace
to
g
o
in
L
o
s
B
añ
o
s
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
A*
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
b
est
p
ath
in
f
i
n
d
in
g
p
lace
s
.
L
i
k
e
w
is
e,
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
in
g
n
ea
r
est
to
u
r
is
t
s
p
o
ts
o
r
leis
u
r
e
p
lace
s
to
v
i
s
it.
A*
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
as
ch
o
s
e
n
to
b
e
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
u
s
e
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
i
n
ce
i
t
s
h
o
w
s
a
n
i
m
p
r
ess
i
v
e
r
es
u
lt i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
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alg
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ith
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licatio
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m
u
s
t
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ted
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h
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ar
t
m
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o
f
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m
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o
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,
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p
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tr
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g
th
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its
to
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m
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s
tr
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.
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ast
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,
t
h
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ap
p
licatio
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ca
n
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s
ed
as
alter
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a
tiv
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lat
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m
to
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o
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lar
to
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r
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t
s
p
o
ts
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n
th
e
m
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n
icip
ali
t
y
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
s
av
ed
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
t
h
e
latter
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
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M
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NT
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T
h
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t
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ld
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to
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h
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n
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h
e
L
a
g
u
n
a
State
P
o
ly
tech
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ic
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n
i
v
er
s
it
y
f
o
r
i
ts
s
ta
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n
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h
s
u
p
p
o
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t
in
th
e
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r
s
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it o
f
s
c
h
o
lar
l
y
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esear
ch
in
t
h
e
ac
ad
e
m
e
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Q.
M
.
S
.
M
.
IS
h
a
q
a
n
d
H.
J.
P
a
d
h
y
a
,
“
A
n
Ov
e
r
v
ie
w
o
f
T
o
u
rist
Circu
it
s:
A
Ca
se
o
f
Ra
jas
th
a
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
A
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
4
7
5
-
3
4
8
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
P
.
S
.
M
a
n
h
a
s,
P
.
Ko
u
r
,
a
n
d
A
.
h
a
g
a
ta,
“
S
il
k
ro
u
te
i
n
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
o
f
c
ircu
it
to
u
rism
:
A
n
a
v
e
n
u
e
o
f
to
u
rism
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
d
ia
-
S
o
c
ia
l
a
n
d
Beh
a
v
i
o
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
4
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
-
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
s
b
sp
r
o
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
7
.
2
8
3
.
[3
]
V
.
V
e
n
u
g
o
p
a
l
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
m
g
a
d
e
,
“
In
teg
ra
ted
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
th
ro
u
g
h
T
o
u
rism
Circu
it
:
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Ka
n
n
u
r,
Ke
ra
la,
In
d
ia,”
R
a
ma
i
a
h
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
-
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
C.
P
il
a
p
il
-
A
ñ
a
sc
o
a
n
d
J.
C.
L
i
z
a
d
a
,
“
P
h
i
li
p
p
in
e
T
o
u
rism
:
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
t
o
w
a
rd
s
S
u
sta
in
a
b
li
ty
,
”
in
EDP
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
Ph
il
i
p
p
i
n
e
s
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
5
1
/s
h
sc
o
n
f
/2
0
1
4
1
2
0
1
0
3
2
.
[5
]
J.
C.
He
n
d
e
rso
n
,
“
T
o
u
rism
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
P
h
il
ip
p
in
e
s,”
T
o
u
rism
o
s:
A
n
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
id
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
o
u
rism
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
7
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[6
]
W
.
T
.
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
A
s
se
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
Co
v
id
-
1
9
Ou
t
b
r
e
a
k
o
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
o
u
rism
,
”
UN
WT
O,
2
0
2
0
,
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
u
n
w
to
.
o
rg
/i
m
p
a
c
t
-
a
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
-
of
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t
h
e
-
c
o
v
id
-
19
-
o
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t
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re
a
k
-
on
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n
tern
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t
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n
a
l
-
t
o
u
rism
[7
]
N.
E.
D.
A
u
th
o
rit
y
,
“
A
d
d
re
ss
in
g
th
e
S
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ial
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n
d
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n
o
m
ic
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m
p
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th
e
C
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-
1
9
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic,”
NEDA
,
P
h
il
i
p
p
i
n
e
s,
2
0
2
0
.
[8
]
S
.
Ch
o
w
d
h
a
ry
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
to
u
rism
c
ircu
it
s
A
Ca
se
stu
d
y
o
f
Ja
m
m
u
re
g
io
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
ter
d
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
9
]
G
.
D
e
k
a
a
n
d
R
.
P
a
c
h
u
a
u
,
“
A
n
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
T
o
u
r
i
s
t
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
:
A
C
a
s
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
A
i
z
a
w
l
A
r
e
a
,
”
i
n
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
a
,
A
i
z
a
w
l
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
J.
P
.
On
y
a
n
g
o
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
se
je,
“
To
u
rism
P
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
in
Ke
n
y
a
’s
W
e
ste
rn
T
o
u
ris
m
Circu
it
,
”
Ame
ric
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Eco
n
o
mic
s,
Fi
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
6
-
3
4
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Da
m
,
“
T
o
u
rism
Cir
c
u
it
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
P
e
rip
h
e
ra
l
De
stin
a
ti
o
n
s:
Ca
se
o
f
T
rip
u
ra
,
In
d
ia,”
At
n
a
-
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
o
u
rism
S
tu
d
ies
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
7
2
7
/ajts.
1
6
.
1
.
[1
2
]
R.
B.
A
.
A
la
m
p
a
y
,
M
.
M
e
n
a
,
a
n
d
V
.
H.
V
i
ll
e
g
a
s,
“
T
o
u
rism
Circu
it
P
lan
n
in
g
f
o
r
S
u
b
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
o
u
ris
m
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
s,”
in
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
Asia
n
De
stin
a
ti
o
n
s.
Per
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
n
Asia
n
T
o
u
rism
,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
10
-
8
4
2
6
-
3
_
3
.
[1
3
]
V
.
S
.
Ja
d
h
a
v
a
n
d
S
.
D.
M
u
n
d
h
e
,
“
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
T
o
u
ri
s
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s (
IJ
CS
IT
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
8
2
2
-
2
8
2
5
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
.
1
.
4
4
5
.
7
5
4
8
.
[1
4
]
I.
N.
W
a
h
a
b
,
“
Ro
le
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
T
o
u
rism
In
d
u
stry
:
I
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
G
ro
w
th
,
”
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
0
-
2
6
3
,
2
0
1
7
[1
5
]
V
.
Jo
v
a
n
o
v
ić
a
n
d
A
.
Nje
g
u
š,
“
T
h
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
G
IS
a
n
d
it
s
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
T
o
u
rism
,
”
Y
u
g
o
sla
v
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
-
2
7
2
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
2
9
8
/YUJ
OR0
8
0
2
2
6
1
J.
[1
6
]
T
.
T
u
rk
a
n
d
M
.
U.
G
u
m
u
sa
y
,
“
G
I
S
De
sig
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
T
o
u
rism
,
”
in
XX
th
I
S
PR
S
Co
n
g
re
ss
,
T
u
rk
e
y
,
2
0
0
4
.
[
1
7
]
G
.
M
.
.
C
a
t
e
d
r
i
l
l
a
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
T
.
S
u
b
i
o
n
,
“
V
I
P
R
E
A
D
Y
:
A
M
o
b
i
l
e
L
e
i
s
u
r
e
S
e
a
r
c
h
E
n
g
i
n
e
f
o
r
V
i
s
u
a
l
l
y
I
m
p
a
i
r
e
d
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
U
t
i
l
i
z
i
n
g
P
h
o
n
e
M
o
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
S
p
e
e
c
h
R
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
8
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
i
n
a
r
o
n
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
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y
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
S
R
I
T
I
)
,
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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1
1
0
9
/
I
S
R
I
T
I
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2
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8
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